JP2005158616A - Sheet heater - Google Patents
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- JP2005158616A JP2005158616A JP2003398074A JP2003398074A JP2005158616A JP 2005158616 A JP2005158616 A JP 2005158616A JP 2003398074 A JP2003398074 A JP 2003398074A JP 2003398074 A JP2003398074 A JP 2003398074A JP 2005158616 A JP2005158616 A JP 2005158616A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、食品ショーケース等の保温用、あるいはプリンタのインク保温等の事務機器保温用に使用される面状ヒータに関し、さらに詳しくは、特に取付スペースが狭い場合の用途に最適な、小型且つワット密度の大きい面状ヒータに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a sheet heater used for heat insulation of food showcases or the like, or for heat retention of office equipment such as ink heat of a printer. More specifically, the present invention relates to a small size and optimal for use particularly when the installation space is small. The present invention relates to a planar heater having a high watt density.
近年、食品保温機器あるいはプリンタ等の事務機器はますます小型化され、それとともに保温用面状ヒータの取付スペースも削減されてきている。
ところで、従来の保温用面状ヒータには、シリコーンゴムを絶縁被覆層としたコード状ヒータ線が面状に配設されている。この場合、シリコーンゴムの耐熱温度の制約上、ヒータ線の単位長さ当りのワット数すなわち、ワット密度をあまり大きくする事が出来ないという不利がある。この結果、上記のコード状ヒータ線を配設した面状ヒータにおいては、その単位面積当たりのワット数にも自ずと限界がある。
一方、現実の市場では、単位面積当りのワット密度が大きく、しかも小型で省スペース化を可能とする面状ヒータが切望されている。
In recent years, office equipment such as food heat insulation equipment or printers have been further miniaturized, and the space for installing a surface heater for heat insulation has been reduced.
By the way, the conventional heater for heat insulation is provided with a cord heater wire having a silicone rubber insulating coating layer in a planar shape. In this case, there is a disadvantage that the wattage per unit length of the heater wire, that is, the watt density cannot be increased too much due to the restriction of the heat resistant temperature of the silicone rubber. As a result, in the planar heater provided with the cord-shaped heater wire, the wattage per unit area is naturally limited.
On the other hand, in the actual market, a planar heater that has a high watt density per unit area, is small, and can save space is desired.
したがって、本発明の課題は、食品保温機器、あるいはプリンタのインク保温等の事務機器等に使用される面状ヒータにおいて、小型且つワット密度の大きい面状ヒータを提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a planar heater having a small size and a high watt density in a planar heater used for a food warming device or an office device such as an ink warming of a printer.
本発明者等は、フッ素樹脂の高絶縁性と高耐熱性に着目し、該樹脂を絶縁被覆層としたコード状ヒータ線を面状ヒータに配設することにより、所望の小型且つワット密度の大きい面状ヒータを実現するに至った。 The inventors pay attention to the high insulation and high heat resistance of the fluororesin, and by arranging a cord-like heater wire having the resin as an insulation coating layer on the planar heater, a desired small size and watt density can be obtained. A large planar heater has been realized.
本発明によれば、コード状ヒータ線として、ワット密度に限界のあったシリコーンゴム被覆のコード状ヒータ線に代えてフッ素樹脂を絶縁被覆層としたコード状ヒータ線を採用する。その結果、フッ素樹脂の高絶縁性および高耐熱性が最大限に発揮され、該コード線の絶縁被覆層が大幅に薄肉化し併せて、ワット密度の大きいコード状ヒータ線が得られる。さらに、このコード状ヒータ線線は金属箔の間に面状に配設されるので、薄形で単位面積当たりの発熱量が大きい面状ヒータが得られる。したがって、この面状ヒータは、所望の発熱量を呈しながらも取付けスペースの削減を実現し、狭隙空間への取付けを余儀なくされるプリンタ等の事務機器内蔵用面状ヒータとして極めて有用になる、という格別顕著な効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, a cord-like heater wire having an insulating coating layer made of a fluororesin is employed as the cord-like heater wire in place of the silicone rubber-covered cord-like heater wire having a limited watt density. As a result, the high insulation property and the high heat resistance of the fluororesin are maximized, and the insulation coating layer of the cord wire is significantly thinned to obtain a cord-like heater wire with a high watt density. Further, since the cord-like heater wire is arranged in a plane between the metal foils, a planar heater having a thin shape and a large calorific value per unit area can be obtained. Therefore, this planar heater achieves a reduction in installation space while exhibiting a desired amount of heat generation, and is extremely useful as a planar heater for office equipment built in a printer or the like that is forced to be installed in a narrow gap space. It has a particularly remarkable effect.
