JP2005238282A - Compound welding equipment, its welding method, and compound welding system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide compound welding equipment and its welding method in which a laser output P of laser welding is automatically calculated from a welding current I and a welding voltage V of arc welding. <P>SOLUTION: The compound welding equipment is provided with an arc generating means 10, a laser generating means 1, a laser condition computing means 12 which calculates laser conditions of the laser generating means 1 based on the arc conditions of the arc generating means 10, and a control means 13 for controlling the laser generating means 1 on the basis of the laser conditions determined by the laser condition computing means 12. Thus, setting of the welding conditions can be simplified and also unified. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a composite welding apparatus, a method thereof, and a composite welding system for calculating laser conditions for laser welding based on arc conditions for arc welding.

  Laser welding is a high energy density heat source, so it is possible to perform high quality and high efficiency welding with a narrow heat-affected zone. However, if there is a gap between the workpieces, the laser beam will escape from the gap and directly In some cases, the work piece cannot be heated. One approach from the welding process to increase the gap margin is to employ a filler.

  Although this method can improve the gap tolerance, it requires a higher-power laser because it requires extra energy to melt the filler. As a result, the apparatus cost is improved. As an approach from the welding peripheral device, there are a method for increasing the processing accuracy of the workpiece, a method for increasing the accuracy of the jig for fixing the workpiece, and the like. In either method, the processing cost may increase.

  On the other hand, if arc welding of the consumable electrode method is adopted, wide gap tolerance can be obtained. As a method that can simultaneously obtain the high-speed performance of laser welding and the gap tolerance of arc welding, arc welding is performed by generating an arc at the welding position of the work piece, and laser is applied to the molten pool generated from arc welding. A method of combining laser welding that performs welding by irradiating light, that is, combined welding of laser welding and arc welding has been proposed.

  In composite welding, the base metal of the MIG welding and the laser beam are aligned so that the base metal is melted by MIG welding and the focal point of the laser beam can be adjusted close to the bottom of the crater deeply dug by the impact force of the droplet and the plasma stream. There is a welding method in which the position is adjusted and laser and MIG for performing deep penetration welding are used in combination (for example, see Patent Document 1).

In addition, the laser beam is used in combination with another heat source, the laser beam irradiation position is set at the welding or processing position, and the heat conduction model based on the heat conduction equation is applied to the heat source used in combination with the laser beam. There is a laser beam irradiation position setting method for grasping the heat affected range at the time of other heat source alone used together with the laser beam and irradiating the laser beam at the most efficient position according to the purpose of welding or processing (for example, see Patent Document 2) ).
Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-8916 JP 2003-103382 A

  However, in conventional composite welding, for example, according to Patent Document 1, it is possible to perform welding similar to laser welding with a large output with an inexpensive welding apparatus without increasing the laser output and causing an increase in the apparatus price. However, in actual welding, it was necessary to set the arc conditions for arc welding and the laser conditions for laser welding well in order to perform high-quality welding.

  Further, according to Patent Document 2, a specific method for setting conditions for combined arc welding or laser welding has not been disclosed.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-described problems of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a composite welding apparatus and method for automatically calculating laser conditions for laser welding based on arc conditions for arc welding.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention relating to the composite welding apparatus of the present invention includes laser welding for irradiating a welding position of a workpiece to be welded with a laser beam and welding the workpiece, and a welding wire at the welding position of the workpiece. In a composite welding apparatus for simultaneously welding the welding position of the workpiece by arc welding for welding the workpiece from arc discharge between the welding wire and the workpiece, the welding wire is welded to the workpiece An arc generating means for feeding an object to a welding position and generating an arc between the welding wire and the welding position; and a laser generating means for generating a laser beam to irradiate the welding position of the workpiece. A laser condition calculating means for calculating the laser condition of the laser generating means based on the arc condition of the arc generating means; and the laser generating procedure based on the laser condition calculated from the laser condition calculating means. A hybrid welding apparatus having a control means for controlling.

  The invention according to the composite welding method of the present invention includes an arc effective input heat amount calculation step for calculating an arc effective input heat amount by inputting a welding current and a welding voltage of arc welding, a normalized welding speed and a laser effective input amount. When the relationship with the heat amount ratio is input in advance and the normalized welding speed is set, the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculating step for calculating the laser effective input heat amount ratio based on the normalized welding speed, the arc effective input heat amount calculating step, and the step This is a composite welding method including a laser output calculation step of inputting a calculated value with the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculation step and calculating a laser output.

