JP2005196881A - Data recording method, data recording apparatus, and recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent destruction of a file system or disablement of a recording medium having possibility of being caused by trouble in system information update processing. <P>SOLUTION: In a data recording apparatus 1, destruction of a file system or disablement of a recording medium caused by trouble during processing in which control information about recorded data is updated can be prevented by recording backup information of file allocation information and backup information of route directory in a peculiar region of a mini-disk, and a file system having high reliability can be constructed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a data recording method and a data recording apparatus, and more particularly, to a data recording method and a data recording apparatus for recording data on a recording medium on which data is recorded in a format that emphasizes editability.

  In recent years, various technologies for increasing the capacity of recording media such as disks have been developed. There is also a need to be able to freely record and reproduce various data, such as audio data and data for computer use, for one medium. However, regarding the development of general-purpose media, compatibility and consistency of conventional recording / reproducing devices and the like are also important. Also, from a physical viewpoint, it is preferable that old assets can be used effectively.

  An example is the Mini Disc (MD (registered trademark)), which is currently widely used. As is well known, the mini-disc is a magneto-optical disc having a diameter of 64 mm and can record and reproduce audio data such as music. In a minidisc, audio data is recorded with the data amount compressed to 1/5 to 1/10 by the ATRAC method. Taking audio data as an example, recording for about 80 to 160 minutes is possible. The mini-disc is a file system that realizes high editability such as dividing (dividing), linking (combining), erasing (erasing), and moving (track number move) with respect to recorded data.

  Content data such as music and video recorded on package media such as CD-DA (Compact Disc Digital Audio) and DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) is played on a personal computer (PC), and the HDD (Hard Disc Drive) of the PC Is used as a primary recording medium, and a technique for duplicating (copying) or moving (moving) it onto a mini-disc as a secondary recording medium is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  In Patent Document 1, data transfer is performed at the time of data transfer between a PC and a terminal, content right management is performed even when content data (data that is a unit of music or the like called a track) is edited, and SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) The so-called check-in (right transfer) / check-out (right return) consistency is achieved.

  Since audio mini-discs are easily available to users, it would be convenient if this mini-disc could be used widely for purposes other than music, such as data storage media for computers. In addition to being as small as about 160 MB, there is no area for recording copyright protection information such as media-specific IDs. Therefore, when it is assumed that it is used for music video distribution or the like as a wide range of data storage, there is a problem that it is not possible to respond to a request for copyright protection of distributed content. In addition, since a management system (PTOC (Premastered Table Of Contents), UTOC (User Table Of Contents)) using a unique management area other than the audio data recording area is adopted, for example, a general-purpose file system such as a FAT system is used. It is difficult to respond to Further, when data other than audio is recorded on a track managed by UTOC, problems such as abnormal noise being generated during reproduction by many audio devices (MD players) may occur. In other words, when it is assumed that the audio mini-disc is used as a general-purpose storage medium, special information such as recording capacity, management system, copyright protection and the like, problems with old models, etc. have been problems.

  As a standard for recording data other than audio data in a mini-disc system, a disc standard called “MD-DATA” or “MD-CLIP” has already been developed, but MD-DATA is an audio MD. The above-mentioned demands are not satisfied, such as a different dedicated disk, a point that can only be used by an MD-DATA compatible recording / reproducing apparatus, and a recording capacity of about 140 MB. The MD-CLIP uses an audio MD and uses an inner peripheral portion that is not subject to UTOC management. Therefore, there is no inconvenience in a conventional audio device, but the general-purpose data recording area is only about 2 MB. Therefore, the use was naturally limited.

  Therefore, by making improvements such as narrowing the track pitch, changing the linear velocity and modulation method, etc., the recording data can be densified. Next-generation mini-discs that have solved the above-mentioned problems have been proposed. These next generation mini-discs adopt a new management data configuration different from UTOC, and different from conventional mini-discs recorded in plain text, specific data is encrypted and recorded. In the next-generation mini-disc, data such as music content and video content for which copyright is generated is recorded in a secure area in a predetermined format, and can be reproduced only by a device that can refer to the secure area. Mini-discs adopting a new modulation method enable recording and reproduction of high-quality music data for a long time, so the number of songs managed on one disc is enormous. In addition, this mini disk is compatible with a computer by managing data using a FAT file system.

  However, a file system such as the FAT file system has a problem in that the file system is destroyed when the system information update process is interrupted due to power interruption or the like during the system information update such as data recording. Further, in order to protect the copyright of the recorded content data, when recording copyright information on the mini-disc and recording falsification check information for checking the falsification of the content, the file system update process is started. If the update process is interrupted before the falsification check information is updated, the falsification check is NG, and this disk may become unusable.

JP 2002-373470 A

  The present invention is a data recording method capable of avoiding the destruction of a file system or the unavailability of a recording medium that may be caused by a failure during the system information update process, and capable of constructing a highly secure file system and An object is to provide a data recording apparatus.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, a data recording method according to the present invention updates management information including data recording location information on a recording medium and stores the management information before the update as a backup information in a unique area of the recording medium. And a step of reading the backup information stored in the unique area when the management information is not updated completely.

  In addition, there is a step of updating the content unit information for each content unit of the content data recorded on the recording medium and storing the content unit information before the update in a unique area of the recording medium as backup information.

  Furthermore, it has a recording step of recording falsification check information for checking falsification of content data recorded on the recording medium in a predetermined area, from the start of updating the management information until the update of the improvement check information is completed. During this time, backup information is retained. Here, when the content data is music data, the content unit is a track as a delimiter for each music.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the data recording apparatus according to the present invention updates the management information including the recording location information of the data in the recording medium and uses the management information before the update as the backup information as a unique area of the recording medium. Control means for performing backup control to be stored in the storage, and the control means reads backup information stored in the unique area when the update of the management information is incomplete.

  Here, the control means updates the content unit information for each content unit of the content data recorded on the recording medium, and stores the content unit information before the update as backup information in a unique area of the recording medium. Further, the control means records falsification check information for checking falsification of the content data recorded on the recording medium in a predetermined area of the recording medium and completes the update of the improvement check information from the start of updating the management information. Until that time, backup information is retained. When the content data is music data, the content unit is a track as a delimiter for each music.

  Furthermore, the recording medium according to the present invention stores an area for recording data, an area for recording management information including the recording location information of the data, and management information before update as backup information when data is recorded or updated. With its own area. Here, the unique area is provided in an area that cannot be reproduced by the reproducing apparatus of the recording medium.

  According to the data recording method and the data recording apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to avoid the destruction of the file system or the unavailability of the recording medium caused by the trouble during the process of updating the management information. Construction is possible.

  The data recording apparatus according to the present invention is a recording / reproducing apparatus for a recording medium capable of handling different data created in different formats such as audio data and PC data. The recording medium can be used without limitation as long as the recording medium is characterized by being capable of large-capacity recording, such as a semiconductor memory or a disk-shaped recording medium, but in this specific example, a mini-disk that is a disk-shaped magneto-optical recording medium. A disk (registered trademark) is used. In particular, the data recording apparatus shown as this specific example realizes higher recording data density by adding improvements such as narrowing the track pitch and changing the linear velocity and modulation method in addition to the conventional mini-disc, Also, it supports a next-generation mini disc provided with a normal recording area and a secret area (secure area) that can be used by authentication.