以下、本発明の面状ヒータを、インクジェットプリンタのインク保温用に採用される例について説明する。
図１は、本発明の面状ヒータの一例を示す一部破断斜視図である。
図２は、本発明の面状ヒータに配設するヒータ線の横断面図である。
図１において、（１）は面状ヒータ、（２）は上下一対の金属箔、（３）はコード状ヒータ線で、ここでは、Ｕの字状の折り返し配設パターンで金属箔（２）−（２）の間に面状に配設され且つ該金属箔により挟持・固定されている。さらに、（４）はコード状ヒータ線（３）に接続するリード線、（５）はコード状ヒータ線（３）とリード線（４）とを繋ぐ接続部で、接続子（５ａ）とモールド部材（５ｂ）とからなる。
図２には、コード状ヒータ線の横断面が示されている。ここで、（３ａ）は芯体、（３ｂ）は芯体（３ａ）の周りに巻きつけられた抵抗線、そして、（３ｃ）はフッ素樹脂絶縁被覆層である。
Hereinafter, an example in which the planar heater of the present invention is employed for keeping the ink temperature of an ink jet printer will be described.
FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing an example of a planar heater of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a heater wire disposed in the planar heater of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, (1) is a planar heater, (2) is a pair of upper and lower metal foils, (3) is a cord-like heater wire, and here, a metal foil (2) with a U-shaped folded arrangement pattern -It is arrange | positioned planarly between (2), and is clamped and fixed by this metal foil. Further, (4) is a lead wire connected to the cord-like heater wire (3), (5) is a connecting portion connecting the cord-like heater wire (3) and the lead wire (4), and the connector (5a) and the mold It consists of a member (5b).
FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the cord-like heater wire. Here, (3a) is a core, (3b) is a resistance wire wound around the core (3a), and (3c) is a fluororesin insulating coating layer.
本発明の特徴は、図１〜図２からも明らかなように、絶縁被覆層（３ｃ）がフッ素樹脂からなるコード状ヒータ線（３）を上下一対の金属箔（２）−（２）の間に、面状で狭持・固定したことに在る。ここで、金属箔（２）としては、耐熱性を有するアルミ箔、鉄、ステンレス、さらには銅等の各種の金属の薄板が用いられるが、加工性およびコストの面から、膜厚が３０〜６０μｍのアルミ箔が特に好ましい。また、コード状ヒータ線（３）を金属箔（２）に固定するには、接着剤、両面粘着テープ、さらにはホットメルト樹脂等各種の固定部材を使用すればよい。ただ、この固定部材も高耐熱性を要求されるので、実用的には耐熱温度の高い粘着テープあるいは無機接着剤を使用するのが好ましい。
コード状ヒータ線（３）を構成する芯体（３ａ）としては、耐熱性のガラス繊維、ポリアミド繊維、さらにはポリエステル繊維が、また抵抗線（３ｂ）としてはニクロム線、ステンレス線、さらには銅ニッケル合金線が好ましく用いられる。後者のヒータ線（３）については、そのワット密度が４Ｗ／ｍ〜５０Ｗ／ｍ程度に高いものが好ましい。その際、面状ヒータを薄型化する意味で、コード状ヒータ線（３）の外径も０.４ｍｍ〜４ｍｍ程度の細径線であるのが好ましく、０.４ｍｍ〜１．５ｍｍが特に好ましい。
本発明の面状ヒータの表面積は小型化するためにも１００ｍｍ２〜２，０００，０００ｍｍ２が好ましく、１５００ｍｍ２〜１０，０００ｍｍ２が特に好ましい。その厚さについても０．４ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍが好ましく、１ｍｍ〜４ｍｍが特に好ましい。また、絶縁被覆層（３ｃ）に適用するフッ素樹脂としては、テトラフルオロエチレン−パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体（ＰＦＡ）、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体（ＦＥＰ）、さらにはエチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体（ＥＴＦＥ）等の各種フッ素樹脂が挙げられる。この中でも、取り分け、耐熱性に優れたテトラフルオロエチレン−パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体（ＰＦＡ）が好ましく用いられる。
