JP2005219127A - Cutting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting machine which carries out machining with various tools without manually changing tools in a series of machining processes using a tool unit with a built-in electric spindle, and hardly lowers finish-machining accuracy. <P>SOLUTION: This cutting machine has: a rotating tool holder for holding a tool unit in a replaceable manner and driving the tool unit by a turning means; a tool holder automatically replacing the tool unit to the rotating tool holder; and a power tool holder for holding the tool unit with the built-in electric spindle. The rotating tool holder and the power tool holder are movable into a machining position for machining a machined object using the held tool unit or tool unit with the built-in electric spindle. When the power tool holder exists in the machining position, the rotating tool holder exists in a shunting position so as not to interfere with machining, and when the rotating tool holder exists in the machining position, the power tool holder exists in the shunting position so as not to interfere with machining. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting machine, and more particularly, to a cutting machine that performs a cutting process using a tool unit having a built-in electric spindle (hereinafter referred to as “electric spindle built-in tool unit”).

In a cutting machine such as a machining center, an electric spindle that is rotated by a motor is incorporated in a tool holder itself, and a method is performed in which a tool is rotated by rotating the electric spindle. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2001-150281 and 2001-150282 disclose this method. This processing method can reduce the cost because high-speed rotation can be obtained with an inexpensive configuration, and it is also suitable for processing that requires high precision because it can be equipped with a tool having a cutting tool capable of fine processing. Yes.
By the way, when machining is performed using the above-described tool unit with a built-in electric spindle in a machining center, the tool unit is automatically replaced by a tool changer, so that a fine surface is formed at the joint surface between the spindle of the machining center and the tool unit with a built-in electric spindle. The position of the tool tip may be displaced by several microns due to dust or the like. As a result, there arises a problem that the machining accuracy is lowered at the time of finishing by the electric spindle built-in tool. On the other hand, according to a normal NC cutting machine in which a tool is replaced by a human hand, such a problem does not occur. For example, when finishing is performed after rough machining, the cutting edge of the tool is worn in rough machining, etc. For this reason, since it is necessary to change the tool, there is a problem that an operator must be present when changing the tool. As a method of dealing with these problems, it is conceivable to have a configuration having a plurality of spindle units as shown in Patent Document 1 below. That is, by providing two or more tool units with built-in electric spindles in parallel and attaching the blades for roughing and finishing from the beginning, from roughing to finishing can be performed with high accuracy without changing the tool. .
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-311561

However, the electric spindle built-in tool unit is difficult to machine with a large blade and high torque, and the configuration in which multiple axes are provided in parallel requires the tool unit to be replaced for each object to be machined, resulting in poor efficiency.
In view of this, the present invention provides a cutting machine that can perform machining with various tools in a series of machining steps using a tool unit with a built-in electric spindle and does not reduce the machining accuracy of the finished product as much as possible without replacing the tool. The issue is to provide.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotary tool holder that holds a tool unit in a replaceable manner and drives the tool unit by a rotating means, and a tool that automatically changes the tool unit with respect to the rotary tool holder. It is a cutting machine having a holder and an electric tool holder for holding an electric spindle built-in tool unit. The rotating tool holder and the electric tool holder can be moved to a machining position where the workpiece is machined using the holding tool unit or the electric spindle built-in tool unit, and the electric tool holder exists at the machining position. In addition, the rotary tool holder is in a retracted position where it does not interfere with machining, and when the rotary tool holder is present in the machining position, the electric tool holder is configured in a retracted position where it does not interfere with machining. In addition, the movement here means relative movement, and includes the case where the workpiece is moved in addition to the case where the tool holder moves.
With such a configuration, when the electric spindle built-in tool unit for performing the finishing process is mounted on the electric tool holder, it can be performed by a human hand while maintaining the attachment accuracy. Various processes until finishing can be performed by automatically replacing various tool units with a tool holder and a rotary tool holder having the same configuration as a so-called machining center. These tool units do not interfere with each other during processing.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, when there are two or more power tool holders in the cutting machine and one of the power tool holders is in a processing position, the remaining power tool holders are a hindrance to processing. It is configured to be in a retreat position that does not perform.
Thus, by providing two or more power tool holders, it is possible to provide finishing tools having different roughnesses.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the cutting machine, the rotary tool holder and at least one of the electric tool holders are integrated to perform a machining operation relative to a workpiece.
As a result, the positional relationship between the integrated rotary tool holder and the electric tool tool holder does not change during machining, so that the relative positional deviation of the tool tip position of each tool unit is reduced accordingly. Can do.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the cutting machine according to the second aspect of the present invention, the power tool holders integrally perform a machining operation relative to the workpiece.
As a result, the positional relationship of the electric tool tool holders integrated with each other does not change during machining, and accordingly, the relative positional deviation of the tool tip positions of the tool units can be reduced.