  The invention relating to the composite welding system of the present invention also provides a laser welding apparatus for irradiating a welding position of a workpiece to be welded with a laser beam to weld the workpiece, and supplying a welding wire to the welding position of the workpiece. In an arc welding apparatus for welding an object to be welded from an arc discharge between a welding wire and an object to be welded, and a composite welding system for simultaneously welding the welding positions of the object to be welded by a composite welding control apparatus, Material, workpiece thickness, surface condition, welding wire material, welding wire diameter, welding position, welding speed, and arc conditions are input to the composite welding control device Then, the composite welding control device is a composite welding system that calculates a laser condition based on the various inputs and controls the arc welding device and the laser welding device.

  As described above, according to the present invention, by setting the laser condition based on the arc condition, the setting of the welding condition can be simplified and the setting of the welding condition can be unified.

  Hereinafter, a composite welding apparatus, a welding method thereof, and a composite welding system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a composite welding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a laser generating unit that includes a laser oscillator 2, a laser transmission unit 3, and a condensing optical system 4, and irradiates a welding position of a workpiece 6 with a laser beam 5.

  The laser oscillator 2 can freely control its laser output value and laser output timing by an external control device. The laser transmission means 3 may be an optical fiber or a transmission system combined with a lens. The condensing optical system 4 may be composed of a plurality of lenses.

A welding wire 7 is fed to the welding position of the workpiece 6 through the welding torch 9 by the wire feeding means 8. Although not shown in the figure, the wire feeding means 8 is controlled at the start of welding, and the welding wire 7 is fed toward the welding position of the workpiece 6 through the welding torch 9. The arc generating means is controlled so as to generate the welding arc 11 with the object 6, but the feeding of the welding wire 7 by the wire feeding means 8 is stopped at the end of the welding and the welding arc 11 is controlled to be extinguished. It is.

  The arc generating means 10 can freely control the output value and output timing by an external control device, and can output the output value and output timing to an external control device. Reference numeral 12 denotes a laser condition calculation unit that receives an arc condition of the arc generation unit 10 and calculates a laser condition of the laser generation unit 1 based on the arc condition.

  As the laser condition calculation means 12, a computer may be used, but a component, a device, an apparatus, or a combination thereof having a calculation function such as a computer may be used. The control unit 13 is a control unit that receives the laser conditions calculated from the laser condition calculation unit 12 and controls the laser generation unit 1.

  Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described. The laser condition calculation means 12 inputs the welding current I and the welding voltage V as the arc conditions set by the arc generation means 10 and calculates the laser output P as the laser conditions of the laser generation means 1 based on the set values. And output to the control means 13.

  2 and 3 for the principle of calculating the laser condition from the arc condition (welding current I, welding voltage V) of the arc generating means 10, and FIGS. 4 to 7 for the method of calculating the laser condition (laser output P). This will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 shows the result of maximum welding speed V _max and normalized welding speed V _nor when welding current I is 60 amps, 120 amps and 180 amps in composite welding of an aluminum alloy having a thickness of 1.5 mmt. It is.

FIG. 2A shows the relationship between the maximum welding speed V _max and the laser output P. At any welding current I, the maximum speed V _max of the back wave welding increases as the laser output P increases.

FIG. 2B shows the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the effective laser input heat ratio η when the welding current I is 60 amps, 120 amps, and 180 amps. Here, the normalized welding speed V _nor is a magnification of the welding speed of the composite welding when the arc welding speed is set to 1 based on the result of FIG.

  The laser effective input heat ratio η in FIG. 2B will be described below.

  If the arc efficiency, which is the ratio of the amount of heat entering the base metal to the arc total heat, is β, the laser absorptance is the ratio of the amount of heat entering the base material to the total amount of heat generated by the laser, α, and the welding current is I The effective input heat amount ratio η is calculated from the equation (1).

αP is the laser effective input heat amount, and βIV is the arc effective input heat amount. In consumable electrode arc welding, the arc efficiency β varies depending on the welding current I and the welding voltage V, but is usually 90% or more. For calculation, it may be approximately 100%. The laser absorptance α varies depending on various conditions such as the laser wavelength, the material of the workpiece 6, the surface state, and the temperature of the laser irradiation part, but in order to simplify the calculation, The laser absorption rate α may be used as a constant value, α ₀ .

As shown in FIG. 2B, the normalized welding speed V _nor of the composite welding is almost determined by the laser effective input heat ratio η to the workpiece 6 regardless of the magnitude of the welding current I.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the laser effective input heat ratio η obtained with aluminum alloys having thicknesses of 0.8 mmt, 2 mmt, and 3.2 mmt together with the results of FIG. The welding current I is 60 amps, 120 amps, and 180 amps. Also shown are the results of laser alone (2 kW, 4 kW) welding.

