JP2005239031A - Steering device of vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a steering device of a vehicle stabilizing the behavior of the vehicle by appropriately steering/controlling steering wheels in response to vehicle speed at a driver's return steering operation. <P>SOLUTION: In the steering device for the steering-by-wire system vehicle, left and right front wheels are steered/controlled by computer program processing. A steering angle correction part 61 corrects a target steering angle δd calculated by a steering angle conversion part 53 and outputs a corrected target steering angle δda to a driving control part 63. Further, a steering angular velocity limit control part 62 outputs steering angular velocity limit δ'lim for steering operation speed of a steering actuator 21 to the driving control part 63. Thereby, the driving control part 63 steers/controls the steering actuator 21 based on the steering angular velocity limit δ'lim so as to become the corrected target steering angle δda. Accordingly, the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a steering wheel operated by a driver to steer a vehicle, a steering actuator for steering a steered wheel, and a steered wheel by driving and controlling the steered actuator according to the operation of the steering handle. The present invention relates to a steering device for a steering-by-wire vehicle including a steering control device for steering the vehicle.

  In recent years, the development of steering devices that employ this type of steering-by-wire system has been actively carried out. For example, Patent Document 1 shown below discloses a vehicle steering apparatus that can achieve both incision steering with good responsiveness and smooth return steering. In this vehicle steering apparatus, the control gain of the steering control unit that controls the steering actuator is varied by the gain setting unit. Specifically, the gain setting unit changes the control gain based on detection results from the infeed steering detection unit and the return steering detection unit. That is, the gain setting unit sets the control gain to a large value when the turning steering is detected by the turning steering detection unit. Thereby, the absolute value of the steering angle of the steering wheel (steering wheel) with respect to the driver's turning steering can be increased, and the responsiveness can be improved. On the other hand, the gain setting unit sets the control gain to be small when the return steering is detected by the return steering detection unit. As a result, the absolute value of the steering angle of the steering wheel (steered wheel) can be gradually reduced with respect to the return steering of the driver, and the steering wheel can be smoothly returned to the neutral position.

  In the above conventional vehicle steering apparatus, good steering characteristics are ensured by changing the control gain for turning in accordance with the turning steering and the return steering of the steering handle by the driver. By the way, in general, in a steering-by-wire type steering apparatus in which the gear ratio is variable, particularly, the steering characteristics required at the time of return steering differ depending on the vehicle speed. This is to stabilize the behavior of the vehicle by the driver's return steering. In a state where the vehicle speed is high, it is desired that the steered wheels are gently returned with respect to the driver's return steering, and the vehicle speed is low. In the state, it is desired that the steered wheels be returned quickly with respect to the driver's return steering.

  Further, in the conventional vehicle steering apparatus described above, there is a case where the steering characteristic becomes quick and the behavior of the vehicle is not stable when the driver shifts the steering handle from the turning steering to the return steering. That is, in the above-described conventional vehicle steering apparatus, the steering actuator is electrically controlled. Therefore, when the steering actuator immediately starts operating, the influence of the peak output of the control signal at the initial time when the steering shifts to the return steering. Therefore, the steering wheel (steered wheel) may be steered with a large control gain.

  Further, Patent Document 2 below detects a steering angle and a vehicle speed, calculates a transmission ratio that decreases as the steering angle increases and increases as the vehicle speed increases, and divides the steering angle by this transmission ratio to thereby convert the front wheels. A steering device is shown in which a steering angle (amount of displacement of the rack shaft) is calculated and the front wheels are steered to the calculated steering angle. Further, in this steering device, the steering response and followability of the front wheels are improved by correcting the calculated turning angle in accordance with the steering speed obtained by time-differentiating the detected steering angle. Further, by calculating the target yaw rate using the detected vehicle speed and the detected steering angle, and correcting the calculated turning angle according to the difference between the calculated target yaw rate and the detected actual yaw rate, the vehicle behavior state Steering control that takes into account is realized.

  Further, in Patent Document 3 below, the steering torque and the steering angle are detected, and two turning angles that increase as the steering torque and the steering angle increase are calculated, and these calculated turning angles are added. A steering device is shown in which the front wheels are steered at the steered angle. In this steering apparatus, the vehicle speed is also detected, the both turning angles are corrected based on the detected vehicle speed, and the turning characteristics are changed according to the vehicle speed.

  However, in the above-described conventional device, the steering angle and the steering torque, which are the operation input values for the steering wheel by the driver for steering the vehicle, are detected, and the front wheels are rotated using these detected steering angle and steering torque. The steering angle is directly calculated, and the front wheels are steered to the calculated turning angle. However, although the steering control of these front wheels has removed the mechanical connection between the conventional steering wheel and the steered wheels, the response of the steering of the front wheels to the operation of the steering wheel is the operation position of the steering wheel. Alternatively, the basic technical idea of determining the front wheel turning angle according to the operating force is exactly the same, and in these turning methods, the front wheel turning angle is determined according to human sensory characteristics. It was difficult to drive the vehicle.

  That is, in the above-described conventional device, the turning angle that cannot be perceived by the driver is determined directly in response to the operation of the steering wheel, and the vehicle turns by turning the front wheels according to the turning angle. . The driver senses the lateral acceleration, yaw rate, and turning curvature of the vehicle due to the turning of the vehicle by touch or vision, and feeds back to the operation of the steering handle to turn the vehicle in a desired manner. In other words, since the turning angle of the front wheels with respect to the steering wheel operation by the driver is a physical quantity that cannot be perceived by humans, the turning angle that is directly determined by the driver's steering operation is the driver's perception. It was not determined according to the characteristics, and this made it difficult to drive the vehicle.

  Further, in the above-described conventional apparatus, the determined turning angle is corrected according to the difference between the target yaw rate calculated using the detected vehicle speed and the detected steering wheel angle, and the detected actual yaw rate. This is merely correction of the turning angle in consideration of the behavior state of the vehicle, and does not determine the turning angle according to the yaw rate that the driver will perceive by operating the steering wheel. Accordingly, in this case as well, the turning angle determined for the driver's steering operation is not determined in accordance with the driver's perceptual characteristics, making it difficult to drive the vehicle.

JP 2002-46639 A JP 2000-85604 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-124047

  The inventors of the present invention have studied a vehicle steering apparatus that can steer a vehicle in accordance with human perceptual characteristics in response to an operation of a steering wheel by a driver. Regarding such human perceptual characteristics, according to Weber-Fechner's law, it is said that the human sensory quantity is proportional to the logarithm of the physical quantity of the given stimulus. In other words, if the physical quantity of a stimulus given to a human is changed exponentially when the manipulated variable is a displacement, and if the manipulated variable is a torque, the physical quantity of the stimulus given to the human is changed exponentially. And the physical quantity can be matched to human perceptual characteristics. The present inventors have applied the Weber-Hefner's law to a vehicle steering system and discovered the following.

  When driving a vehicle, the vehicle turns by operating the steering handle, and the vehicle's motion state quantities such as lateral acceleration, yaw rate, and turning curvature change as the vehicle turns, and the driver senses the motion state quantity of the vehicle. And it feels more visually. Therefore, if the amount of motion state of the vehicle that can be perceived by the driver is changed exponentially or exponentially with respect to the driver's operation on the steering wheel, the driver's operation on the steering wheel can be reduced. Thus, the vehicle can be driven according to the driver's perceptual characteristics.