  In this next-generation mini disc, data is encrypted and recorded on the disc, unlike a conventional mini disc which is recorded in plain text when the disc is recorded. In this minidisc, data such as music content and video content for which copyrights are generated is recorded in a secret area in a predetermined format, and can be reproduced only by a device that can refer to the secret area. In this specific example, music content is taken as content, and audio data in the ATRAC (registered trademark) format is handled as specific data that can be recorded in this secret area. Audio data other than ATRAC, such as MP3 (MPEG1 Audio Layer-3) format and WMA (Windows Media Audio) format, data such as image data and text data are recorded in the normal recording area. Details of the next generation mini-disc having a secret area and a normal recording area will be described later.

  First, a data management structure of a mini-disc that can be used in the data recording apparatus 1 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Since this mini-disc adopting a new modulation system enables recording and reproduction of high-quality music data for a long time, the number of songs managed on one disc is enormous. Also, this mini-disc is managed using a FAT system to achieve compatibility with a computer. However, this has the merit of improving usability, but by taking music data into HDD of computers etc., it is illegally copied illegally to other recording media, and the copyright holder may not be protected. There is sex. Therefore, this next-generation mini disc employs a data management system that can withstand use as a so-called multimedia disc.

  The mini-disc 2 refers to a subdirectory by management information such as file allocation information (FAT) and root directory (ROOT) indicating data recording location information, and further, music data by track information designated as the subdirectory. The file is configured to be usable. In the disc system using the data recording / reproducing apparatus using the next generation mini disc, falsification check information (ICV) for protecting the copyright of the recorded content cannot be managed by the PC provided at the innermost peripheral position. It is recorded in its own area. The content data is further subjected to predetermined encryption. The unique area is, for example, an area provided in a next-generation mini-disc that does not use pre-pits in order to increase the density, and is an area recorded by a method different from the data recording method. In this unique area, information for copyright protection, information for checking data falsification, and other non-public information are recorded.

  Note that FIG. 1 shows the case of music data as an example of content data, and tamper check information 1 and tamper check information 2 are prepared. A specific example of the data management method in this mini disk will be described in detail later.

  As described above, when the recording data is managed by the FAT file system, the file system is destroyed if the system information updating process is interrupted due to power interruption or the like during the system information updating at the time of data recording or the like. Furthermore, when there is information for the purpose of protecting the copyright of the content data recorded like the disc of this specific example, for example, the update process is interrupted between the file system update process and the tamper check information update. As a result, not only the content being updated, but also the disc itself cannot be used.

  Therefore, in this specific example, as shown in FIG. 2, the backup information of the file allocation information and the backup information of the root directory are recorded in the unique area of the minidisk. In this specific example, track information including encryption information for encrypting music contents such as a track index file (TIF), a MAC file, and an EKB file necessary for reproducing the music contents is referred to. Backup information for this track information is prepared. Also, prepare backup information for subdirectories. However, the track information backup and the subdirectory backup are recorded in a normal accessible area other than the original area. The data recording apparatus 1 is provided with a memory for storing a system update flag so that it can be counted whether backup has been performed.

  Hereinafter, backup processing by the data recording apparatus 1 will be described. FIG. 3 shows a TOC write process when data is newly added or recorded data is updated with respect to a mini-disk managed by the FAT file system. In step S1, the data recording apparatus 1 first mechanically locks the disk mounting mechanism so that the mini disk cannot be taken out with the data update process. Next, in step S2, music data update processing is started. In subsequent step S3, it is determined whether or not the track information file before update is recorded at a predetermined location. If there is a track information file before update, in step S4, the file name of the track information file before update is changed to make a backup file, and in step S5, the track information after update is added as a new track information file. To do.

  In step S6, the data recording apparatus 1 determines whether there is a subdirectory file before update. If there is a subdirectory file before update, in step S7, the file name of the subdirectory file before update is changed to make a backup file, and in step S8, the updated subdirectory is added as a new subdirectory. . In step S9, the data recording device 1 records the root directory and file allocation information before the update in a unique area in a backup, and sets the system update flag of the nonvolatile memory prepared in the data recording device 1 to 1 in step S10.

  Next, in step S11, the root directory and file allocation information are updated, and in step S12, falsification check information 1 is updated. Further, in step S13, the data recording apparatus 1 sets the system update flag of the nonvolatile memory to 0, and updates the falsification check information 2 in step S14.

  Next, FIG. 4 shows a case where TOC reading is performed with reference to the information backed up as described above. In the case of TOC read, the process up to step S8 is the same as the TOC write process. Therefore, step S21 to step S29 in FIG. 4 correspond to step S1 to step S8 in FIG. After the subdirectory is updated, the data recording apparatus 1 checks the system update flag in step S29. If the system update flag is 1, the file allocation information and the root directory backup data are written back to the file allocation information and the root directory in step S30, and the disk mounting mechanism is unlocked in step S31. If the system update flag is 0 in step S29, the process proceeds to step S31. Next, in step S32, the data recording apparatus 1 executes normal TOC read processing, and in step S33, checks the disc tampering check information and the track information, and ends the processing.

  As described above, when the update is interrupted between step 1 and step S8 shown in FIG. 3, the data recording apparatus 1 has all the states before the update, and therefore, the step S30 shown in FIG. When the file is read as usual and the update is interrupted between step S9 and step S12, the root directory / file allocation information before update is restored from the unique area and read at step S30 shown in FIG. Thus, it is possible to restore the music data even when the update process is interrupted at any timing. If the update process is interrupted after step S13, the updated information may be restored.

  Hereinafter, a data recording apparatus shown as a specific example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The data recorded in the secret area in the mini-disc applied in this specific example is an audio file, and here is data based on the ATRAC (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding) method, the ATRAC3 method, and the ATRAC3plus method. As shown in FIG. 5, the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 includes a media drive unit 11, a memory transfer controller 12, a cluster buffer memory 13, an auxiliary memory 14, USB interfaces 15 and 16, a USB hub 17, and a system. A controller 18 and an audio data processing unit 19 are provided. The data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 can be connected to a personal computer (hereinafter referred to as a PC) 100, and can use a mini-disc as an audio data recording medium, and can also be used as an external storage such as a PC.

  The media drive unit 11 in the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 performs recording and / or reproduction with respect to the loaded mini disc 90. The internal configuration of the media drive unit 11 will be described later.

  The memory transfer controller 12 performs transmission / reception control of reproduction data from the media drive unit 11 or recording data supplied to the media drive unit 11. The cluster buffer memory 13 buffers data read by the media drive unit 11 from the data track of the mini disk 90 in units of high-density data clusters based on the control of the memory transfer controller 12. The auxiliary memory 14 includes various management information such as UTOC data read from the mini-disc 90 by the media drive unit 11, information for copyright protection recorded in a secret area, information for data tampering check, limited The external device information or the like that permits access is stored under the control of the memory transfer controller 12.

  The system controller 18 can communicate with the PC 100 connected via the USB interface 16 and the USB hub 17, and performs communication control with the PC 100 to execute commands such as a write request and a read request. It performs reception, status information, transmission of other necessary information, etc., and overall control of the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1. For example, when the mini-disc 90 is loaded in the media drive unit 11, the system controller 18 instructs the media drive unit 11 to read out management information from the mini-disc 90, and the PTOC read by the memory transfer controller 12. Management information such as UTOC is stored in the auxiliary memory 14. The system controller 18 grasps the track recording state of the mini-disc 90 by reading these management information. Also, an area for recording content management information including file information of recorded content data and encryption information for each content unit of recorded content data is secured in a predetermined area on the innermost circumference of the mini-disc at the time of disc initialization. To do.

