JP2005204888A - Model lung with function extremely similar to living body - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve a problem of conventional methods for a metabolic model lung; a method to burn a candle or alcohol is cumbersome to handle and risky and a method to dilute by nitrogen gas pours nitrogen gas that does not present, neither of which can set up oxygen intake over a wide range or is simulating relative humidity of exhalation. <P>SOLUTION: A respiratory gas connection system 4 connected to an expansion and contraction gas container 3 equipped with a simulated resistor 2 at an entrance section 1 to carry a gas holding container 3a, a carbon dioxide supply system 6, a respiratory gas circulatory system 9 connected to an oxygen/water exchange means 8 using the expansion and contraction gas container and a solid high-polymer electrolyte membrane 8a, and an air supply system 12 connected via the oxygen/water exchange means and a heating and humidifying equipment 10 are arranged. A negative electrode 8b and a positive electrode 8c, which apply direct current to the solid high-polymer electrolyte membrane, are comprised; the respiratory gas circulatory system 9 is connected to the negative electrode; and the air supply system is connected to the positive electrode. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a model lung. More specifically, the present invention can simulate oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production, which indicate the state of respiratory metabolism, and has a function of creating exhaled air with a high relative humidity. The model lung has the function.

  Conventionally, as a lung model of the human body, it is common to use a bag or bellows with elasticity such as rubber, which accepts the gas sent in, considering the lung as an elastic container. This is a model of “breathing movement” that discharges it, and is mainly used to evaluate the function of the ventilator.

  However, the conventional model lung does not function as a metabolic model lung, although the lung originally has an important function related to respiratory metabolism of taking in oxygen and discharging carbon dioxide.

  For this purpose, various attempts have been made to create metabolic model lungs. In general, burning a candle or an alcohol lamp in the model lungs consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, Although this model was a metabolic model lung, this method has the disadvantage that handling is complicated due to the presence of fire in the model lung, and there is a risk of explosion when using high-concentration oxygen. Moreover, the ratio of the consumption of oxygen and the amount of carbon dioxide production is constant, and the adjustment range as a model lung is limited.

  As another method, a method of flowing carbon dioxide and nitrogen to the model lung is known, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide directly simulates the amount of carbon dioxide produced, but nitrogen is diluted with oxygen concentration. In this method, the oxygen concentration in the exhaled breath is lower than that in the inhalation, and the simulation of oxygen uptake is performed. This method is easy to operate and has a wide adjustment range. As excess gas will flow into the breathing circuit, there is a problem that the condition becomes different from the actual condition, and furthermore, when evaluating the performance of a ventilator that uses oxygen and air There is no problem as long as it is a model lung to be used, but it is inappropriate when performing simulation during anesthesia, which is usually performed in the absence of nitrogen.

  In other words, one is a model lung that consumes oxygen by burning a candle or an alcohol lamp in the model lung to make it a model lung for oxygen uptake, and the other is a relatively clever method, If the gas is not involved in respiratory metabolism, such as nitrogen gas, is diluted with the gas to reduce the oxygen concentration in the model lung, and if artificial respiration is performed Since the exhalation volume is constant, the ratio of the oxygen amount in the exhalation is decreased, and the result is the same as the state in which oxygen is ingested.

In addition, for example, the U-shaped support part of the bag limiter is inserted in the folds on both sides of the bag, the bag neck is sandwiched between the upper end locking parts, and a ventilator is connected to the neck. When operated, the bag portion expands and contracts in the thickness direction, but the side folds are blocked by the support portion and do not swell and do not collapse, so the relationship between volume and pressure is maintained normally (Patent Document 1) Or by charging the capacitor with a high-voltage power supply and closing the switch, applying a high voltage to the opposing rod-shaped electrode, repeatedly causing pulse arc discharge, flowing air or dry air during the discharge, and nitric oxide The resistor is for reducing the voltage of the electrode during the charging of the capacitor 2, and the generated nitrogen dioxide is removed by passing a gas through heated molybdenum, and it is incorporated into a ventilator. for That the nitric oxide inhalation device (see Patent Document 2) it has been disclosed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-216232 (first page) JP 2000-102616 A (first page)

