JP2005219704A - Air-conditioner for vehicle - Google Patents

Air-conditioner for vehicle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2005219704A
JP2005219704A JP2004032156A JP2004032156A JP2005219704A JP 2005219704 A JP2005219704 A JP 2005219704A JP 2004032156 A JP2004032156 A JP 2004032156A JP 2004032156 A JP2004032156 A JP 2004032156A JP 2005219704 A JP2005219704 A JP 2005219704A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
primary
compressor
circuit
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2004032156A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Seiichi Yamamoto
清一 山本
Jiro Iizuka
二郎 飯塚
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanden Corp
Original Assignee
Sanden Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanden Corp filed Critical Sanden Corp
Priority to JP2004032156A priority Critical patent/JP2005219704A/en
Publication of JP2005219704A publication Critical patent/JP2005219704A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-conditioner for a vehicle capable of sufficiently providing cooling capacity while securing durability of a compressor when a dual refrigerant cycle is employed. <P>SOLUTION: The air-conditioner comprises a primary side circuit 6 that is disposed in an engine room 2 of the vehicle and circulates a primary refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18, and a secondary side circuit 30 that cools a secondary refrigerant using a freezing capacity obtained by the primary side circuit and circulates the secondary refrigerant to perform the air-conditioning in the cabin 28 of the vehicle. The primary side circuit employs a freezing machine that reduces the friction in the compressor and has a relation of non-compatibility with respect to this primary refrigerant. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、車両用空調装置に係り、詳しくは、圧縮機で圧縮した1次冷媒を循環させる1次側回路と、2次冷媒を循環させて車室内の空調を行う2次側回路とから構成される車両用空調装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner, and more specifically, from a primary side circuit that circulates a primary refrigerant compressed by a compressor and a secondary side circuit that circulates a secondary refrigerant and air-conditions a vehicle interior. The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner configured.

近年、車両用空調装置の冷媒には、オゾン層の保護や地球温暖化の防止の観点から自然系冷媒などの開発及び検討がなされている。この冷媒には、CO2か、又はプロパンガスや代替フロンHFC−152aの如くの可燃性冷媒が挙げられる。特に、当該HFC−152aでは冷媒の温暖化係数(GWP)がHFC−134aのGWPの約1/10となる。また、他の代替冷媒としてはアンモニアの如くの毒性を有する冷媒も挙げられる。そして、この種の車両用空調装置によれば環境負荷の低減に大きく貢献することが知られている。 In recent years, natural refrigerants have been developed and studied as refrigerants for vehicle air conditioners from the viewpoint of protecting the ozone layer and preventing global warming. This refrigerant may be CO 2 or a flammable refrigerant such as propane gas or alternative chlorofluorocarbon HFC-152a. In particular, in the HFC-152a, the global warming potential (GWP) of the refrigerant is about 1/10 of the GWP of HFC-134a. Another alternative refrigerant is a refrigerant having toxicity such as ammonia. And it is known that according to this kind of vehicle air conditioner, it contributes greatly to the reduction of environmental load.

しかしながら、これらの可燃性冷媒や毒性を有する冷媒が、その冷凍回路中の機器や冷媒の循環経路から万一車室内に洩れてしまうと、引火する虞などの懸念が大きい。よって、その洩れ対策の一例として2元冷媒サイクルが存在する。
この2元冷媒サイクルとは、冷凍回路を、圧縮された冷媒を循環させる1次側回路と、ブライン(不凍液)等の2次冷媒を循環させる2次側回路とに分け、熱交換器を介して1次側回路で得られた冷凍能力を2次側回路の冷凍能力に変換し、この2次側回路が間接的に冷房を行う方式である。例えば車両用空調装置においては、1次側回路を車室外(エンジンルーム)に設置し、2次側回路を車室内に設置する。
However, there is a great concern that these flammable refrigerants and toxic refrigerants may ignite if they leak into the passenger compartment from the equipment in the refrigeration circuit or the refrigerant circulation path. Therefore, a binary refrigerant cycle exists as an example of measures against the leakage.
In this binary refrigerant cycle, the refrigeration circuit is divided into a primary side circuit that circulates compressed refrigerant and a secondary side circuit that circulates secondary refrigerant such as brine (antifreeze). Thus, the refrigeration capacity obtained in the primary circuit is converted into the refrigeration capacity of the secondary circuit, and the secondary circuit indirectly cools. For example, in a vehicle air conditioner, the primary circuit is installed outside the vehicle compartment (engine room), and the secondary circuit is installed in the vehicle compartment.

そして、この1次側回路を循環する可燃性冷媒が2次側回路内に洩れ出した場合にも、車室内の安全性を確保する車両用空調装置が開発されている(特許文献1)。
特開平10−338023号公報(段落番号0014〜0022、図1等)
An air conditioner for vehicles has been developed that ensures safety in the passenger compartment even when the combustible refrigerant circulating in the primary circuit leaks into the secondary circuit (Patent Document 1).
JP-A-10-338023 (paragraph numbers 0014 to 0022, FIG. 1 etc.)