  The object of the present invention is to stabilize the behavior of the vehicle by appropriately turning the steered wheels according to the vehicle speed at the time of return steering of the steering handle of the driver, and based on the above discovery, An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle steering apparatus that makes driving of a vehicle easy by steering the vehicle in accordance with human perceptual characteristics in response to an operation.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized by a steering handle operated by a driver to steer a vehicle, a steering actuator for steering steered wheels, and an operation of the steering handle. And a steering control device for driving the steering actuator to steer the steered wheels. The steering control device is configured to control the steering control device with a driver's operation on the steering handle. An operation input value detecting means for detecting an input value and a return steering for determining whether or not the steering handle is steered back toward the neutral position based on the operation input value of the driver detected by the operation input value detecting means. When the determination means, the vehicle speed detection means for detecting the vehicle speed of the vehicle, and the return steering determination means determine that the steering handle has been returned and steered, the vehicle speed detection Lies in the configuration with a steering actuator operated adjusting means for adjusting a control amount for controlling the operation of the steering actuator according to the vehicle speed detected by the means. In this case, the turning actuator operation adjusting means may be adjusted by increasing the control amount of the turning actuator as the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detecting means decreases. Further, the turning actuator operation adjusting means may adjust the control amount of the turning actuator by limiting to a predetermined amount. Further, the turning actuator operation adjusting means may adjust the control amount by causing a predetermined time delay when starting the operation of the turning actuator. Further, the predetermined time delay may be determined based on a relationship between the operation input value of the driver and a turning amount of the steered wheel with respect to the operation input value.

  According to these, when the steering wheel is returned and steered by the driver, the control amount of the steering actuator is adjusted according to the vehicle speed. As a result, the control amount for operating the steering actuator with respect to the return steering of the driver is adjusted appropriately at all vehicle speed ranges, so that the steering of the steered wheels is also appropriately controlled to stabilize the behavior of the vehicle. Can do. In addition, by increasing the control amount of the steering actuator as the vehicle speed decreases, the steered wheels can be steered quickly (with good responsiveness) for the driver's return steering at low speeds. It is possible to reduce the burden on the steering operation of the person. In other words, because the control amount of the steering actuator can be reduced as the vehicle speed increases, the steered wheels can be gently steered with respect to the driver's return steering at high speed, The behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. Further, by limiting the control amount of the steering actuator to a predetermined amount according to the vehicle speed, for example, even when the driver steers the steering wheel back at high speed, the steered wheels are steered suddenly. Can be suppressed, and the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized.

  Further, the control amount is adjusted so as to cause a predetermined time delay when the operation of the steering actuator is started. Thereby, since the steering of the steered wheels is suppressed, the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. Further, by operating the steered actuator with a predetermined time delay, it is possible to eliminate the influence of the rising peak of the control signal at the beginning of the operation. For this reason, the sudden turning of the steered wheels due to the rising peak of the control signal can be suppressed, and the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. At this time, by determining the predetermined time delay based on the operation input value of the driver and the relationship between the turning amount of the steered wheels with respect to the operation input value (for example, the gear ratio of the steering device, etc.) The steering actuator can be operated by reflecting the vehicle-specific steering characteristics, which is preferable.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, the steering control device further includes a reaction force actuator that applies a reaction force to the operation of the steering handle, and a driver can perceive the vehicle in relation to turning of the vehicle. A motion state quantity calculation that represents the motion state of the vehicle and calculates a predicted motion state quantity of the vehicle that has a predetermined exponential or exponential relationship with the operation input value for the steering wheel using the detected operation input value. Means, a turning angle calculation means for calculating a turning angle of the steered wheels necessary for the vehicle to move with the calculated expected motion state quantity, using the calculated expected motion state quantity, and There may be provided steering control means for controlling the steering actuator in accordance with the calculated turning angle to steer the steered wheel to the calculated turning angle. In this case, the operation input value detecting means is constituted by a displacement amount sensor for detecting the displacement amount of the steering handle, and the motion state amount calculating means is provided with the detected displacement amount to the steering handle. It is good to comprise with the operation force conversion means which converts into the operation force, and the exercise state quantity conversion means which converts the converted operation force into the expected movement state quantity. Further, in this case, the operation input value detection means is constituted by an operation force sensor for detecting an operation force applied to the steering handle, and the motion state amount calculation means is configured to use the detected operation force as the expectation. It is good to comprise with the movement state quantity conversion means converted into a movement state quantity. Furthermore, in this case, the expected motion state quantity may be any one of a lateral acceleration, a yaw rate, and a turning curvature of the vehicle.

  According to these, first, the operation input value of the driver for the steering wheel represents the motion state of the vehicle that can be perceived by the driver in relation to the turning of the vehicle. It is converted into a predicted motion state quantity (lateral acceleration, yaw rate, turning curvature, etc.) of the vehicle in a relationship or a power relationship. Then, based on the converted expected motion state quantity, the turning angle of the steered wheel necessary for the vehicle to move with the expected motion state quantity is calculated, and the steered wheel is added to the calculated turning angle. Steered. Therefore, when the vehicle turns by turning the steered wheels, the driver is given the expected motion state quantity as the “physical quantity of the applied stimulus” according to the Weber-Hefner law. Since the expected motion state quantity changes exponentially or exponentially with respect to the operation input value to the steering wheel, the driver perceives the motion state quantity that matches human perception characteristics. While the steering wheel can be operated. The lateral acceleration and yaw rate can be sensed tactilely by the driver in contact with each part in the vehicle. Further, the turning curvature can be visually perceived by the driver due to changes in the situation within the field of view of the vehicle. As a result, according to the present invention, the driver can operate the steering wheel in accordance with human perceptual characteristics, so that driving of the vehicle is simplified.

a. First Embodiment Hereinafter, a vehicle steering apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 schematically shows a vehicle steering apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  The steering apparatus includes a steering handle 11 as an operation unit that is turned by a driver to steer left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 as steered wheels. The steering handle 11 is fixed to the upper end of the steering input shaft 12, and the lower end of the steering input shaft 12 is connected to a reaction force actuator 13 including an electric motor and a speed reduction mechanism. The reaction force actuator 13 applies a reaction force to the turning operation of the steering handle 11 by the driver.

  In addition, the steering device includes a steering actuator 21 including an electric motor and a speed reduction mechanism. The turning force by the turning actuator 21 is transmitted to the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 via the turning output shaft 22, the pinion gear 23, and the rack bar 24. With this configuration, the rotational force from the steering actuator 21 is transmitted to the pinion gear 23 via the steering output shaft 22, and the rack bar 24 is displaced in the axial direction by the rotation of the pinion gear 23. Due to the displacement in the axial direction, the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are steered left and right.

  Next, an electric control device that controls the operation of the reaction force actuator 13 and the steering actuator 21 will be described. The electric control device includes a steering angle sensor 31, a turning angle sensor 32, a vehicle speed sensor 33, and a lateral acceleration sensor 34.

  The steering angle sensor 31 is assembled to the steering input shaft 12, detects the rotation angle from the neutral position of the steering handle 11, and outputs it as the steering angle θ. The steered angle sensor 32 is assembled to the steered output shaft 22, detects the rotational angle from the neutral position of the steered output shaft 22, and corresponds to the actual steered angle δ (the steered angle of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2). ). Note that the steering angle θ and the actual turning angle δ are represented by setting the neutral position to “0”, the left rotation angle as a positive value, and the right rotation angle as a negative value. The vehicle speed sensor 33 detects and outputs the vehicle speed V. The lateral acceleration sensor 34 detects and outputs the actual lateral acceleration G of the vehicle. The actual lateral acceleration G also represents leftward acceleration as positive and rightward acceleration as negative.

  These sensors 31 to 34 are connected to the electronic control unit 35. The electronic control unit 35 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like as main components, and controls the operations of the reaction force actuator 13 and the turning actuator 21 by executing a program. Drive circuits 36 and 37 for driving the reaction force actuator 13 and the steering actuator 21 are connected to the output side of the electronic control unit 35, respectively. In the drive circuits 36 and 37, current detectors 36a and 37a for detecting a drive current flowing through the electric motor in the reaction force actuator 13 and the steering actuator 21 are provided. The drive current detected by the current detectors 36a and 37a is fed back to the electronic control unit 35 in order to control the drive of both electric motors.

  Next, the steering apparatus according to the first embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to the functional block diagram of FIG. 2 showing functions realized by computer program processing in the electronic control unit 35. The electronic control unit 35 includes a reaction force control unit 40 for controlling the reaction force applied to the steering handle 11, and the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 corresponding to the driver's sensory characteristics based on the turning operation of the steering handle 11. It comprises a sensory adaptation control unit 50 for determining the target turning angle δd and a steering control unit 60 for controlling the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 based on the target turning angle δd.