  However, when the U-shaped support part of the bag limiter is put into the folds on both sides of the bag, the neck part of the bag is sandwiched by the locking part at the upper end, and the artificial respirator is connected to the neck part, the bag part is Although it expands and contracts in the thickness direction, the side folds are blocked by the support part and do not swell and do not collapse, so the relationship between volume and pressure is maintained normally. Instead, it simply expands and contracts the bag and causes the ventilator to inhale exhalation.

  Furthermore, by charging the capacitor with a high-voltage power supply and closing the switch, a high voltage is applied to the opposing rod-shaped electrodes, pulse arc discharge is repeatedly generated, and air or dry air is allowed to flow during the discharge, generating nitric oxide. The resistor is used to reduce the voltage of the electrode during charging of the capacitor. By passing a gas through heated molybdenum, the generated nitrogen dioxide is removed and incorporated into a ventilator for medical monoxide. In the case of a nitrogen inhaler, nitrogen gas that does not exist is flowed, and if you want to simulate the state during anesthesia, you will flow nitrogen gas that does not exist originally, and you can easily set the oxygen intake over a wide range It is something that cannot be done.

  In other words, the conventional methods of burning metabolic model lung candles and alcohol lamps are cumbersome to handle, and when used at high oxygen concentrations, there is a great risk of explosion, etc. The method of dilution increases the exhalation volume, and when you want to accurately simulate the state during anesthesia, you flow nitrogen gas that does not exist originally. Both methods make it easy to reduce oxygen intake over a wide range. In addition, although the actual exhalation is 100% relative humidity, there is a problem that this is not simulated at all.

  In view of the above-mentioned problems, the model lung having a function very similar to that of the living body of the present invention is an expanded / contracted gas container provided with a gas containing container that can be expanded / contracted by providing a simulated resistor at the inlet as a result of earnest study. A breathing gas connection system connected to the carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide supply system connected to a carbon dioxide supply means for supplying carbon dioxide to the expansion / contraction gas container, a solid polymer through the expansion / contraction gas container and a pump A breathing gas circulation system connected to oxygen / water exchange means using an electrolytic membrane, and an air supply system connected to air supply means via an oxygen / water exchange means and a heating humidifier are provided. The oxygen / water exchange means includes a cathode electrode and an anode electrode for applying a direct current from a power source on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and connects the respiratory gas circulation system to the cathode electrode side of the oxygen / water exchange means, An air supply system connected to the anode electrode side of the oxygen / water exchange means It is.

  The model lung of the present invention having a function similar to that of a living body is easy to handle, highly safe, can easily set oxygen intake over a wide range, and can produce exhaled gas with high relative humidity. Providing a model lung with functions very similar to those of a living body. The calibration of the metabolic monitor can be performed easily and accurately, and as a model lung for a patient simulator for anesthesia training, or for other research. It is an epoch-making and highly practical invention.

  The present invention relates to a model lung. More specifically, the present invention can simulate oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production indicating the state of respiratory metabolism, and has a function of creating exhaled breath with a high relative humidity. This relates to a model lung having a similar function, and is provided with a simulated resistor 2 at the inlet portion 1 to circulate the exhaled inspiratory gas connected to the expansion / contraction gas container 3 having a gas storage container 3a that can be expanded and contracted. A gas connection system 4, a carbon dioxide supply system 6 connected to a carbon dioxide supply means 5 for supplying carbon dioxide to the expansion / contraction gas container 3, and the expansion / contraction gas container 3 and the pump 7 are interposed. Respiratory gas circulation system 9 connected to oxygen / water exchange means 8 using solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a, and oxygen supply / water exchange means 8 and heating / humidifier 10 are connected to air supply means 11 Air supply system 12 The oxygen / water exchanging means 8 includes a cathode electrode 8b and an anode electrode 8c for applying a direct current from a power source 8d on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a. The air supply system 12 is connected to the anode electrode 8 c side of the oxygen / water exchange means 8 while being connected to the cathode electrode 8 b side of the means 8.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a model lung having an extremely similar function to a living body of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overview of an embodiment of a model lung having a very similar function to a living body of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating.

