JP2005189526A - Apparatus and method for withstand voltage experiment for education - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a withstand voltage experiment apparatus for education which has high learning effects on a high-voltage charging cable run, specially, specially-high-voltage charging cable run. <P>SOLUTION: The withstand voltage experiment apparatus for education which is equipped with a couple of mutually opposite electrodes and a power source for applying a voltage to the electrodes and is for conducting a withstand voltage experiment between the electrodes through discharging is equipped with an inter-electrode distance control means of varying the distance between the electrodes applied with the constant voltage from the power source. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus and an educational withstand voltage experiment method for learning an approach limit distance of an operator to a high voltage charging circuit, particularly an extra high voltage charging circuit.

For example, work related to a special high voltage charging circuit such as maintenance and repair of power transmission and distribution facilities often depends on indirect hot-line work by humans (operators). In this case, for example, the worker must retreat with a distance greater than a so-called approach limit distance from the charging circuit to avoid an electric shock accident. For example, even if the worker is not in contact with the charging unit, if the air insulation between the charging unit and the worker is broken, a flash discharge may be induced and an electric shock may occur. Therefore, safety education and training for workers are necessary to prevent electric shock accidents. In order to visualize the fear of the high-voltage charging circuit in an easy-to-understand manner, it is effective to simulate a flash discharge between the other high-voltage electrode with the human body as one electrode.
JP 2000-50445 A

  However, the withstand voltage experimental device used when the above-described flash discharge simulation experiment has been performed has been conventionally performed by fixing the distance between the electrodes constant and increasing the voltage applied between the electrodes. A discharge was generated. In such a withstand voltage experimental device, for example, a phenomenon until an electric shock is caused when an operator approaches the charging unit cannot be experimentally reproduced, and the learning effect of the operator may not be improved. This may lead to a decrease in business efficiency in the power business.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this subject, The place made into the objective is providing the withstand voltage experimental apparatus for education with a high learning effect with respect to a high voltage | pressure charging circuit, especially a special high voltage charging circuit.

  The invention for solving the above-mentioned problems comprises an educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus for conducting a withstand voltage experiment between a pair of electrodes opposed to each other and a power source for applying a voltage to the electrodes through discharge. And an inter-electrode distance control means for changing a distance between the electrodes to which a constant voltage is applied from the power source. Further, in the educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, the inter-electrode distance control means sets the distance between the electrodes at least in the state where no discharge is generated between the electrodes and in the state where the discharge is generated. It is preferable to change between the distances.

  According to this educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, the inter-electrode distance control means gradually changes the inter-electrode distance from, for example, a non-discharge state to a discharge state with a constant voltage applied between the pair of opposed electrodes. Can be shortened. Here, if one of the electrodes having a low potential is regarded as, for example, an operator of a charging circuit, and the other electrode having a high potential is regarded as the charging circuit, the distance between the electrodes gradually decreases. Corresponds to gradually approaching the charging circuit. Thereby, for example, an operator can actually recognize and recognize a predetermined distance between the electrodes at which discharge occurs under a constant voltage, and thus, for example, an effective distance that must be withdrawn from the charging circuit in indirect hot line work. Can learn to. Therefore, for example, an educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus having a high learning effect on the high-voltage charging circuit is provided.

  In the educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, the pair of electrodes are arranged vertically in the vertical direction, and the inter-electrode distance control means raises and lowers the lower electrode with respect to the fixed upper electrode. Then, it is preferable from the similarity of actual work to change the distance between the electrodes. In the educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, it is preferable that the inter-electrode distance control means includes an elevating unit that elevates and lowers the lower electrode by motor driving, and a control unit for controlling the motor driving.

  According to this educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus for education, for example, in indirect hot-line work involving crane work, particularly when moving the crane (the lower electrode that moves up and down) vertically upward, the charging electric circuit (the fixed upper electrode) An electric shock accident induced by the approach of the crane to the electrode) can be experimentally reproduced. Thus, for example, a crane operator can effectively learn a safe distance from the charging electrical path to the crane. Further, if the control unit of the inter-electrode distance control means can be remotely controlled with respect to the motor, for example, the educational withstand voltage experiment of the present invention can be carried out efficiently and safely.