さらに、上述のコード状ヒータ線（３）のそれぞれの端末は接続子（５ａ）を介して、スズメッキ軟銅線などを芯線とするリード線（４）に接続され、さらに、この接続部の外周はモールド部材（５ｂ）で被覆絶縁される。このときのリード線（４）の絶縁被覆層には、シリコーンゴム、フッ素樹脂等の通常のゴムあるいは樹脂が用いられるが、より高い耐熱性を得るためには、コード状ヒータ線（３）と同様にフッ素樹脂の絶縁被覆層とするのが好ましい。両者の接続手段としては、周知のハンダ付け、圧着端子や接続子のかしめ固定、さらには溶接等各種の手段があるが、耐熱性を高める上では、圧着端子や接続子のかしめ固定が好ましい。さらに、その接続部を絶縁するためのモールド部材も耐熱性確保の面からフッ素樹脂とすることが好ましい。特に、図１に示したように、リード線（４）とコード状ヒータ線（３）との接続部が面状ヒータの内部すなわち、金属箔（２）−（２）間に位置する場合には、リード線（４）の絶縁被覆層をフッ素樹脂で構成し同時に接続部も耐熱性のフッ素樹脂でモールドするのが有用である。
以上、本発明について図１〜図２により説明したが、これはあくまでも本発明の一態様であり、本発明の思想から逸脱しない限り種々の態様が採択されることは言うまでもない。
As is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2, the feature of the present invention is that the insulation coating layer (3c) is made of a pair of upper and lower metal foils (2)-(2) with a cord-like heater wire (3) made of a fluororesin. In between, it is in the form of pinching and fixing. Here, as the metal foil (2), heat-resistant aluminum foil, iron, stainless steel, and various metal thin plates such as copper are used, but the film thickness is 30 to 30 in terms of workability and cost. A 60 μm aluminum foil is particularly preferred. Moreover, what is necessary is just to use various fixing members, such as an adhesive agent, a double-sided adhesive tape, and also hot-melt resin, in order to fix a cord-shaped heater wire (3) to metal foil (2). However, since this fixing member is also required to have high heat resistance, it is preferable to use a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or an inorganic adhesive having a high heat-resistant temperature for practical use.
The core (3a) constituting the cord-like heater wire (3) is a heat-resistant glass fiber, polyamide fiber, and further a polyester fiber, and the resistance wire (3b) is a nichrome wire, a stainless steel wire, and further a copper wire A nickel alloy wire is preferably used. The latter heater wire (3) preferably has a watt density as high as about 4 W / m to 50 W / m. At that time, in order to reduce the thickness of the planar heater, the outer diameter of the cord-like heater wire (3) is preferably a thin wire having a diameter of about 0.4 mm to 4 mm, and particularly preferably 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm. .
In order to reduce the surface area of the planar heater of the present invention, 100 mm 2 to 2,000,000 mm 2 is preferable, and 1500 mm 2 to 10,000 mm 2 is particularly preferable. Also about the thickness, 0.4 mm-10 mm are preferable, and 1 mm-4 mm are especially preferable. Moreover, as a fluororesin applied to the insulating coating layer (3c), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and ethylene-tetra Various fluororesins such as a fluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) can be used. Of these, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), which is particularly excellent in heat resistance, is preferably used.
