JP2005237365A - Medium for culturing cell - Google Patents

Medium for culturing cell Download PDF

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JP2005237365A
JP2005237365A JP2004093750A JP2004093750A JP2005237365A JP 2005237365 A JP2005237365 A JP 2005237365A JP 2004093750 A JP2004093750 A JP 2004093750A JP 2004093750 A JP2004093750 A JP 2004093750A JP 2005237365 A JP2005237365 A JP 2005237365A
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cells
serum
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Mutsumi Takagi
睦 高木
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Takagi Mutsumi
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medium for culturing cells without risk of contamination of a pathogen to human caused by adding mammal serum such as bovine serum to the medium. <P>SOLUTION: The medium for culturing animal cells contains fish serum instead of mammal serum. The medium for culturing mammal cells contains at least fish serum. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

発明の詳細な説明Detailed Description of the Invention

本発明は、魚類動物血清を用いた細胞培養用培地に係わる。The present invention relates to a cell culture medium using fish animal serum.

従来の技術とその課題Conventional technology and its problems

細胞工学技術の進歩に伴い、これまでに様々な動物の細胞が単離されている。そして、これらの細胞は、さらなる研究や応用のために培養、増殖されている。
しかし、一般に細胞培養、特に細胞増殖を行う際には、アミノ酸、ビタミン、糖、無機塩類からなる基礎培地に細胞増殖因子として10〜20%のウシ、ウマなどの哺乳類動物血清を添加した培地が用いられる。これら哺乳類動物血清は大量生産ができず非常に高価である上に、その組成は個体差(ロット差)が大きい。1ロットの量が限られているため、ロット変更のたび毎にロットチェック、培養条件の調整や管理等の煩雑な操作が必要となる。その上に、細胞培養によって医薬品や再生組織などヒトの医療に供する生産物を生産する場合は、異種動物由来タンパク質の生産物への混入や異種動物由来病原体の混入など、特に大きな問題が生ずる。厳重な品質管理が必要とされる医療用生産物の製造においては、これらは非常に重大な問題である。なかでも最近特にウシ由来のプリオンなどの未知の病原因子やトリインフルエンザウイルスが、ウシ、ブタなど哺乳類動物やニワトリなど鳥類動物の臓器、組織、卵や血清を介して混入する可能性が問題となっている。これらの理由により医薬品生産や治療用再生組織生産などの医療用途の細胞培養には、ウシをはじめとする異種動物、特にヒトに関して異種の哺乳類動物血清を含有しない培地の開発が望まれている。しかしながら、無血清条件下における培養では血清添加時と同程度の細胞の増殖を得ることは困難である。また、血清の増殖促進作用を部分的に代替しうる添加物は種々開発されているが、上記のような品質管理の観点から、血清の作用を代替する添加する成分はなるべく少なくした方がよいにもかかわらず、少なくとも数種類から10種類に及ぶ血清代替添加物の混合添加が必要であるのが現状である。また、医薬品や再生組織が適用される患者と同種であり、上記の品質上の問題が極めて少ないヒト血清に関しては、倫理的および社会的観点から、このような目的に使用することは極めて困難であるのが現状である。
With the advancement of cell engineering technology, various animal cells have been isolated so far. These cells are then cultured and expanded for further research and applications.
However, in general, when performing cell culture, particularly cell growth, a medium in which 10 to 20% of mammalian serum such as bovine and horse is added as a cell growth factor to a basic medium composed of amino acids, vitamins, sugars and inorganic salts. Used. These mammalian sera cannot be mass-produced and are very expensive, and their composition varies greatly between individuals (lot differences). Since the amount of one lot is limited, complicated operations such as lot check, adjustment and management of culture conditions are required each time the lot is changed. In addition, when producing products for human medical care such as pharmaceuticals and regenerative tissues by cell culture, particularly serious problems such as contamination of heterologous animal-derived proteins and contamination of heterologous animal-derived pathogens arise. These are very serious problems in the production of medical products that require strict quality control. In particular, the possibility of contamination by unknown pathogenic factors such as prions derived from cattle and avian influenza viruses via organs, tissues, eggs and serum of mammals such as cattle and pigs and birds such as chickens has recently become a problem. ing. For these reasons, for cell culture for medical use such as pharmaceutical production and production of regenerative tissue for treatment, it is desired to develop a medium that does not contain serum from heterologous animals such as cattle, particularly humans. However, in culture under serum-free conditions, it is difficult to obtain the same degree of cell growth as when serum is added. Various additives have been developed that can partially replace the growth-promoting action of serum. From the viewpoint of quality control as described above, it is better to add as few components as possible to replace the action of serum. Nevertheless, at present, it is necessary to add a mixture of serum substitute additives ranging from at least several to 10 kinds. In addition, it is extremely difficult to use human serum that is of the same type as patients to which pharmaceuticals and regenerative tissues are applied, and has very few quality problems as described above, from the ethical and social viewpoints. There is the present situation.