ところで、上記1次側回路の如く圧縮された冷媒を循環させる冷凍サイクルでは、冷媒のみを循環させると圧縮機の焼き付き等が生じるので、冷媒にこの冷媒と相溶性の関係を有する冷凍機油を混ぜ、冷凍機油が溶解した冷媒を循環経路に流している。
しかしながら、この相溶性の関係を有する冷凍機油には、その機能として相反する二面性を備えている。
By the way, in the refrigeration cycle in which the compressed refrigerant is circulated as in the primary side circuit, if only the refrigerant is circulated, the compressor will be seized. Therefore, the refrigerant is mixed with refrigeration oil having a compatibility with the refrigerant. The refrigerant in which the refrigeration oil is dissolved flows through the circulation path.
However, the refrigerating machine oil having the compatibility relationship has two contradictory properties as functions.

すなわち、循環経路に流れている冷凍機油が圧縮機に良好に補給される良面や、冷媒の突沸を抑える良面を備えている一方で、循環経路に流れている冷凍機油が熱交換器の配管内等に付着して車両用空調装置の冷房能力を低下させる不良面を備えている。更に、冷媒に希釈されて冷凍機油の油膜強度が落ち、圧縮機内の潤滑性能が悪化して軸受寿命の低下や焼き付きを却って起こり易くさせる不良面をも備えている。この圧縮機の耐久性低下もまた、所望の吐出圧力を得られない等の点で装置の冷房能力の低下に繋がる。   In other words, it has a good aspect that the compressor oil flowing in the circulation path is well supplied to the compressor and a good aspect that suppresses bumping of the refrigerant, while the refrigerating machine oil flowing in the circulation path is the heat exchanger It has a defective surface that adheres to the inside of a pipe and reduces the cooling capacity of the vehicle air conditioner. In addition, the oil film strength of the refrigerating machine oil is reduced by being diluted with the refrigerant, and the lubrication performance in the compressor is deteriorated, so that a defective surface that makes it easy to cause a decrease in bearing life and seizure is provided. This decrease in the durability of the compressor also leads to a decrease in the cooling capacity of the apparatus in that a desired discharge pressure cannot be obtained.

また、2元冷媒サイクルでは、1次側回路のみから構成され直接的に冷却する冷凍回路に比して伝熱ロスが大きくなることに留意しなければならない。つまり、2元冷媒サイクルでは、可燃性冷媒による1次側回路の冷凍効果を2次側回路のブラインに伝達するステップと、このブラインが車室内の空気を冷却するステップとを要し、間接的な冷房しかできないからである。   In addition, it should be noted that in the two-way refrigerant cycle, the heat transfer loss is larger than that of a refrigeration circuit that is composed of only the primary side circuit and is directly cooled. That is, in the two-way refrigerant cycle, the step of transmitting the refrigeration effect of the primary side circuit by the flammable refrigerant to the brine of the secondary side circuit and the step of cooling the air in the passenger compartment by the brine are indirect. This is because only cooling is possible.

このように、2元冷媒サイクルを用いた車両用空調装置では、1次側回路のみから構成される冷凍回路を用いた場合に比して、その冷房能力の低下を特に回避しなければならない。しかしながら、前記従来の技術ではこの点について格別な配慮がなされていない。
本発明は、このような課題に鑑みてなされたもので、2元冷媒サイクルを採用した場合において、圧縮機の耐久性を確保しつつ、冷房能力を十分に得ることができる車両用空調装置を提供することを目的とする。
As described above, in the vehicle air conditioner using the binary refrigerant cycle, it is necessary to particularly avoid a decrease in the cooling capacity as compared with the case where the refrigeration circuit including only the primary circuit is used. However, no special consideration is given to this point in the prior art.
This invention was made in view of such a subject, and when adopting a two-way refrigerant cycle, the air conditioner for vehicles which can acquire sufficient cooling capacity, ensuring the endurance of a compressor. The purpose is to provide.

上記の目的を達成するべく、請求項1記載の車両用空調装置は、車両のエンジンルーム内に設けられ、圧縮機で圧縮した1次冷媒を循環させる1次側回路と、1次側回路で得られた冷凍能力を利用して2次冷媒を冷却し、2次冷媒を循環させて車両の車室内の空調を行う2次側回路とから構成され、1次側回路には、圧縮機での摩擦を軽減させ、且つ、1次冷媒に対して非相溶性の関係を有する冷凍機油が用いられることを特徴としている。   In order to achieve the above object, a vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 is provided in a vehicle engine room, and includes a primary side circuit for circulating a primary refrigerant compressed by a compressor, and a primary side circuit. The secondary refrigerant is cooled by using the obtained refrigeration capacity, and the secondary refrigerant is circulated to air-condition the vehicle interior. The primary circuit is provided with a compressor. The refrigerating machine oil that reduces the friction of the refrigerant and has an incompatible relationship with the primary refrigerant is used.

また、請求項2記載の発明では、1次側回路には、圧縮機の吐出口近傍に、1次冷媒と冷凍機油とを分離して冷凍機油を圧縮機に回収する油分離回収手段が配置されていることを特徴としている。
更に、請求項3記載の発明では、油分離回収手段は、圧縮機に備えられることを特徴としている。
In the invention according to claim 2, oil separation and recovery means for separating the primary refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil and collecting the refrigerating machine oil in the compressor is arranged in the vicinity of the discharge port of the compressor in the primary side circuit. It is characterized by being.
Further, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the oil separation and recovery means is provided in the compressor.