  In the educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, it is preferable that at least one of the pair of electrodes is detachable. In the educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, the detachable electrode may have any one of a needle shape, a stranded wire shape, a spherical shape, and a rod shape. This enables a test to understand the discharge characteristics due to the difference in shape.

  According to this educational withstand voltage experimental device, the electrodes having various shapes such as the needle shape, the stranded wire shape, the spherical shape, or the rod shape can be easily replaced with respect to the common power source. it can. Therefore, the educational withstand voltage experimental device of the present invention can have a function of demonstrating the difference in the risk of the high-voltage charging unit according to the difference in the shape of the electrode, for example, despite the relatively low cost.

  Moreover, in this educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, it is preferable to further include a predetermined conductor and / or insulator for disposing on one side of the electrode between the pair of electrodes. In the educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, the predetermined conductor and / or insulator may be flame generating means for generating a flame in a substantially vertical direction. In this educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, it is preferable that one side of the electrode on which the flame generating means is arranged is grounded between the pair of electrodes.

  According to this educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, for example, by disposing the insulator on one side of the electrode between the pair of electrodes and conducting a discharge experiment, the operation of dielectric breakdown can be performed on the operator. Effective learning is possible. In addition, by demonstrating the electrical attraction action that the flame generated by the flame generating means on one side of the electrode between the pair of electrodes induces a discharge between the electrodes, for example, a fire under a high voltage live line An operator can be effectively learned to be a cause of a ground fault. Here, if the electrode on which the flame generating means is disposed is grounded, the current of the discharge mainly flows through the grounded electrode. Thereby, the flame generating means made of, for example, an insulator can be protected from dielectric breakdown due to the electric current of the discharge. This contributes to lowering the operating cost of the educational withstand voltage experimental device of the present invention.

  The invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is an educational withstand voltage experiment method in which a voltage is applied to a pair of opposed electrodes and a withstand voltage experiment is performed between the electrodes through discharge, and a constant voltage is applied between the electrodes. The distance between the electrodes is changed while applying a voltage. In the educational withstand voltage experiment method, it is preferable that the distance between the electrodes is changed at least from the distance in a state where no discharge occurs between the electrodes to the distance in a state where the discharge occurs. In the educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus, it is preferable that a predetermined conductor and / or an insulator is disposed on one side of the electrode between the pair of electrodes. Moreover, it is preferable that a flame is generated in a substantially vertical direction as the predetermined conductor and / or insulator on one side of the electrode between the pair of electrodes.

  The learning effect on the high-voltage charging circuit by the worker associated with the high-voltage charging circuit can be improved with a relatively low budget.

=== Configuration of the special high pressure experimental apparatus ===
As shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 1, the extra high voltage experimental apparatus (educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus) 10 of the present embodiment mainly includes a high voltage side electrode (electrode) 20 and a ground side electrode (electrode) 40, A power supply device (power supply) 60 that applies a high voltage to the high-voltage side electrode 20 and a jack (elevating part, interelectrode distance control means) 80 that elevates and lowers the ground-side electrode 40 in the vertical direction are configured.

  The high-voltage side electrode 20 is detachably provided at the lower end portion of the protective resistor 22 shown in FIG. 1, and the protective resistor 22 has a linear shape with one end connected to an output portion of a power supply device 60 described later. Is provided so as to be electrically branched with respect to the central portion of the conductor 24. In the illustration of FIG. 1, the conductor 24 is disposed so that the central portion thereof is along a substantially horizontal direction, and the protective resistance 22 is provided so as to be along a substantially vertical direction. The high-voltage side electrode 20 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a needle-like electrode 20a having an end portion having a needle shape, but in addition to this, a stranded wire electrode 20b (FIG. 4) having an end portion having a stranded wire shape, The part may be a spherical electrode 20c (FIG. 5) having a spherical shape, and the rod-shaped electrode 20d (FIG. 5) having an end part having a rod shape. In this embodiment, the conductor 24 is for 70 kV, and the protective resistor 22 is formed by connecting three resistors of 30 kΩ in series.