  Then, when there is a read request for a FAT sector from the PC 100, the system controller 18 gives a signal to the media drive unit 11 to read the data cluster including the FAT sector. The read data cluster is written into the cluster buffer memory 13 by the memory transfer controller 12. However, when the data of the FAT sector has already been stored in the cluster buffer memory 13, reading by the media drive unit 11 is not necessary. At this time, the system controller 18 gives a signal for reading out the requested FAT sector data from the data of the high-density data cluster written in the cluster buffer memory 13, and the PC 100 via the USB interface 15 and the USB hub 17. Control to transmit to or to perform audio playback processing.

  Further, when there is a write request to a certain FAT sector from the PC 100, the system controller 18 causes the media drive unit 11 to read a data cluster including this FAT sector based on the auxiliary memory 14. The read data cluster is written into the cluster buffer memory 13 by the memory transfer controller 12. However, when the data of the FAT sector has already been stored in the cluster buffer memory 13, reading by the media drive unit 11 is not necessary. The system controller 18 supplies the FAT sector data (recording data) transmitted from the PC 100 to the memory transfer controller 12 via the USB interface 15 and rewrites the data in the corresponding FAT sector on the cluster buffer memory 13. .

  Further, the system controller 18 instructs the memory transfer controller 12 to transfer the data cluster data stored in the cluster buffer memory 13 to the media drive unit 11 as recording data in a state where necessary FAT sectors are rewritten. At this time, the media drive unit 11 modulates and writes the recording data of the data cluster by the modulation method supported by the mounted mini disk.

  By the way, as in this specific example, when the mini-disc 90 has a secret area and a normal recording area, and data to be recorded in each area is determined in advance, the system controller 18 stores data to be recorded and reproduced. The media drive unit is instructed to access based on the recording area designated according to whether it is an audio track or a data track. In the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1, it is possible to perform control to permit recording of only one of PC data and audio data on the mounted mini disc 90 and prohibit recording of other data. . That is, control can be performed so that PC data and audio data are not mixed.

  In the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 shown as the specific example, the recording / reproducing control described above is a control when recording / reproducing the data track, and the data transfer when recording / reproducing the MD audio data (audio track) is: This is performed via the audio data processing unit 19.

  The audio data processing unit 19 includes, as an input system, for example, an analog audio signal input unit such as a line input circuit / microphone input circuit, an A / D converter, and a digital audio data input unit. The audio data processing unit 19 includes an ATRAC compression encoder / decoder and a compressed data buffer memory. Furthermore, the audio data processing unit 19 includes an analog audio signal output unit such as a digital audio data output unit, a D / A converter, and a line output circuit / headphone output circuit as an output system.

  An audio track is recorded on the mini disc 90 when digital audio data (or an analog audio signal) is input to the audio data processing unit 19. Linear PCM audio data that is input as linear PCM digital audio data or analog audio signals and then converted by an A / D converter is subjected to ATRAC compression encoding and stored in a buffer memory. Thereafter, the data is read from the buffer memory at a predetermined timing (data unit corresponding to the ADIP cluster) and transferred to the media drive unit 11. In the media drive unit 11, the transferred compressed data is modulated by the EFM modulation method or the RLL (1-7) PP modulation method, and written as an audio track in the secret area of the mini-disc 90. Data compressed by a compression method other than ATRAC is written as general data in the normal recording area.

  When reproducing the audio track from the mini-disc 90, the media drive unit 11 demodulates the reproduction data into the ATRAC compressed data state and transfers it to the audio data processing unit 19. The audio data processing unit 19 performs ATRAC compression decoding to obtain linear PCM audio data, which is output from the digital audio data output unit. Alternatively, line output / headphone output is performed as an analog audio signal by a D / A converter.

  The configuration shown in FIG. 5 is an example. For example, when the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 is connected to the PC 100 and used as an external storage device that records and reproduces only the data track, the audio data processing unit 19 is unnecessary. On the other hand, when the main purpose is to record and reproduce audio signals, it is preferable to include the audio data processing unit 19 and further to include an operation unit and a display unit as a user interface. The connection with the PC 100 is not limited to USB, but, for example, a so-called IEEE 1394 interface conforming to a standard established by IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) The connection interface can be applied.

  Next, a specification example of the mini disk 90 used in this specific example will be described. The physical format of conventional mini-discs (and MD-DATA) is defined as follows. The track pitch is 1.6 μm and the bit length is 0.59 μm / bit. The laser wavelength λ is λ = 780 nm, and the aperture ratio of the optical head is NA = 0.45. As a recording system, a groove recording system that uses grooves (grooves on the disk board surface) as tracks for recording and reproduction is adopted. As an address system, a single spiral groove is formed on the disk surface, wobbles meandering at a predetermined frequency (22.05 KHz) are formed on both sides of the groove, and the absolute address is set to the above frequency. Is used as a reference and recorded on a wobbled groove track. In the present specification, an absolute address recorded as wobble is also referred to as ADIP (Address in Pre-groove).

  In the conventional MD, recording is performed by adding 4 sectors as link sectors to 32 sectors as the main data portion and totaling 36 sectors as one cluster unit. The ADIP signal is composed of a cluster address and a sector address. The cluster address is composed of an 8-bit cluster H and an 8-bit cluster L, and the sector address is composed of a 4-bit sector. The conventional mini-disc employs an EFM (8-14 conversion) modulation method as a recording data modulation method. As an error correction method, ACIRC (Advanced Cross Interleave Reed-Solomon Code) is used. A convolution type is adopted for data interleaving. As a result, the data redundancy is 46.3%.

  Further, the data detection method in the conventional mini-disc is a bit-by-bit method, and CLV (Constant Linear Velocity) is adopted as the disc driving method. The linear velocity of CLV is 1.2 m / s. The standard data rate at the time of recording and reproduction is 133 kB / s, and the recording capacity is 164 MB (140 MB in MD-DATA). Further, the minimum data rewrite unit (unit cluster) is composed of 36 sectors including 32 main sectors and 4 link sectors as described above.

  In addition to the conventional mini-disc, the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 used in this specific example realizes an increase in the density of recorded data by adding improvements such as narrowing the track pitch and changing the linear velocity and modulation method. Also, it supports a next-generation mini disc provided with a normal recording area and a secret area (secure area) that can be used by authentication. Two types of next-generation minidiscs have been proposed.

  The next generation MD1 has the same physical specifications as the conventional mini-disc and the recording medium. Therefore, the track pitch is 1.6 μm, the laser wavelength λ is λ = 780 nm, and the aperture ratio of the optical head is NA = 0.45. As a recording method, a groove recording method is adopted. The address system uses ADIP. As described above, since the optical system configuration, ADIP address reading method, and servo processing in the disk drive device are the same as those of the conventional mini disk, compatibility with the conventional disk is achieved. The next generation MD1 adopts the RLL (1-7) PP modulation method (RLL: Run Length Limited, PP: Parity preserve / Prohibit rmtr (repeated minimum transition runlength)) suitable for high-density recording as the modulation method of recording data. doing. Further, as an error correction method, an RS-LDC (Reed Solomon-Long Distance Code) method with BIS (Burst Indicator Subcode) having higher correction capability is used. In the above data structure, data interleaving is a block completion type. As a result, the data redundancy becomes 20.50%. Further, a Viterbi decoding method based on PR (1, 2, 1) ML is used as a data detection method.