When the steering handle 11 is turned by the driver, the steering angle sensor 31 detects the steering angle θ, which is the rotation angle of the steering handle 11, and uses the detected steering angle θ as a reaction force control unit 40. It outputs to the adaptation control part 50 and the steering control part 60, respectively. In the reaction force control unit 40, the displacement-torque conversion unit 41 calculates a reaction force torque Tz that is an exponential function of the steering angle θ by using the following equation (1).
Tz ＝ To ・ exp (K1 ・ θ)… Formula 1
However, To and K1 in the formula 1 are constants, and these values will be described in detail when the sensory adaptation control unit 50 described later is described. Further, the steering angle θ in the equation 1 represents the absolute value of the detected steering angle θ. If the detected steering angle θ is positive, the constant To is set to a negative value, and the detected steering angle θ is If negative, the constant To is a positive value having the same absolute value as the negative constant To. Here, instead of the calculation of Equation 1, the reaction torque Tz may be calculated using a conversion table having characteristics as shown in FIG. 3 in which the reaction torque Tz with respect to the steering angle θ is stored.

  The calculated reaction force torque Tz is supplied to the drive control unit 42. The drive control unit 42 inputs a drive current flowing from the drive circuit 36 to the electric motor in the reaction force actuator 13 and feedback-controls the drive circuit 36 so that a drive current corresponding to the reaction force torque Tz flows through the electric motor. . By the drive control of the electric motor in the reaction force actuator 13, the electric motor applies a reaction force torque Tz to the steering handle 11 via the steering input shaft 12. Therefore, the driver feels the reaction force torque Tz that changes exponentially with respect to the steering angle θ, in other words, while applying a steering torque equal to the reaction force torque Tz to the steering handle 11, the steering handle 11 Will be rotated. The relationship between the steering angle θ and the reaction torque Tz also follows the above-mentioned Weber-Hefner law, and the driver rotates the steering handle 11 while receiving a sense from the steering handle 11 that matches human perception characteristics. Can be operated.

On the other hand, with respect to the steering angle θ input to the sensory adaptation control unit 50, the displacement-torque conversion unit 51 calculates the steering torque Td according to the following equation 2 similar to the equation 1.
Td ＝ To ・ exp (K1 ・ θ)… Formula 2
Also in this case, To and K1 in the formula 2 are constants similar to those in the formula 1. However, the steering angle θ in Equation 2 represents the absolute value of the detected steering angle θ. If the detected steering angle θ is positive, the constant To is set to a positive value, and the detected steering angle is If θ is negative, the constant To is a negative value having the same absolute value as the positive constant To. Here, in this case as well, the steering torque Td may be calculated using a conversion table having characteristics as shown in FIG. 3 in which the steering torque Td with respect to the steering angle θ is stored, instead of the calculation of the expression 2. Good.

The calculated steering torque Td is supplied to the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52. If the absolute value of the steering torque Td is less than a predetermined positive value To, the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52 calculates the expected lateral acceleration Gd that the driver expects through the turning operation of the steering handle 11 according to the following formula 3. Thus, if the absolute value of the steering torque Td is not less than a predetermined positive value To, the expected lateral acceleration Gd, which is a power function of the steering torque Td, is calculated according to the following equation 4.
Gd = 0 (| Td | <To)… Formula 3
Gd = C · Td ^K2 (To ≦ | Td |) Equation 4
However, C and K2 in Formula 4 are constants. Further, the steering torque Td in the equation 4 represents the absolute value of the steering torque Td calculated using the equation 2, and if the calculated steering torque Td is positive, the constant C is a positive value. If the calculated steering torque Td is negative, the constant C is set to a negative value having the same absolute value as the positive constant C. In this case as well, the steering torque Td is calculated by using a conversion table having characteristics as shown in FIG. 4 in which the expected lateral acceleration Gd with respect to the steering torque Td is stored instead of the calculations of the expressions 3 and 4. May be.

Here, Formula 4 will be described. When the steering torque Td is eliminated using the above equation 2, the following equation 5 is obtained.
Gd = C (To · exp (K1 · θ)) ^K2 = C · To ^K2 · exp (K1, K2 · θ) = Go · exp (K1, K2 · θ)
In Equation 5, Go is a constant C · To ^K2 , and Equation 5 indicates that the expected lateral acceleration Gd varies exponentially with respect to the steering angle θ of the steering wheel 11 by the driver. The expected lateral acceleration Gd is a physical quantity that can be perceived by the driver due to the contact of a part of the driver's body with a predetermined part in the vehicle, and follows the aforementioned Weber-Hefner law. Therefore, if the driver can turn the steering handle 11 while perceiving a lateral acceleration equal to the expected lateral acceleration Gd, the relationship between the turning operation of the steering handle 11 and the steering of the vehicle can be expressed by human perception characteristics. It can be made to correspond.

As described above, the expected lateral acceleration Gd shown in the equation 4 (that is, the equation 5) changes exponentially with respect to the steering angle θ that is the operation amount of the steering wheel 11, and thus human perception characteristics. It is suitable for. Further, the simplest method for the turning operation of the steering handle 11 by the driver is to turn the steering handle 11 at a constant speed ω (θ = ω · t). The acceleration Gd changes exponentially with respect to time t as shown in the following equation (6). Therefore, it will be understood that if the steering handle 11 can be rotated while perceiving a lateral acceleration equal to the expected lateral acceleration Gd, the driver can easily rotate the steering handle 11.
Gd = Go · exp (K0 · ω · t) ... Equation 6
However, K0 is a constant having a relationship of K0 = K1 · K2.

Further, as shown in Equation 3, when the steering torque Td is less than the predetermined value To, the expected lateral acceleration Gd is kept at “0”. This is because, even when the steering angle θ is “0”, that is, when the steering wheel 11 is kept at the neutral position, the steering torque Td becomes a positive predetermined value To by the calculation of the above equation 2, and this steering torque Td ( = To) is applied to the calculation of Equation 4, the expected lateral acceleration Gd becomes a positive value C · To ^K2 , which is not realistic. However, as described above, if the steering torque Td is less than the predetermined value To, the expected lateral acceleration Gd is “0”, so this problem is solved.

In this case, the minimum steering torque that can be perceived by the driver is the predetermined value To, the minimum perceived lateral acceleration that the driver can perceive is Go, and the predetermined value To has a relationship of Go = C · To ^K2. By doing so, the expected lateral acceleration Gd of the vehicle until the steering torque Td reaches a predetermined value To, that is, until the driver feels the lateral acceleration generated in the vehicle by turning the vehicle by operating the steering handle 11. Is kept at “0”. According to this, only when the steering handle 11 is steered at the minimum steering torque To or more, the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered by the steering angle necessary to generate the expected lateral acceleration Gd. It corresponds exactly to the steering of the vehicle. Accordingly, in the displacement-torque conversion units 41 and 51 and the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52, the reaction force torque Tz, the steering torque Td, and the expected lateral acceleration that match the driver's perceptual characteristics are obtained using the equations 1-5. Gd can be calculated.

  Returning to the description of FIG. 2 again, the expected lateral acceleration Gd calculated by the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52 is supplied to the turning angle conversion unit 53. The turning angle conversion unit 53 calculates the target turning angle δd of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 necessary for generating the expected lateral acceleration Gd, and changes according to the vehicle speed V as shown in FIG. And a table representing a change characteristic of the target turning angle δd with respect to the expected lateral acceleration Gd. This table is a set of data collected by running the vehicle while changing the vehicle speed V and actually measuring the turning angle δ and the expected lateral acceleration Gd of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2. Then, the turning angle conversion unit 53 refers to this table and calculates a target turning angle δd corresponding to the input expected lateral acceleration Gd and the detected vehicle speed V input from the vehicle speed sensor 33. The expected lateral acceleration Gd and the target turning angle δd stored in the table are both positive, but are output if the expected lateral acceleration Gd supplied from the turning angle conversion unit 53 is negative. The target turning angle δd is also negative.

