JP2005211763A - Deodorizing device of garbage treatment machine and deodorizing method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a malodor removing method capable of deodorizing, decomposing and detoxifying a complicated mixed gas at the same time in the deodorizing means of a garbage treatment machine due to plasma decomposition, and a deodorizing device therefor. <P>SOLUTION: The deodorizing device of the garbage treatment machine is constituted so that an adsorbing member for moisture, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and the like, is arranged to the front stage of a plasma decomposition device to suppress the occurrence of a reaction byproduct at the time of plasma decomposition and a plurality of kinds of harmful chemical substances are simultaneously and properly deodorized and detoxified using a catalytic metal as the electrode of a plasma decomposition device. An adsorbing member such as activated carbon is arranged to the rear stage of the plasma decomposition device to treat a byproduct such as ozone or sulfur discharged from the plasma decomposition device. Further, moisture, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are subjected to time lag desorption by heaters individually attached to the respective adsorbing members of the front stage to efficiently treat not only an organic gas but also hydrogen sulfide or ammonia while avoiding an increase in humidity at the time of plasma decomposition. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for removing odors from a garbage disposal machine, and more particularly, garbage capable of decomposing and deodorizing high-temperature and high-humidity odor components generated from a garbage disposal apparatus in a kitchen to remove harmful substances. The present invention relates to a deodorizing apparatus for a processing machine and a method thereof.

  Since a bad odor is generated in a garbage disposal machine, it is necessary to deodorize and remove the odor. As a conventional deodorizing apparatus, there are an apparatus that uses microorganisms, chemical catalysts, or decomposes by plasma.

  A conventional garbage processing machine using microorganisms puts garbage in a fermenter together with moisture adjusting materials such as sawdust, supplies them with sufficient oxygen, and removes garbage by microorganisms that live in the moisture adjusting materials. It is fermented and decomposed into compost. However, the ability of microorganisms to undergo redox treatment is small, and is unsuitable for treating a large amount of malodor in a short time. In addition, microorganisms grow only those that can use the raw garbage supplied as nutrients, but if the conditions worsen, the microorganisms die and the deodorizing function is completely lost.

  Deodorizers that use chemical catalysts are not capable of exerting catalytic functions for all offensive odor factors due to their properties, and some offensive odors remain if there are a wide variety of odor-causing substances. There was a drawback.

  In addition, the deodorizing apparatus that adsorbs and removes odors needs to be replaced each time the adsorbent is saturated, and the maintainability is not good. On the other hand, some apparatuses that decompose odor gas use a photocatalyst or a platinum (Pt) combustion catalyst, but an ultraviolet lamp or a heater is required, and the apparatus is expensive. In either case, even if the performance is good in the initial stage, there is a problem that the deterioration of the catalyst proceeds as time passes. Also, these devices cannot perform deodorization and detoxification simultaneously.

On the other hand, a deodorizing apparatus (Patent Document 1) that generates plasma in a garbage disposal machine to decompose and remove odors has been developed. While this system is very effective for single causative compounds, there is a risk of producing harmful substances in complex gas mixtures in biomass. This is due to the deterioration of plasma efficiency due to the high humidity in the garbage processing machine and biotoilet, and the simultaneous use of hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), ammonia (NH ₃ ), and methyl mercaptan (MMK) present in malodorous components. It is thought to be caused by the by-production of harmful substances by treatment. In fact, there is a case report that a biotoilet using a plasma decomposition apparatus produces ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate even if it can be deodorized. In addition, it has been pointed out that there is a risk that sulfuric acid is generated during the single treatment of H ₂ S.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-078343 JP 2001-300247 A

  The present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems caused by plasma decomposition in the removal of odors from garbage processing machines. The present invention relates to high-humidity air, fermentation gas, and odor gas generated from garbage processing machines and biotoilets. It is an object of the present invention to provide a deodorizing apparatus and a deodorizing method capable of simultaneously performing deodorization and detoxification of a complex gas mixture system.