Further, each end of the cord-like heater wire (3) is connected to a lead wire (4) having a tin-plated annealed copper wire or the like as a core wire via a connector (5a). It is covered and insulated with the mold member (5b). For the insulating coating layer of the lead wire (4) at this time, a normal rubber or resin such as silicone rubber or fluororesin is used. In order to obtain higher heat resistance, the cord-like heater wire (3) and Similarly, it is preferable to use an insulating coating layer of fluororesin. There are various means for connecting them, such as well-known soldering, crimping and crimping of crimp terminals and connectors, and welding. In order to improve heat resistance, crimping and crimping of crimp terminals and connectors are preferable. Further, the mold member for insulating the connecting portion is preferably made of a fluororesin from the viewpoint of ensuring heat resistance. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, when the connecting portion between the lead wire (4) and the cord-like heater wire (3) is located inside the planar heater, that is, between the metal foils (2)-(2). It is useful that the insulating coating layer of the lead wire (4) is made of a fluororesin and at the same time the connection part is molded with a heat-resistant fluororesin.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2, this is merely one aspect of the present invention, and it goes without saying that various aspects are adopted without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
以下に、図１〜図２に示した面状ヒータの具体例を示す。
Ａ．各部材
ａ．金属箔（２）：縦４７ｍｍ、横４０ｍｍ、厚さ５０μｍのアルミ箔（２）をベース箔として用いた。
ｂ．コード状ヒータ線（３）： 外径１．４ｍｍ、長さ２１５ｍｍ、抵抗値（Ω／ｍ）が１１６３Ωで、ワット密度が４０ｗ／ｍであるコード状ヒータ線を用いた。このヒータ線は、芯体（３ａ）としてのガラス芯（外径０．３９ｍｍ）に、抵抗線（３ｂ）としてのニクロム線（外径０．０６ｍｍ）をピッチ０．５６ｍｍで横巻し、その外周に、絶縁被覆層（３ｃ）としてフッ素樹脂（ＰＦＡ）を厚さ０．５ｍｍで押出し被覆したものである。
ｃ．リード線（４）： 外径０．０８ｍｍのスズメッキ軟銅線からなる芯線を３０本撚って得た、外径０．５ｍｍの導体の外周上に、フッ素樹脂（ＰＦＡ）を厚さ０．２ｍｍで押出して絶縁被覆した、外径０．９ｍｍのフッ素樹脂絶縁電線を用いた。
ｄ．接続部（５）： コード状ヒータ線（３）とリード線（４）とを黄銅からなる接続子（５ａ）を用いて接続し、さらに被覆絶縁のため、接続子（５ａ）の外周に絶縁用のモールド部材（５ｂ）としてフッ素樹脂（ＰＦＡ）を厚さ２ｍｍで被覆した。
Ｂ．面状ヒータの組み立て： 上記のＡ．ａ項のアルミ箔（２）上に、Ａ．ｂ項のコード状ヒータ線（３）をＵの字状で面状に折り返して配設した。このとき、コード状ヒータ線（３）間の隣接間隔は１１ｍｍ〜１３ｍｍとした。さらに、コード状ヒータ線（３）に沿って該線を覆う形で、厚さが０.３ｍｍの高耐熱性貼着テープ（商品名：Ｎｏ．５０１５Ｈ（日東電工製））をアルミ箔（２）に貼りつけた。
最後に、耐熱性接着剤（商品名：ＦＯ−３８０（（株）オーデック製）が貼付された、同寸法（縦４７ｍｍ、横４０ｍｍ、厚さ２５０μｍ）のアルミ箔（２）を上方から被せて、コード状ヒータ線（３）を上下一対のアルミ箔（２）に狭持・固着した。得られた面状ヒータ（１）のワット数は８．６Ｗ、厚さは２ｍｍであった。
Ｃ． 従来例との比較
従来例として、芯体（３ａ）としてのガラス芯（外径０．３９ｍｍ）に、抵抗線（３ｂ）としてのニクロム線（外径０．０６ｍｍ）をピッチ０．５６ｍｍで横巻し、その外周に、絶縁被覆層（３ｃ）を厚み０．８ｍｍのシリコーンゴムで構成したコード状ヒータ線（３）を用いた。このヒータ線（３）の外径は２ｍｍ、長さは２１５ｍｍ、抵抗値（Ω／ｍ）は １１６３Ωで、ワット密度が４０ｗ／ｍである。
このコード状ヒータ線（３）を用いて上記Ｂ項に述べた手法により厚さが ２．６ｍｍの面状ヒータを得た。その際、本発明の面状ヒータ（１）と同様のワット数（８．６Ｗ）を得るためには、シリコーン絶縁被覆層の耐熱性の問題でヒータ線（３）の隣接間隔を大幅に広げざるを得なかった。その結果、アルミ箔（２）の寸法が縦８９ｍｍ、横８２ｍｍに増加し、本発明に比べて３.６倍の面積が必要であった。
この結果、本発明では従来例に比べて、面状ヒータが大幅に小型化出来、しかもその厚さもと従来例と比較して３３％薄型化できた。
Below, the specific example of the planar heater shown in FIGS. 1-2 is shown.