Since the target turning angle δd is a function of the vehicle speed V and the expected lateral acceleration Gd as shown in the following formula 7, it is also calculated by executing the calculation of the following formula 7 instead of referring to the table. Can do.
δd = L · (1 + A · V ² ) · Gd / V ² ... Formula 7
However, L in said Formula 16 is a predetermined value which shows the wheel base of a vehicle, and A is a predetermined value which was decided beforehand.

The calculated target turning angle δd is supplied to the turning angle correction unit 61 of the turning control unit 60. The turning angle correction unit 61 receives the expected lateral acceleration Gd from the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52 and also the actual lateral acceleration G detected by the lateral acceleration sensor 34, and calculates the following equation (8). The corrected target turning angle δda is calculated by correcting the inputted target turning angle δd.
δda = δd + K3 · (Gd−G) Equation 8
However, the coefficient K3 is a predetermined positive constant. When the actual lateral acceleration G is less than the expected lateral acceleration Gd, the coefficient K3 is corrected so that the absolute value of the corrected target turning angle δda is increased. . When the actual lateral acceleration G exceeds the expected lateral acceleration Gd, the correction target turning angle δda is corrected to be smaller. By this correction, the target turning angle δd of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 necessary for the expected lateral acceleration Gd can be ensured with higher accuracy. Then, the turning angle correction unit 61 supplies the corrected target turning angle δda to the drive control unit 63.

  The drive control unit 63 is supplied with a turning angular velocity limit δ′lim for limiting the turning operation speed of the turning actuator 21 from the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62. The turning angular velocity limit control unit 62 inputs the steering angle θ from the steering angle sensor 31 and inputs the vehicle speed V from the vehicle speed sensor 33. Then, the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62 determines whether the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver based on the input steering angle θ and the differential value obtained by time differentiation of the steering angle θ, that is, the steering angular velocity θ ′. Determine whether or not. Here, the steering angular velocity θ ′ is represented by a negative value when the steering angle θ of the steering handle 11 is rotated from the positive state toward the neutral position (that is, rotated to the right). When the steering angle θ is turned from the negative state toward the neutral position (that is, turned to the left), it is represented by a positive value. Thus, the steering angular velocity limit control unit 62 causes the driver to turn the steering handle 11 when the steering angle θ> 0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′ <0, or when the steering angle θ <0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′> 0. It is determined that the return steering is being performed.

Then, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62 performs the calculation of the following formula 9 so that the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered rapidly. A limit value for suppressing the rotation, that is, a turning angular velocity limit δ′lim is calculated.
δ'lim = P1 + P2 / V ... Formula 9
However, P1 is a reference parameter related to vehicle motion characteristics (for example, steering angle, steering torque, lateral acceleration, yaw rate, etc.), and P2 is a vehicle speed term parameter that varies depending on the vehicle speed, both of which are experimentally determined. It is a constant. The steered angular velocity limit δ′lim has a characteristic that the value becomes smaller as the vehicle speed V becomes larger and becomes larger as the vehicle speed V becomes smaller. This is a limit value for suppressing the sudden turning of the front wheels FW1, FW2. Then, the calculated turning angular velocity limit δ′lim is supplied to the drive control unit 63. The steering angular velocity limit control unit 62 operates the steering handle 11 to be turned by the driver, that is, the steering angle θ> 0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′> 0, or the steering angle θ <0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′ <0. If it is, the turning angular velocity limit δ'lim is not calculated.

  The drive control unit 63 inputs the actual turning angle δ detected by the turning angle sensor 32, and the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are turned to the corrected target turning angle δda based on the turning angular speed limit δ'lim. Thus, the rotation of the electric motor in the steering actuator 21 is feedback-controlled. In this control, the drive control unit 63 also inputs a drive current that flows from the drive circuit 37 to the electric motor in the steering actuator 21, and also inputs a drive current that flows to the electric motor, so that the steering torque is applied to the electric motor. The drive circuit 37 is feedback controlled so that a drive current of a corresponding magnitude flows properly.

  More specifically, the drive control unit 63 controls the drive of the electric motor in the turning actuator 21 so that the turning angular speed limit δ′lim does not exceed when the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are turned. The rotation of the electric motor whose drive is controlled is transmitted to the pinion gear 23 via the steering output shaft 22, and the rack bar 24 is displaced in the axial direction by the pinion gear 23. As the rack bar 24 is displaced in the axial direction, the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered to the corrected target turning angle δda. In this way, during the driver's return steering, the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered so as not to exceed the turning angular velocity limit δ'lim, thereby suppressing the sudden turning of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2. The behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized.

  As can be understood from the above description of the operation, according to the first embodiment, the steering angle θ as the operation input value of the driver with respect to the steering handle 11 is converted into the steering torque Td by the displacement-torque converter 51. The converted steering torque Td is converted into the expected lateral acceleration Gd by the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52, and the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are converted by the turning angle conversion unit 53, the turning angle correction unit 61, and the drive control unit 63. Is steered to the corrected target turning angle δda necessary for generating the expected lateral acceleration Gd. At this time, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the turning angular velocity limit δ′lim as the limit value calculated by the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62 is applied.

  In this case, since the steering torque Td is equal to the reaction force torque Tz, it is a physical quantity that can be perceived by the driver from the steering wheel 11 due to the action of the reaction force actuator 13 and changes exponentially with respect to the steering angle θ. Therefore, the driver can turn the steering handle 11 according to the human perceptual characteristic while feeling the reaction force according to the Weber-Hefner law. The actual lateral acceleration G generated in the vehicle by turning the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 is a physical quantity that can be perceived, and the actual lateral acceleration G is controlled to be equal to the expected lateral acceleration Gd. Further, the expected lateral acceleration Gd also changes in a power function with respect to the steering angle θ input by the driver (exponentially by changing Expression 4 to Expression 5). Accordingly, the driver can turn the steering wheel 11 by turning the steering handle 11 according to the human perceptual characteristic while feeling the lateral acceleration according to the Weber-Hefner law. As a result, the driver can operate the steering handle 11 in accordance with human perceptual characteristics, and thus driving of the vehicle is simplified.

  Further, the turning angle correction unit 61 corrects the target turning angle δd so that the actual lateral acceleration G actually generated in the vehicle accurately corresponds to the steering angle θ of the steering handle 11, so that the vehicle An actual lateral acceleration G accurately corresponding to the steering angle θ of the steering handle 11 is generated. As a result, the driver can operate the steering wheel 11 while perceiving the lateral acceleration more accurately according to the human perceptual characteristics, so that the driving of the vehicle becomes easier.

  Further, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the drive control unit 63 controls the turning actuator 21 so as not to exceed the turning angular velocity limit δ′lim acquired from the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62. Operate. As a result, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 is limited and the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered, so that the behavior of the vehicle is preferably stabilized. be able to. Here, the turning angular velocity limit Δ′lim is calculated according to the vehicle speed V, and increases as the vehicle speed V decreases, and decreases as the vehicle speed V increases. For this reason, when the vehicle speed V is low (during low speed traveling), the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 can be increased, and the left and right front wheels FW1 can be agile (responsive) to the driver's return steering. , FW2 can be steered. Thereby, the burden concerning a driver's steering operation can be reduced.

