JP2005188176A - Bounding stone removing method and bounding stone removing device in non-open-cut construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bounding stone removing method and a bounding stone removing device in a non-open-cut construction method for easily performing work for crushing a bounding stone. <P>SOLUTION: In this bounding stone removing method in the non-open-cut construction method for inserting a boring advancing casing 40 into the natural ground 20 by preceding to a lining element 33 in a non-open-cut state of a tunnel, the bounding stone removing method successively performs a carrying-in process of carrying the bounding stone removing device 1 in the boring advancing casing 40, a hole drilling process of an excavation actuator 11 for allowing an excavation bit to perform rotary impact operation for drilling a hole in the bounding stone, an interposing process of interposing a push-out arrow into a wedge by inserting the wedge into a hole of the hole drilled bounding stone, a tool replacing process of installing an impact hammer in the excavation actuator 11 instead of the excavation bit, a driving process of the excavation actuator 11 for allowing the impact hammer to perform impact operation for driving the push-out arrow in the wedge, and a carrying-out process of carrying the bounding stone removing device 1 outside the boring advancing casing 40. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an improvement in a boulder removal method and a boulder removal apparatus in a non-cutting method in which a digging casing is inserted prior to a lining element in a state where a tunnel is not cut in a natural ground.

  For example, as a tunnel construction method for constructing a tunnel that is three-dimensionally crossed under a railroad track, road, etc., a square-shaped or U-shaped lining element made of a long steel pipe with the tunnel uncut in the ground is used. There is known a non-cutting method in which a plurality of inserts are formed to form a tunnel lining wall (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  For example, as shown in FIG. 13, this non-open-cutting method drills holes in the ground 20 below the route 10 by horizontal boring, inserts a wire rope 31 into the drilled hole, and starts excavation start 21 of the wire rope 31. The excavator 30 and the lining element 33 are connected to each other. The wire rope 31 is pulled from the excavation arrival side 22 and the excavator 30 is driven to excavate, and the lining element 33 is penetrated from the excavation start side 21 to the excavation arrival side 22. When a series of lining elements 33 penetrates, the next excavation and insertion of the lining elements 33 are started from adjacent locations. The above work is sequentially performed along the outer frame of the tunnel, and finally, a tunnel lining wall such as a box-shaped ramen type or a circular shape is formed in a state where the ground is not excavated (Fig. 14).

Further, as a conventional open-cut method for excavating a tunnel or the like in a hard formation, there is a method of excavating a slit in a face quay wall and driving a wedge into the slit to crush the face quay wall (for example, see Patent Document 2).
JP 11-247579 A JP 58-33697 A

  In the conventional non-open cutting method, there is a method in which a digging casing not provided with an excavator is provided at the tip of the lining element, and an operator enters the digging casing and excavates by human power.

  In this method of excavation by human power, if a large boulder (gravel) that cannot be taken into the lining element appears on the face, drill a hole using a hand chipper, etc., insert a wedge into the hole, It was crushed by manually hitting an arrow.

However, since the work of crushing a boulder by this human power has the following problems, a long-time work in a narrow part in the lining element is required, and there has been a demand for improving workability.
・ Tools such as hand chippers can only be used for drilling.
・ Working with a hammer to insert a serrated arrow into a wedge is labor intensive.
・ It is difficult to crush large boulders in small places.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing a boulder and a boulder removal device in a non-open cutting method that can easily perform a crushing operation for crushing a boulder.

  The first invention is applied to a method for removing a boulder in a non-cutting method in which a tunnel is inserted into a natural ground in a non-cutting state before a lining element is inserted.

  Then, a carrying-in process of bringing the boulder removal device into the excavation casing, a drilling step in which the boulder removal device performs a rotary hitting operation in which the excavation bit cuts a hole in the boulder, and a wedge in the hole in the drilled boulder Inserting and inserting a wedge into this wedge, a tool changing step to install a hammer to replace the excavation bit in the boulder removal device, and a hammering operation in which the boulder removal device drives a wedge into the wedge The driving step for carrying out the process and the unloading step for unloading the boulder removal device from the excavation casing are performed in order.

  The second invention is applied to a boulder removing device in a non-cutting method in which a tunnel is inserted into a natural ground prior to a lining element in a non-cutting state.

  And a base frame that moves the lining element and the excavation casing, and a excavation actuator mounted on the base frame, the excavation actuator rotating the excavation bit and drilling a hole in the boulder; The rotary hammer operation switching mechanism for switching the hammering operation of hitting a hammer with a hammer is provided.