発明が解決しようとする課題Problems to be solved by the invention

本発明は、魚類動物血清を、ウシなど哺乳類動物血清の代わりに培地に添加することにより、ヒトに対する病原体混入の恐れのない細胞培養用培地を提供することを課題とする。It is an object of the present invention to provide a cell culture medium that does not cause contamination of pathogens to humans by adding fish animal serum to the medium instead of bovine mammal serum such as bovine.

課題を解決するための手段Means for solving the problem

上述の課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、本発明を完成させたものである。即ち、本発明は少なくとも、魚類動物血清を含むことを特徴とする動物細胞用培地に関する。
本発明の培地に添加される魚類動物血清の由来する魚類動物としては、サメ、エイなどの軟骨魚類、チョウザメなどの硬骨魚類、メクラウナギなどの無顎類、カツオ、サバ、タチウオ、イワシ、サケなどの赤身魚、カレイ、タイなどの白身魚などを例として挙げることができるがこれらに限られることはない。
この出願の発明の細胞培養用培地において用いられる標準培地は、培養する細胞種によって異なり、どのようなものであってもよい。例えば、通常動物細胞の培養に用いられるイスコフ培地、RPMI培地、ダルベッコMEM培地などの血清を含まない培地を用いることができる。また、標準培地は、細胞の増殖および維持に有効であることが知られている血清以外の公知または新規の物質、例えば、血清アルブミン、トランスフェリン、脂質、脂質酸源、コレステロール、ピルビン酸、グルココルチコイド、DNAおよびRNA合成用ヌクレオシド、増殖因子(例えば、表皮成長因子、線維芽細胞成長因子、血小板由来成長因子、およびインシュリン)、並びに細胞外マトリックス(例えば、コラーゲン、フィブロネクチン、およびラミニン)等を添加したものであってもよい。
この出願の発明において使用される哺乳類動物血清無血清培地は、実質的に全ての哺乳類動物血清が培地から除去されているものをいう。実際には、哺乳類動物血清濃度が培地の0.5%未満のものが哺乳類動物血清無血清培地として考慮される。
従来使用されている血清含有培地は、典型的には、血清を5%よりも多く、40%以下含むものであることから、この出願の発明の細胞培養用培地において使用される血清濃度は極めて低濃度であるといえる。
この出願の発明の細胞培養用培地を用いて培養される細胞は、昆虫および動物由来の細胞であればよく、とくに限定されない。動物としては、鳥類、爬虫類、両生類、魚類、哺乳類などが例示される。哺乳類動物としては、例えば、ヒト、サル、ウシ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ウマ、ネズミなどが挙げられるが、とくに限定されない。また、この出願の発明の細胞培養用培地で培養されるこれらの細胞は、動物から採取してから一般的に50回程度までの限られた回数のみ分裂、増殖できる初代細胞であっても、動物細胞から採取された後、一般に50回以上の多数回分裂、増殖できる細胞株であってもよい。
初代細胞の例としては、ラットの初代肝細胞、マウス初代骨髄細胞、ブタ初代肝細胞、ヒト初代臍帯血細胞などが挙げられる。一方、細胞株としては、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞株CHO細胞、ヒト子宮癌細胞株HeLa、アフリカミドリザル腎細胞株Vero細胞、ヒト肝癌細胞株Huh7細胞などが例示される。
これらの細胞株の中でも、とくにチャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞株(CHO細胞)が医薬品生産などの目的で工業的に多用されており好ましい。このようなCHO細胞としては、CHO−K1株(ATCC CCL61)、CHO1−15500株(ATCCCRL−9606)、CHO DG44株などが例示される。
本発明におけるヒト細胞は、造血系細胞や間葉系細胞を含む中胚葉組織細胞、内胚葉組織細胞、外胚葉組織細胞あるいは受精卵からこれらの細胞へ分化する過程に含まれるあらゆる細胞、および胚性幹細胞などの幹細胞のいずれでもよい。本発明における造血系細胞とは、例えば、造血幹細胞、造血前駆細胞、赤血球細胞、リンパ球細胞、顆粒球細胞、血小板細胞などを指す。
本発明における間葉系細胞とは、骨細胞、軟骨細胞、筋細胞、腱細胞、脂肪細胞、毛乳頭細胞、歯髄細胞などの組織学的にいうところの結合組織の細胞およびこれらの細胞に分化する能力を有する細胞を指す。細胞形態としては、繊維芽細胞、脂肪細胞などがある。間葉系細胞の存在する組織としては、骨、軟骨、筋肉、腱、脂肪組織、毛乳頭、歯髄などを例として挙げることができる。またこれら以外の、血管、肝臓、膵臓などの実質臓器の内部や周囲にも存在し、さらに骨髄や臍帯の中にも存在する。骨髄中には、多くの結合組織細胞への多分化能を有した細胞(間葉系幹細胞)の存在が報告されているが、これも本発明における間葉系細胞のひとつである。また骨髄液や臍帯血など由来の間葉系細胞を増殖せしめる場合、骨髄液や臍帯血などの細胞懸濁液から定法に従ってフィコール溶液などを用いた密度勾配遠心分離法により分離した間葉系細胞を播種して増殖させてもよいし、このような分離ステップを経ずに骨髄液や臍帯血を直接培養器に播種しその中に含まれる間葉系細胞を増殖せしめてもよい。
本発明における内胚葉組織細胞とは、たとえば膵臓細胞や膵臓幹細胞、肝細胞や肝肝細胞、胆管細胞などの組織学的に言う内胚葉組織に含まれる細胞及びそれらの幹細胞を含む。
本発明における外胚葉組織細胞とは、たとえばニューロン細胞、アストロサイト細胞やオリゴデンドロサイト細胞など神経細胞などの組織学的に言う外胚葉組織に含まれる細胞及びそれらの幹細胞たとえば神経幹細胞を含む。
この出願の発明の細胞培養用培地は、以上に例示される細胞に限らず、これらの細胞に対して、プラスミドの導入やウィルス感染などの手段により遺伝子操作を施して得られた細胞の培養にも用いることができるものである。
以下、添付した図面に沿って実施例を示し、この発明の実施の形態についてさらに詳しく説明する。もちろん、この発明は以下の例に限定されるものではなく、細部については様々な態様が可能であることは言うまでもない。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention relates to an animal cell culture medium characterized by containing at least fish animal serum.