  On the other hand, when the vehicle speed V is high (during high speed travel), the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 can be reduced, and the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are gently steered with respect to the driver's return steering. be able to. Thereby, the behavior of the vehicle at the time of high speed traveling can be satisfactorily stabilized. In addition, by continuously changing the turning angular speed limit δ'lim according to the vehicle speed V, the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 can be steered without causing the driver to feel uncomfortable at all vehicle speed ranges. It is preferable. Further, by automatically adjusting the turning operation speed of the turning actuator 21 based on the turning angular speed limit δ′lim, the controllability of the vehicle can be improved without depending on the driving skill of the driver. it can.

b. Second Embodiment In the first embodiment, the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62 is provided, and when the driver steers the steering handle 11 back, the turning angular velocity limit δ′lim is calculated and the turning actuator is calculated. The left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered so that the steered operation speed of 21 does not exceed the steered angular speed limit δ′lim, so that the behavior of the vehicle is stabilized. On the other hand, when the driver steers the steering handle 11, the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered by causing a predetermined time delay with respect to the return steering. The behavior can be stabilized. Hereinafter, the second embodiment will be described in detail. In addition, about the same part as the said 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a low-pass filter 64 is provided in place of the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62 in the turning control unit 60 of the first embodiment. The low-pass filter 64 is connected between the turning angle correction unit 61 and the drive control unit 63, and performs a low-pass filter process on the corrected target turning angle δda calculated by the turning angle correction unit 61. This is output to the drive control unit 63. The operation of the low-pass filter 64 will be specifically described.

  The low pass filter 64 inputs the steering angle θ from the steering angle sensor 31. Then, the low-pass filter 64 determines whether or not the steering wheel 11 is returned and steered by the driver based on the input steering angle θ and a differential value obtained by time-differentiating the steering angle θ, that is, the steering angular velocity θ ′. To do. Here, the steering angular velocity θ ′ is represented by a negative value when the steering angle θ of the steering handle 11 is rotated from the positive state toward the neutral position (that is, rotated to the right). When the steering angle θ is turned from the negative state toward the neutral position (that is, turned to the left), it is represented by a positive value. Thus, the low-pass filter 64 causes the steering handle 11 to be returned and steered by the driver when the steering angle θ> 0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′ <0, or the steering angle θ <0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′> 0. Can be determined.

Then, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the low-pass filter 64 performs the calculation of the following formula 10 and performs the rising peak at the beginning of the steering in the steering control of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2. A cut-off frequency constant KLPF for causing a predetermined time delay is calculated.
KLPF = Q1 ・ (1 + Q2 (∂θ / ∂δ)) ... Equation 10
However, Q1 and Q2 are predetermined calculation parameters, and both are constants obtained experimentally. Further, ∂θ / ∂δ is the reciprocal of the inclination of the table shown in FIG. 5 referred to by the turning angle conversion unit 53, that is, the gear ratio of the steering device. Specifically, the table shown in FIG. 5 can have a relationship between the steering angle θ and the target turning angle δd, as is clear from the above formulas 5 and 7, and the target turning angle δd is It can be considered that the relationship is determined with respect to the steering angle θ. From this relationship, the inclination of the table (curve) at the steering angle θ can be calculated, and the reciprocal of the calculated inclination, that is, ∂θ / ∂δ represents the gear ratio of the steering device.

  For this reason, the cutoff frequency constant KLPF has such a characteristic that the larger the gear ratio, the larger the value, and the smaller the gear ratio, the smaller the value. Further, since the table shown in FIG. 5 depends on the vehicle speed V, the cut-off frequency constant KLPF also has a characteristic depending on the vehicle speed V. That is, when the vehicle speed V is high, the gear ratio becomes small, so the cutoff frequency constant KLPF becomes a small value, and when the vehicle speed V is low, the gear ratio becomes large, so the cutoff frequency constant KLPF becomes a large value. It has characteristics.

As described above, when the cut-off frequency constant KLPF is calculated, the low-pass filter 64 uses the following equation 11 and equation 12 to calculate the correction target turning angle δda supplied from the turning angle correction unit 61 as described above. Perform low-pass filtering with the frequency constant KLPF.
reserve (n) = reserve (n−1) + δ (n) −δlpf (n−1) Equation 11
δlpf (n) = reserve (n) · KLPF Equation 12
However, reserve (n) is a predetermined variable for calculation, and δ (n) is the turning angle before the low-pass filter processing, that is, the corrected target turning angle δda calculated by the turning angle correction unit 61, n is the number of calculations. In this way, the low-pass filter 64 removes the rising peak of the corrected target turning angle δda by performing the low-pass filter process on the corrected target turning angle δda using the cut-off frequency constant KLPF. The generated target turning angle δlpf is output.

  More specifically, when the gear ratio of the steering device is large (or the vehicle speed V is small), the cutoff frequency constant KLPF is large. For example, driving is performed in a state where the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are steered largely. When a person steers the steering wheel 11 back, the amount of rising peak that is cut off is reduced, and the time delay is reduced. On the other hand, when the gear ratio of the steering device is small (or the vehicle speed V is large), the cutoff frequency constant KLPF is small. For example, when the vehicle is turning at a high speed, the driver pushes the steering steering handle 11. When the return steering is performed, the amount of rising peak that is cut off increases and the time delay increases.

  The low-pass filter 64 supplies the target turning angle δlpf subjected to the low-pass filter process to the drive control unit 63. Thus, by supplying the target turning angle δlpf subjected to the low-pass filter processing to the drive control unit 63, the turning operation start of the turning actuator 21 can be delayed by a predetermined time, and the driver returns A predetermined time delay can be generated between the steering and the turning of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2. For this reason, the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. The low pass filter 64 is used when the steering handle 11 is turned by the driver, that is, when the steering angle θ> 0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′> 0, or the steering angle θ <0 and the steering angular velocity θ ′ <0. Does not calculate the target turning angle δlpf subjected to low-pass filtering. In this case, the low pass filter 64 supplies the corrected target turning angle δda to the drive control unit 63 without performing the low pass filter process.

  The drive control unit 63 inputs the actual turning angle δ detected by the turning angle sensor 32, and turns so that the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered to the target turning angle δlpf or the corrected target turning angle δda. The rotation of the electric motor in the rudder actuator 21 is feedback controlled.

  As can be understood from the above description, in the second embodiment, a predetermined time delay occurs when the steering actuator 21 starts to operate with respect to the return steering of the steering handle 11 by the driver. As described above, the low pass filter 64 supplies the target turning angle δlpf subjected to the low pass filter process to the drive control unit 63. Accordingly, the drive control unit 63 performs the turning control so that the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 have the target turning angle δlpf with a predetermined time delay. As a result, a predetermined time delay can be generated between the driver's steering handle 11 return steering and the return steering control of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2, and abrupt turning of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 is suppressed. Therefore, the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. Further, by operating the steered actuator 21 with a predetermined time delay by the low-pass filter process, it is possible to eliminate the influence of the rising peak of the control signal at the beginning of the operation. For this reason, the sudden turning of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 due to the rising peak of the control signal can be suppressed, and the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. At this time, it is preferable that the predetermined time delay is determined based on the gear ratio of the steering device, so that the turning actuator 21 can be operated while reflecting the turning characteristic unique to the vehicle.

c. First Modification In the first and second embodiments, the steering angle θ is used as the operation input value of the steering handle 11. On the other hand, it is also possible to use the steering torque T as an operation input value of the steering handle 11. Hereinafter, this first modification will be described. In the first modification, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 1, a steering torque sensor 38 that detects a steering torque T that is assembled to the steering input shaft 12 and applied to the steering handle 11 is provided. Other configurations are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, but the computer program executed by the electronic control unit 35 is slightly different from those in the first and second embodiments. In the case of this first modification, the displacement-torque converter 51 is not provided in the functional block diagrams of FIGS. 2 and 6 representing the computer program, and the torque-lateral acceleration converter 52 is Instead of the steering torque Td calculated by the displacement-torque converter 51 in the first and second embodiments, the expected laterality is obtained by executing the calculations of equations 3 and 4 using the steering torque T detected by the steering torque sensor 38. Calculate the acceleration Gd. In this case as well, the expected lateral acceleration Gd may be calculated using a conversion table representing the characteristics shown in FIG. The other program processes executed by the electronic control unit 35 are the same as those in the first and second embodiments.