The invention according to claim 5 is the rotary tool holder in the machining position among the rotary tool holder and the electric tool holder at the machining position and the retracted position in the cutting machine according to claim 1 or 2. Only the electric power tool holder performs a machining operation relative to the workpiece.
As a result, each tool holder is normally placed in the retracted position, and only the tool holder to be used for machining needs to be processed.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the cutting machine, the retracted position is located at a position substantially translated from the machining position with respect to the attachment surface of the workpiece.
By such an operation, the displacement due to the movement of each electric spindle built-in tool unit is reduced with respect to the distance from the mounting surface of the workpiece to the tool tip of each electric spindle built-in tool unit.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the cutting machine according to the second or fourth aspect, an electric spindle built-in tool unit having a roughing tool attached is attached to at least one of the electric power tool holders. An electric spindle built-in tool unit in which a finishing tool is attached is attached to at least one of the electric tool holders.
As a result, it is possible to continuously perform roughing to finishing by attaching the tool once with a single cutting machine, and during that time there is no need to replace the tool, so that the precision of finishing is particularly high. Can do.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the cutting machine according to any one of the second, fourth, and seventh aspects, when the electric spindle built-in tool unit is attached to the electric power tool holders, Measuring means for measuring the difference in the position of the tool tip of the spindle built-in tool unit is provided.
By providing such a measuring means, it can be used as a guideline for adjusting the height of the cutting edge of each electric spindle built-in tool unit at the time of attachment, and a control operation can be performed in consideration of the measured value at the time of machining. .

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the tool unit with a built-in electric spindle for performing the finishing process is mounted on the power tool holder, it can be carried out while maintaining the mounting accuracy by a human hand. The final accuracy of the workpiece can be increased by finishing with the tool unit. Various processes up to finishing can be performed flexibly while automatically replacing various tool units by using a tool holder and a rotary tool holder having the same configuration as a so-called machining center. In addition, various types of processing up to finishing can be performed by automatically replacing various tool units with a tool holder and rotating tool holder that have the same configuration as a so-called machining center, regardless of the type of processing. Processing can be performed flexibly and efficiently.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide finishing tools having different roughnesses in each of the two or more power tool holders, so that finishing can be performed more efficiently.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the shift in the relative relationship between the positions of the tool tips of the electric tool unit and the rotary tool unit can be reduced, the tool is moved between the machining position and the retracted position. Also, the machining accuracy can be kept high.
The invention according to claim 4 can reduce the relative displacement of the position of the tool tip of each power tool unit, and can improve the machining accuracy even if the tool is moved between the machining position and the retracted position. Can be kept high.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, each tool holder is normally placed in a retracted position, and only the tool holder used for machining needs to be operated. The load can be reduced.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the displacement due to the movement of each electric spindle built-in tool unit with respect to the tool tip of each electric spindle built-in tool unit with respect to the mounting surface of the workpiece is reduced, It is possible to maintain high accuracy in the processing target direction even if the tool is transferred between the two.
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to continuously perform from roughing to finishing by attaching a tool once by a single cutting machine, and since there is no need to replace the tool during that time, particularly finishing processing. Accuracy can be increased.
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, by providing the measuring means, it can be used as a guideline for adjusting the height of the cutting edge of each electric spindle built-in tool unit at the time of attachment, and the control operation in consideration of the measured value at the time of machining. Therefore, processing with higher accuracy becomes possible.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cutting machine A according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a front view thereof. In this cutting machine, a vertical frame 12 for an electric tool holder and a vertical frame 52 for a rotating tool holder are fixed to a pedestal 11, and XY moves freely on the pedestal 11 by a ball screw and a servo motor (not shown) on a horizontal plane. A table 20 is provided. The electric tool holder vertical frame 12 is provided with integrally formed electric tool holders 31 and 32 for holding the electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2, respectively. Further, the rotary tool holder vertical frame 52 is rotated by a motor as a rotating means to hold the tool, and similarly, the tool is automatically exchanged for the rotary tool holder 51. A tool holder 60 having a tool changer having the same configuration as that of a general machining center is provided.

  FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of the electric tool holder 31. The electric spindle built-in tool unit X1 is an electric spindle X11 that is rotated by a built-in motor, a blade X12 provided at the tip of the electric spindle X11, an electric spindle holder X13 that holds the electric spindle X11, and an electric spindle that can be attached to a machining center. A tool shank X14 and a pull stud X15 are provided at the rear end of the holding body X13. The electric tool holder 31 holds the electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2 by a clamp in the same manner as in a normal machining center. Further, the electric spindle built-in tool unit 31 is connected to an electric cable X16 via a socket X17 electrically connected to the electric spindle X11, and is supplied with electricity from the main body of the cutting machine A. The configuration of the power tool holder 32 is the same as that of the power tool holder 31.