  In the illustration of FIG. 1, the ground side electrode 40 is appropriately fixed to the upper end portion of a metal adapter 42 (FIG. 2) fixed to a mounting table 81 of a jack 80 described later, and is connected to the adapter 42. It is grounded via a ground wire 44. Further, the ground side electrode 40 in the figure is a needle-like electrode 40a having a needle-like end, but in addition to this, a spherical electrode 40c (FIG. 5) having a spherical end, and a rod-like end. It may be a rod-shaped electrode 40d (FIG. 5). Moreover, the mesh electrode 40b (FIG. 4) standingly arranged in the mounting base 102 for mounting the said jack 80 in the mount 100 for supporting the jack 80 may be sufficient. Here, it is assumed that the gantry 100 is made of metal.

  In the power supply device 60, the voltage input to the primary side of the test transformer (TTR) from the induction voltage regulator (IVR) is mainly transformed on the secondary side of the test transformer and the high-voltage side electrode 20. Is output. Here, the power supply device 60 is provided with a capacitor-type instrument transformer (PD) in order to measure a voltage at an appropriate location of a circuit constituting the power supply device 60. Note that the test transformer of the present embodiment can output voltages of 70 kV and 14 kV to the secondary side when 400 V is input to the primary side.

  The jack 80 raises and lowers the mounting table 81 in the vertical direction by rotational driving of an electric motor (M, elevating part, interelectrode distance control means) 82 (see FIG. 2). As shown in the front view of FIG. 2, the mounting table 81 of the jack 80 is provided relative to the upper side of the base 83, and two connecting rods whose one ends are pivotally supported on the mounting table 81. A horizontal rod 85 is constructed so as to pivotally support the other end portion of 84 and the other end portions of the two connecting rods 84 whose one end portions are pivotally supported on the base 83. On the other hand, a horizontal shaft 88 is provided so as to pivotally support the other end portions of the two moving rods 87 each having a shaft rod 86 loosely fitted in each of the long holes 81a and 83a of the mounting table 81 and the base table 83. Is built. A drive screw shaft 89 is threaded through the screw holes 85a and 88a formed in each of the two horizontal rods 85 and 88, and an electric motor (M) 82 is attached to the tip of the drive screw shaft 89. The rotating shaft is connected. Further, the intersection of the connecting rod 84 and the moving rod 87 is pivotally attached to each other so as to be rotatable. Therefore, when the distance between the two horizontal rods 85 and 88 is reduced by the rotation of the rotating shaft of the electric motor (M) 82, the mounting table 81 is raised in the vertical direction, and when it is widened, it is lowered. Here, a power source (not shown) is attached to the electric motor (M) 82 of the present embodiment, and the power source and an operation panel (control unit, inter-electrode distance control means) 110 described later are signal lines. 82a and the power line 82b are connected. The parts constituting the jack 80 excluding the electric motor (M) 82 are mainly made of metal.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the special high-pressure experimental apparatus 10 is installed on a relatively large indoor floor 200, and a separation fence is provided around it to prevent people from entering during the experiment. 220 and the like are erected and grounded for security. It is assumed that the door provided in the separation fence is appropriately provided with an interlock that stops the operation of the power supply device 60 when the door is open.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, control of the voltage applied from the power supply device 60 to the high-voltage side electrode 20, display of the voltage measured by a capacitor-type instrument transformer (PD), etc., and raising and lowering of the jack 80 The control is appropriately performed remotely on the operation panel 110 separated by the separation fence 220. For this purpose, the power supply device 60 is also connected to the operation panel 110 via the signal line 60a and the power line 60b, as in the case of the power supply of the electric motor (M) 82.

=== Special High Pressure Experiment ===
An experimental example relating to a high voltage charging path using the special high voltage experimental apparatus 10 having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to the drawings.

<<< Dielectric breakdown experiment >>>
As shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 3, needle-like electrodes 20a and 40b are used as the high-voltage side electrode 20 and the ground-side electrode 40, respectively, and a specimen such as a leather glove 300 is attached to the tip of the ground-side needle-like electrode 40a. First, the high-voltage side electrode 20 and the ground-side electrode 40 are kept sufficiently separated from each other (distance in a state where no discharge occurs). Next, a constant voltage is applied from the power supply device 60 to the high-voltage side electrode 20 by an appropriate operation on the control panel 110. Next, while maintaining this constant voltage, the electric motor (M) 82 is driven by an appropriate operation on the control panel 110 to raise the mounting table 81 of the jack 80 and ground to the high-voltage side electrode 20. The side electrode 40 is brought closer. For example, a flash discharge occurs when the electrodes 20 and 40 form a predetermined distance (L, a distance in a state where a discharge occurs), and dielectric breakdown occurs in the leather glove 300. Here, the flash discharge can be monitored on the operation panel 110 by, for example, lowering the voltage on the secondary side of the capacitor-type instrument transformer (PD) or visually checking between the electrodes 20 and 40 by the operator.