  A CLV system is used as the disk drive system, and its linear velocity is 2.4 m / s. The standard data rate at the time of recording / reproducing is 4.4 MB / s. By adopting this method, the total recording capacity can be set to 300 MB. Since the window margin is changed from 0.5 to 0.666 by changing the modulation method from EFM to RLL (1-7) PP, 1.33 times higher density can be realized. A cluster, which is the minimum data rewrite unit, is composed of 16 sectors and 64 kB. Since the recording modulation system is changed from the CIRC system to the RS-LDC system with BIS and the system using the difference in sector structure and Viterbi decoding, the data efficiency is increased from 53.7% to 79.5%. 48 times higher density can be realized. Taken together, the next generation MD1 can have a recording capacity of 300 MB, which is about twice that of the conventional mini-disc.

  On the other hand, the next-generation MD2 is a recording medium to which high-density recording technology such as a domain wall displacement detection method (DWDD: Domain Wall Placement Detection) is applied. The format is different. The next generation MD2 has a track pitch of 1.25 μm and a bit length of 0.16 μm / bit, and is densified in the line direction. In addition, in order to be compatible with the conventional mini disk and the next generation MD1, the optical system, the reading method, the servo processing, etc. are in accordance with the conventional standard, the laser wavelength λ is λ = 780 nm, and the aperture ratio of the optical head is NA = 0.45. The recording method is a groove recording method, and the address method is a method using ADIP. The external form of the housing is the same as that of the conventional mini-disc and next-generation MD1.

  However, when reading the narrower track pitch and linear density (bit length) than the conventional one using an optical system equivalent to the conventional mini-disc and next-generation MD1, the cross track from the detrack margin, land and groove is used. It is necessary to eliminate constraints on talk, wobble crosstalk, focus leakage, CT signals, and the like. Therefore, the next generation MD2 is characterized in that the groove depth, inclination, width and the like of the groove are changed. Specifically, the groove depth of the groove is determined to be 160 nm to 180 nm, the inclination is 60 ° to 70 °, and the width is 600 nm to 800 nm.

  The next generation MD2 is an RLL (1-7) PP modulation system (RLL: Run Length Limited, PP: Parity preserve / Prohibit rmtr (repeated minimum transition runlength)) suitable for high-density recording as a modulation system for recording data. Is adopted. Further, as an error correction method, an RS-LDC (Reed Solomon-Long Distance Code) method with BIS (Burst Indicator Subcode) having higher correction capability is used. Data interleaving is a block-complete type. As a result, the data redundancy becomes 20.50%. As a data detection method, a Viterbi decoding method based on PR (1, -1) ML is used. A cluster which is the minimum data rewrite unit is composed of 16 sectors and 64 kB.

  The disk drive system uses a ZCAV (Zone Constant Angular Velocity) system, and the linear velocity is 2.0 m / s. The standard data rate at the time of recording / reproducing is 9.8 MB / s. Therefore, in the next generation MD2, the total recording capacity can be reduced to 1 GB by adopting the DWDD method and this driving method.

  An example of the area structure on the board of the next generation MD1 shown in this specific example is schematically shown in FIGS. The next-generation MD1 is the same medium as a conventional mini-disc, and a PTOC (Premastered Table Of Contents) is provided as a pre-mastered area on the innermost circumference side of the disc. Here, disc management information is recorded as embossed pits due to physical structural deformation. The outer periphery of the pre-mastered area is a recordable area capable of magneto-optical recording, and is a recordable / reproducible area in which a groove as a guide groove of a recording track is formed. The innermost peripheral side of this recordable area is a UTOC (User Table Of Contents) area. In this UTOC area, UTOC information is described, a buffer area with a pre-mastered area, and output of laser light. A power calibration area used for power adjustment and the like is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the next-generation MD2 does not use prepits in order to increase the density. Therefore, the next generation MD2 has no PTOC area. The next-generation MD2 has a unique ID area (UID) for recording information for copyright protection, information for checking data falsification, other non-public information, etc. in the inner peripheral area of the recordable area. Is provided. This UID area is recorded by a recording method different from the DWDD method applied to the next generation MD2.

  Note that audio data tracks and data tracks for music data can be recorded together on each disk described here. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, an audio recording area AA in which at least one audio track is recorded in the data area and a PC data recording area DA in which at least one data track is recorded are each arbitrarily set. Will be formed at the position. A series of audio tracks and data tracks are not necessarily recorded physically continuously on the disc, and may be divided into a plurality of parts and recorded. A part refers to a section that is physically continuously recorded. That is, even when there are two PC data recording areas physically separated on the disk, the number of data tracks may be one or plural.

  Next, the disk management structure of this example will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 shows the data management structure of the next generation MD1, and FIG. 10 shows the data management structure of the next generation MD2.

  Since the next-generation MD1 is the same medium as the conventional mini-disc as described above, the PTOC is recorded in the next-generation MD1 by the non-rewritable embossed pit as used in the conventional mini-disc. . In this PTOC, the total capacity of the disc, the UTOC position in the UTOC area, the position of the power calibration area, the start position of the data area, the end position of the data area (leadout position), etc. are recorded as management information.

  In the next-generation MD1, ADIP addresses 0000 to 0002 are provided with a power calibration area (Rec Power Calibration Area) for adjusting the laser writing output. In subsequent 0003 to 0005, UTOC is recorded. The UTOC includes management information that is rewritten in accordance with recording / erasing of a track (audio track / data track), and manages the start position, end position, and the like of each track and parts constituting the track. It also manages free areas in which no tracks have been recorded in the data area, that is, writable area parts. On the UTOC, the entire PC data is managed as one track that does not depend on MD audio data. Therefore, even if audio tracks and data tracks are mixedly recorded, the recording position of PC data divided into a plurality of parts can be managed.

  The UTOC data is recorded in a specific ADIP cluster in the UTOC area, and the contents of the UTOC data are defined for each sector in the ADIP cluster. Specifically, UTOC sector 0 (the first ADIP sector in this ADIP cluster) manages parts corresponding to tracks or free areas, and UTOC sector 1 and sector 4 manage character information corresponding to tracks. ing. In the UTOC sector 2, information for managing the recording date and time corresponding to the track is written.

  The UTOC sector 0 is a data area in which recorded data, a recordable unrecorded area, and data management information are recorded. For example, when recording data on a disk, the disk drive device searches for an unrecorded area on the disk from UTOC sector 0 and records the data here. At the time of reproduction, an area where a data track to be reproduced is recorded is determined from UTOC sector 0, and the area is accessed to perform a reproduction operation.

  In the next generation MD1, the PTOC and UTOC are recorded as data modulated by a method based on the conventional mini-disc system, here, the EFM modulation method. Therefore, the next generation MD1 has an area recorded as data modulated by the EFM modulation method and an area recorded as high-density data modulated by the RS-LDC and RLL (1-7) PP modulation methods. It will be.

  Further, the alert track described in the ADIP address 0032 is used to notify that even if the next generation MD1 is inserted into the conventional minidisk disk driver device, this medium is not compatible with the conventional minidisk disk driver device. Is stored. This information may be audio data such as “This disc is in a format not compatible with this playback device” or warning sound data. Further, if it is a disk driver device provided with a display unit, data for displaying this fact may be used. This alert track is recorded by an EFM modulation method so that it can be read by a disk driver device corresponding to a conventional mini disk.