According to the result of FIG. 3, the normalized welding speed V _nor of the composite welding is almost determined by the laser effective input heat ratio η to the workpiece 6 regardless of the plate thickness t, the welding current I, and the laser output P. In the following description, the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the laser effective input heat amount ratio η is represented by the functional relationship shown in the equation (2), and the description proceeds.

In FIG. 3, in a region A where the effective laser heat input ratio exceeds about 70%, that is, a region where the normalized welding speed V _nor exceeds a certain limit value, the welding arc 11 cannot catch up or melt from the welding wire 7. This is a region where the metal is discontinuously formed at the welding position of the workpiece 6.

  When the laser effective input heat ratio is about 40% or less, the normalized welding speed is 4 or less, and the degree of increase in the welding speed with respect to arc welding of composite welding is reduced. Therefore, in the composite welding, it is possible to obtain a high welding speed when the laser effective input heat ratio is in the range of about 40 to 70%.

In the figure, the welding results of the laser alone 2 kW and the laser alone 4 kW do not have the effect of the heat input by the arc welding, so the normalized welding speed V _{nor at} any laser output is higher than that of the composite welding with the same laser output. small.

FIG. 3 shows an example of an aluminum alloy. The relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the laser effective input heat amount ratio η shown in the equation (2) depends on the material of the work piece, the thickness of the work piece, Depending on the surface condition of the work piece, the material of the welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire, and the welding posture, it may change.

  Since the laser absorptance changes when the material and surface state of the workpiece are changed, the amount of heat input by the laser to the workpiece may change. When the material and diameter of the welding wire, or the welding attitude changes, the appropriate welding voltage changes even at the same welding current, so that the amount of heat input by the arc to the workpiece may change.

  As described above, based on the result of FIG. 3, the laser condition calculation means 12 can calculate the laser output P when the arc condition of arc welding is set.

A method by which the laser condition calculation unit 12 calculates the laser output P will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is an example showing the configuration of the laser condition calculation means 12 for calculating the laser output P. 14 is an arc output calculation unit that inputs the welding current I and welding voltage V as the arc conditions of the arc generating means 10 and the arc efficiency β set from the coefficient input unit 15 and calculates the arc effective input heat amount βIV. is there.

16 is the effective arc heat input βIV, the laser absorption rate α set from the coefficient input unit 17 (= the laser absorption rate of the workpiece 6 at the melting temperature, α ₀ ), and the normalized welding set from the speed input unit 18. It is a laser output calculation unit that inputs the velocity V _nor and calculates the laser output P based on the equations (2) and (1).

Note that the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the effective laser input heat amount η is input to the laser output calculator 16 in advance. According to the above configuration, the laser output calculation unit 16 can calculate the laser output P by inputting the welding current I and the welding voltage V as the arc conditions of the arc generating means 10.

In the configuration example shown in FIG. 4, the laser absorption rate α is constant as the laser absorption rate α ₀ of the workpiece 6 at the melting temperature, but in actual welding, the laser absorption rate α is equal to the molten metal of the workpiece 6. It varies depending on the surface shape of the part (hereinafter referred to as a molten pool).

  That is, it changes depending on the presence or absence of a keyhole in the molten metal part. When the keyhole is not formed, the increase in absorption due to the multiple reflection of the laser is small even if the surface of the molten pool may be slightly depressed. When a keyhole is formed, most of the laser is absorbed by the work piece due to multiple reflection in the keyhole. The number of multiple reflections also changes depending on the depth of the keyhole, and the laser output absorbed by the work piece changes.

  The laser absorption ratio at this time is sometimes referred to as a coupling rate, but here it is referred to as a laser absorption rate α. Usually, the presence or absence of the keyhole is determined by the output P of the laser irradiated to the workpiece 6 and the condensing diameter φ, that is, the condensing density.

An example showing the relationship between the laser absorptance α (or coupling rate) and the light collection density is shown in FIG. When the condensing density is small, the laser absorption rate α is substantially equal to the laser absorption rate α ₀ of the workpiece 6 at the melting temperature. As the concentration density increases, the laser absorptance α increases. The laser absorptance α suddenly increases with the formation of the keyhole.

  Therefore, in order to calculate the laser output P using the equations (2) and (1), it is desirable to correct the laser absorptance α in accordance with the focused diameter φ.

  FIG. 6 is an example showing the configuration of the laser condition calculation means 12 in consideration of the relationship between the light collection density and the laser absorption rate α.