更にまた、請求項4記載の発明では、1次側回路は、1次冷媒と2次冷媒との間で熱交換させる熱交換器を備え、圧縮機は、熱交換器の配設位置よりも低い位置に配設されることを特徴としている。
また、請求項5記載の発明では、1次側回路は、1次冷媒と2次冷媒との間で熱交換させる熱交換器を備え、熱交換器は、冷凍機油を圧縮機に帰還させる姿勢で配設されることを特徴としている。
Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 4, the primary circuit includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the primary refrigerant and the secondary refrigerant, and the compressor is located at a position higher than the position where the heat exchanger is disposed. It is characterized by being disposed at a low position.
In the invention according to claim 5, the primary circuit includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the primary refrigerant and the secondary refrigerant, and the heat exchanger returns the refrigeration oil to the compressor. It is characterized by being arranged by.

更に、請求項6記載の発明では、1次冷媒は、可燃性冷媒であることを特徴としている。
更にまた、請求項7記載の発明では、1次冷媒は、アンモニアであることを特徴としている。
Furthermore, the invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the primary refrigerant is a combustible refrigerant.
Furthermore, the invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the primary refrigerant is ammonia.

したがって、請求項1記載の本発明の車両用空調装置によれば、1次側回路の冷凍機油としては、1次冷媒と非相溶性の関係を有する潤滑油が用いられるので、この潤滑油は当該回路内を循環する1次冷媒によって希釈されることがない。この結果、1次冷媒との混合による冷凍機油の油膜強度の低下が防止され、圧縮機の耐久性の向上を図ることができる。ひいては所望の吐出圧力を得ることが可能となり、車両用空調装置の冷房能力の低下を防止できる。   Therefore, according to the vehicle air conditioner of the first aspect of the present invention, as the refrigerating machine oil for the primary circuit, a lubricating oil having an incompatible relationship with the primary refrigerant is used. It is not diluted by the primary refrigerant circulating in the circuit. As a result, the oil film strength of the refrigerating machine oil is prevented from being reduced by mixing with the primary refrigerant, and the durability of the compressor can be improved. As a result, a desired discharge pressure can be obtained, and a decrease in the cooling capacity of the vehicle air conditioner can be prevented.

また、請求項2記載の発明によれば、冷凍回路としての1次側回路中、圧縮機の近傍を除いた部位には冷凍機油が流れ込み難くなる。よって、例えば、1次側回路中の熱交換器について鑑みれば、この油が熱交換器の配管に付着し難くなり、装置の冷房能力の低下を確実に防止できる。
更に、請求項3記載の発明によれば、冷凍回路としての1次側回路に対して大きな設計変更を行うことなく、圧縮機の耐久性向上や装置の冷房能力の低下抑制を達成することができる。
Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is difficult for the refrigerating machine oil to flow into the portion of the primary side circuit as the refrigerating circuit except the vicinity of the compressor. Therefore, for example, in view of the heat exchanger in the primary circuit, this oil is less likely to adhere to the piping of the heat exchanger, and it is possible to reliably prevent a decrease in the cooling capacity of the apparatus.
Furthermore, according to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the durability of the compressor and suppress the decrease in the cooling capacity of the apparatus without making a major design change to the primary circuit as the refrigeration circuit. it can.

更にまた、請求項4記載の発明によれば、圧縮機が熱交換器よりも下部に配置されているので、仮に油分離回収手段で冷凍機油を分離回収できない場合があったとしても、この冷凍機油は圧縮機に帰還し易くなり、装置の冷房能力の低下をより確実に抑えることができる。
また、請求項5記載の発明によれば、仮に冷凍機油が1次側回路の循環経路を循環する場合であっても、この冷凍機油は、熱交換器内に溜まり難く圧縮機に向けて戻り易くなることから、この場合にも、この油が熱交換器に付着することによる装置の冷房能力の低下を抑えられる。
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 4, since the compressor is arranged below the heat exchanger, even if the oil separation and recovery means cannot separate and recover the refrigeration oil, The machine oil can easily return to the compressor, and the decrease in the cooling capacity of the apparatus can be more reliably suppressed.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, even if the refrigeration oil circulates in the circulation path of the primary circuit, the refrigeration oil hardly collects in the heat exchanger and returns toward the compressor. Since it becomes easy, also in this case, the fall of the cooling capability of the apparatus by this oil adhering to a heat exchanger can be suppressed.

更に、請求項6記載の発明によれば、可燃性冷媒を用いた場合にも圧縮機の耐久性向上や装置の冷房能力の低下抑制を達成できるし、特にHFC−134aに代替する可燃性冷媒を用いれば、地球温暖化の防止に繋がる。また、車室内の空調は2次側回路で行われるので、車室内の安全性も確保することができる。
更にまた、請求項7記載の発明によれば、この場合にも地球温暖化の防止や車室内の安全性を確保できる。
Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 6, even when a flammable refrigerant is used, it is possible to improve the durability of the compressor and suppress the reduction of the cooling capacity of the apparatus, and in particular, the flammable refrigerant to be substituted for HFC-134a. Using this will help prevent global warming. Moreover, since the air conditioning of the vehicle interior is performed by the secondary circuit, the safety of the vehicle interior can be ensured.
Furthermore, according to the seventh aspect of the invention, in this case as well, it is possible to prevent global warming and ensure the safety of the passenger compartment.