  According to the first and second inventions, when a large boulder that cannot be taken into the excavation casing comes out at the face, the boulder removal device is carried into the excavation casing and installed, and the boulder is turned into the excavation bit using the boulder removal device. In addition to performing a rotary striking operation for drilling a hole, and causing a striking hammer to perform a striking operation for striking a wedge into a wedge, it is possible to easily crush the boulder at a narrow spot in the excavation casing.

  The operator manually inserts the wedge into the drilled boulder hole and manually inserts the wedge into this wedge, and the tool change process to install the hammer in place of the excavating bit in the boulder removal device. Since the drilling device makes it easy to perform the rotary striking operation of drilling holes in the boulder with the excavation bit and the striking operation of striking the hammer into the wedge with the hammer, The working time for crushing can be shortened and workability can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the non-cutting method is to insert the excavation casing 40 in advance in a state where the tunnel is not cut in the ground 20 and insert the lining element 33 after the excavation casing 40. A hollow excavation casing 40 is provided at the top of the lining element 33, and an operator enters the excavation casing 40 and excavates the face facing the excavation casing 40 by human power.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the non-open cutting method includes an automatic excavator inserted in the ground first, and a lining element inserted after the automatic excavator. As described above, the present invention is applied to a non-open cutting method in which an operator enters the excavation casing 40 and excavates by human power.

  In this non-cutting method, a wire rope (not shown) is passed through the ground 20 through a hole drilled by, for example, horizontal boring, and the excavation casing 40 is pulled in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG.

  An operator enters the inside of the excavation casing 40 and excavates the face by human power, and the excavation casing 40 is pulled, and the covering element 33 connected to the excavation casing 40 is passed through the natural ground 20.

  When the series of lining elements 33 has been penetrated, the next excavation and insertion of the lining elements 33 is started from adjacent locations. The lining element 33 is made of a steel pipe having a square or U-shaped cross section.

  The above operations are sequentially performed along the outer frame of the tunnel, and finally, for example, a box lining frame (see FIG. 14) or a tunnel lining wall such as a circular shape is formed in a state in which the natural ground 20 is not cut. Go.

  In the non-open cutting method of excavation by human power, the present invention, when a large boulder (gravel) that cannot be taken into the lining element comes out on the face, put the boulder removal device 1 in the excavation casing 40, as will be described later. In addition, the calculus is crushed by the calculus removal method using the calculus removal device 1.

  The boulder removal device 1 is equipped with a digging actuator 11 and can travel and move on the lining element 33 and the digging casing 40.

  The excavation start side 21 is provided with an external power source 25 and a hydraulic power source unit 26. The crushing stone removing device 1 is supplied with electric power from the external power source 25 via the electric wire 27 and is supplied and discharged with hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic power source unit 26 via the hydraulic hose 28.

  Next, the structure of the boulder removal device 1 will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the boulder removal apparatus 1 includes a base frame 3 that travels via casters 2, a plurality of electromagnets 4 that are provided as a fixing mechanism that fixes the base frame 3 to the excavation casing 40, and a base A swivel base 5 that swivels about a vertical axis with respect to the frame 3, an elevating table 6 that revolves around the horizontal axis with respect to the swivel base 5, and a slide base 7 that moves parallel to the elevating table 6. The excavation actuator 11 is mounted on the slide table 7.

  Four casters 2 are attached to the base frame 3 via a storage mechanism 41 so as to be lifted. When the operator pulls the lever 42, the storage mechanism 41 lowers each caster 2, and the base frame 3 can travel through the caster 2. When the operator presses the lever 42, the storage mechanism 41 pulls up each caster 2, and the base frame 3 can come into contact with the excavation casing 40.