  In the ADIP address 0034, a disc description table (DDT) representing disc information of the next generation MD1 is recorded. In the DDT, a format type, the total number of logical clusters in the disk, an ID unique to the medium, update information of this DDT, defective cluster information, and the like are described.

  Since the DDT area is recorded as high-density data modulated by the RS-LDC and RLL (1-7) PP modulation schemes, a guard band area is provided between the alert track and the DDT.

  In addition, the youngest ADIP address where high-density data modulated by the RLL (1-7) PP modulation method is recorded, that is, the head address of the DDT, has a logical cluster number (LCN) of 0000. ) Is attached. One logical cluster is 65,536 bytes, and this logical cluster is the minimum unit for reading and writing. The ADIP addresses 0006 to 0031 are reserved.

  Subsequent ADIP addresses 0036 to 0038 are provided with a secure area that can be disclosed by authentication. This secure area manages the attributes of each cluster constituting the data, such as whether it can be disclosed or not. In particular, in this secure area, information for copyright protection, information for data falsification check, and the like are recorded. Moreover, various other non-public information can be recorded. This unpublishable area is limitedly accessible only by specially authorized external devices, and includes information for authenticating the accessible external devices.

  From the ADIP address 0038, a user area (arbitrary data length) that can be written and read freely and a spare area (data length 8) are described. When the data recorded in the user area is arranged in ascending order of LCN, it is divided into user sectors (User Sector) with 2048 bytes as one unit from the top, and from the external device such as a PC, the top user sector User sector number (USN) with 0000 set to 0000 is managed by the FAT file system.

  Next, the data management structure of the next generation MD2 will be described with reference to FIG. The next generation MD2 does not have a PTOC area. Therefore, all disc management information such as total disc capacity, power calibration area position, data area start position, and data area end position (leadout position) is included in the ADIP information as a PDPT (Preformat Disc Parameter Table). Has been recorded. Data is modulated by the RS-LDC and RLL (1-7) PP modulation system with BIS and recorded by the DWDD system.

  Further, a laser power calibration area (PCA) is provided in the lead-in area and the lead-out area. In the next generation MD2, LCN is attached with the ADIP address following PCA as 0000.

  In the next generation MD2, a control area corresponding to the UTOC area in the next generation MD1 is prepared. FIG. 10 shows a unique ID area (Unique ID; UID) for recording information for copyright protection, information for data falsification check, other non-public information, etc. This UID area is recorded at a further inner peripheral position of the lead-in area by a recording method different from the normal DWDD method.

  Both the next-generation MD1 and next-generation MD2 files are managed based on the FAT file system. For example, each data track has its own FAT file system. Alternatively, one FAT file system can be recorded over a plurality of data tracks.

  Next, the peripheral configuration of the media drive unit 11 and the audio data processing unit 19 in the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  In order to record / reproduce the mini-disc 90, the media drive unit 11 performs recording on a next-generation mini-disc and a configuration for executing EFM modulation and ACIRC encoding for recording a conventional mini-disc, particularly as a recording processing system. And a configuration for executing RLL (1-7) PP modulation and RS-LDC encoding. In addition, as a playback processing system, a configuration for executing conventional EFM demodulation and ACIRC decoding for playback of mini-discs, and data detection using PR (1, 2, 1) ML and Viterbi decoding for playback of next-generation mini-discs It is characteristic that it has a configuration for executing RLL (1-7) demodulation and RS-LDC decoding based on the above.

  The media drive unit 11 rotationally drives the loaded mini disk 90 by the spindle motor 21 by the CLV method or the ZCAV method. At the time of recording / reproduction, the mini-disc 90 is irradiated with laser light from the optical head 22.

  The optical head 22 performs a high level laser output for heating the recording track to the Curie temperature during recording, and a relatively low level laser output for detecting data from reflected light by the magnetic Kerr effect during reproduction. Do. For this reason, the optical head 22 is equipped with a laser diode as a laser output means, an optical system including a polarization beam splitter, an objective lens, and the like, and a detector for detecting reflected light. The objective lens provided in the optical head 22 is held so as to be displaceable in the radial direction of the disk and in the direction of contacting and separating from the disk by, for example, a biaxial mechanism.

  In this example, the bit error rate at the time of data reading is optimized for both discs in order to obtain the maximum playback characteristics for conventional mini discs and next generation mini discs with different physical specifications on the medium surface. A phase compensation plate that can be formed is provided in the optical path of the reading light of the optical head 22.

  A magnetic head 23 is disposed at a position facing the optical head 22 with the mini disk 90 interposed therebetween. The magnetic head 23 applies a magnetic field modulated by the recording data to the mini disk 90. Although not shown, a sled motor and a sled mechanism are provided for moving the entire optical head 22 and the magnetic head 23 in the disk radial direction.

  In the media drive unit 11, a recording processing system, a playback processing system, a servo system, and the like are provided in addition to the recording / reproducing head system using the optical head 22 and the magnetic head 23 and the disk rotation driving system using the spindle motor 21. As a recording processing system, there are a part for performing EFM modulation and ACIRC encoding at the time of recording on a conventional minidisc, and a part for performing RLL (1-7) PP modulation and RS-LDC encoding at the time of recording to the next generation MD1 and next generation MD2. Provided.

  In addition, the reproduction processing system includes a part that performs demodulation and ACIRC decoding corresponding to EFM modulation during reproduction of a conventional mini-disc, and a demodulation that supports RLL (1-7) PP modulation during reproduction of the next generation MD1 and next generation MD2. (RLL (1-7) demodulation based on data detection using PR (1, 2, 1) ML and Viterbi decoding), and a part for performing RS-LDC decoding are provided.

  Information (photocurrent obtained by detecting the laser reflected light by the photodetector) detected as reflected light by the laser irradiation of the optical head 22 on the mini disk 90 is supplied to the RF amplifier 24. The RF amplifier 24 performs current-voltage conversion, amplification, matrix calculation, and the like on the input detection information, and performs reproduction RF signal, tracking error signal TE, focus error signal FE, groove information (mini disc 90) as reproduction information. (ADIP information recorded by track wobbling).

  At the time of reproducing a conventional mini disc, the reproduced RF signal obtained by the RF amplifier is processed by the EFM demodulator 27 and the ACIRC decoder 28 via the comparator 25 and the PLL circuit 26. The reproduced RF signal is binarized by the EFM demodulator 27 to form an EFM signal sequence, EFM demodulated, and further subjected to error correction and deinterleaving by the ACIRC decoder 28. If it is audio data, it will be in the state of ATRAC compression data at this time. At this time, the selector 29 has been selected for the conventional mini-disc signal side, and the demodulated ATRAC compressed data is output to the data buffer 30 as reproduction data from the mini-disc 90. In this case, the compressed data is supplied to the audio processing unit 19 in FIG.

  On the other hand, at the time of reproduction of the next generation MD1 or the next generation MD2, the reproduction RF signal obtained by the RF amplifier passes through the A / D conversion circuit 31, the equalizer 32, the PLL circuit 33, and the PRML circuit 34 to RLL (1-7 The signal is processed by the PP demodulator 35 and the RS-LDC decoder 36. The reproduction RF signal is obtained by the RLL (1-7) PP demodulator 35 by obtaining reproduction data as an RLL (1-7) code string by data detection using PR (1, 2, 1) ML and Viterbi decoding. The RLL (1-7) demodulation process is performed on the RLL (1-7) code string. Further, the RS-LDC decoder 36 performs error correction and deinterleave processing. In this case, the selector 29 selects the next generation MD1 or next generation MD2 side, and the demodulated data is output to the data buffer 30 as reproduction data from the minidisc 90. At this time, the demodulated data is supplied to the memory transfer controller 12 of FIG.