A. Each member a. Metal foil (2): An aluminum foil (2) having a length of 47 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a thickness of 50 μm was used as the base foil.
b. Cord heater wire (3): A cord heater wire having an outer diameter of 1.4 mm, a length of 215 mm, a resistance value (Ω / m) of 1163Ω and a watt density of 40 w / m was used. In this heater wire, a nichrome wire (outer diameter 0.06 mm) as a resistance wire (3b) is horizontally wound at a pitch of 0.56 mm on a glass core (outer diameter 0.39 mm) as a core body (3a). A fluororesin (PFA) is extruded and coated on the outer periphery with a thickness of 0.5 mm as an insulating coating layer (3c).
c. Lead wire (4): A fluororesin (PFA) is 0.2 mm thick on the outer periphery of a conductor having an outer diameter of 0.5 mm obtained by twisting 30 core wires made of tin-plated annealed copper wire having an outer diameter of 0.08 mm. A fluororesin insulated electric wire having an outer diameter of 0.9 mm, which was extruded and coated with an insulating coating, was used.
d. Connection part (5): The cord-like heater wire (3) and the lead wire (4) are connected using a connector (5a) made of brass, and further insulated against the outer periphery of the connector (5a) for covering insulation. As a mold member (5b), a fluororesin (PFA) was coated with a thickness of 2 mm.
B. Assembly of the planar heater: On the aluminum foil (2) of item a, A. The cord-shaped heater wire (3) in the item b was folded in a U shape and arranged in a plane. At this time, the adjacent interval between the cord-like heater wires (3) was set to 11 mm to 13 mm. Further, a highly heat-resistant adhesive tape (trade name: No. 5015H (manufactured by Nitto Denko)) having a thickness of 0.3 mm is applied to the aluminum foil (2) so as to cover the cord heater wire (3). ).
Finally, an aluminum foil (2) of the same dimensions (length 47 mm, width 40 mm, thickness 250 μm), to which a heat-resistant adhesive (trade name: FO-380 (manufactured by Odec Co., Ltd.)) was attached, was covered from above. The cord-like heater wire (3) was sandwiched and fixed between a pair of upper and lower aluminum foils (2) The wattage of the obtained planar heater (1) was 8.6 W and the thickness was 2 mm.
C. Comparison with Conventional Example As a conventional example, a glass core (outer diameter 0.39 mm) as a core body (3a) and a nichrome wire (outer diameter 0.06 mm) as a resistance wire (3b) are laterally arranged at a pitch of 0.56 mm. A cord-like heater wire (3) in which an insulating coating layer (3c) is made of silicone rubber having a thickness of 0.8 mm was used on the outer periphery. The heater wire (3) has an outer diameter of 2 mm, a length of 215 mm, a resistance value (Ω / m) of 1163 Ω, and a watt density of 40 w / m.