  When each caster 2 is pulled up and the base frame 3 is in contact with the digging casing 40 and the operator operates the switch of the switch box 8 to energize each electromagnet 4, the base frame 3 is dug by electromagnetic force generated in the electromagnet 4. Adsorbed and fixed to the casing 40.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the swivel base 5 is supported so as to be able to swivel about a vertical axis with respect to the base frame 3, and a swivel locking mechanism 50 that locks the swivel of the swivel base 5 is provided. The swivel locking mechanism 50 includes a sprocket 52 fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the swivel base 5, a chain 53 that engages with the sprocket 52, and a chain advance / retreat mechanism 54 that moves the chain 53 back and forth with respect to the sprocket 52. Is provided. The chain advance / retreat mechanism 54 is stretched in an arc shape via a bracket 57. When the operator pulls the lever 55, the chain advance / retreat mechanism 54 separates the chain 53 from the sprocket 52, and the swivel 5 can be turned. When the operator presses the lever 55, the chain advance / retreat mechanism 54 presses the chain 53 against the sprocket 52 by the urging force of the spring 56, and the turning of the swivel base 5 is locked. As a result, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 3, the direction of the excavation actuator 11 with respect to the base frame 3 can be fixed in multiple stages in the left-right direction.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the hoisting table 6 is supported so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis with respect to the swivel table 5, and an elevating and locking mechanism 60 that locks the elevating of the hoisting table 6 is provided. The lifting / lowering locking mechanism 60 includes a pinion gear 61 that is fixed to the lifting / lowering platform 6 coaxially with the rotation center axis thereof, a rack gear 62 that engages with the pinion gear 61, and a forward / backward movement of the rack gear 62 with respect to the pinion gear 61. And a rack gear advance / retreat mechanism 64. When the operator turns the handle 65 in one direction, the rack gear advancing / retracting mechanism 64 separates the rack gear 62 from the pinion gear 61 so that the hoisting table 6 can be raised and lowered. When the operator turns the handle 65 in the other direction, the rack gear advance / retreat mechanism 64 presses the rack gear 62 against the pinion gear 61 to lock the elevation of the elevation table 6. Thereby, as shown to (a), (b) of FIG. 5, the direction of the excavation actuator 11 with respect to the base frame 3 can be fixed by changing in multiple steps in the vertical direction.

  As shown by the arrows in FIG. 6, the slide table 7 is supported so as to be movable in parallel with the elevation table 6, and a movement locking mechanism 70 that locks the movement of the slide table 7 is provided. The movement locking mechanism 70 includes a pinion gear 71 provided on the slide base 7, and a rack gear 72 that meshes with the pinion gear 71 and is fixed to the lifting base 6. When the operator turns the handle 75 in one direction, the pinion gear 71 rotates in the same direction to advance the slide base 7. When the operator turns the handle 75 in the other direction, the pinion gear 71 rotates in the same direction to retract the slide base 7. Thereby, the excavation actuator 11 can be moved forward and backward on the supine table 6.

  The excavation actuator 11 is fixed to the slide base 7 via a holder 76. The excavation actuator 11 includes an excavation actuator 11 that is operated by supplying and discharging hydraulic oil from a hydraulic power source unit 26 via a hydraulic hose 28, and includes a head 12 that is driven by the excavation actuator 11 at a tip portion thereof. The excavation actuator 11 simultaneously performs both a rotation operation for rotating the head 12 around its central axis and a striking operation for moving the head 12 back and forth in the direction of the central axis. A rotary batting operation switching mechanism for switching between the batting operations to be advanced and retracted is provided.

  The excavation actuator 11 mounted on the boulder removal device 1 is not limited to a hydraulic drive actuator, and an electric drive actuator may be used.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the excavation bit 15 and the hammer 16 are exchanged and attached to the head 12 of the excavation actuator 11 as a tool.

  Next, a method for removing the boulders by crushing and removing the boulders using the boulder removal apparatus 1 will be described.

  First, a process of carrying the boulder removal device 1 into the excavation casing 40 and installing it is performed. As shown in FIG. 1, the boulder removing device 1 is carried from the excavation start side 21 through the lining element 33 into the excavation casing 40. The rolling stone removing device 1 travels through the caster 2, so that an operator can easily push the rolling stone removing device 1 and carry it into the digging casing 40.

  In this way, after the boulder removal device 1 is carried to a predetermined position, the operator pushes the lever 42, pulls up each caster 2 via the storage mechanism 41, and the base frame 3 is grounded to the excavation casing 40. The switch of the switch box 8 is operated to energize each electromagnet 4, and the base frame 3 is attracted and fixed to the excavation casing 40 by the electromagnetic force generated in the electromagnet 4.

  Next, a drilling step is performed in which the excavation bit 15 is attached to the excavation actuator 11 and the excavation actuator 11 performs a rotary hitting operation in which the excavation bit 15 drills the hole 81 in the stone 80. This manually attaches the drill bit 15 to the head 12 of the drill actuator 11.

  Then, the excavation actuator 11 is directed to the boulder 80 by adjusting the angles of the swivel base 5 and the hoisting base 6.