  The tracking error signal TE and the focus error signal FE output from the RF amplifier 24 are supplied to the servo circuit 37, and the groove information is supplied to the ADIP decoder 38.

  The ADIP decoder 38 limits the band of the groove information by a bandpass filter and extracts a wobble component, and then performs FM demodulation and biphase demodulation to extract an ADIP address. The extracted ADIP address, which is absolute address information on the disc, is passed through the MD address decoder 39 in the case of the conventional mini disc and the next generation MD1, and the next generation MD2 address decoder in the case of the next generation MD2. 40 to the drive controller 41.

  The drive controller 41 executes a predetermined control process based on each ADIP address. The groove information is returned to the servo circuit 37 for spindle servo control.

  The servo circuit 37 generates spindle error signals for CLV servo control and ZCAV servo control based on an error signal obtained by, for example, integrating the phase error with the reproduction clock (PLL clock at the time of decoding) with respect to the groove information. Generate.

  Further, the servo circuit 37 performs various servo control signals based on the spindle error signal, the tracking error signal, the focus error signal supplied from the RF amplifier 24 as described above, or the track jump command, access command, etc. from the drive controller 41. (Tracking control signal, focus control signal, thread control signal, spindle control signal, etc.) are generated and output to the motor driver 42. That is, various servo control signals are generated by performing necessary processing such as phase compensation processing, gain processing, and target value setting processing on the servo error signal and command.

  The motor driver 42 generates a predetermined servo drive signal based on the servo control signal supplied from the servo circuit 37. The servo drive signal here includes a biaxial drive signal (two types of focus direction and tracking direction) for driving the biaxial mechanism, a sled motor drive signal for driving the sled mechanism, and a spindle motor drive signal for driving the spindle motor 21. It becomes. With such a servo drive signal, focus control and tracking control for the mini-disc 90 and CLV control or ZCAV control for the spindle motor 21 are performed.

  When a recording operation is performed on the mini-disc 90, high-density data or normal ATRAC compressed data from the audio processing unit 19 is supplied from the memory transfer controller 12 shown in FIG.

  At the time of recording on the conventional mini disc, the selector 43 is connected to the conventional mini disc side, and the ACIRC encoder 44 and the EFM modulator 45 function. In this case, if it is an audio signal, the compressed data from the audio processing unit 19 is interleaved and an error correction code added by the ACIRC encoder 44 and then EFM-modulated by the EFM modulating unit 45. The EFM modulation data is supplied to the magnetic head driver 46 via the selector 43, and the magnetic head 23 applies a magnetic field based on the EFM modulation data to the mini disk 90 to record the modulated data.

  At the time of recording on the next generation MD1 and the next generation MD2, the selector 43 is connected to the next generation MD1 / next generation MD2 side, and the RS-LCD encoder 47 and the RLL (1-7) PP modulation section 48 function. In this case, the high-density data sent from the memory transfer controller 12 is subjected to interleaving and RS-LDC error correction code addition by the RS-LCD encoder 47 and then to the RLL (1-7) PP modulation unit 48. RLL (1-7) modulation.

  The recording data modulated into the RLL (1-7) code string is supplied to the magnetic head driver 46 via the selector 43, and the magnetic head 23 applies a magnetic field to the mini disk 90 based on the modulation data. Data is recorded.

  The laser driver / APC 49 causes the laser diode to perform a laser emission operation during reproduction and recording as described above, but also performs a so-called APC (Automatic Laser Power Control) operation. Specifically, although not shown, a detector for laser power monitoring is provided in the optical head 22, and this monitor signal is fed back to the laser driver / APC 49. The laser driver / APC 49 compares the current laser power obtained as a monitor signal with a preset laser power and reflects the error in the laser drive signal, thereby outputting the laser power output from the laser diode. Is controlled to be stabilized at the set value. Here, as the laser power, values as the reproduction laser power and the recording laser power are set in a register in the laser driver / APC 49 by the drive controller 41.

  Based on an instruction from the system controller 18, the drive controller 41 controls each component so that each of the above operations (access, various servos, data writing, and data reading) is executed. In addition, each part enclosed with the dashed-dotted line in FIG. 11 can also be comprised as a circuit of 1 chip | tip.

  By the way, when the mini-disc 90 is divided into the data track recording area and the audio track recording area as shown in FIG. 8, the system controller 18 determines whether the data to be recorded / reproduced is an audio track or a data track. Accordingly, the drive controller 41 of the media drive unit 11 is instructed to access based on the set recording area. It is also possible to perform control to permit recording of only one of PC data and audio data on the mounted mini disk 90 and prohibit recording of other data. That is, control can be performed so that PC data and audio data are not mixed.

  An example of a management method when recording / reproducing content data with the data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 with respect to the mini-disc 90 having the above-described specification will be specifically described.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of an audio data management method. As shown in FIG. 12, a track information file and an audio data file are generated on the disc. The track information file and the audio data file are files managed by the FAT system. The track information file corresponds to encryption information related to content data. Note that the management structure shown in FIG. 12 includes files of security information and content generation management information characteristic of the next generation MD1 and the next generation MD2. As security information and content generation management information, there are EKB (Enabling Key Block) as reproduction permission information for each set that is a recording / reproducing apparatus of a recording medium, track MAC as content tampering check information, and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the audio data file is a file in which a plurality of music data is stored as one file. When the audio data file is viewed in the FAT system, it looks like a huge file. A plurality of audio blocks included in the audio data file form one track. The audio data file is divided into parts, and the audio data is handled as a set of parts. The part break and the track break do not necessarily match.

  The track information file shown in FIG. 12 is a file in which various information for managing music data stored in an audio data file is described. As shown in FIG. 14, the track information file includes a play order table, a programmed play order table, a group information table, a track information table, a parts information table, and a name table.

  The play order table is a table indicating the playback order defined by default. As shown in FIG. 15, the play order table stores information INF1, INF2,... Indicating the link destination to the track descriptor (FIG. 19) of the track information table for each track number (song number). . The track number is a continuous number starting from “1”, for example.

  The programmed play order table is a table in which each user defines a playback procedure. In the programmed play order table, as shown in FIG. 16, information track information PINF1, PINF2,... Linked to the track descriptor for each track number is described. In the group information table, information about groups is described as shown in FIGS. A group is a set of one or more tracks having a continuous track number, or a set of one or more tracks having a continuous programmed track number. The group information table is described by the group descriptor of each group as shown in FIG. In the group descriptor, as shown in FIG. 17, the track number at which the group starts, the number of the end track, the group name, and the flag are described.

  As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the track information table describes information about each song. As shown in FIG. 19, the track information table is made up of track descriptors for each track (each tune). As shown in FIG. 20, each track descriptor includes an encoding method, copyright management information, content decryption key information, pointer information to a part number that is an entry at which the music starts, an artist name, a title name, an original Song order information, recording time information, etc. are described. The artist name and title name describe pointer information to the name table, not the name itself. The encoding method indicates a codec method and becomes decoding information.