Using this cord-like heater wire (3), a planar heater having a thickness of 2.6 mm was obtained by the method described in the above section B. At that time, in order to obtain the same wattage (8.6 W) as that of the planar heater (1) of the present invention, the adjacent distance between the heater wires (3) is greatly increased due to the heat resistance problem of the silicone insulating coating layer. I had to. As a result, the dimension of the aluminum foil (2) increased to 89 mm in length and 82 mm in width, and 3.6 times the area was required as compared with the present invention.
As a result, in the present invention, the planar heater can be significantly reduced in size compared to the conventional example, and moreover, the thickness can be reduced by 33% compared to the conventional example.
本発明の面状ヒータは従来と比較して大幅に小型化できるので、食品保温機器、あるいはプリンタのインク保温等の事務機器用ヒータに加えて、凍結防止ヒータや温調機器のドレインヒータ等、取付スペースの少ないヒータにも利用できる。 Since the planar heater of the present invention can be greatly reduced in size compared to the conventional one, in addition to a food heat insulation device or a heater for office equipment such as ink heat insulation of a printer, a freeze prevention heater, a drain heater of a temperature control device, etc. It can also be used for heaters with little installation space.
１
面状ヒータ
２ 金属箔
３ ヒータ線
３ａ 芯体
３ｂ 抵抗線
３ｃ 絶縁被覆層
４ リード線
５
接続部
５a 接続子
５ｂ モールド部材
1
Sheet heater 2 Metal foil 3 Heater wire 3a Core body 3b Resistance wire 3c Insulation coating layer 4 Lead wire 5
Connection part 5a Connector 5b Mold member
Claims (10)
The sheet heater according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the sheet heater is used for a warmer or an office equipment heat retaining unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003398074A JP2005158616A (en) | 2003-11-27 | 2003-11-27 | Sheet heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003398074A JP2005158616A (en) | 2003-11-27 | 2003-11-27 | Sheet heater |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005158616A true JP2005158616A (en) | 2005-06-16 |
Family
ID=34723043
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003398074A Pending JP2005158616A (en) | 2003-11-27 | 2003-11-27 | Sheet heater |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2005158616A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008120450A1 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-10-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Toilet seat device |
| JP2012157737A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-08-23 | Panasonic Corp | Heated toilet seat and toilet apparatus equipped with the same |
| KR20120123283A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2012-11-08 | 발레오 시스템므 떼르미끄 | Connection device for powering electrical equipment |
| JP2018041707A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-15 | インターワイヤード株式会社 | Plate heater |
| JP2019046772A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-22 | インターワイヤード株式会社 | Plate heater |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63109492U (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1988-07-14 | ||
| JPH067192U (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1994-01-28 | 日星電気株式会社 | Cord-shaped insulated heating element |
-
2003
- 2003-11-27 JP JP2003398074A patent/JP2005158616A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63109492U (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1988-07-14 | ||
| JPH067192U (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1994-01-28 | 日星電気株式会社 | Cord-shaped insulated heating element |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008120450A1 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-10-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Toilet seat device |
| JP2008253724A (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-10-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Toilet seat device |
| US8418272B2 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2013-04-16 | Panasonic Corporation | Toilet seat apparatus |
| JP2013075180A (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2013-04-25 | Panasonic Corp | Toilet seat apparatus |
| US8769729B2 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2014-07-08 | Panasonic Corporation | Toilet seat apparatus |
| JP2012157737A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-08-23 | Panasonic Corp | Heated toilet seat and toilet apparatus equipped with the same |
| KR20120123283A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2012-11-08 | 발레오 시스템므 떼르미끄 | Connection device for powering electrical equipment |
| JP2013515641A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2013-05-09 | ヴァレオ システム テルミク | Connecting device for powering electrical installations |
| KR101726904B1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2017-04-13 | 발레오 시스템므 떼르미끄 | Connection device for powering electrical equipment |
| JP2018041707A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-15 | インターワイヤード株式会社 | Plate heater |
| JP2019046772A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-22 | インターワイヤード株式会社 | Plate heater |
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