  That is, the model lung respiratory gas connection system 4 having a function very similar to a living body of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 1, a ventilator for evaluating the function of simulating oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production. A is connected to the inlet portion 1 of the expansion / contraction gas container 3 to be described later by providing a simulated resistor 2 with a narrowed air flow assuming the throat of the human body, and simulates exhalation or inspiration of the ventilator A The simulated resistor 2 can be adjusted in a wide range by changing the inner diameter of the simulated resistor 2 through the container 2 and the expansion / contraction gas container 3 described later.

  In the embodiment, the expansion / contraction gas container 3 is composed of two plate-like members 3c. Gas accommodating container 3a having an accordion portion that can be expanded and contracted between 3c, and two plate-like members 3c. The other end of 3c is connected to a retractable coil spring 3d. When exhalation is sent from ventilator A, it expands against the elasticity of coil spring 3d, and ventilator A Is reduced by the elasticity of the coil spring 3d, and in addition, the position of the coil spring 3d is moved in one end side direction or the other end side direction to expand or contract the gas containing container 3a. The pressure can be adjusted, thereby simulating lung compliance indicating the flexibility of the lung.

  Next, the carbon dioxide supply system 6 is connected to the carbon dioxide supply means 5 in order to supply the carbon dioxide gas to the gas containing container 3a of the expansion / contraction gas container 3, that is, the carbon dioxide supply means 5 is used in the embodiment. This is a carbon dioxide cylinder, and a flow meter 6a and an opening / closing valve 6b are interposed between the expansion / contraction gas container 3 and the carbon dioxide supply means 5.

  Next, the breathing gas circulation system 9 is formed by connecting the gas containing container 3a of the expansion / contraction gas container 3 and the oxygen / water exchange means 8 using the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a described later by two connecting pipes. Yes, that is, the gas in the gas storage container 3a flows into the oxygen / water exchange means 8 via the pump 7 in one connection pipe, and the gas storage container from the oxygen / water exchange means 8 in the other connection pipe. The gas is supplied to 3a and continuously circulated.

  Further, the air supply system 12 is connected to an oxygen / water exchange means 8 and an air supply means 11 described later, and the air supply means 11 is a compressor in the embodiment, and the oxygen / water exchange means 8 and the air supply. A heating humidifier 10 is interposed between the means 11 and a flow meter 12a and an open / close valve 12b are interposed between the heating humidifier 10 and the air supply means 11. It is.

  That is, the warming humidifier 10 warms the air supplied by the air supply means 11 to body temperature in accordance with human breathing and humidifies to 100% relative humidity in accordance with human breathing.

  The oxygen / water exchanging means 8 uses a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a is, for example, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, and is porous on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a. A cathode electrode 8b and an anode electrode 8c are used as a film, and the cathode electrode 8b and the anode electrode 8c are connected to a power source 8d to apply a direct current.

  Next, a respiratory gas circulation system 9 is connected to the cathode electrode 8b side of the oxygen / water exchange means 8, and an air supply system 12 is connected to the anode electrode 8c side of the oxygen / water exchange means 8. .

  That is, by applying a DC voltage between the cathode electrode 8b and the anode electrode 8c on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a, protons (H +) move through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a. As the humidity on the cathode electrode 8b side increases, the oxygen concentration decreases.

  The amount of movement of protons (H +) is proportional to the amount of coulomb (current × time). The larger the area of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a, the larger the amount of movement of protons (H +). By using the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a having an area capable of setting the intake amount and adjusting the current, the desired oxygen intake amount can be accurately set over a wide range.