In this configuration example, instead of the laser output calculation section 16 shown in FIG. 4, the output of the speed input unit 18, the set value [Delta] [alpha] _th of the condenser density signal P _D and the allowable error setting unit 19 from the output unit 21 to be described later Is used, and the output of the laser output calculator 22, the output permission signal P _out from the coefficient calculator 20, and the coefficient input An output unit 21 is provided which receives the light collection diameter φ set from the unit 23 as an input.

  In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the place which show | plays the same structure, operation | movement, and effect as the example of a structure shown in FIG. First, an operation from immediately after turning on the power until the laser output calculation unit 22 calculates the laser output P for the first time will be described.

Immediately after the power is turned on, the coefficient calculating section 20, because it does not yet received a condensing density signal P _D from the output unit 21 to be described later, the laser absorption rate alpha ₀ (diagram welded object 6 when the keyhole is not formed 5) is output to the laser output calculator 22 as it is. The laser output calculation unit 22 receives the outputs from the coefficient calculation unit 20, the arc output calculation unit 14, and the speed input unit 18, and calculates the laser output P as needed according to the equations (1) and (2). Immediately after the injection, the laser output P is calculated using the laser absorptance α ₀ input from the coefficient calculation unit 20 and output to the output unit 21.

The output unit 21 inputs the laser output P from the laser output calculation unit 22 and the light condensing diameter φ from the coefficient input unit 23 until the output permission signal _Pout from the coefficient calculation unit 20 is received immediately after the power is turned on. calculating a condensing density Te, and outputs to the coefficient calculating unit 20 as a condenser density signal P _D. Coefficient calculation unit 20, based on FIG. 5 by using a condensing density signal P _D, to calculate the laser absorption rate alpha _1.

The output permission signal _Pout is output to the output unit 21 only when the difference between the calculated laser absorption rate α ₁ and the laser absorption rate α ₀ is smaller than the allowable error Δα _th set by the allowable error setting unit 19. When larger than the allowable error Δα _th , the calculated laser absorption rate α ₁ is output to the laser output calculation unit 22 and the calculated laser absorption rate α ₁ is stored as α ₀ , and the next calculated laser absorption rate α ₁ is stored. Are used to determine whether or not to output the output permission signal _Pout . Upon receiving the output permission signal _Pout , the output unit 21 immediately outputs the laser output P calculated from the laser output calculation unit 22 to the control unit 13.

The above operation is understood from the schematic diagram shown in FIG. (1a) and (2a) in the figure indicate the order of the laser absorptance α used in the calculation, and the dotted arrows indicate the flow. In the actual calculation, the difference Δα tolerances setting unit 19 of the laser absorption rate alpha _i-1 is a laser absorptance alpha _i and the previous calculated value corresponding to the light condensing density signal P _D calculated from the output unit 21 If smaller than the set allowable error Δα _th , the coefficient calculation unit 20 outputs the output permission signal P _out to the output unit 21. The laser output P calculated as described above is used as long as the arc condition of the arc generating means 10 does not change, but is calculated again each time the arc condition of the arc generating means 10 changes.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the laser conditions for laser welding can be automatically calculated based on the arc conditions for arc welding, simplifying the setting of the welding conditions, and the welding conditions Can be centralized.

In the above embodiment, when the laser output P is calculated by the laser output calculator 16 or the laser output calculator 21, the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the laser effective input heat ratio η shown in the equation (2) Although V _nor = f (η) is used, the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the laser effective input heat ratio η may be used as a data table, a graph or a database as shown in FIG.

  In place of the equation (2), the plate thickness of the workpiece, the welding current I of the arc welding, the welding voltage V, the arc efficiency β, the welding speed of the arc welding, and the required welding speed of the composite welding are input. Alternatively, fuzzy inference means that outputs the laser effective input heat amount ratio η may be used.

The relationship V _nor = f (η) is derived from the maximum velocity V _max of the back wave welding, using a maximum velocity V _max was determined from the appearance of the weld bead, used in making another new functional relationship May be.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the laser condition calculation unit 12 calculates the laser output P of the laser generation unit 1 so that the laser effective input heat ratio η to the workpiece 6 is within a preset range. Also good. In this way, the fastest welding speed can be obtained as shown in FIG.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, you may set to the range where the highest normalized welding speed _Vnor is obtained and the laser effective input heat | fever rate ratio (eta) to the to-be-welded object 6 is 40 to 70%.

  In actual welding, since the necessary laser effective input heat ratio η may vary depending on the plate thickness, joint shape, and welding posture of the workpiece 6, the laser condition calculation means 12 performs laser effective on the workpiece 6. The input heat quantity ratio η is calculated as at least one function of the plate thickness, joint shape, and welding posture of the workpiece 6 and the laser output P of the laser generating means 1 is calculated so that it is in a preset range. Also good.