Fish animals derived from the fish animal serum added to the medium of the present invention include cartilage fish such as shark and ray, teleost fish such as sturgeon, jawless fish such as larvae, skipjack, mackerel, prickly fish, sardine, salmon, etc. Examples include red fish, flounder, white fish such as Thailand, but are not limited to these.
The standard medium used in the cell culture medium of the invention of this application varies depending on the cell type to be cultured, and any medium may be used. For example, a serum-free medium such as Iskov medium, RPMI medium, Dulbecco MEM medium, ordinarily used for animal cell culture, can be used. The standard medium is a known or novel substance other than serum known to be effective for cell growth and maintenance, such as serum albumin, transferrin, lipid, lipid acid source, cholesterol, pyruvate, glucocorticoid , Nucleosides for DNA and RNA synthesis, growth factors (eg, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin), and extracellular matrix (eg, collagen, fibronectin, and laminin) It may be a thing.
The mammalian serum-free medium used in the invention of this application refers to a medium in which substantially all mammalian serum has been removed from the medium. In practice, a mammalian serum concentration of less than 0.5% of the medium is considered as a mammalian serum-free medium.
Since the serum-containing medium conventionally used typically contains more than 5% and not more than 40% of serum, the serum concentration used in the cell culture medium of the invention of this application is extremely low. You can say that.
Cells cultured using the cell culture medium of the invention of this application are not particularly limited as long as they are cells derived from insects and animals. Examples of animals include birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, mammals and the like. Examples of mammals include, but are not limited to, humans, monkeys, cows, pigs, sheep, horses, mice and the like. Further, even if these cells cultured in the cell culture medium of the invention of this application are primary cells that can divide and proliferate only a limited number of times, generally up to about 50 times after being collected from an animal, It may be a cell line that can divide and proliferate 50 times or more after being collected from animal cells.
Examples of primary cells include rat primary hepatocytes, mouse primary bone marrow cells, porcine primary hepatocytes, human primary umbilical cord blood cells, and the like. On the other hand, examples of cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO cell, human uterine cancer cell line HeLa, African green monkey kidney cell line Vero cell, human hepatoma cell line Huh7 cell and the like.
Among these cell lines, the Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO cell) is particularly preferred because it is widely used industrially for the purpose of producing pharmaceuticals. Examples of such CHO cells include CHO-K1 strain (ATCC CCL61), CHO1-15500 strain (ATCC CRL-9606), and CHO DG44 strain.