  The electric tool holders 31 and 32 are integrally moved up and down on a vertical rail 12a provided on the electric tool holder vertical frame 12 by a ball screw and a servo motor (not shown). The rotary tool holder moves up and down on a vertical rail 52a provided on the rotary tool holder vertical frame 52 by a ball screw and a servo motor (not shown). That is, the cutting machine A can perform three-dimensional machining by the XY table that moves on the horizontal plane and the electric tool holders 31 and 32 and the rotary tool holder 51 that move in the vertical direction.

Moreover, the upper frame 33 for covering the electric tool holders 31 and 32 is provided on the vertical frame 12 for the electric tool holder, and the electric spindle built-in tool unit held by the electric tool holders 31 and 32 on both sides of the lower part of the upper cover. Sensors 41 and 42 for measuring the positions of the tool tips X1 and X2 (for example, the distance from the lower surface of the electric tool holder 31 to the tool tip) are provided.
The sensors 41 and 42 are provided with two rows of laser scanning type dimension measuring sensors, and the lengths of the tool tips of the electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2 held by the electric tool holders 31 and 32, respectively. taking measurement. As shown in the bottom view of the electric tool holder in FIG. 4A, the sensors 41 and 42 can grasp the respective tips of the electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2. It is provided on a horizontal line having an oblique inclination with respect to a horizontal line passing through the center of. FIG. 4B shows an arrow S in FIG. An arrow S indicates a direction straight from the position of the sensor 41 toward the sensor 42. As shown in FIG. 4B, the tips of the electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2 appear between the sensor 41 and the sensor 42 so that both tip positions can be measured. Further, the difference d between the tool tip positions shown in the figure is calculated from the measurement result. In the figure, the tip position difference d is shown large for easy understanding, but in reality it is a difference of about several microns.
This cutting machine is controlled by a control device (not shown) and automatically performs a machining operation according to a program input by a user in advance.

Next, a method of using the cutting machine A having the above configuration will be described. First, processing programming is performed in the control device of the cutting machine A. Specifically, first, by attaching various tool units Y to the rotary tool holder 51, first, the object is processed into a rough shape, and then roughing is performed with the electric spindle built-in tool unit X1, Finally, programming is performed so as to perform finishing with the electric spindle built-in tool unit X2. This operation is performed without removing the workpiece from the XY table.
When programming is completed, the electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2 are mounted on the electric tool holders 31 and 32, respectively. At this time, it is performed carefully after the operator carefully cleans so that dust or the like is not caught between the electric tool holder and the electric spindle built-in tool unit.

  Thereafter, the machining object A is fixed at a predetermined position of the XY table, and the cutting machine A is operated. The cutting machine A measures the positions of the tool tips of the two electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2 by means of sensors 41 and 42 before performing the machining operation. When the measurement is completed, the cutting machine A first performs a machining operation with several tool units Y according to the program. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5A, the XY table 20 performs the machining operation after moving the workpiece O so as to be positioned at the center of the rotary tool holder 51. That is, in this state, the rotary tool holder 51 is in a machining position where machining is performed by the tool unit Y held. The electric tool holders 31 and 32 are in a retracted position where the electric spindle built-in tool units X1 and X2 being held do not interfere with machining. In this state, rough machining is performed while exchanging several tool units Y with the tool holder 60. Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, the cutting machine A sets the rotary tool holder 51 and the electric tool holder 32 to the retracted position, and sets the electric tool holder 31 to the machining position. Then, the cutting machine A performs rough machining of the workpiece according to the program by the electric spindle built-in tool unit X1. When the rough machining is finished, the cutting machine A moves the XY table 20, and this time, as shown in FIG. 5C, the electric tool holder 31 and the rotary tool holder 52 are set to the retracted position, and the electric tool holder 32 is placed. Is the processing position. The cutting machine A then finishes the workpiece according to the program using the electric spindle built-in tool unit X2. At this time, in the cutting machine A, as described above, the difference 41 d between the tool tip positions of the electric spindle built-in tool unit X1 and the electric spindle built-in tool unit X2 is obtained by the sensors 41 and 42 as numerical values. Adjusts the feed amount in the vertical direction in the machining shown in the program based on this difference. When finishing is completed, a series of processing operations are completed.

  Since the cutting machine A according to the present embodiment performs such an operation, once the tool unit with a built-in electric spindle for finishing is once attached by a hand, a tool is used during a series of machining operations from roughing to finishing. Since the unit is not mechanically replaced, highly accurate machining can be realized. Further, in a rough machining stage, machining can be efficiently performed with various tool units by the configuration of the machining center. Furthermore, since the position of the tool tip is measured by a sensor and machining is performed in consideration of the position, machining accuracy can be further increased.