  In the parts information table, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, a pointer for accessing the actual music position from the part number is described. As shown in FIG. 21, the part information table includes part descriptors for each part. Parts are all parts of one track (music) or parts obtained by dividing one track. The entry of the parts descriptor is indicated by the track information table (FIG. 20). As shown in FIG. 22, each part descriptor describes the head address of the part in the audio data file, the end address of the part, and the link destination to the part that follows the part.

  The address used as part number pointer information, name table pointer information, and pointer information indicating the position of the audio file is a file byte offset, FAT cluster number, physical address of a disk used as a recording medium, or the like. be able to.

  The name table is a table for representing characters that are names of names. As shown in FIG. 23, the name table includes a plurality of name slots. Each name slot is called by being linked from each pointer indicating a name. The pointer for calling the name includes an artist name, a title name in the track information table, a group name in the group information table, and the like. Each name slot can be called from a plurality. As shown in FIG. 24, each name slot includes name data that is character information, a name type that is an attribute of the character information, and a link destination. A long name that does not fit in one name slot can be described by being divided into a plurality of name slots. If one name slot does not fit, the link destination to the name slot in which the subsequent name is described is described.

  In an example of the audio data management method in the system to which the present invention is applied, as shown in FIG. 25, when the track number to be reproduced is designated by the play order table (FIG. 15), the link destination of the track information table is specified. The track descriptor (FIG. 19) is read out, and from this track descriptor, the encoding method, copyright management information, content decryption key information, pointer information to the part number where the music starts, pointers for the artist name and title name The original music order information, the recording time information, etc. are read out.

  The part number information read from the track information table is linked to the part information table (FIGS. 21 and 22), and the audio of the position of the part corresponding to the start position of the track (music piece) is linked from this part information table. A data file is accessed. When the data of the part at the position specified in the part information table of the audio data file is accessed, the reproduction of the audio data is started from that position. At this time, decoding is performed based on the encoding method read from the track descriptor of the track information table. If the audio data is encrypted, the key information read from the track descriptor is used.

  When there is a part that follows the part, a part descriptor is described in the link destination of the part, and the part descriptor is sequentially read in accordance with the link destination. The audio data of the desired track (music) can be reproduced by following the link destination of this part descriptor and reproducing the audio data of the part at the position specified by the part descriptor on the audio data file. . Further, the name slot (FIGS. 23 and 24) in the name table at the position pointed to by the artist name or title name pointer read from the track information table is called, and the name data is read from the name slot at the position. Read out.

  As described above, a plurality of name slots in the name table can be referred to. For example, there may be a case where a plurality of music pieces of the same artist are recorded. In this case, as shown in FIG. 26, the same name table is referred to as an artist name from a plurality of track information tables. In the example of FIG. 26, the track descriptor “1”, the track descriptor “2”, and the track descriptor “4” are all the music of the same artist “DEF BAND”, and refer to the same name slot as the artist name. . Also, the track descriptor “3”, the track descriptor “5”, and the track descriptor “6” are all the music of the artist “GHQ GIRLS” at the same position, and refer to the same name slot as the artist name. Thus, if the name slot of the name table can be referred to from a plurality of pointers, the capacity of the name table can be saved.

  Along with this, for example, a link to this name table can be used to display information of the same artist name. For example, when it is desired to display a list of songs whose artist name is “DEF BAND”, the track descriptor referring to the address of the name slot of “DEF BAND” is traced. In this example, the track descriptor “1”, the track descriptor “2”, and the track descriptor “4” are obtained by tracing the track descriptor referring to the address of the name slot “DEF BAND”. This makes it possible to display a list of songs whose artist name is “DEF BAND” among the songs stored on the disc. Since a plurality of name tables can be referred to, no link is provided to reversely follow the track information table from the name table.

  In the case of newly recording audio data, a FAT table provides an unused area that is continuous with a desired number of recording blocks or more, for example, four recording blocks or more. The reason why a continuous area of a desired recording block or more is ensured is that there is no waste in access if audio data is recorded in a continuous area as much as possible.

  When an area for recording audio data is prepared, one new track description is allocated on the track information table, and a content key for encrypting the audio data is generated. Then, the input audio data is encrypted, and the encrypted audio data is recorded in the prepared unused area. The area where the audio data is recorded is connected to the end of the audio data file on the FAT file system.

  As new audio data is linked to the audio data file, the linked position information is created, and the newly created audio data position information is recorded in the newly reserved parts description. The Then, key information and part number are described in the newly secured track description. Further, if necessary, an artist name, a title name, and the like are described in the name slot, and a pointer linked to the artist name and the title name is described in the name description in the track description. Then, the number of the track description is registered in the play order table. Also, copyright management information is updated.

  When reproducing audio data, information corresponding to the designated track number is obtained from the play order table, and the track descriptor of the track to be reproduced is obtained.

  Key information is acquired from the track descriptor in the track information table, and a part description indicating an area in which entry data is stored is acquired. The position on the audio data file at the head of the part where the desired audio data is stored is acquired from the part description, and the data stored at the position is extracted. Then, the data reproduced from that position is decrypted using the acquired key information, and the audio data is reproduced. If there is a link in the part description, it is specified and linked to the part, and the same procedure is repeated.

  In the case where the music piece having the track number “n” on the play order table is changed to the track number “n + m”, the track description Dn in which the information of the track is described from the track information TINFn in the play order table. Is obtained. All values (track description numbers) of the track information TINFn + 1 to TINFn + m are moved to the previous one. The number of the track description Dn is stored in the track information TINFn + m.

  When deleting a music piece having a track number “n” in the play order table, the track descriptor Dn in which the track information is described is acquired from the track information TINFn in the play order table. All the valid track descriptor numbers after the track information TINFn + 1 in the play order table are moved to the previous one. In the track information table, the encoding method and decoding key corresponding to the track are acquired from the acquired track descriptor Dn, and the number of the part descriptor Pn indicating the area where the first music data is stored is acquired. . The audio block in the range specified by the part descriptor Pn is separated from the audio data file on the FAT file system. Further, the track descriptor Dn of the track in the track information table is deleted.

  For example, in FIG. 27, parts A, B, and C have been connected so far, and part B is deleted from them. Part A and part B share the same audio block (and share the same FAT cluster), and the FAT chain is continuous. The part C is located immediately after the part B in the audio data file, but when the FAT table is examined, it is assumed that the part C is actually located away from the part.

  In the case of this example, as shown in FIG. 28, when part B is deleted, it can be actually removed from the FAT chain (returned to the free area), and the cluster is not shared with the current part. There are two FAT clusters. That is, the audio data file is shortened to 4 audio blocks. The numbers of the audio blocks recorded in the part C and the parts after it are all reduced by 4.

  It should be noted that the deletion can be performed on a part of the track instead of the entire track. When a part of the track is deleted, the remaining track information can be decrypted by using the encoding method and decryption key corresponding to the track acquired from the part descriptor Pn in the track information table. It is.

  When connecting the track n and the track n + 1 on the play order table, the track descriptor number Dn describing the information of the track is acquired from the track information TINFn in the play order table. Further, the track descriptor number Dm in which the information of the track is described is obtained from the track information TINFn + 1 in the play order table. All valid TINF values (track descriptor numbers) after TINFn + 1 in the play order table are moved to the previous TINF. By searching the programmed play order table, all the tracks referring to the track descriptor Dm are deleted. A new encryption key is generated, a part descriptor list is extracted from the track descriptor Dn, and the part descriptor list extracted from the track descriptor Dm is linked to the tail of the part descriptor list.