以下、本発明の実施形態につき図面を参照して説明する。
図1は車両の前部を概略的に示し、この前部にエンジンルーム2が設けられ、エンジンルーム2内にはエンジン4が横置きに配置されている。
当該車両1は空調装置を備えている。詳しくは図2に示されており、この空調装置には2元冷媒サイクルが用いられ、1次側回路6と、2次側回路30とから構成されている。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a front portion of a vehicle. An engine room 2 is provided in the front portion, and an engine 4 is disposed horizontally in the engine room 2.
The vehicle 1 includes an air conditioner. This is shown in detail in FIG. 2, and this air conditioner uses a two-way refrigerant cycle and includes a primary side circuit 6 and a secondary side circuit 30.

この1次側回路6はエンジンルーム2内に配置され、1次冷媒の一態様であるプロパンガスやHFC−152a等の可燃性冷媒(以下、単に冷媒と称す)の循環経路を有している。また、1次側回路6にはコンプレッサ(圧縮機)18での摩擦を軽減させる冷凍機油が用いられ、本実施形態の冷凍機油には、上記冷媒に対して非相溶性の関係を有する潤滑油が用いられている。なお、この冷凍機油の種類は上記冷媒の内容によって適宜選択される。   The primary circuit 6 is disposed in the engine room 2 and has a circulation path for a combustible refrigerant (hereinafter simply referred to as a refrigerant) such as propane gas or HFC-152a which is an aspect of the primary refrigerant. . The primary circuit 6 uses refrigerating machine oil that reduces friction in the compressor 18, and the refrigerating machine oil of this embodiment has a lubricating oil that is incompatible with the refrigerant. Is used. In addition, the kind of this refrigeration oil is suitably selected according to the content of the said refrigerant | coolant.

この1次側回路6の循環経路中には、上流側から圧縮機18、コンデンサ(凝縮器)20、レシーバ(受液器)22、膨脹弁24及び1次・2次用熱交換器(熱交換器)26が順次介挿されている。なお、図2中の参照符号10,12,14,16は1次側回路6の循環経路の往路部分を形成し、参照符号8は上記循環経路の復路部分を形成している。
一方、上記2次側回路30はその大部分がエンジンルーム2内に配置されているが、その一部は車両1の車室28内に配置されている。また、2次側回路30は、2次冷媒の一態様であるブライン(不凍液)の循環経路を有している。なお、本実施形態では、ブラインとしてエチレングリコールが用いられている。
In the circulation path of the primary circuit 6, a compressor 18, a condenser (condenser) 20, a receiver (liquid receiver) 22, an expansion valve 24, and primary / secondary heat exchangers (heat) from the upstream side. 26) are sequentially inserted. 2, reference numerals 10, 12, 14, and 16 form the forward path portion of the circulation path of the primary circuit 6, and reference numeral 8 forms the return path portion of the circulation path.
On the other hand, most of the secondary circuit 30 is disposed in the engine room 2, but a part of the secondary circuit 30 is disposed in the compartment 28 of the vehicle 1. Moreover, the secondary side circuit 30 has a circulation path of brine (an antifreeze liquid) which is an aspect of the secondary refrigerant. In this embodiment, ethylene glycol is used as the brine.

この2次側回路30の循環経路中には、ポンプ38、1次・2次用熱交換器(熱交換器)26及び室内用熱交換器40が順次介挿されている。なお、図2中の参照符号32,34は2次側回路30の循環経路の往路部分を形成し、参照符号36は上記循環経路の復路部分を形成している。
このように、当該空調装置では、1次側回路6で得られた冷凍能力が、冷媒とブラインとの間で熱交換させる1次・2次用熱交換器26を介して2次側回路30に伝達され、この2次側回路30が車室28内の冷房を行い、車室28内の温度を所望の設定温度に調整する。
In the circulation path of the secondary side circuit 30, a pump 38, a primary / secondary heat exchanger (heat exchanger) 26, and an indoor heat exchanger 40 are sequentially inserted. Note that reference numerals 32 and 34 in FIG. 2 form a forward path portion of the circulation path of the secondary circuit 30, and reference numeral 36 forms a return path portion of the circulation path.
As described above, in the air conditioner, the refrigerating capacity obtained in the primary circuit 6 is converted into the secondary circuit 30 via the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the brine. The secondary circuit 30 cools the interior of the passenger compartment 28 and adjusts the temperature in the passenger compartment 28 to a desired set temperature.