  Then, the operator turns the handle 75 in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 7 to advance the slide base 7 together with the excavation actuator 11 to press the cutting rod 15 against the calculus 80, and to rotate and hit the excavation actuator 11. By performing both, the excavation bit 15 drills a hole 81 in the boulder 80.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, a wedge 82 is inserted into the hole 81 of the drilled boulder 80, and an interstitial process is performed in which the wedge 82 is interposed in the wedge 82. The wedge 82 has a split rod shape. The wedge 82 is opened when a slit arrow 83 is driven into the crack, and the diameter of the hole 81 is increased to crush the boulder 80.

  Next, a tool change process for attaching the hammer 16 to the excavation actuator 11 instead of the excavation bit 15 is performed. As shown in FIG. 9, the excavation bit 15 is removed from the head 12 of the excavation actuator 11 and the hammer 16 is attached to the head 12.

  Next, a driving process is performed in which the excavating actuator 11 performs a hitting operation in which the hitting hammer 16 drives the line arrow 83 into the wedge 82. This is because the operator turns the handle 75 in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 10 to advance the slide base 7 together with the excavation actuator 11, presses the hammer 16 against the slit arrow 83, and hits the excavation actuator 11 in this state. The wedge 82 is driven into the wedge 82 to crush the rolling stone 80.

  -Next, the carrying-out process which carries the boulder removal apparatus 1 out of the excavation casing 40 is performed. The operator operates the switch of the switch box 8 to stop energization of each electromagnet 4 and lowers each caster 2 through the storage mechanism 41. In this state, the boulder removal device 1 travels through the casters 2, so that the operator can easily push the boulder removal device 1 and carry it into the digging casing 40.

  Thus, after carrying out the boulder removal apparatus 1 to the excavation start side 21, the operation | work which carries out the crushed boulder 80 is performed.

  As described above, when a large roll that cannot be taken into the lining element comes out on the face, the boulder removal device 1 is carried into the excavation casing 40 and installed, and the excavation bit 15 is attached using the common excavation actuator 11. By causing the boulder 80 to perform a rotary striking operation for drilling the hole 81 and causing the striking hammer 16 to perform a striking operation for striking the wedge 82 into the wedge 82, the boulder 80 can be easily moved in a narrow area within the excavation casing 40. It can be crushed.

  The operator inserts the wedge 82 into the hole 81 of the drilled boulder 80 and inserts a wedge 83 into the wedge 82, and the hammer 12 instead of the excavation bit 15 in the head 12 of the excavation actuator 11 The tool changing process for attaching 16 is manually performed, and the rotary hammering operation for drilling the hole 81 in the boulder 80 by the excavating bit 15 and the hammering action for driving the hammer 83 to the wedge 82 are performed. Since the driving process is easily performed by the excavation actuator 11, the work time for crushing the boulder 80 can be shortened and the workability can be improved.

  The boulder removing device 1 travels on the lining element 33 and the digging casing 40 to support the base frame 3, the storage mechanism 41 that supports the caster 2 to be lifted on the base frame 3, and the base frame 3 to the digging casing. Since the electromagnet 4 that attracts and fixes the base frame 3 to the digging casing 40 is provided as a fixing mechanism that fixes the base frame 3 to the digging casing 40, the operation for transporting the boulder removal device 1 in a narrow spot in the digging casing 40 and installing it at an arbitrary position is easy. Yes.

  The boulder removal device 1 has a swivel base 5 that revolves around a vertical axis with respect to the base frame 3, a supine table 6 that revolves around a horizontal axis with respect to the swivel base 5, and a parallel movement with respect to this recliner base 6. By attaching the excavation actuator 11 to the slide base 7, the direction of the excavation actuator 11 can be easily advanced and retracted toward the boulder 80 in a narrow area in the excavation casing 40.

  In addition, as a fixing mechanism for fixing the base frame 3 to the digging casing 40, a support bar for supporting the base frame 3 by stretching to the digging casing 40 may be provided.

  Moreover, it is good also as a structure which supports the base frame 3 to the digging casing 40 via a chain block etc. as this fixing mechanism.

  Moreover, as this fixing mechanism, convex parts, such as a pin, may be formed in the digging casing 40, and the hole or recessed part which engages with this convex part may be formed in the base frame 3.

  As shown in FIG. 11 (a), the hammer 16 is integrally formed with a rod portion 16 a supported by the head 12 of the excavating actuator 11 and a hammer portion 16 b that strikes the serration arrow 83.

  A recess 16c is formed in the hammer portion 16b, and a striking operation is performed in a state where the base end portion of the serration arrow 83 is inserted into the recess 16c. As a result, when the striking hammer 16 is caused to perform a striking operation of driving the claw arrow 83 into the wedge 82, the striking hammer 16 is not displaced from the claw arrow 83, and the striking operation is performed smoothly.