  Through this dielectric breakdown experiment, for example, it is dangerous for an operator to operate a switchgear type power receiving facility with, for example, normal leather gloves, and can more effectively learn that predetermined insulation gloves must be used. . That is, the high-voltage side electrode 20 corresponds to a high-voltage charging unit in the switchgear type power receiving facility, and the ground-side electrode 40 corresponds to an operator's hand. Depending on the electric potential of the high voltage charging unit, the operator can better recognize that an electric shock accident occurs even if the operator's hand wearing the leather gloves 300 is not touching the high voltage charging unit. Note that the switchgear type is, for example, a method for compactly storing a set of equipment necessary as a switchboard in a grounded metal box.

<<< Electric attracting experiment >>>
As shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 4, a stranded electrode 20 b is used as the high-voltage side electrode 20, and a mesh electrode 40 b is used as the ground-side electrode 40. As described above, the mesh electrode 40b is erected directly on the mounting table 102 of the metal frame 100. Moreover, as FIG. 4 shows, the stranded electrode 40b is arrange | positioned along a substantially horizontal direction. Further, an alcohol lamp (flame generating means) 400 is installed on the mounting table 81 of the jack 80. As the alcohol lamp 400, a lamp having heat resistance and high mechanical strength as appropriate so as not to be damaged by flash discharge or the like is used. In order to prevent the flame from the alcohol lamp 400 from being directly below the protective resistor 22, the alcohol lamp 400 is arranged so as to be shifted from the protective resistor 22 in the horizontal direction by about 150 mm, for example.

  Initially, a sufficient distance from the tip of the flame generated in the substantially vertical direction of the alcohol lamp 400 to the mesh electrode 40b is set to a fixed distance (for example, approximately 200 mm) from the stranded wire electrode 20b to the mesh electrode 40b. (For example, about 150 mm), a state where no discharge occurs is maintained. Next, a constant voltage is applied from the power supply device 60 to the stranded electrode 20b by an appropriate operation on the control panel 110. Next, while maintaining this constant voltage, the electric motor (M) 82 is driven by an appropriate operation on the control panel 110 to raise the mounting table 81 of the jack 80, and the tip of the flame of the alcohol lamp 400 is moved. It approaches the stranded wire electrode 20b. If the combination of the flame and the mesh electrode 40b is regarded as the ground electrode 40, the above process can be regarded as equivalent to the process of bringing the ground electrode 40 closer to the high voltage electrode 20 (stranded wire electrode 20b). . For example, a flash discharge occurs when the tip of the flame and the stranded electrode 20b form a predetermined distance (L ′, for example, approximately 10 mm, a distance in a state where discharge is generated). The voltage drop on the secondary side is monitored. Moreover, the operator can visually observe this discharge. In the present embodiment, since the discharge current mainly flows through the grounded mesh electrode 40b, it is possible to prevent dielectric breakdown with respect to the alcohol lamp 400 main body. This contributes to lowering the operating cost of the special high pressure experimental apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.

  This electrical attraction experiment shows that the flame induces a discharge between both electrodes 20,40. Thereby, for example, the operator can learn more effectively that there is a possibility that a fire under a high-pressure live line may lead to a ground fault.

<<<< Other Experiments >>>>
In addition to the two experiments described above, needle-like electrodes 20a and 40a (FIG. 5A), spherical electrodes 20c and 40c (FIG. 5B), rod-like electrodes 20d and 40d (FIG. 5C), etc. A special high voltage experiment can be performed using the high voltage side electrode 20 and the ground side electrode 40, respectively. Thereby, the operator can learn more effectively that the approach limit distance differs depending on the shape of the high-voltage charging unit.

  According to the special high voltage experimental apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, for example, in indirect hot line work involving crane work, particularly when moving the crane (corresponding to the ground side electrode 40) upward in the vertical direction, the charging circuit (high voltage side electrode) It is possible to experimentally reproduce the electric shock accident induced by the approach of the crane. Therefore, for example, the crane operator can effectively learn the approach limit distance between the charging electric path and the crane.