ここで、本実施形態においては、車両1を側面からみた図1に示される如く、1次側回路6の循環経路中の圧縮機18が、1次側回路6及び2次側回路30の各循環経路中に配置された他のいずれの機器よりも低い位置に配設されている。換言すれば、圧縮機18は1次・2次用熱交換器26の下側に設けられている。
また、この圧縮機18と凝縮器20との間にはオイルセパレータ(油分離回収手段)19が配置されている。このオイルセパレータ19は、圧縮機18の吸入口(図示しない)に連なる油帰還用配管(油分離回収手段)11を備えており、圧縮機18の吐出口(図示しない)に連なる配管9から流れ出た冷媒及び冷凍機油を分離し、冷媒を配管10に流して循環経路中にて循環させる一方で、冷凍機油を油帰還用配管11に流して圧縮機18に回収する。これにより、循環経路中の実質的に機能しない冷凍機油を減らし、1次・2次用熱交換器26における熱交換効率を向上させるとともに、圧縮機18の信頼性を確保する。
Here, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 when the vehicle 1 is viewed from the side, the compressor 18 in the circulation path of the primary side circuit 6 is connected to each of the primary side circuit 6 and the secondary side circuit 30. It is disposed at a lower position than any other device disposed in the circulation path. In other words, the compressor 18 is provided below the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26.
An oil separator (oil separation and recovery means) 19 is disposed between the compressor 18 and the condenser 20. The oil separator 19 includes an oil return pipe (oil separation and recovery means) 11 connected to a suction port (not shown) of the compressor 18, and flows out from the pipe 9 connected to a discharge port (not shown) of the compressor 18. The refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil are separated, and the refrigerant is caused to flow through the pipe 10 and circulate in the circulation path, while the refrigerating machine oil is caused to flow through the oil return pipe 11 and collected in the compressor 18. Thereby, the refrigerating machine oil substantially not functioning in the circulation path is reduced, the heat exchange efficiency in the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 is improved, and the reliability of the compressor 18 is ensured.

なお、この圧縮機18は、オイルセパレータ19よりも低い位置に設けられており、また、電磁クラッチ(図示しない)等を介してエンジン4に接続され、このエンジン4からの動力を受けて作動される。
上述した車両用空調装置によれば、1次側回路6における圧縮機18の作動に伴い、圧縮機18は1次・2次用熱交換器26からの冷媒を冷凍機油とともに圧縮し、配管9を介してオイルセパレータ19に供給する。これら圧縮された冷媒及び冷凍機油はオイルセパレータ19で分離され、配管10を介して高温高圧ガス状態の冷媒が凝縮器20に供給される。
The compressor 18 is provided at a position lower than the oil separator 19 and is connected to the engine 4 via an electromagnetic clutch (not shown) or the like, and is operated by receiving power from the engine 4. The
According to the vehicle air conditioner described above, the compressor 18 compresses the refrigerant from the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 together with the refrigerating machine oil with the operation of the compressor 18 in the primary side circuit 6, and the pipe 9 To the oil separator 19. These compressed refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil are separated by the oil separator 19, and the refrigerant in a high-temperature and high-pressure gas state is supplied to the condenser 20 through the pipe 10.

上記高温高圧ガス状態の冷媒は凝縮器20内で冷却され、等圧のまま配管12を介して液体状態の冷媒が受液器22に向けて流れる。この液体状態の冷媒は受液器22内に一時的に貯留され、配管14を介して高圧液体状態の冷媒が膨脹弁24に供給される。そして、この高圧液体状態の冷媒は膨脹弁24内で絞り膨張され、配管16を介して低温低圧の気液混合状態の冷媒として1次・2次用熱交換器26に噴出される。   The refrigerant in the high-temperature and high-pressure gas state is cooled in the condenser 20, and the liquid-state refrigerant flows toward the liquid receiver 22 through the pipe 12 while maintaining an equal pressure. The liquid refrigerant is temporarily stored in the liquid receiver 22, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is supplied to the expansion valve 24 via the pipe 14. Then, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is expanded and expanded in the expansion valve 24, and is jetted to the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 through the pipe 16 as a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixed refrigerant.

この気液混合状態の冷媒は1次・2次用熱交換器26内でブラインを冷却する。当該ブラインは、2次側回路30におけるポンプ38で圧送され、配管32を介して1次・2次用熱交換器26に供給されている。
上記冷却されたブラインは配管34を介して室内用熱交換器40に向けて流れる。そして、室内用熱交換器40の周囲の空気が冷却され、その冷気がファン42によって車室28内に送り込まれ、車室28内の冷房が行われる。
The refrigerant in the gas-liquid mixed state cools the brine in the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26. The brine is pumped by the pump 38 in the secondary circuit 30 and supplied to the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 via the pipe 32.
The cooled brine flows toward the indoor heat exchanger 40 via the pipe 34. Then, the air around the indoor heat exchanger 40 is cooled, and the cold air is sent into the vehicle compartment 28 by the fan 42, and the vehicle interior 28 is cooled.

なお、1次側回路6における1次・2次用熱交換器26内の冷媒は配管8を介して圧縮機18に戻り、この後、圧縮機18により再度圧縮され、配管10等を上述した如く循環する。一方、2次側回路30における室内用熱交換器40内のブラインは配管36を介してポンプ38に戻り、この後、ポンプ38により1次・2次用熱交換器26に向けて再度圧送される。   The refrigerant in the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 in the primary circuit 6 returns to the compressor 18 through the pipe 8, and is then compressed again by the compressor 18, and the pipe 10 and the like are described above. It circulates like this. On the other hand, the brine in the indoor heat exchanger 40 in the secondary circuit 30 returns to the pump 38 via the pipe 36 and is then pumped again toward the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 by the pump 38. The