The human cells in the present invention include mesoderm tissue cells including hematopoietic cells and mesenchymal cells, endoderm tissue cells, ectoderm tissue cells or any cells included in the process of differentiation from fertilized eggs to these cells, and embryos. Any of stem cells such as sex stem cells may be used. The hematopoietic cells in the present invention refer to, for example, hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, red blood cells, lymphocyte cells, granulocyte cells, platelet cells and the like.
The mesenchymal cells in the present invention are cells of connective tissues such as bone cells, chondrocytes, muscle cells, tendon cells, adipocytes, dermal papilla cells, and dental pulp cells, and differentiation into these cells. Refers to cells that have the ability to Cell forms include fibroblasts and adipocytes. Examples of tissues in which mesenchymal cells are present include bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, adipose tissue, hair papilla, and dental pulp. In addition to these, it is also present in and around the parenchymal organs such as blood vessels, liver and pancreas, and also in the bone marrow and umbilical cord. The presence of cells (mesenchymal stem cells) having multipotency into many connective tissue cells has been reported in the bone marrow, and this is also one of the mesenchymal cells in the present invention. In addition, when proliferating mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow fluid or umbilical cord blood, mesenchymal cells separated from a cell suspension such as bone marrow fluid or umbilical cord blood by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll solution according to a conventional method. May be seeded and allowed to grow, or the bone marrow fluid or umbilical cord blood may be directly seeded in the incubator without passing through such a separation step, and the mesenchymal cells contained therein may be allowed to grow.
The endoderm tissue cells in the present invention include, for example, cells contained in histologically referred to endoderm tissues such as pancreatic cells, pancreatic stem cells, hepatocytes, hepatic liver cells, bile duct cells, and stem cells thereof.
The ectoderm tissue cells in the present invention include cells contained in histologically referred to ectoderm tissues such as neuronal cells such as neuronal cells, astrocyte cells and oligodendrocyte cells, and their stem cells such as neural stem cells.
The cell culture medium of the invention of this application is not limited to the cells exemplified above, but for culturing cells obtained by performing genetic manipulation on these cells by means such as introduction of a plasmid or viral infection. Can also be used.
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and it goes without saying that various aspects are possible in detail.