  Further, the relationship between the laser effective input heat ratio η to the workpiece 6 and the plate thickness, joint shape, and welding posture of the workpiece 6 may be made into a database, and the laser output P may be calculated based on the database.

  In the above embodiment, as the laser generating means 1, a semiconductor laser device, a YAG laser device, a fiber laser device, or a CO2 laser device can be used. The output of the semiconductor laser device, YAG laser device, fiber laser device, or CO2 laser device may be a pulsed output.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, as the arc generation means 10, a MAG welding apparatus or a MIG welding apparatus can be used. As a shielding gas for the MAG welding apparatus, CO2 or a mixed gas of CO2 and argon may be used. As a shielding gas for the MIG welding apparatus, argon gas or argon gas to which a small amount of CO 2 or O 2 is added may be used. The output of the MAG welding apparatus or MIG welding apparatus may be a pulsed output.

  In the above embodiment, as the laser condition calculation means, the material of the workpiece, the joint shape, the welding posture, and the arc condition of the arc generation means are input, and the laser output P of the laser generation means is output. A fuzzy reasoner may be used.

  In the above embodiment, the laser output P as the laser condition for laser welding is calculated from the laser condition calculation means 12 as needed based on the welding current I and the welding voltage V as the arc conditions for arc welding, and is sent to the control means 13. Output and control of the laser generating means 1, but in a certain arc welding current I range, using a certain fixed laser output P, combined with the welding conditions of arc welding in this welding current range May be used. At this time, the welding speed of the resulting composite welding can be estimated using the laser output P to be used and the arc conditions of arc welding.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a composite welding method in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The present embodiment comprises an arc effective input heat amount calculation step 24, a laser effective input heat amount ratio calculation step 25, and a laser output calculation step 26.

The operation of the above embodiment will be described. In the arc effective input heat amount calculation step 24, the welding current I and welding voltage V of arc welding are input, and the arc effective input heat amount βIV is calculated in consideration of the arc efficiency β. In the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculation step 25, when the normalized welding speed V _nor is set based on the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the laser effective input heat amount ratio η as shown in FIG. The effective input heat amount ratio η is calculated.

In the laser output calculation step 26, the calculated values of the arc effective input heat amount calculation step 24 and the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculation step 25 are input, and the laser output P is determined in consideration of the laser absorption rate α ₀ of the work 6 to be welded. calculate.

  A predetermined welding speed can be obtained by combining the laser output P calculated as described above, the welding current I and the welding voltage V of the arc welding.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the laser conditions for laser welding can be automatically calculated based on the arc conditions for arc welding, simplifying the setting of the welding conditions and setting the welding conditions. Can be centralized.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a composite welding method in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, an arc effective input heat amount calculation step 24, a laser effective input heat amount ratio calculation step 25, a laser output calculation step 26, a condensing density calculation step 27, a laser absorption rate calculation step 28, and a determination step 29.

  In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the place which has the structure, operation | movement, and effect similar to embodiment shown in FIG. 8, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted, and it demonstrates centering on a different part.

The operation of the above embodiment will be described. In the arc effective input heat amount calculation step 24, the welding current I and welding voltage V of arc welding are input, and the arc effective input heat amount βIV is calculated in consideration of the arc efficiency β. In the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculation step 25, when the normalized welding speed V _nor is set based on the relationship between the normalized welding speed V _nor and the laser effective input heat amount ratio η as shown in FIG. The effective input heat amount ratio η is calculated.

In the laser output calculation step 26, the calculated values of the arc effective input heat amount calculation step 24 and the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculation step 25 are input, and the laser absorption rate α ₀ set in advance is used in the first calculation. The output P is calculated. In the subsequent calculation, the laser output P is calculated using the updated laser absorption rate α ₀ .

  In the condensing density calculating step 27, the calculated value of the laser output P in the laser output calculating step 26 and the condensing diameter φ at the workpiece 6 are input, and the condensing density is calculated.

In the laser absorptivity calculation step 28, the laser absorptance α ₁ is calculated according to the relationship shown in FIG.

In the determination step 29, it is determined whether or not the laser absorption rate α ₁ calculated from the laser absorption rate calculation step 28 satisfies a predetermined condition. Only when the predetermined condition is not satisfied, the laser absorption rate α calculated from the laser absorption rate calculation step 28 is determined. ₁ is stored as the laser absorption rate α ₀ , and the process is repeated from the laser output calculation step 26.

  A predetermined normalized welding speed can be obtained by combining the laser output P calculated as described above, the welding current I and the welding voltage V of the arc welding.