ところで、本実施形態の空調装置では、冷房の他、暖房も可能である。例えば、室内用熱交換器40からの冷風とヒータコア(図示しない)からの温風とを混合し、温度調整した空気を車室内に(主として除霜モードとして)送る方法や、エンジン4からの温水でブラインを加熱し、このブラインを室内用熱交換器40に供給しても良い。また、ヒートポンプシステムの如く、冷房時には1次・2次用熱交換器26がブラインに冷熱を移動させる一方、暖房時には1次側回路6の冷媒を逆方向に循環させても車室28内の暖房が可能である。この場合には、1次・2次用熱交換器26がブラインに熱を移動させ、加熱されたブラインが室内用熱交換器40に供給される。   By the way, in the air conditioner of this embodiment, in addition to cooling, heating is also possible. For example, a method of mixing cold air from the indoor heat exchanger 40 and hot air from a heater core (not shown) and sending the temperature-adjusted air into the vehicle interior (mainly in the defrost mode), or hot water from the engine 4 The brine may be heated and supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 40. Further, as in the heat pump system, the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 moves the cooling heat to the brine during the cooling, while the refrigerant in the primary circuit 6 is circulated in the reverse direction during the heating. Heating is possible. In this case, the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 transfers heat to the brine, and the heated brine is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 40.

そして、上述のような空調装置の運転時には、冷凍機油は圧縮機18内で潤滑油として機能した後、冷媒とともに圧縮機18から吐出し、配管9を介してオイルセパレータ19に至る。次いで、この冷凍機油はオイルセパレータ19で冷媒と分離され、油帰還用配管11を介して圧縮機18に戻ることになる(図3(a))。
これに対し、仮にオイルセパレータ19で回収できなかった冷凍機油が1次側回路6の循環経路中に流れたとしても、この未回収分の冷凍機油は、空調装置の運転停止時に、1次・2次用熱交換器26から配管8を介して、その下方に位置する圧縮機18に戻ることになる(図3(b))。
During the operation of the air conditioner as described above, the refrigerating machine oil functions as lubricating oil in the compressor 18, and then is discharged from the compressor 18 together with the refrigerant and reaches the oil separator 19 through the pipe 9. Next, the refrigerating machine oil is separated from the refrigerant by the oil separator 19 and returns to the compressor 18 through the oil return pipe 11 (FIG. 3A).
On the other hand, even if the refrigeration oil that could not be recovered by the oil separator 19 flows into the circulation path of the primary side circuit 6, the unrecovered refrigeration oil will be removed when the air conditioner is stopped. The secondary heat exchanger 26 returns to the compressor 18 positioned below it via the pipe 8 (FIG. 3B).

以上のように、本実施形態は、従来の如く冷凍機油を溶解させた冷媒が1次側回路を循環した場合における2元冷媒サイクルに生ずる問題、すなわち、冷媒との混合による冷凍機油の希釈に起因した圧縮機の耐久性の劣化と、1次・2次用熱交換器や凝縮器に付着する冷凍機油に起因した装置の冷房能力の低下とを解決する点を主眼としたものである。
そして、本実施形態の空調装置の如く、1次側回路6を循環する冷媒とは相溶性の低い関係にある冷凍機油を用いれば、この冷凍機油が冷媒で希釈されず、冷凍機油の油膜強度は維持されることから、圧縮機18の軸受寿命が延び、圧縮機18での焼き付きも防止される。この結果、所望の吐出圧力が得られ、装置の冷房能力の維持及び圧縮機18の信頼性の向上に繋がる。
As described above, this embodiment is a problem that occurs in the binary refrigerant cycle when the refrigerant in which the refrigeration oil is dissolved circulates in the primary circuit as in the prior art, that is, the dilution of the refrigeration oil by mixing with the refrigerant. The main purpose is to solve the deterioration of the durability of the compressor caused by this and the decrease in the cooling capacity of the apparatus due to the refrigerating machine oil adhering to the primary and secondary heat exchangers and the condenser.
And if the refrigerating machine oil which has a low compatibility with the refrigerant | coolant which circulates through the primary side circuit 6 like the air conditioner of this embodiment, this refrigerating machine oil will not be diluted with a refrigerant | coolant, but the oil film strength of refrigerating machine oil Is maintained, the bearing life of the compressor 18 is extended, and seizure in the compressor 18 is prevented. As a result, a desired discharge pressure is obtained, which leads to maintenance of the cooling capacity of the apparatus and improvement of the reliability of the compressor 18.

また、圧縮機18と凝縮器20との間にオイルセパレータ19を設ければ、この非相溶性を有する冷凍機油はその性質からオイルセパレータ19で効率良く分離できるので、冷凍機油が圧縮機18から循環経路中の各機器に流れ出るのを最小限に抑えられる。すなわち、冷凍機油が凝縮器20や1次・2次用熱交換器26等に付着し難くなり、装置の冷房能力の低下を確実に防止する。   Further, if an oil separator 19 is provided between the compressor 18 and the condenser 20, the incompatible refrigerating machine oil can be efficiently separated by the oil separator 19 due to its properties, so that the refrigerating machine oil is removed from the compressor 18. The flow out to each device in the circulation path can be minimized. That is, the refrigeration oil is less likely to adhere to the condenser 20, the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26, and the like, thereby reliably preventing a decrease in the cooling capacity of the apparatus.