  According to the first modification, the steering torque T as the driver's operation input value for the steering handle 11 is converted into the expected lateral acceleration Gd by the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52, and the turning angle conversion unit 53, the turning By the angle correction unit 61 and the drive control unit 62, the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are steered to the corrected target turning angle δda necessary for generating the expected lateral acceleration Gd. In this case as well, the steering torque T is a physical quantity that the driver can perceive from the steering handle 11, and the expected lateral acceleration Gd changes in a power function with respect to the steering torque T. The steering handle 11 can be turned according to the human perceptual characteristic while feeling the reaction force according to the Weber-Hefner law. Therefore, in this first modification as well, in the same manner as in the above embodiments, the driver rotates the steering handle 11 according to the human perceptual characteristics while feeling the lateral acceleration according to the Weber-Hefner law. Since the vehicle can be turned, the same effects as those in the above embodiments are expected.

  Furthermore, the vehicle steering control according to each of the above embodiments and the vehicle steering control according to the first modification may be switchable. That is, both the steering angle sensor 31 and the steering torque sensor 38 are provided, and the expected lateral acceleration Gd is calculated using the target turning torque Td calculated by the displacement-torque conversion unit 51 as in the above embodiment. It is also possible to switch between the case where the expected lateral acceleration Gd is calculated using the steering torque T detected by the steering torque sensor 38 and to make it usable. In this case, the switching may be performed automatically according to the driver's intention or according to the motion state of the vehicle.

d. Second Modification Next, a second modification using a yaw rate instead of the lateral acceleration as the motion state quantity in the first and second embodiments will be described. As shown by a broken line in FIG. 1, the steering device in the second modified example detects a real yaw rate γ that is a motion state quantity that can be perceived by the driver instead of the lateral acceleration sensor 34 in each of the above embodiments. A sensor 39 is provided. Other configurations are the same as those in the above embodiments, but the computer program executed by the electronic control unit 35 is slightly different from those in the above embodiments.

  In the second modification, the computer program executed by the electronic control unit 35 is shown by the functional block diagrams of FIGS. In this case, in the sensory adaptation control unit 50, the displacement-torque conversion unit 51 functions in the same manner as in each of the above embodiments, but instead of the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52 in each of the above embodiments, a torque-yaw rate conversion unit 54 is provided. Is provided.

The torque-yaw rate conversion unit 54 uses the steering torque Td calculated by the displacement-torque conversion unit 51 to calculate the expected yaw rate γd that the driver expects from the turning operation of the steering handle 11 to the steering torque Td. If the absolute value is less than the positive small predetermined value To, it is set to “0” as shown in the following formula 13, and if the absolute value of the steering torque Td is greater than the positive small predetermined value To, the calculation is performed according to the following formula 14.
γd = 0 (| Td | <To) Equation 13
γd = C · Td ^K2 (To ≦ | Td |) Equation 14
However, C and K2 in Expression 14 are constants as in the above embodiments. Also in this case, the steering torque Td in the equation 14 represents the absolute value of the steering torque Td calculated using the equation 2, and if the calculated steering torque Td is positive, the constant C Is a positive value, and if the calculated steering torque Td is negative, the constant C is a negative value having the same absolute value as the positive constant C. In this case, the expected yaw rate γd may be calculated using a conversion table having a characteristic as shown in FIG. 9 in which the expected yaw rate γd with respect to the steering torque Td is stored instead of the calculations of the equations 13 and 14. Good.

  Further, the turning angle conversion unit 55 calculates the target turning angle δd of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 necessary for generating the expected yaw rate γd, and changes according to the vehicle speed V as shown in FIG. And a table representing the change characteristic of the target turning angle δd with respect to the expected yaw rate γd. This table is a set of data collected by actually measuring the turning angle δ and the yaw rate γ of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 while running the vehicle while changing the vehicle speed V. Then, the turning angle conversion unit 55 refers to this table and calculates the target turning angle δd corresponding to the input expected yaw rate γd and the detected vehicle speed V input from the vehicle speed sensor 33. Further, the yaw rate γ (expected yaw rate γd) and the target turning angle δd stored in the table are both positive, but if the expected yaw rate γd supplied from the turning angle conversion unit 55 is negative, The output target turning angle δd is also negative.

Since the target turning angle δd is a function of the vehicle speed V and the yaw rate γ as shown in the following formula 15, it can be calculated by executing the calculation of the following formula 15 instead of referring to the table. .
δd = L · (1 + A · V ² ) · γd / V Equation 15
However, also in the formula 15, L is a predetermined value indicating the wheel base, and A is a predetermined value.

The calculated target turning angle δd is supplied to the turning angle correction unit 65 of the turning control unit 60. The turning angle correction unit 65 receives the expected yaw rate γd from the torque-yaw rate conversion unit 54 and also the actual yaw rate γ detected by the yaw rate sensor 39, and executes the calculation of the following equation (16). The corrected target turning angle δda is calculated by correcting the input target turning angle δd.
δda = δd + K4 · (γd−γ) (16)
However, the coefficient K4 is a predetermined positive constant, and when the actual yaw rate γ is less than the expected yaw rate γd, the coefficient K4 is corrected so that the absolute value of the corrected target turning angle δda becomes larger. Further, when the actual yaw rate γ exceeds the expected yaw rate γd, the correction target turning angle δda is corrected to be smaller. By this correction, the turning angles of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 necessary for the expected yaw rate γd are more accurately ensured.

  Further, other program processes executed by the electronic control unit 35 are the same as those in the above embodiments. In the functional block diagrams of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

  Also in the second modified example described above, the steering angle θ as the operation input value of the driver with respect to the steering handle 11 is converted into the steering torque Td by the displacement-torque converter 51, and the converted steering torque is also converted. Td is converted to the expected yaw rate γd by the torque-yaw rate conversion unit 54, and the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are corrected to generate the expected yaw rate γd by the turning angle conversion unit 55, the turning angle correction unit 65, and the drive control unit 63. The vehicle is steered to the target turning angle δda. Also in this case, since the steering torque Td is equal to the reaction force torque Tz, it is a physical quantity that can be perceived by the driver from the steering handle 11 by the action of the reaction force actuator 13, and changes exponentially with respect to the steering angle θ. Therefore, the driver can turn the steering handle 11 according to the human perceptual characteristic while feeling the reaction force according to the Weber-Hefner law.

  Further, the yaw rate γ generated in the vehicle by the steering of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 is a physical quantity that can be perceived, and the yaw rate γ is controlled to be equal to the expected yaw rate γd. It changes exponentially with respect to θ (exponentially by transforming Equation 14 in the same manner as the transformation from Equation 4 to Equation 5 in the above embodiment). Therefore, the driver can turn the steering wheel 11 by turning the steering handle 11 according to the human perception characteristic while feeling the yaw rate according to the Weber-Hefner law. As a result, the driver can operate the steering handle 11 in accordance with the human perceptual characteristics, as in the case of the above-described embodiment, so that the driving of the vehicle is simplified.

  Further, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the drive control unit 63 controls the turning actuator 21 so as not to exceed the turning angular velocity limit δ′lim acquired from the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62. Can be operated. As a result, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 is limited and the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered. Can be made. Here, the turning angular velocity limit Δ′lim is calculated according to the vehicle speed V, and increases as the vehicle speed V decreases, and decreases as the vehicle speed V increases. For this reason, when the vehicle speed V is low (during low speed traveling), the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 can be increased, and the left and right front wheels FW1 can be agile (responsive) to the driver's return steering. , FW2 can be steered. Thereby, the burden concerning a driver's steering operation can be reduced.

  On the other hand, when the vehicle speed V is high (during high speed travel), the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 can be reduced, and the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are gently steered with respect to the driver's return steering. be able to. Thereby, the behavior of the vehicle at the time of high speed traveling can be satisfactorily stabilized. In addition, by continuously changing the turning angular speed limit δ'lim according to the vehicle speed V, the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 can be steered without causing the driver to feel uncomfortable at all vehicle speed ranges. It is preferable. Further, by adjusting the turning operation speed of the turning actuator 21 based on the turning angular speed limit δ′lim, the controllability of the vehicle can be improved without depending on the driving skill of the driver.