  In the above embodiment, the power tool holder moves only in the vertical direction, and the XY table moves to move to the machining position and the retreat position relative to the workpiece. This can also be done as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), the two electric tool holders integrated with each other move to the left and right, so that one of the electric tool holders is at the machining position without moving the XY table. It is also possible for the tool holder to be in the retracted position. The imaginary line in FIG. 6A shows a state where the electric tool holder holding the electric spindle built-in tool unit X1 is in the machining position and the electric tool holder holding the electric spindle built-in tool unit X2 is in the retracted position. . In addition, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the electric tool holders are moved to the left and right and are not used for machining, they may be moved to the retreat position. The imaginary line in FIG. 6B shows a state where the electric tool holder for holding the electric spindle built-in tool unit X2 is in the retracted position. The rotating tool holder can also be moved in the horizontal direction with respect to the workpiece.

Furthermore, as shown to Fig.7 (a), each electric tool holder can be moved upwards, and you may make it transfer to a retracted position by moving upwards. In this case, during processing, the workpieces move together while maintaining the upper and lower steps. FIG. 7 (a) shows a state where the electric tool holder for holding the electric spindle built-in tool unit X1 is in the retracted position. Then, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), each power tool holder is allowed to independently perform a vertical feed operation for machining, and those not used for machining can be saved by waiting at the top. It can also be in position.
In the embodiment, the electric tool holder and the rotary tool holder are moved independently in the vertical direction. However, the electric tool holder and the electric tool holder can be integrated as in the same manner. is there.
In this embodiment, two power tool holders for holding the power spindle built-in tool unit are shown. However, one power tool holder or three or more power tool holders can be provided.

It is a perspective view which shows the cutting machine which concerns on embodiment. It is a front view which shows the cutting machine which concerns on embodiment. It is an enlarged view of a power tool holder vicinity. (A) is a bottom view of an electric tool holder part, (b) is a figure which shows the arrow S in FIG. (a) is a front view showing a state in which one rotary tool holder is in a machining position and two electric tool holders are in a retracted position, and (b) is one electric tool holder in a machining position. FIG. 8 is a front view showing a state in which the other electric tool holder and the rotary tool holder are in the machining position, and (c) is another electric tool holder and the rotary tool in which the other electric tool holder is in the machining position. It is a front view which shows the state which has a holding body in a process position. (A) (b) is a figure which shows the other example of a tool holder. (A) (b) is a figure which shows the other example of a tool holder.

Explanation of symbols

A Cutting machine X1, X2 Tool unit with built-in electric spindle Y Tool unit 11 Base 12 Vertical frame 20 for electric tool holder XY tables 31, 32 Electric tool holder 41, 42 Sensor 51 Rotary tool holder 52 For rotary tool holder Vertical frame 60 Tool holder

Claims (8)

A rotating tool holder that holds the tool unit in a replaceable manner and drives the tool unit by a rotating means, a tool holder that automatically replaces the tool unit with respect to the rotating tool holder, and a tool unit with a built-in electric spindle A cutting machine having a power tool holder for holding,
The rotating tool holder and the electric tool holder can be moved to a machining position where a workpiece is machined using a holding tool unit or an electric spindle built-in tool unit, and the electric tool holder exists at the machining position. A cutting machine in which the rotary tool holder is in a retracted position where it does not interfere with machining, and when the rotary tool holder is present in the machining position, the electric tool holder is located in a retracted position where it does not interfere with machining.   The cutting process according to claim 1, wherein there are two or more power tool holders, and when the one power tool holder exists at a machining position, the remaining power tool holders exist at a retreat position that does not interfere with machining. Machine.   The cutting machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotary tool holder and at least one of the electric tool holders integrally perform a machining operation relative to a workpiece.   The cutting machine according to claim 2, wherein each power tool holder integrally performs a machining operation relative to the workpiece.   The rotary tool holder and the electric tool holder at the machining position among the rotary tool holder and the electric tool holder at the machining position and the retracted position perform a machining operation relative to the workpiece. The cutting machine according to 1 or 2.   The cutting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the retracted position is located at a position substantially parallel to the attachment surface of the workpiece from the machining position.   An electric spindle built-in tool unit in which a roughing tool is attached to at least one of the electric tool holders, and a finishing tool is attached to at least one of the electric tool holders. The cutting machine according to claim 2 or 4, to which is attached.   8. The measuring means according to claim 2, further comprising a measuring means for measuring a difference in position of a tool tip of each electric spindle built-in tool unit when the electric spindle built-in tool unit is attached to each electric tool holder. The cutting machine of any one of Claims.

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