しかも、オイルセパレータ19と圧縮機18とを油帰還用配管11で接続すれば、冷凍機油の供給装置を別途設けることなく、分離された冷凍機油を圧縮機18で再び利用可能となり、空調装置の大型化が避けられる。
ここで、空調装置に関する様々な条件により、圧縮機18から吐出した冷凍機油の全てをオイルセパレータ19で分離回収できない場合が生じたとしても、上記の構成に加えて1次・2次用熱交換器26を圧縮機18の上部に配設すれば、冷媒の流れに依存することなく、冷凍機油が圧縮機18に帰還可能となる。なお、これは、蒸発器が車室内に配設される1次側回路のみから構成される冷凍回路を備えた車両用空調装置からは導くことができない、2元冷媒サイクルを採用した車両用空調装置に特有の構成である。
Moreover, if the oil separator 19 and the compressor 18 are connected by the oil return pipe 11, the separated refrigeration oil can be used again by the compressor 18 without providing a separate refrigeration oil supply device. Larger size can be avoided.
Here, even if there is a case where all of the refrigeration oil discharged from the compressor 18 cannot be separated and recovered by the oil separator 19 due to various conditions related to the air conditioner, heat exchange for primary and secondary is added to the above configuration. If the vessel 26 is arranged on the upper portion of the compressor 18, the refrigeration oil can be returned to the compressor 18 without depending on the flow of the refrigerant. Note that this is a vehicle air conditioner that employs a dual refrigerant cycle that cannot be derived from a vehicle air conditioner that includes a refrigeration circuit that includes only a primary circuit in which an evaporator is disposed in a vehicle interior. This is a configuration specific to the device.

このように、本実施形態によれば、2元冷媒サイクルを採用した空調装置であっても、大型にならず、コンパクトでその軽量化が図られ、しかも、車室内の安全性を確保しつつ、油帰還をより効率的に行うことによる圧縮機18の耐久性向上や、循環経路中の油の貯留を可能な限り削減することによる装置の冷房能力の向上が達成可能となる。
以上で本発明の一実施形態についての説明を終えるが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更ができるものである。
As described above, according to the present embodiment, even an air conditioner that employs a two-way refrigerant cycle does not increase in size, is compact and lightweight, and ensures safety in the passenger compartment. Further, it is possible to improve the durability of the compressor 18 by performing the oil return more efficiently and to improve the cooling capacity of the apparatus by reducing the storage of the oil in the circulation path as much as possible.
The description of one embodiment of the present invention is finished above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

例えば、上記実施形態では、オイルセパレータ19が圧縮機18と凝縮器20との間に配設されているが、必ずしもこの形態に限定されるものではなく、例えばオイルセパレータは圧縮機に内蔵されていても良い。この場合には1次側回路に対して大きな設計変更を行うことなく、圧縮機の耐久性向上や装置の冷房能力の低下抑制が達成可能となる。
また、冷凍機油を効率良く圧縮機に帰還させるべく、1次・2次用熱交換器26は、その出口側が圧縮機18により一層近づくように傾斜させた姿勢で配設しても良い。この場合にも圧縮機の耐久性向上や装置の冷房能力の低下抑制が達成可能となる。
For example, in the above embodiment, the oil separator 19 is disposed between the compressor 18 and the condenser 20, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this form. For example, the oil separator is built in the compressor. May be. In this case, it is possible to achieve improvement in the durability of the compressor and suppression of reduction in the cooling capacity of the apparatus without making a major design change to the primary side circuit.
Further, in order to efficiently return the refrigeration oil to the compressor, the primary / secondary heat exchanger 26 may be disposed in an inclined posture so that the outlet side thereof is closer to the compressor 18. Even in this case, it is possible to achieve improvement in the durability of the compressor and suppression of a decrease in the cooling capacity of the apparatus.

更に、上記実施形態の2次冷媒サイクルを用いる車両用空調装置は、上述の可燃性冷媒の他、CO2やHFC−134aの各冷媒、若しくはアンモニアの如く毒性を有する冷媒を、1次側回路を循環する1次冷媒として用いることが可能である。 Furthermore, the vehicle air conditioner using the secondary refrigerant cycle according to the above embodiment uses a flammable refrigerant, CO 2 , HFC-134a refrigerant, or a toxic refrigerant such as ammonia as a primary circuit. It can be used as a primary refrigerant that circulates.

本発明の一実施形態に係る車両用空調装置を車両の側面からみた図である。It is the figure which looked at the air-conditioner for vehicles concerning one embodiment of the present invention from the side of vehicles. 図1の車両用空調装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 図1の車両用空調装置における冷凍機油の戻りを説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the return of the refrigeration oil in the vehicle air conditioner of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 車両
2 エンジンルーム
6 1次側回路
11 油帰還用配管(油分離回収手段)
18 圧縮機
19 オイルセパレータ(油分離回収手段)
20 凝縮器
22 受液器
24 膨張弁
26 1次・2次用熱交換器(熱交換器)
28 車室
30 2次側回路
38 ポンプ
40 室内用熱交換器
42 ファン
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle 2 Engine room 6 Primary side circuit 11 Oil return piping (oil separation and recovery means)
18 Compressor 19 Oil separator (oil separation and recovery means)
20 Condenser 22 Receiver 24 Expansion Valve 26 Primary / Secondary Heat Exchanger (Heat Exchanger)
28 Car compartment 30 Secondary circuit 38 Pump 40 Indoor heat exchanger 42 Fan

