JP2005146887A - Breather device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a breather device capable of preventing oil from reversely flowing from an oil reservoir part at once. <P>SOLUTION: The breather device 1 is provided with an oil separator 4 and an oil retention tank 6 provided above the same. The oil separator 4 includes cyclone separator 41, 41 and connected to an upper wall of the oil retention tank 6. A float 20 detecting level of oil L is stored inside of the oil retention tank 6. When the level of oil L goes up and down, a connecting bar 40 connected to the float 20 goes up and down to turn a switching valve V provided in a brunch part 60 of a suction pipe P10 of blow-by gas. Consequently, flow passage of blow-by gas is switched over to a supply pipe P11 or a bypass pipe P4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a breather device that performs gas-liquid separation of blow-by gas.

  In general, blowby gas leaking into a crankcase from between a piston and a cylinder in a compression process or an expansion process of an internal combustion engine is mixed with mist-like oil particles to become oil mist. As described above, the blow-by gas containing the oil component and the gas component is usually subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then the oil component is recovered and the gas component is reduced to the internal combustion engine side. At this time, if the gas-liquid separation is insufficient, the oil consumption increases, so various gas-liquid separation structures or devices such as an oil separator and a breather device have been proposed.

  As an example of such a gas-liquid separation structure or apparatus, Patent Document 1 describes a blow-by gas separator that includes a separation chamber and a valve mechanism provided below the separation chamber. The valve mechanism has an inlet on the separation chamber side and an outlet on the oil drop passage side, and a first valve body and a second valve body are disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The two valve bodies are interlocked according to the pressure difference between the oil drop passage and the oil drop passage, and the other valve body is opened when one of the valve bodies is closed.

This conventional apparatus is intended to reliably return the oil temporarily accumulated in the separator to the crank chamber side through the oil dropping passage without flowing back to the intake manifold side. .
JP 2003-13723 A

  However, in the above-described conventional separator, when the valve body constituting the valve mechanism is fixed for some reason, for example, an increase in oil viscosity due to aging deterioration, the oil is not discharged from the separator, and the suction side negative pressure Depending on the relationship between the amount of oil and the amount of oil accumulated in the separator, a large amount of oil may instantaneously flow into an internal combustion engine such as an engine through the blow-by gas passage. In this case, the engine performance is reduced due to the impact at that time, and in some cases, engine peripheral parts such as the engine and the intake system are damaged.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and when the oil component separated and removed from the blow-by gas is temporarily stored, the oil component can be prevented from flowing into the internal combustion engine at once. It is an object of the present invention to provide a breather device that can prevent the internal combustion engine and its peripheral parts from being damaged.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a breather device according to the present invention has a supply path for blow-by gas containing an oil component and a gas component, gas-liquid separation of the blow-by gas is performed, and at least one gas component is contained. The gas-liquid separation unit having a blow-by gas discharge path separated from the gas-liquid separation unit is connected to the gas-liquid separation unit, the oil component separated from the blow-by gas is stored, and the oil discharge port Connected to the oil holding section provided, the supply path and discharge path of the gas-liquid separation section so as to bypass the gas-liquid separation section, and the connection path through which blow-by gas can flow, and the blow-by gas between the supply path and bypass path And a flow path switching unit that switches the flow of blow-by gas so as to be supplied to either one.

  In the breather device configured as described above, blow-by gas is introduced into the gas-liquid separator through the supply path, and the oil component and the gas component are separated from each other. Normally, the gas component is returned to the intake system of the internal combustion engine or the like in which the breather device is installed, while the oil component is sent to the oil holding unit connected to the gas-liquid separation unit, and once stored, the exhaust port Recovered from. In order to discharge and collect the oil component, for example, an oil discharge pipe connected to an oil recovery system and provided with a check valve for preventing backflow of oil is preferably connected to the discharge port.

  Here, specifically, before the amount of oil in the oil holding part exceeds a predetermined allowable value (reference value) in consideration of the volume of the oil holding part, for example, the discharge port is opened and the oil is released. It is preferred to drain the minutes. However, if the check valve sticks and the oil component cannot be discharged, the amount of oil exceeding the allowable value remains in the oil holding portion.

  When excessive intake system negative pressure is applied due to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine in such a state that an excessive amount of oil is stored in the oil holding unit, the oil component flows back from the oil holding unit into the gas-liquid separation unit at once. Furthermore, there may be a concern that the air is sucked through the intake system from the blow-by gas discharge passage and flows into the internal combustion engine. On the other hand, in the present invention, blow-by gas can be circulated, and a communication path connected to the supply path and the discharge path is provided so as to bypass the gas-liquid separator, and blow-by gas is supplied. The flow path switching unit switches between a path that is conducted to the gas-liquid separation unit through the path and a path that is conducted to the bypass.