<実施例1>
チャイニーズハ厶スター卵巣細胞(CHO細胞1−15500株;ATCC CRL−9606)6×10個を無血清または10%のウシ胎児血清あるいは10%のマグロ血清を含むHam’sF−12培地30mlに接種し、100ml容ガラス製攪拌培養容器を用いて、5%CO、95%空気を通気しながら、温度37℃、攪拌速度70rpmの条件で6日間培養した。
培養6日後に培養液をサンプリングし、生細胞濃度をトリパンブルー染色法により測定した。
結果を表1に示した。

Figure 2005237365
表1より、10%ウシ胎児血清存在下、10%マグロ血清存在下のいずれの場合においても、生細胞密度が、血清を含まない無血清培地での培養の生細胞密度の約20倍以上高く得られることが明らかになった。<Example 1>
6 × 10 6 Chinese Huster ovary cells (CHO cells 1-15500 strain; ATCC CRL-9606) in 30 ml of Ham's F-12 medium containing serum-free or 10% fetal bovine serum or 10% tuna serum Inoculated and cultured in a 100 ml glass stirred culture vessel for 6 days under conditions of a temperature of 37 ° C. and a stirring speed of 70 rpm with aeration of 5% CO 2 and 95% air.
The culture solution was sampled after 6 days of culture and the viable cell concentration was measured by trypan blue staining.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Figure 2005237365
From Table 1, in any case in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and 10% tuna serum, the viable cell density is about 20 times higher than the viable cell density of the culture in the serum-free medium without serum. It became clear that it was obtained.

発明の効果The invention's effect

以上詳しく説明したとおり、この発明によって、細胞培養において、哺乳類動物血清を添加することなく動物細胞を培養できる哺乳類動物血清無血清または哺乳類動物血清低血清の細胞培養用培地が提供される。  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a cell culture medium of mammalian serum-free serum or mammalian serum-low serum that can culture animal cells without adding mammalian serum in cell culture is provided.

この発明の実施例において、CHO細胞をこの出願の発明の培養用培地で6日間培養した際の細胞増殖成績を示した表である。  In the Example of this invention, it is the table | surface which showed the cell growth result when CHO cell was cultured for 6 days with the culture medium of invention of this application.

Claims (6)

少なくとも魚類動物の血清を含有することを特徴とする動物細胞培養用培地。  An animal cell culture medium, comprising at least serum of a fish animal. 少なくとも魚類動物の血清を含有することを特徴とする哺乳類動物細胞培養用培地。  A mammalian cell culture medium comprising at least serum of a fish animal. 少なくとも魚類動物の血清を含有することを特徴とする昆虫細胞培養用培地。  An insect cell culture medium comprising at least a fish animal serum. 少なくとも魚類動物の血清を含有することを特徴とするヒト細胞培養用培地。  A medium for culturing human cells, comprising at least serum of fish animals. 哺乳類血清濃度が0.5%未満である請求項1ないし4のいずれかの細胞培養用培地。  The culture medium for cell culture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mammalian serum concentration is less than 0.5%. 哺乳類血清濃度が実質的に0%である請求項1ないし4のいずれかの細胞培養用培地。  The cell culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mammalian serum concentration is substantially 0%.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012120515A (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-06-28 Nagoya Univ Culture medium additive and use thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012120515A (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-06-28 Nagoya Univ Culture medium additive and use thereof

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