  The model lung having a function very similar to that of a living body according to the present invention is an inflation / decompression gas that allows exhalation or inhalation from the ventilator A to evaluate the function capable of simulating oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production. The gas containing container 3a of the expansion / contraction gas container 3 is expanded and contracted by being transferred to the gas storage container 3a of the container 3 by the breathing gas connection system 4, and exhaled air or inspiration is transferred from the inlet portion 1. Exhaled air or inhaled air that has been transferred to the gas containing container 3a of the gas container 3 is connected to the cathode electrode 8b side of the oxygen / water exchanging means 8 by the breathing gas circulation system 9 between the expiration side and the inspiration side. It is circulated by a pump 7 interposed between the two.

  Next, an air supply system 12 is connected to the anode 8c side of the oxygen / water exchange means 8, and air is sent from the air supply means 11, and the air to be sent is sent by a heating humidifier 10. Sufficient temperature and humidity can be added.

  Further, a direct current from the power source 8d is applied to the cathode electrode 8b and the anode electrode 8c on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a of the oxygen / water exchange means 8, and the direct current is applied, which will be described later. As expressed by the mathematical formula, protons (H +) move through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a. As the proton (H +) moves, the humidity on the cathode electrode 8b side increases and the oxygen concentration decreases.

  On the other hand, carbon dioxide is supplied from the carbon dioxide supply means 5 to the gas containing container 3a of the expansion / contraction gas container 3 by the carbon dioxide supply system 6 when inhaling the ventilator A.

  According to the measurement in the example, 1/36 mol of oxygen (622 m?) Is consumed by the movement of 1 g of water, and the heating / humidifying device 10 is sufficient for the anode 8c side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8a. By supplying a sufficient amount of water, humidity is supplied and oxygen is ingested. Carbon dioxide is produced by flowing it into the gas containing container 3 of the expansion / contraction gas container 3 by the carbon dioxide supply system 6 as usual. It can be realized.

  Furthermore, a model lung having a function very similar to that of a living body is usually required to be set within a range of oxygen intake 0 to 1200 m? / 1 min and carbon dioxide production 0 to 500 m? / 1 min. This is enough to cope with this.

  The model lung of the present invention having a function similar to that of a living body is easy to handle, highly safe, can easily set oxygen intake over a wide range, and can produce exhaled gas with high relative humidity. It is a model lung with a function very similar to that of a living body, and the metabolism monitor can be easily and accurately calibrated. It can be used as a model lung for a patient simulator for anesthesia training, or for other research purposes. It can be simulated.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an outline of an embodiment of a model lung having a function very similar to a living body of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

A ventilator 1 inlet 2 simulated resistor 3 expansion / contraction gas container 3a gas storage container 3b hinge 3c plate member 3d coil spring 4 breathing gas connection system 5 carbon dioxide supply means 6 carbon dioxide supply system 6a flow meter 6b opening / closing valve DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 7 Pump 8 Oxygen / water exchange means 8a Solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8b Cathode side electrode 8c Anode side electrode 8d Power supply 9 Respiratory gas circulation system 10 Heating humidifier 11 Air supply means 12 Air supply system 12a Flow meter 12b Open / close valve

Claims (1)

A breathing gas connection system connected to an expansion / contraction gas container provided with a gas containing container provided with a simulated resistor at the inlet, and carbon dioxide supply for supplying carbon dioxide to the expansion / contraction gas container A carbon dioxide gas supply system connected to the means; a breathing gas circulation system for circulating the exhaled breath connected to the oxygen / water exchange means using a solid polymer electrolyte membrane via the expansion / contraction gas container and a pump; The oxygen / water exchange means and an air supply system connected to the air supply means via a warming humidifier are provided, and the oxygen / water exchange means is connected to a power source on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A cathode electrode and an anode electrode for applying a direct current, and connecting the respiratory gas circulation system to the cathode electrode side of the oxygen / water exchange means, and connecting the air supply system to the anode electrode side of the oxygen / water exchange means Very similar to a living body, characterized by being connected to Model lung with Noh.

Images