=== Other Embodiments ===
The above-described embodiment is intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof.

  In the embodiment described above, the jack 80 provided with the electric motor 82 is used as the raising / lowering part of the inter-electrode distance control means, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the ground side electrode 40, the alcohol lamp 400, etc. may be moved up and down by air pressure, hydraulic pressure, or the like. However, when the motor-driven jack 80 is used, the elevation of the jack 80 can be more accurately controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor 82.

  In the above-described embodiment, the alcohol lamp 400 is used as the flame generating means. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A gas burner or the like may be used as long as the flame is generated in a substantially vertical direction. However, since the alcohol lamp 400 is made of an insulating material such as glass and does not include metal or the like, the proximity limit distance (L ′, FIG. 4) regarding the ground-side electrode 40 that combines the flame and the mesh electrode 40b is more accurately measured. it can.

It is a conceptual diagram of the special high voltage | pressure experimental apparatus of this Embodiment. It is a front view of the jack of this Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the dielectric breakdown experiment of this Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the electric induction experiment of this Embodiment. It is a front view of the high voltage | pressure side electrode of this Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Special high voltage experiment apparatus 20 High voltage side electrode 20a, 40a Needle electrode 20b Twisted wire electrode 20c, 40c Spherical electrode 20d, 40d Rod electrode 22 Protection resistance 24 Conductor 40 Ground side electrode 40d Mesh electrode 42 Adapter 44 Ground wire 60 Power supply device 60a, 82a Signal line 60b, 82b Power line 80 Jack 81, 102 Mounting base 81a, 83a Long hole 82 Electric motor (M) 83 Base 84 Connecting rod 85, 88 Horizontal rod 85a, 88a Screw hole 86 Shaft rod 87 Moving rod 89 Screw shaft for driving 100 Base 110 Operation panel 200 Floor 220 Separation fence 300 Leather gloves 400 Alcohol lamp

Claims (13)

An educational withstand voltage experimental apparatus comprising a pair of opposed electrodes and a power source for applying a voltage to the electrodes, and conducting an withstand voltage experiment between the electrodes through discharge,
An educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus comprising an inter-electrode distance control means for changing a distance between the electrodes to which a constant voltage is applied from the power source.   The interelectrode distance control means changes the distance between the electrodes at least between the distance in a state where no discharge occurs between the electrodes and the distance in a state where the discharge occurs. The educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus according to claim 1. The pair of electrodes are respectively arranged vertically above and below,
The education according to claim 1, wherein the inter-electrode distance control means changes the distance between the electrodes by moving the lower electrode up and down with respect to the fixed upper electrode. Withstand voltage test equipment.   4. The educational withstand voltage according to claim 3, wherein the inter-electrode distance control means includes an elevating unit that elevates and lowers the lower electrode by motor driving, and a control unit for controlling the motor driving. Experimental device.   The educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the pair of electrodes is detachable.   6. The educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the detachable electrode has any one of a needle shape, a stranded wire shape, a spherical shape, and a rod shape.   The withstand voltage experiment for education according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a predetermined conductor and / or an insulator to be disposed on one side of the electrode between the pair of electrodes. apparatus.   The educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined conductor and / or insulator is a flame generating means for generating a flame in a substantially vertical direction.   9. The educational withstand voltage experiment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein one side of the electrode on which the flame generating means is disposed is grounded between the pair of electrodes. An educational withstand voltage experiment method for applying a voltage to a pair of opposing electrodes and conducting an withstand voltage experiment between the electrodes through discharge,
An educational withstand voltage experiment method characterized by changing a distance between the electrodes while applying a constant voltage between the electrodes.   The educational withstand voltage according to claim 10, wherein the distance between the electrodes is changed at least from the distance in a state where no discharge occurs between the electrodes to the distance in a state where the discharge occurs. experimental method.   The educational withstand voltage experiment method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein a predetermined conductor and / or an insulator is disposed on one side of the electrode between the pair of electrodes. The withstand voltage for education according to claim 10 or 11, wherein a flame is generated in a substantially vertical direction between the pair of electrodes on one side of the electrodes as the predetermined conductor and / or insulator. experimental method.

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