Claims (7)

車両のエンジンルーム内に設けられ、圧縮機で圧縮した1次冷媒を循環させる1次側回路と、
該1次側回路で得られた冷凍能力を利用して2次冷媒を冷却し、該2次冷媒を循環させて前記車両の車室内の空調を行う2次側回路とから構成され、
前記1次側回路には、前記圧縮機での摩擦を軽減させ、且つ、該1次側回路を循環する前記1次冷媒に対して非相溶性の関係を有する冷凍機油が用いられることを特徴とする車両用空調装置。
A primary circuit that is provided in an engine room of a vehicle and circulates a primary refrigerant compressed by a compressor;
A secondary circuit that cools the secondary refrigerant using the refrigeration capacity obtained in the primary circuit and circulates the secondary refrigerant to air-condition the vehicle interior of the vehicle;
The primary side circuit uses a refrigerating machine oil that reduces friction in the compressor and has an incompatible relationship with the primary refrigerant circulating in the primary side circuit. A vehicle air conditioner.
前記1次側回路には、前記圧縮機の吐出口近傍に、前記1次冷媒と前記冷凍機油とを分離して該冷凍機油を前記圧縮機に回収する油分離回収手段が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。   In the primary circuit, oil separation and recovery means for separating the primary refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil and recovering the refrigerating machine oil to the compressor is disposed in the vicinity of the discharge port of the compressor. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1. 前記油分離回収手段は、前記圧縮機に備えられることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置。   The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 2, wherein the oil separation and recovery means is provided in the compressor. 前記1次側回路は、前記1次冷媒と前記2次冷媒との間で熱交換させる熱交換器を備え、
前記圧縮機は、前記熱交換器の配設位置よりも低い位置に配設されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。
The primary side circuit includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the primary refrigerant and the secondary refrigerant,
The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the compressor is disposed at a position lower than a position where the heat exchanger is disposed.
前記1次側回路は、前記1次冷媒と前記2次冷媒との間で熱交換させる熱交換器を備え、
該熱交換器は、前記冷凍機油を前記圧縮機に帰還させる姿勢で配設されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。
The primary side circuit includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the primary refrigerant and the secondary refrigerant,
The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed in a posture in which the refrigerating machine oil is returned to the compressor.
前記1次冷媒は、可燃性冷媒であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。   The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the primary refrigerant is a combustible refrigerant. 前記1次冷媒は、アンモニアであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。   The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the primary refrigerant is ammonia.
JP2004032156A 2004-02-09 2004-02-09 Air-conditioner for vehicle Pending JP2005219704A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004032156A JP2005219704A (en) 2004-02-09 2004-02-09 Air-conditioner for vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004032156A JP2005219704A (en) 2004-02-09 2004-02-09 Air-conditioner for vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2005219704A true JP2005219704A (en) 2005-08-18

Family

ID=34995669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2004032156A Pending JP2005219704A (en) 2004-02-09 2004-02-09 Air-conditioner for vehicle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2005219704A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008201411A (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-09-04 Bergstrom Inc Vehicular air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and off operation
WO2018100995A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 Air conditioning device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9694651B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2017-07-04 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and off operation
JP2008201411A (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-09-04 Bergstrom Inc Vehicular air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and off operation
WO2018100995A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 Air conditioning device
JP2018090048A (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-14 カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 Air conditioner
US11597258B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2023-03-07 Marelli Cabin Comfort Japan Corporation Air conditioning device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10808157B2 (en) Vehicle heating and/or air conditioning method
DK2342302T3 (en) PROCEDURE TO HEAT AND / OR CLIMATE A VEHICLE
RU2472643C1 (en) System for cooling and heating
JP4225304B2 (en) Control method of refrigeration air conditioner
KR100994471B1 (en) Air conditioning system
EP3187796A1 (en) Cascade heat transfer system
US20110284181A1 (en) Method for heating and/or air-conditioning in a vehicle
US20030140651A1 (en) Refrigerant cycle system with ejector pump
US20140190189A1 (en) Unitary heat pump air conditioner having a compressed vapor diversion loop
JP2012509220A (en) Vehicle heating and / or air conditioning method
JP3726541B2 (en) Refrigeration air conditioner
JP5049889B2 (en) Refrigeration equipment
JP2010101553A (en) Refrigerating cycle system and air-conditioning system for vehicle using the refrigerating cycle system
CN115091919A (en) Air conditioning system for vehicle and vehicle
KR20060122037A (en) Air cycle for car air conditioning system
US7360373B2 (en) Vehicle air-conditioning system
JP2005219704A (en) Air-conditioner for vehicle
JP2009257705A (en) Refrigerating apparatus
WO2018155028A1 (en) Refrigerant system provided with direct contact heat exchanger, and control method of refrigerant system
JP2002277087A (en) Air conditioner
JP2008164254A (en) Coolant piping structure
CN109927509B (en) Whole vehicle thermal management system for vehicle and vehicle with same
Ko et al. Status and challenges of vapor compression air conditioning and heat pump systems for electric vehicles
JP2007093086A (en) Refrigerating system
JP2002316531A (en) Air conditioner for vehicle