The predetermined condition used in the determination step 28 is that a difference between the newly calculated laser absorption rate α ₁ and the previously calculated laser absorption rate α ₀ is lower than a predetermined value set in advance.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the laser conditions for laser welding can be automatically calculated based on the arc conditions for arc welding, simplifying the setting of welding conditions and setting the welding conditions. Can be centralized.

(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a composite welding system in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. 31 includes a weld object material input unit 32 for inputting the material M _B of the weldment, the welded object thickness input unit 33 for inputting the thickness t of the object to be welded, the surface condition S of the object to be welded the welded object surface condition input section 34 for inputting, type wire material input unit 35 for inputting the material M _W of the welding wire, the wire diameter input unit 36 for inputting the diameter phi _W of the welding wire, the welding position WP a welding position input unit 37, and the welding speed input unit 38 for inputting the welding speed V _W, and inputs the output value of the arc condition input section 39 for inputting the welding current I and the current V as arc condition, laser The composite welding control device 31 calculates the output P and controls the laser welding device 40 and the arc welding device 41.

The operation of the above embodiment will be described. Note that detailed description of operations and effects similar to those of the first embodiment will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described. The hybrid welding control apparatus 31, and the material M _B of the weldment, and the plate thickness t of the object to be welded, the surface condition S of the object to be welded, and the material M _W of the welding wire, the diameter phi _W of the welding wire, When welding position WP, welding speed V _W , welding current I and welding current V as arc conditions are input, welding current I, welding current V and welding speed V _W as arc conditions are used. Based on the equations (1) and (2), the laser output P is calculated by the method shown in the first embodiment.

As described above, equation (2), and the material M _B of the weldment, and the plate thickness t of the object to be welded, the surface condition S of the object to be welded, and the material M _W of the welding wire, welding wire diameter φ Since it varies depending on _W and the welding posture WP, the laser output P is calculated using the corresponding one. Since the specific calculation method is the same as that of FIG. 4, the detailed description thereof is omitted. However, the normalized welding speed V _nor in the case of using the expression (2) is the composite welding control apparatus 31 and the welding speed V _Hybrid of the composite welding set from the welding speed input unit 38 as shown in the expression (3). _Is calculated by the equation (3) using the arc welding welding speed V _arc stored in (3).

  When the laser output P is calculated, the composite welding control device 31 outputs the calculated laser output P to the laser welding device 40 and also outputs arc conditions to the arc welding device 41 so that the laser welding device 40 and the arc are connected. The welding apparatus 41 is controlled to perform a welding operation.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the laser conditions for laser welding can be automatically calculated based on arc conditions for arc welding, simplifying the setting of welding conditions and setting the welding conditions Can be unified.

In the above embodiment, as a combined welding control apparatus 31, and the material M _B of the weldment, and the plate thickness t of the object to be welded, the surface condition S of the object to be welded, and the material M _W of the welding wire, welding wire the diameter phi _W of a welding position WP, the input and the welding speed V _W, the welding current I as an arc condition and the welding current V, using those with fuzzy inference means and outputs a laser output P May be.

  In the above embodiment, a welding robot may be used as the composite welding control device 31. The welding robot at that time may have a function of calculating the laser output P possessed by the composite control device 31.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, as the laser welding apparatus 40, a semiconductor laser apparatus, YAG
Laser devices, fiber laser devices or CO2 laser devices may be used.

  In the above embodiment, as the arc welding device 41, a MAG welding device or an MIG welding device may be used.

(Embodiment 5)
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a composite welding system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In this embodiment, a composite welding control device 43 is used instead of the composite welding control device 31 in the fourth embodiment. The composite welding control device 43 is obtained by adding a focused diameter input unit 42 to the composite welding control device 31.

  In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the place which has the structure, operation | movement, and effect similar to embodiment shown in FIG. 10, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted, and it demonstrates centering on a different part.

The operation of the above embodiment will be described. The hybrid welding control apparatus 43, and the material M _B of the weldment, and the plate thickness t of the object to be welded, the surface condition S of the object to be welded, and the material M _W of the welding wire, the diameter phi _W of the welding wire, When welding position WP, welding speed V _W , welding current I and welding current V as arc conditions, and condensing diameter φ are input, welding current I and welding current V and welding speed V as arc conditions are input. _The laser output P is calculated by the method shown in the first embodiment based on the equations (1), (2), and (3) using _W and the condensing diameter φ.