  Further, the low-pass filter 64 is low-passed to the drive control unit 63 so as to cause a predetermined time delay when the turning actuator 21 starts to operate with respect to the return steering of the steering handle 11 by the driver. The filtered target turning angle δlpf can be supplied. Accordingly, the drive control unit 63 performs the turning control so that the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 have the target turning angle δlpf with a predetermined time delay. As a result, a predetermined time delay can be generated between the driver's steering handle 11 return steering and the return steering control of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2, and abrupt turning of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 is suppressed. Therefore, the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. Further, by operating the steered actuator 21 with a predetermined time delay by the low-pass filter process, it is possible to eliminate the influence of the rising peak of the control signal at the beginning of the operation. For this reason, the sudden turning of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 due to the rising peak of the control signal can be suppressed, and the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. At this time, it is preferable that the predetermined time delay is determined based on the gear ratio of the steering device, so that the turning actuator 21 can be operated while reflecting the turning characteristic unique to the vehicle.

e. Third Modification Next, a third modification using a turning curvature instead of the lateral acceleration as the motion state quantity in the first and second embodiments will be described. The steering apparatus in the third modification is configured as shown in FIG. 1 as in the first and second embodiments. However, the computer program executed by the electronic control unit 35 is slightly different from those in the above embodiments.

  In the third modification, the computer program executed by the electronic control unit 35 is shown by the functional block diagrams of FIGS. 11 and 12. In this case, in the sensory adaptation control unit 50, the displacement-torque conversion unit 51 functions in the same manner as in each of the above embodiments, but instead of the torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit 52 in each of the above embodiments, a torque-turning curvature conversion unit 56. Is provided.

The torque-turning curvature conversion unit 56 uses the steering torque Td calculated by the displacement-torque conversion unit 51 to convert the expected turning curvature ρd that the driver expects by turning the steering handle 11 into the steering torque. If the absolute value of Td is less than a small positive predetermined value To, the value is set to “0” as shown in the following equation 17;
ρd = 0 (| Td | <To) Equation 17
ρd = C · Td ^K2 (To ≦ | Td |) Equation 18
However, C and K2 in Equation 18 are constants as in the above embodiments. Also in this case, the steering torque Td in the equation 18 represents the absolute value of the steering torque Td calculated using the above equation 2. If the calculated steering torque Td is positive, the constant C Is a positive value, and if the calculated steering torque Td is positive, the constant C is a negative value having the same absolute value as the positive constant C. In this case, the expected turning curvature ρd is calculated using a conversion table having characteristics as shown in FIG. 13 in which the expected turning curvature ρd with respect to the steering torque Td is stored instead of the calculations of the equations 17 and 18. May be.

  Further, the turning angle conversion unit 57 calculates the target turning angle δd of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 necessary for generating the expected turning curvature ρd, according to the vehicle speed V as shown in FIG. There is a table that changes and represents the change characteristic of the target turning angle δd with respect to the expected turning curvature ρd. This table is a set of data collected by actually measuring the turning angle δ and the turning curvature ρ of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 while the vehicle is running while changing the vehicle speed V. Then, the turning angle conversion unit 57 refers to this table and calculates the target turning angle δd corresponding to the input expected turning curvature ρd and the detected vehicle speed V input from the vehicle speed sensor 33. The turning curvature ρ (expected turning curvature ρd) and the target turning angle δd stored in the table are both positive, but the expected turning curvature ρd supplied from the torque-turning curvature conversion unit 56 is negative. If so, the output target turning angle δd is also negative.

Since the target turning angle δd is a function of the vehicle speed V and the turning curvature ρ as shown in the following equation 19, it can be calculated by executing the operation of the following equation 19 instead of referring to the table. it can.
δd = L · (1 + A · V ² ) · ρd Equation 19
In Equation 19, L is a predetermined value that represents the wheel base, and A is a predetermined value.

The calculated target turning angle δd is supplied to the turning angle correction unit 66 of the turning control unit 60. The turning angle correction unit 66 receives the expected turning curvature ρd from the torque-turning curvature conversion unit 56 and also receives the actual turning curvature ρ from the turning curvature calculation unit 67. The turning curvature calculation unit 67 uses the lateral acceleration G detected by the lateral acceleration sensor 34 or the yaw rate γ detected by the yaw rate sensor 39 and the vehicle speed V detected by the vehicle speed sensor 33 to calculate the following equation (20). As a result, the actual turning curvature ρ is calculated and output to the turning angle correction unit 66.
ρ = G / V ² or ρ = γ / V Equation 20

And the turning angle correction | amendment part 66 performs the calculation of following formula 21, correct | amends the input target turning angle (delta) d, and calculates corrected target turning angle (delta) da.
δda = δd + K5 · (ρd−ρ) Equation 21
However, the coefficient K5 is a positive constant determined in advance, and when the actual turning curvature ρ is less than the expected turning curvature ρd, the coefficient K5 is corrected so that the absolute value of the corrected target turning angle Δda is increased. When the actual turning curvature ρ exceeds the expected turning curvature ρd, the absolute value of the corrected target turning angle δda is corrected to be smaller. By this correction, the turning angles of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 necessary for the expected turning curvature ρd are more accurately ensured.

  Further, other program processes executed by the electronic control unit 35 are the same as those in the above embodiments. In the functional block diagrams of FIGS. 11 and 12, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 2 and 6 of the above-described embodiments are attached, and the description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the third modified example described above, the steering angle θ as an operation input value of the driver with respect to the steering handle 11 is converted into the steering torque Td by the displacement-torque converter 51, and the converted steering torque is also converted. Td is converted to the expected turning curvature ρd by the torque-turning curvature conversion unit 56, and the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 generate the expected turning curvature ρd by the turning angle conversion unit 57, the turning angle correction unit 66, and the drive control unit 63. To the corrected target turning angle δda required for Also in this case, since the steering torque Td is equal to the reaction force torque Tz, it is a physical quantity that can be perceived by the driver from the steering handle 11 by the action of the reaction force actuator 13, and changes exponentially with respect to the steering angle θ. Therefore, the driver can turn the steering handle 11 according to the human perceptual characteristic while feeling the reaction force according to the Weber-Hefner law.

  Further, the turning curvature due to the turning of the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 is also a physical quantity that can be perceived visually, and this turning curvature ρ is controlled to be equal to the expected turning curvature ρd, and the expected turning curvature ρd is also steered. It changes in a power function with respect to the angle θ (exponentially by changing Expression 18 in the same manner as changing from Expression 4 to Expression 5 in the above embodiment). Accordingly, the driver can turn the vehicle by turning the steering handle 11 according to human perceptual characteristics while visually perceiving the turning curvature according to the Weber-Hefner's law. As a result, the driver can operate the steering wheel 11 in accordance with the human perceptual characteristics as in the case of the above-described embodiment, so that the driving of the vehicle is simplified.

  Further, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the drive control unit 63 controls the turning actuator 21 so as not to exceed the turning angular velocity limit δ′lim acquired from the turning angular velocity limit control unit 62. Can be operated. As a result, when the steering handle 11 is returned and steered by the driver, the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 is limited and the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 are steered. Can be made. Here, the turning angular velocity limit Δ′lim is calculated according to the vehicle speed V, and increases as the vehicle speed V decreases, and decreases as the vehicle speed V increases. For this reason, when the vehicle speed V is low (during low speed traveling), the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 can be increased, and the left and right front wheels FW1 can be agile (responsive) to the driver's return steering. , FW2 can be steered. Thereby, the burden concerning a driver's steering operation can be reduced.

  On the other hand, when the vehicle speed V is high (during high speed travel), the steering operation speed of the steering actuator 21 can be reduced, and the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 are gently steered with respect to the driver's return steering. be able to. Thereby, the behavior of the vehicle at the time of high speed traveling can be satisfactorily stabilized. In addition, by continuously changing the turning angular speed limit δ'lim according to the vehicle speed V, the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 can be steered without causing the driver to feel uncomfortable at all vehicle speed ranges. It is preferable. Further, by adjusting the turning operation speed of the turning actuator 21 based on the turning angular speed limit δ′lim, the controllability of the vehicle can be improved without depending on the driving skill of the driver.