  The present invention is capable of adsorbing and desorbing with a catalyst and decomposing and detoxifying by component with plasma so that it can cope with a complex gas with bad odor generated when treating garbage by fermentation and decomposition using microorganisms. Was held. The garbage input from the input port 14 is introduced into a fermenter 18 containing microorganisms, composted in the fermenter 18, and the compost is transferred to the cassette tray 13. Hereinafter, the process of deodorizing and detoxifying odor gas generated during composting will be described.

First, in order to prevent generation of ammonium sulfate due to plasma decomposition of H ₂ S, NH _{3 and the} like in odor gas, selective adsorption removal of malodorous gas is performed before the plasma decomposition. Moreover, since the catalytic function and the plasma efficiency are deteriorated at high humidity, it is necessary to remove moisture. The pre-treatment unit is provided with a moisture adsorption unit 1, an H ₂ S adsorption unit 2, and an NH ₃ adsorption unit 3, and an odor gas 10 is introduced therein. Since some adsorbents react at high temperatures, the adsorption performance can be enhanced by adding a heater 4 as necessary. In addition, if the heaters 4 are individually installed in the respective adsorption units, the time difference of the gas can be desorbed by changing the timing of the heating time.

  Organic gas that has not been adsorbed by the pre-treatment unit is introduced into the plasma decomposition apparatus. In the present invention, a PACT apparatus 5 (Patent Document 2) that has not been used in a garbage disposal machine so far is employed as a plasma decomposition apparatus. The PACT device 5 uses a catalytic metal as a plasma generating electrode, and has a resolving efficiency much higher than that of a conventional plasma decomposing device, and can be easily downsized. By using this compact and simple PACT device 5, it is possible to appropriately detoxify a plurality of types of harmful chemical substances on the spot. By-products such as ozone and sulfur generated after decomposition by the PACT device 5 can be processed by installing a post-processing unit including activated carbon 6 as an option.

In the present invention, the malodorous gas is selectively adsorbed and removed before the plasma decomposition, so that H ₂ S, NH _{3 and the} like in the odor gas generate reaction by-products such as ammonium sulfate by the plasma decomposition. Can be suppressed. In addition, since the moisture adsorbing portion is provided in the previous stage of the plasma decomposition, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the catalyst function and plasma efficiency due to high humidity.

Moreover, the adsorption | suction performance of gas and a water | moisture content can be improved by providing a heater as needed in an odor gas adsorption | suction apparatus and a water | moisture-content adsorption | suction part. By separately installing this heater in each of the moisture, H ₂ S, and NH ₃ adsorption sections, it is possible to change the timing of the heating time and enable the time difference desorption of gas. In addition, by using heaters installed individually in each adsorption section, changing the timing of moisture adsorption, desorption and desorption of H ₂ S, NH ₃ , while avoiding high humidity during decomposition by the PACT device, only organic gas In addition, H ₂ S and NH ₃ can be processed, and extra maintenance such as replacement of the adsorbent can be minimized.

  Furthermore, by using a compact and simple PACT apparatus as the plasma decomposing apparatus, it is possible to appropriately detoxify a plurality of types of harmful chemical substances on the spot. By installing a post-processing unit such as activated carbon in the subsequent stage of the plasma decomposition apparatus, it is possible to process by-products such as ozone and sulfur generated after the decomposition. As described above, by the plasma decomposition by the PACT device in which the adsorbing member is arranged, it is possible to simultaneously perform deodorization and detoxification of the complex mixed gas system in the garbage processing machine.

  Below, embodiment of the deodorizing apparatus and the deodorizing method of the garbage processing machine which concerns on this invention is described based on FIG. First, the garbage thrown into the inlet 14 is introduced into the fermenter 18 containing microorganisms. The fermenter 18 is loaded with microorganisms on the biochip 12, which is a habitat for microorganisms, so that it can be easily brought into contact with garbage. Further, the biochip 12 is stirred by the mixing fins 16 installed in the fermenter 18 to promote decomposition. In general, microorganisms are actively active at 30 ° C. to 50 ° C. Therefore, when the biochip 12 becomes 30 ° C. or less, the temperature control heater 17 automatically heats, and even if the outside air temperature becomes −5 ° C. or less, the degradation performance is improved. Disassembly is possible without dropping. In addition, the temperature and humidity of the biochip 12 are checked by the moisture sensor 15 and flashes to alert the user when the humidity is high.