Since the specific calculation method is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 6, the detailed description thereof is omitted. However, the normalized welding speed V _nor in the case of using the expression (2) is the composite welding control apparatus 43 and the welding speed V _Hybrid of the composite welding set from the welding speed input unit 38 as shown in the expression (3). _Is calculated by the welding speed V _{arc of} arc welding stored in Here, although the welding speed of the composite welding is represented by the symbol V _Hybrid , it is the same as the output Vw of the welding speed input unit 38 shown in FIG.

  When the laser output P is calculated, the composite welding control device 43 outputs the calculated laser output P to the laser welding device 40, and also outputs arc conditions to the arc welding device 41. The welding apparatus 41 is controlled to perform a welding operation.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the laser conditions for laser welding can be automatically calculated based on the arc conditions for arc welding, simplifying the setting of welding conditions and setting the welding conditions Can be unified.

In the above embodiment, as a combined welding control apparatus 43, and the material M _B of the weldment, and the plate thickness t of the object to be welded, the surface condition S of the object to be welded, and the material M _W of the welding wire, Fuzzy inference with welding wire diameter φ _W , welding posture WP, welding speed V _W , welding current I and welding current V as arc conditions, and condensing diameter φ as input and laser output P as output You may use what provided the means.

  The first to fifth embodiments of the present invention are configured to calculate the laser conditions (output P) of laser welding based on the arc conditions (current I, voltage V, etc.) of arc welding in any case. . The arc conditions (current I, voltage V, etc.) of arc welding may be calculated based on the laser conditions (output P, condensing diameter φ) of laser welding by the same method. Needless to say, the welding voltage V as a welding condition at this time is such that stable welding can be obtained at the same welding current I.

  As described above, the composite welding apparatus, the welding method thereof, and the composite welding system according to the present invention can calculate the laser condition from the arc condition, simplify the setting of the welding condition and unify the setting of the welding condition. And can be applied to control of a composite welding apparatus.

The block diagram which shows the composite welding apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. (A) Relationship diagram between maximum welding speed V _max and laser output P in reverse wave welding in the first embodiment (b) Relationship between normalized welding speed V _nor and laser effective input heat ratio η in the first embodiment Figure Relationship diagram between normalized welding speed _Vnor and laser effective input heat ratio η in the first embodiment Explanatory drawing which shows the specific example of the laser condition calculating means 12 in the same Embodiment 1. Relationship diagram between laser absorptance α (coupling rate) and condensing density Explanatory drawing which shows the specific example of the laser condition calculating means 12 in the same Embodiment 1. Relationship between laser absorptance α (coupling rate) and condensing density, and procedure diagram for calculating laser absorptance α Flowchart showing the composite welding method in the second embodiment Flowchart showing the composite welding method in the third embodiment The block diagram which shows the compound welding apparatus in Embodiment 4 The block diagram which shows the compound welding apparatus in the same Embodiment 5

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laser generating means 2 Laser oscillator 3 Laser transmission means 4 Condensing optical system 5 Laser light 6 To-be-welded object 7 Welding wire 8 Wire feeding means 9 Torch 10 Arc generating means 11 Welding arc 12 Laser condition calculating means 13 Control means 14 Arc Output calculation unit 15 Coefficient input unit 16 Laser output calculation unit 17 Coefficient input unit 18 Speed input unit 19 Allowable error setting unit 20 Coefficient calculation unit 21 Output unit 22 Laser output calculation unit 23 Coefficient input unit 24 Arc effective input heat amount calculation step 25 Laser Effective input heat ratio calculation step 26 Laser output calculation step 27 Condensation density calculation step 28 Laser absorption rate calculation step 29 Judgment step 30 End step 31 Composite welding control device 32 Work piece material input part 33 Work piece thickness 34 Work piece Object surface state input part 35 With wire material Part 36 wire diameter input unit 37 welding position input unit 38 the welding speed input unit 39 arc condition input unit 40 laser welding apparatus 41 arc welding apparatus 42 converging diameter input unit 43 hybrid welding controller

Claims (20)