  Further, the low-pass filter 64 is low-passed to the drive control unit 63 so as to cause a predetermined time delay when the turning actuator 21 starts to operate with respect to the return steering of the steering handle 11 by the driver. The filtered target turning angle δlpf can be supplied. Accordingly, the drive control unit 63 performs the turning control so that the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 have the target turning angle δlpf with a predetermined time delay. As a result, a predetermined time delay can be generated between the driver's steering handle 11 return steering and the return steering control of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2, and abrupt turning of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 is suppressed. Therefore, the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. Further, by operating the steered actuator 21 with a predetermined time delay by the low-pass filter process, it is possible to eliminate the influence of the rising peak of the control signal at the beginning of the operation. For this reason, the sudden turning of the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 due to the rising peak of the control signal can be suppressed, and the behavior of the vehicle can be stabilized. At this time, it is preferable that the predetermined time delay is determined based on the gear ratio of the steering device, so that the turning actuator 21 can be operated while reflecting the turning characteristic unique to the vehicle.

  Furthermore, in carrying out the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modifications, and various modifications can be made without departing from the object of the present invention.

  For example, in each of the above-described embodiments and modifications, the steering angle or steering torque as an operation input value input to the steering handle is converted into a predicted motion state quantity, and steering is performed using the converted predicted motion state quantity. The present invention was applied to a steer-by-wire vehicle steering device that calculates the angle. However, the steering angle of the conventional steering-by-wire system in which the turning angle is directly calculated based on the steering angle and the steering torque input to the steering wheel and the turning wheel is turned to the turning angle by the turning actuator. It is also possible to implement with an apparatus. Even in this case, the steering angular velocity limit control unit and the low-pass filter described above are provided to the conventional steering-by-wire vehicle steering device, and the operation of the steering actuator is adjusted, so that Similar effects can be obtained.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment and each modification, in order to steer a vehicle, the steering handle 11 rotated is used. However, instead of this, for example, a joystick-type steering handle that is linearly displaced may be used, or any other one that can be operated by the driver and instructed to steer the vehicle is used. May be.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment and each modification, by rotating the steering output shaft 22 using the steering actuator 21, the left and right front wheels FW1 and FW2 were steered. However, instead of this, the left and right front wheels FW1, FW2 may be steered by linearly displacing the rack bar 23 using the steered actuator 21.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment and each modified example, lateral acceleration, yaw rate, and turning curvature are each independently used as the amount of vehicle motion state that can be perceived by humans. However, the vehicle steering control may be performed by switching the amount of motion state of these vehicles by a selection operation by the driver or automatically switching according to the traveling state of the vehicle. When switching automatically according to the running state of the vehicle, for example, the turning curvature is used as the motion state quantity when the vehicle is running at low speed, the yaw rate is used as the motion state quantity when the vehicle is running at medium speed, and the vehicle is running at high speed. Sometimes, lateral acceleration is used as the motion state quantity. According to this, appropriate steering control of the vehicle is performed according to the running state of the vehicle, and the driving of the vehicle becomes easier.

1 is a schematic view of a vehicle steering apparatus according to each embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram functionally representing a computer program process of steering control executed by the electronic control unit of FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a steering angle and a steering torque. It is a graph which shows the relationship between steering torque and estimated lateral acceleration. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a prospective lateral acceleration and a target turning angle. FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram functionally representing a computer program process of steering control executed by the electronic control unit of FIG. 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a functional block diagram functionally showing the computer program process of the steering control performed by the electronic control unit of FIG. 1 according to the second modification of the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram functionally representing a computer program process of turning control executed by the electronic control unit of FIG. 1 according to a second modification of the second embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between steering torque and estimated yaw rate. It is a graph which shows the relationship between an expected yaw rate and a target turning angle. It is a functional block diagram functionally showing the computer program process of the steering control performed by the electronic control unit of FIG. 1 according to the third modification of the first embodiment. It is a functional block diagram functionally showing the computer program process of the steering control performed in the 3rd modification of 2nd Embodiment performed by the electronic control unit of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between steering torque and prospective turning curvature. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a prospective turning curvature and a target turning angle.

Explanation of symbols

FW1, FW2 ... front left and right wheels, 11 ... steering handle, 12 ... steering input shaft, 13 ... reaction force actuator, 21 ... steering actuator, 22 ... steering output shaft, 31 ... steering angle sensor, 32 ... steering angle sensor, 33 ... Vehicle speed sensor, 34 ... Lateral acceleration sensor, 35 ... Electronic control unit, 38 ... Steering torque sensor, 39 ... Yaw rate sensor, 40 ... Reaction force control unit, 50 ... Sensory adaptation control unit, 51 ... Displacement-torque conversion unit, 52 ... Torque-lateral acceleration conversion unit, 53, 55, 57 ... Steering angle conversion unit, 54 ... Torque-yaw rate conversion unit, 56 ... Torque-turning curvature conversion unit, 60 ... Steering control unit, 61, 65, 66 ... turning angle correction part, 62 ... turning angular speed limit control part, 63 ... drive control part, 64 ... low-pass filter

Claims (9)

A steering wheel operated by a driver to steer the vehicle, a steering actuator for steering the steered wheel, and the steered wheel by driving and controlling the steered actuator according to the operation of the steering handle. In a steering device for a steering-by-wire vehicle equipped with a turning control device for turning, an operation input value detection means for detecting an operation input value of a driver for the steering handle.
Return steering determination means for determining whether or not the steering handle is steered back toward the neutral position based on the driver's operation input value detected by the operation input value detection means;
Vehicle speed detecting means for detecting the vehicle speed of the vehicle;
When the return steering determination means determines that the steering handle has been returned and steered, a turning actuator operation adjustment means adjusts a control amount for controlling the operation of the turning actuator according to the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detection means. A steering-by-wire vehicle steering apparatus characterized by comprising: The steering apparatus for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to claim 1,
The steering actuator operation adjusting means adjusts the steering actuator by increasing the control amount of the steering actuator as the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detecting means decreases. In the steering apparatus for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
The steering actuator operation adjusting means adjusts the steering actuator by limiting the control amount of the steering actuator to a predetermined amount. In the steering apparatus for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
The steering actuator operation adjusting means adjusts the control amount by causing a predetermined time delay when starting the operation of the steering actuator, and is a steering-by-wire vehicle steering apparatus. In the steering device for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to claim 4,
The predetermined time delay is determined based on a relationship between an operation input value of the driver and a turning amount of the steered wheel with respect to the operation input value. apparatus. In the steering device for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The steering control device further includes:
A reaction force actuator for applying a reaction force to the operation of the steering wheel;
The estimated motion state quantity of the vehicle, which represents the motion state of the vehicle perceived by the driver in relation to the turning of the vehicle and has a predetermined exponential relationship or a power relationship with the operation input value to the steering wheel, is detected. Motion state quantity calculating means for calculating using the manipulated input value;
A turning angle calculation means for calculating a turning angle of the steered wheels necessary for the vehicle to move with the calculated expected motion state quantity, using the calculated expected motion state quantity;
Steering-by-wire steering of a vehicle, comprising steering control means for controlling the steering actuator in accordance with the calculated turning angle to steer the steered wheel to the calculated turning angle. apparatus. The steering device for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to claim 6,
The operation input value detection means includes a displacement amount sensor that detects the displacement amount of the steering wheel,
The motion state quantity calculating means includes an operation force conversion means for converting the detected displacement amount into an operation force applied to the steering handle, and an exercise state for converting the converted operation force into the expected motion state quantity. A steering-by-wire vehicle steering apparatus comprising a quantity conversion means. The steering device for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to claim 6,
The operation input value detection means includes an operation force sensor that detects an operation force applied to the steering handle,
A steering-by-wire vehicle steering apparatus, wherein the motion state quantity calculating means is composed of motion state quantity conversion means for converting the detected operating force into the expected motion state quantity. In the steering device for a steering-by-wire vehicle according to any one of claims 6 to 8,
The predicted motion state quantity is a steering-by-wire vehicle steering apparatus that is one of a lateral acceleration, a yaw rate, and a turning curvature of the vehicle.

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