  As another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the striking hammer 16 may be supported by being fitted to the tip of the excavation bit 15. The hammer 16 has a mounting hole 16d that fits into the tip of the excavation bit 15, and the tip of the excavation bit 15 is inserted into the mounting hole 16d.

  As shown in FIG. 12, a protective cushioning material 17 that hits the tip of the excavation bit 15 is provided in the mounting hole 16 d of the hammer 16. The protective buffer material 17 is formed of an elastic material such as a non-ferrous metal or a polymer material. By providing this protective cushioning material 17, it is possible to prevent the tip of the excavation bit 15 from directly hitting the hammer 16 and damaging it.

  The mounting hole 16d of the hitting hammer 16 is provided with an O-ring 18 that is fitted to the outer peripheral portion of the excavation bit 15, and is prevented from coming off. An annular groove 16e is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the mounting hole 16d of the hitting hammer 16, and an O-ring 18 is interposed in the annular groove 16e.

  In this case, the hitting hammer 16 can be attached to and detached from the excavation actuator 11 while the excavation bit 15 is attached to the excavation actuator 11 by fitting the hitting hammer 16 to the tip of the excavation bit 15 and supported. A tool changing process for installing the hammer 16 in place of the bit 15 can be performed quickly.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.

  The boulder removal method and the boulder removal apparatus in the non-open cutting method of the present invention can be used for tunnel constructions that cross three-dimensionally under railway lines, roads, etc., and other tunnel constructions.

Sectional drawing which shows the non-cutting method in embodiment of this invention. Similarly, a side view of the boulder removal device. The top view of a boulder removal device. The top view of a boulder removal device. Similarly (a), (b) is a side view showing the operation of the boulder removal device. The side view which similarly shows the operation | movement of a boulder removal apparatus. The side view which similarly shows a drilling process. The perspective view which similarly shows an intervention process. The side view which similarly shows a tool exchange process. The side view which similarly shows a driving-in process. Similarly (a), (b) is a side view showing a tool. Sectional drawing which similarly shows a tool. The cross-sectional view which shows the conventional tunnel excavation non-cutting method which shows a prior art example. Similarly, the longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which inserted the lining element in the natural ground and formed the lining wall.

Explanation of symbols

1 Rolling stone removal device 2 Casters 3 Base frame 4 Electromagnet (fixing mechanism)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Swivel stand 6 Suspension stand 7 Slide stand 9 Rolling stone 11 Excavation actuator 15 Excavation bit 16 Hammer 33 Covering element 40 Excavation casing 82 Wedge 83 Seri arrow

Claims (5)

In the non-cutting method of removing rocks in the non-cutting method in which the excavation casing is inserted ahead of the lining element in a state where the tunnel is not cut in the ground,
A carrying-in process of carrying the boulder removal device into the digging casing;
A drilling step in which this boulder removing device causes the excavation bit to perform a rotary hitting operation to drill a hole in the boulder;
Inserting wedges into the drilled boulder holes and interposing the wedges on the wedges;
A tool change process for attaching a hammer to the boulder removal device instead of a drill bit,
A driving process in which the boulder removal device performs a striking operation in which a hammer hits a wedge with a hammer.
A method for removing a boulder in a non-cutting method, characterized in that the boulder removal device is carried out with a carry-out step of carrying out the boulder removal device from the excavation casing. In the unrolled stone removal device in the non-cutting method that inserts the excavation casing ahead of the lining element in the state of non-cutting the tunnel in the natural ground,
A base frame that moves within the lining element and the digging casing;
A drilling actuator mounted on the base frame,
2. The excavating actuator includes a rotary striking operation switching mechanism for switching between a striking operation of rotating a excavating bit to cut a hole in a boulder and a striking operation of striking a hammer with a hammer. Roller removal device in the non-cutting method described in 1. A caster that travels through the lining element and the excavation casing and supports the base frame;
A storage mechanism that supports the caster to be lifted to the base frame;
The boulder removal device in the non-open cutting method according to claim 2, further comprising a fixing mechanism for fixing the base frame to the excavation casing. A swivel that swivels about a vertical axis with respect to the base frame;
A supine platform that rotates about a horizontal axis relative to the swivel;
A slide base that translates relative to the supine stand,
The tumble removal apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the slide table includes the excavation actuator.   5. The boulder removal apparatus in the non-cutting method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the hammer is fitted to and supported by a tip portion of the excavation bit.

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