Laser welding for irradiating a welding position of a workpiece to be welded with a laser beam, and supplying a welding wire to the welding position of the workpiece, and arc discharge between the welding wire and the workpiece In a composite welding apparatus for simultaneously welding the welding position of the workpiece by arc welding for welding the workpiece from the welding wire, the welding wire is fed to the welding position of the workpiece, and the welding wire and the welding position An arc generating means for generating an arc between the laser generating means, a laser generating means for generating a laser beam to irradiate a welding position of an object to be welded, and a laser condition of the laser generating means based on an arc condition of the arc generating means And a control means for controlling the laser generating means based on the laser condition calculated from the laser condition calculating means. 2. The composite welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser condition calculation means calculates the laser output so that the laser effective input heat ratio to the workpiece is within a preset range. The composite welding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the laser effective input heat ratio to the workpiece is 40 to 70%. The composite welding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the laser effective input heat ratio to the workpiece is at least one function of the material, joint shape, and welding posture of the workpiece. The laser condition calculation means is a fuzzy inference device that inputs the material of the workpiece, the joint shape, the welding posture, and the arc conditions of the arc generation means and outputs the laser output of the laser generation means. The composite welding apparatus as described. 6. The composite welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser condition calculation means calculates the laser output in consideration of a change in the laser absorption rate due to the light collection density. 7. The composite welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser generating means is a semiconductor laser device, a YAG laser device, a fiber laser device, or a CO2 laser device. The composite welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the arc generating means is a MAG welding apparatus or an MIG welding apparatus. Input the welding current and welding voltage of arc welding, input the arc effective input heat amount calculation step to calculate the arc effective input heat amount, and input the relationship between the normalized welding speed and the laser effective input heat amount ratio in advance, and normalize welding When the speed is set, the calculated values of the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculating step for calculating the laser effective input heat amount ratio based on the speed, the arc effective input heat amount calculating step, and the laser effective input heat amount ratio calculating step are input. And a laser output calculation step of calculating a laser output. Input the welding current and welding voltage of arc welding and calculate the arc effective input heat amount calculation step to calculate the arc effective input heat amount, and the relationship between the normalized welding speed and the laser effective input heat amount ratio is input in advance and normalized welding When the speed is set, a laser effective input heat amount ratio calculating step for calculating a laser effective input heat amount ratio based thereon, the arc effective input heat amount, the laser effective input heat amount ratio, and a preset laser absorption rate are calculated. A laser output calculation step for inputting and calculating a laser output; a condensing density calculating step for calculating a condensing density by inputting the laser output and a condensing diameter on the surface of the workpiece; and the condensing density. A laser absorptance calculating step for calculating a laser absorptance based on a relationship between a preset laser absorptance and a focused density, and the calculated laser Yield and a determination step of determining whether a predetermined condition is satisfied,
A composite welding method in which the laser output is calculated again using the calculated laser absorption rate only when the calculated laser absorption rate does not satisfy a predetermined condition. Laser welding for irradiating a welding position of a workpiece to be welded with a laser beam, and supplying a welding wire to the welding position of the workpiece, and arc discharge between the welding wire and the workpiece A combined welding method for setting laser conditions for laser welding based on arc conditions for arc welding in a combined welding apparatus for simultaneously welding the welding positions of the objects to be welded by arc welding for welding the objects to be welded. The composite welding method according to claim 11, wherein the laser condition is set such that a laser effective input heat ratio to the workpiece is within a predetermined range set in advance. The composite welding method according to claim 12, wherein the laser effective input heat ratio to the workpiece is 40 to 70%. The composite welding method according to claim 12, wherein the laser effective input heat ratio to the workpiece is at least one function of the material, joint shape, and welding posture of the workpiece. A laser welding apparatus for irradiating a welding position of a workpiece to be welded with a laser beam, and supplying a welding wire to the welding position of the workpiece, and an arc between the welding wire and the workpiece. In an arc welding apparatus that welds an object to be welded from an electric discharge and a composite welding system that simultaneously welds the welding position of the object to be welded by a composite welding control apparatus, the material of the object to be welded, the plate thickness of the object to be welded, When the surface condition of the welded material, the material of the welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire, the welding attitude, the welding speed, and the arc condition are input to the composite welding control device, the composite welding control device receives the various inputs. A composite welding system that calculates a laser condition based on the control and controls the arc welding apparatus and the laser welding apparatus. The composite welding control device includes the material of the workpiece, the plate thickness of the workpiece, the surface state of the workpiece, the material of the welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire, the welding posture, the welding speed, the arc The composite welding system according to claim 15, further comprising fuzzy reasoning means for inputting the conditions and outputting the laser conditions. The composite welding control device includes the material of the workpiece, the plate thickness of the workpiece, the surface state of the workpiece, the material of the welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire, the welding posture, the welding speed, the arc The composite welding system according to claim 15, further comprising fuzzy reasoning means for receiving the laser beam condition and the condensing diameter of the welding position of the workpiece to be welded with laser light as input. The composite welding system according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the composite welding control device is a welding robot. The composite welding system according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the laser welding apparatus is a semiconductor laser apparatus, a YAG laser apparatus, a fiber laser apparatus, or a CO2 laser apparatus. The composite welding system according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the arc welding apparatus is a MAG welding apparatus or an MIG welding apparatus.

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