  When connecting tracks, compare both track descriptors to confirm that there is no problem with copyright management, obtain a parts descriptor from the track descriptor, and if both tracks are connected, there is a provision for fragments. It is necessary to confirm whether it is satisfied with the FAT table. Further, it is necessary to update the pointer to the name table as necessary.

  When the track n is divided into the track n and the track n + 1, the track descriptor number Dn in which the information of the track is described is obtained from TINFn in the play order table. The track descriptor number Dm in which the information of the track is described is acquired from the track information TINFn + 1 in the play order table. Then, all valid track information TINF values (track descriptor numbers) subsequent to TINFn + 1 in the play order table are moved to the next one. A new key is generated for the track descriptor Dn. A list of parts descriptors is taken out from the track descriptor Dn. A new part descriptor is assigned, and the contents of the part descriptor before division are copied there. The part descriptor including the dividing point is shortened until immediately before the dividing point. In addition, the link of the part descriptor after the dividing point is cut off. A new part descriptor is set immediately after the dividing point.

  FIG. 29 shows an example of how to record backup information in the ADIP area of the mini-disc shown in FIG. 29 is a relative number, and LCN0000 shown in FIG. 29 actually corresponds to the ADIP address 0034. That is, LCN0000 records a disc description table (DDT) representing the disc information of the next generation MD1, and backup information of falsification check information (ICV) of LCN0002 is recorded in LCN0006. Also, backups of DDT, SRB (Signal Recording Bitmap) and FAT information (including BPB, FAT, and root directory (RootDir)) are recorded in LCN0003, 0004, and 0005. However, here, the HIFI directory and MAC file information recorded in the LCN0009 and the track information file (TIF) recorded in the LCN0010 are recorded in the A-side TIF, the HIFI directory and MAC file information recorded in the LCN0015, and the LCN0016. A track information file (TIF) is represented as a B-side TIF.

  The data recording / reproducing apparatus 1 updates data at the timing shown in FIG. That is, if the content is a music file, the music data file is updated, and then the A-side TIF, B-side TIF, LCN0000, 0007, 0008, falsification check information (ICV), LCN0000, 0007, 0008 backup information ( BAK) and falsification check information (ICV) backup information (BAK).

Therefore, when data is updated in the order shown in FIG. 30 at the timing shown as “Write” in FIG. 31, an update result as shown in FIG. 32 is obtained. According to the flowcharts shown in FIGS.
If an instantaneous interruption occurs before T3, the data before editing becomes valid. If an instantaneous interruption occurs between T4 and T5, the falsification check information (ICV) becomes inconsistent, so the backup information of LCN0007 and 0008 is used. To do. For the momentary interruption after T5, the edited data becomes valid.

  31 and 32 described above are cases where the A-side TIF is used as a track information file, and when the B-side TIF is used, the A-side TIF column and the B-side TIF column in FIGS. This can be explained by the reverse operation.

  Therefore, according to the data recording device 1, by recording the backup information of the file allocation information and the backup information of the root directory in the unique area of the mini-disc, when recording new data or updating the recorded data, It is possible to avoid the destruction of the file system or the unavailability of the recording medium caused by the trouble during the process of updating the data management information, and it is possible to construct a highly reliable file system.

  The present invention can be applied to any data recording apparatus capable of handling a recording medium having a file format capable of large capacity recording and having management data complicated by encrypted recording or the like.

It is a figure explaining the data management structure of the mini disc which can be used with the data recording device shown as a specific example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the data management structure of the mini disc which can be used with the data recording device shown as a specific example of this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the TOC write process when data is added to the mini disk or the recorded data is updated as the backup process by the data recording apparatus. It is a flowchart explaining the TOC read process by the said data recording device. It is a block diagram explaining the data recording / reproducing apparatus which performs recording / reproduction | regeneration with compatibility with next generation MD1 and next generation MD2 shown as a specific example of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the area structure on the disk surface of next generation MD1 shown as a specific example of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the area structure on the disk surface of next generation MD2 shown as a specific example of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the area configuration on the board surface when audio data and PC data are mixedly recorded on the next-generation MD1 disc shown as a specific example of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the data management structure of next generation MD1 shown as a specific example of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the data management structure of next generation MD2 shown as a specific example of this invention. It is a block diagram explaining the media drive part of the said data recording / reproducing apparatus. It is a figure explaining an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the audio file by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the track information file by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the play order table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the programmed play order table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the group information table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the group information table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the track information table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the track information table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the parts information by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the parts information by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the name table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the name table by an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining that each name slot by an example of the management system of audio data can refer to two or more. It is a figure explaining the process which deletes parts from an audio data file in an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining the process which deletes parts from an audio data file in an example of the management system of audio data. It is a figure explaining an example of the recording method which records backup information with respect to the ADIP area | region of a minidisc. It is a figure explaining the data update timing by the said data recording / reproducing apparatus. It is a figure explaining the data update timing by the said data recording / reproducing apparatus, and the data after update. It is a figure explaining the data update timing by the said data recording / reproducing apparatus, and the data after update.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Data recording device, 11 Media drive part, 12 Memory transfer controller, 13 Cluster buffer memory, 14 Reading auxiliary memory, 15, 16 USB interface, 17 USB hub, 18 System controller, 19 Voice data processing part

Claims (12)

In a data recording method for updating management information including recording location information of the data when recording data on a recording medium,
Updating the management information including the data recording location information in the recording medium and storing the management information before the update in a unique area of the recording medium as backup information;
And a step of reading backup information stored in the unique area when the management information has been updated incompletely.   The content unit information for each content unit recorded in the recording medium is updated, and the content unit information before the update is stored as backup information in a unique area of the recording medium. The data recording method according to 1. A recording step of recording falsification check information for checking falsification of content data recorded on the recording medium in a predetermined area;
2. The data recording method according to claim 1, wherein the backup information is retained from the start of updating the management information to the completion of the update of the improvement check information.   2. The data recording method according to claim 1, wherein when the content data is music data, the content unit is a track as a delimiter for each music. In a data recording apparatus that updates management information including recording location information of the data when recording data on a recording medium,
A control means for performing backup control for updating management information including data recording location information in the recording medium and storing the management information before the update as backup information in a unique area of the recording medium,
The data recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control means reads backup information stored in the unique area when the management information is not completely updated.   The control means updates content unit information for each content unit of content data recorded on the recording medium, and stores the content unit information before the update as backup information in a unique area of the recording medium. The data recording apparatus according to claim 5.   The control means records falsification check information for checking falsification of content data recorded on the recording medium in a predetermined area of the recording medium and updates the improvement check information from the start of updating the management information. 6. The data recording apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the backup information is held until the process is completed.   6. The data recording apparatus according to claim 5, wherein when the content data is music data, the content unit is a track as a delimiter for each music. An area for recording data;
An area for recording management information including the recording location information of the data;
A recording medium comprising: a unique area for storing the management information before update as backup information when data is recorded or updated.   10. The recording medium according to claim 9, wherein the unique area is provided in an area that cannot be reproduced by the reproducing apparatus of the recording medium.   The recording medium according to claim 9, wherein the recording medium is a disk-shaped recording medium. The recording medium according to claim 11, wherein the unique area is secured at an innermost peripheral position.

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