  Garbage decomposed by microorganisms in the fermenter 18 is stored in the cassette tray 13 as compost. Further, the water that can be taken out as a liquid flows into the drip drain 19. On the other hand, the odor gas 10 generated in the process of decomposition by microorganisms is introduced into the pre-treatment unit of the deodorization apparatus. First, the odor gas 10 entered from the gas inlet 7 is passed through the moisture adsorbent 1 to remove moisture contained in the gas. This is to prevent the danger of generating harmful nitrogen oxides by combining with nitrogen and oxygen in the air if moisture remains during plasma decomposition.

The odor gas 10 from which moisture has been removed is introduced into the H ₂ S adsorption unit 2 and the NH ₃ adsorption unit 3. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent H ₂ S and NH ₃ from reacting during plasma decomposition to generate nitric acid or sulfuric acid. When processing is performed in conjunction with plasma decomposition by a PACT device, the efficiency of plasma decomposition is increased by adding a heater 4 to each adsorbent individually and changing the heating time to perform gas adsorption / desorption. be able to. Note that the order of the H ₂ S adsorption unit 2 and the NH ₃ adsorption unit 3 can be changed according to the generated gas.

After adsorbing substances that have an adverse effect on plasma decomposition in the pre-treatment unit, the odor gas 10 is introduced into the fan-type PACT device 5 to decompose the organic gas by plasma (FIG. 2). In the fan-type PACT device 5, split electrodes made of catalytic metal are arranged in parallel as the external electrode 22 and the fan-type electrode 23 to generate a plasma 24 between the electrodes, and a plurality of types of organic gases flowing from the gas inlet 20 are highly efficient. Is decomposed into CO ₂ and H ₂ O and discharged from the gas outlet 21. After the completion of decomposition, the reaction product is controlled so as not to recombine, and has a function of suppressing unnecessary reactions. The fan-type PACT device 5 can be operated by an inverter 9 using a commercial power source.

Ozone and sulfur components generated at the time of plasma decomposition by the PACT device 5 can be adsorbed and removed by the activated carbon 6 disposed in the subsequent stage. The cracked gas becomes a clean gas 11 such as CO ₂ or H ₂ O and is exhausted from the exhaust port 8. A configuration diagram of the entire apparatus as described above is shown in FIG.

About the deodorizing apparatus and method of this invention, the example which does not use the heater 4 is described below. Calcium chloride was used as the moisture adsorbent, and Neocor (registered trademark) was used as the H ₂ S and NH ₃ adsorbent. Neocor has an excellent property that the removal rate of H ₂ S and NH ₃ hardly decreases even when used for a long time. Since calcium chloride and neocor can maintain their performance for about one year, they only need to be replaced every year.

  Since the odor gas that has passed through the previous stage treatment contains a large amount of organic gas, the organic gas was decomposed by the plasma of the fan-type PACT device 5. At this time, the mixing fins 16 in the fermenter were stirred every 30 minutes and the PACT apparatus 5 was operated for about 3 minutes. It was confirmed that by installing the activated carbon 6 in the subsequent stage of the PACT device 5, the decomposition by-products by the PACT device 5 are removed and finally the odorless and harmless clean gas 11 is obtained.

About the deodorizing apparatus and method of this invention, the example using the heater 4 is described below. The zeolite in the moisture adsorbent, the H ₂ S and NH ₃ adsorbent using a material selectively adsorbing and desorbing H ₂ S and NH ₃ consisting mainly of activated carbon, respectively. In the case of using the heater 4, by appropriately adjusting the heating time of the heater 4 and the operation time of the fan-type PACT device 5, adsorption / desorption can be performed according to the components contained in the odor gas, and the catalyst is deteriorated. And the efficiency of plasma decomposition by the PACT device 5 can be increased. An example of a time chart of the heating time is shown in FIG.

First, the biochip 12 is agitated by the mixing fins 16 in the fermenter 18 to promote decomposition of garbage and generate odor gas 10. Moisture, H ₂ S, and NH ₃ contained in the odor gas 10 are adsorbed at the respective adsorption portions. At this time, the fan-type PACT device 5 is not operating, and only the pre-processing unit is operating. Next, the heater attached to the H ₂ S adsorption unit 2 is heated to desorb H ₂ S, and at the same time, the PACT device 5 is operated to decompose H ₂ S into H ₂ and S. S is removed by the activated carbon 6 in the subsequent processing section. Further, the NH ₃ desorbed by heating the heater supplied with the adsorbed NH ₃ part 3, to decompose NH ₃ into N ₂ and H ₂ by the plasma by PACT device 5. Finally, after the PACT device 5 is stopped, the heater attached to the moisture adsorption unit 1 is heated to desorb and discharge H ₂ O. As described above, not only the organic gas but also H ₂ S and NH ₃ could be made harmless while avoiding high humidity during plasma decomposition by the PACT device 5.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the deodorization treatment in the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the contents described in the claims. It includes everything.

  The present invention can be applied not only to low-temperature fermentation but also to garbage processing machines using high-temperature fermentation. In addition, although the present invention has been described mainly for the purpose of removing odors in garbage processing machines, not only deodorization of kitchen garbage, but also high-humidity air and fermentation gas generated from general waste disposal sites, barns, biotoilets, etc. It is possible to deodorize and decompose and detoxify complex mixed gas containing odor gas, and it can be applied to various fields such as waste treatment plant, agricultural and livestock farm, sanitary sewage treatment plant.

It is sectional drawing of the deodorizing apparatus of the garbage processing machine of this invention. The block diagram of a fan type PACT apparatus is shown. The time chart of the heating time of the deodorizing apparatus in Example 2 is shown.

Explanation of symbols

NH 1 moisture adsorption portion 2 H ₂ S adsorbent 3 ₃ adsorption unit 4 Heater 5-fan PACT device 6 charcoal 7 gas inlet 8 outlet 9 inverter 10 odorous gases 11 clean gas 12 biochip 13 cassette tray 14 inlet 15 water Sensor 16 Mixing fin 17 Temperature control heater 18 Fermenter 19 Drip drain 20 Gas inlet 21 Gas outlet 22 External electrode 23 Fan-type electrode 24 Plasma

Claims (12)

  Deodorizing apparatus for garbage processing machine, characterized in that in the odor removing apparatus for garbage processing machine, a plasma decomposing apparatus for treating odor gas and an adsorbing part for separately adsorbing and desorbing moisture and gas are provided in the front part thereof. . _2. The deodorizing apparatus for a garbage disposal machine according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbing unit adsorbs and desorbs H ₂ O, H ₂ S, and NH ₃ individually.   The deodorizing apparatus for a garbage disposal machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heating control device is provided for each of the adsorption sections.   The deodorizing apparatus for a garbage processing machine according to claim 3, wherein each of the individual adsorbing units and the heating control apparatus performs time-desorption according to each adsorbing component.   The deodorizing apparatus for a garbage processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an adsorption part such as activated carbon is provided at a subsequent stage of the plasma decomposition apparatus.   The deodorizing apparatus for a garbage disposal machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrode of the plasma decomposition apparatus is a catalytic metal electrode.   A method for deodorizing a garbage treatment machine, characterized in that the odor gas is decomposed by plasma and moisture and gas are adsorbed before the odor gas as means for removing the odor gas of the garbage treatment machine. 8. The deodorizing method for a garbage disposal machine according to claim 7, wherein the adsorption is performed by individually adsorbing and desorbing H ₂ O, H ₂ S, and NH ₃ before the plasma decomposition. The deodorizing method for a garbage disposal machine according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the adsorption / desorption of the H ₂ O, H ₂ S, and NH ₃ is individually controlled in temperature. The deodorization of a garbage disposal machine according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein time-desorption is performed while controlling the temperature corresponding to the adsorbed components of H ₂ O, H ₂ S, and NH ₃ respectively. Method.   The deodorization method for a garbage disposal machine according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein gas or the like is adsorbed and removed by activated carbon or the like in a subsequent stage of the plasma decomposition. The deodorization method for a garbage disposal machine according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein an odor gas is decomposed using a catalytic metal as an electrode for generating the plasma.

Images