  Therefore, when an oil amount exceeding the allowable value is accumulated in the oil holding unit, it becomes possible to stop the supply of the blow-by gas to the gas-liquid separation unit and to distribute the blow-by gas to the detour. . By doing so, the supply of new oil from the gas-liquid separation unit to the oil holding unit is eliminated, and an undesirably large amount of oil can be prevented from accumulating in the oil holding unit. As a result, even if an excessive intake system negative pressure is applied, it is possible to suppress a rapid and large amount of oil from flowing back through the gas-liquid separator.

  As such switching control of the flow (flow path) of the blow-by gas by the flow path switching unit, in addition to the control of detecting the closed state of the discharge port and detouring the blow-by gas to the detour, preferably in the oil holding unit It is preferable that a detection unit for detecting the amount of oil is provided, and the flow of blow-by gas in the flow path switching unit is switched based on the actual measured value of the oil by the detection unit.

  In this way, the blow-by gas flow path can be accurately switched in real time based on the measured value of the oil amount. Therefore, the malfunction that the flow path switching is executed when the excessive oil content is not actually stored is reliably suppressed.

  The detection unit is provided in the oil holding unit, and has a floating device that moves up and down following the change when the oil level in the oil holding unit changes. And the flow path switching unit further includes a switching valve provided so that one of the supply path and the detour can be opened and the other can be closed according to the vertical movement of the float. Is preferred. In addition, as a float, the thing whose bulk specific gravity (= weight / total volume) is smaller than an oil part is preferable.

  If comprised in this way, the float will move vertically upwards, so that the amount of storage of oil increases, conversely, it will move vertically downward, so that the amount of storage of oil is small. As a result, the floater functions as a detection unit that detects the level of oil, and thus the amount. Then, one of the supply path and the detour is opened and the other is closed as the switching valve rotates, for example, according to the vertical movement of the float.

  More specifically, for example, the pipe is branched into two in the vertical direction, the upper branch pipe is used as a supply path, and the lower branch pipe is used as a bypass. Thus, the switching valve is provided in such an orientation that it projects toward the upstream at the branch portion of both paths, and the non-fixed portion of the switching valve and the floating member are connected by a long handle member. In this way, when the oil content increases, that is, when the liquid level (liquid level) increases, the switching valve pivots and the non-fixed portion side is inclined upward, the supply path is closed and the detour is opened. .

  Therefore, since the switching valve is switched in conjunction with the change in the liquid level, the operation for switching the flow path of the blow-by gas is realized reliably and in real time. In addition, since the increase / decrease in the oil level is used as the power of the switching valve, no other power source is required, which is preferable from the viewpoint of economy.

  Further, instead of or in combination with such a structure, a detection signal for the amount of oil in the oil holding unit is output from the detection unit, the operating state of the switching unit is determined based on the detection signal, and the switching unit is It is also useful to provide a control unit that outputs an instruction signal of the operating state determined in this way.

  Furthermore, it is desirable to send a signal for notifying the occurrence of the event (exceeding the allowable amount) when the amount of oil in the oil holding unit exceeds the allowable value.

  When the blow-by gas is circulated in the detour, the blow-by gas that contains the oil is sent to the intake system. Depending on the type, the performance and characteristics may be adversely affected. Therefore, when the amount of oil in the oil holding portion exceeds a predetermined allowable value (reference value) set in advance or appropriately, such an event has occurred (in other words, a check valve). For example, a driver or an operator of a moving device such as a vehicle can sense it.

  According to the breather device of the present invention, when the oil component separated and removed from the blow-by gas is temporarily stored, the oil component can be reliably prevented from flowing into the internal combustion engine at once, and the internal combustion engine and its surroundings can be prevented. The fear that a part will be damaged can be eliminated.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same element and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted. Further, positional relationships such as up, down, left and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. Further, the dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the illustrated ratios.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view (partially block diagram) schematically showing a configuration of a preferred embodiment of a breather apparatus according to the present invention. The breather apparatus 1 constitutes a PCV (Positive Crankcase Ventilation) system connected to an internal combustion engine 101, an intake system 102, and an oil recovery system 103 provided in a vehicle, moving equipment, or the like (not shown).

  In the breather device 1, an oil separator 4 (gas-liquid separator) is connected to a rear stage of a pre-separator 2 connected to, for example, a crankcase (not shown) of the internal combustion engine 101 via a pipe P1, via a rectifying pump 3. The oil holding tank 6 (oil holding part) arranged below is provided. The oil separator 4 has two cyclone separators 41 and 41 juxtaposed. The cyclone separators 41 and 41 are also provided with a gas discharge unit 5 from which blow-by gas from which oil has been separated and removed is discharged and connected to the intake system 102 via a pipe P2. Furthermore, an oil discharge part 7 connected to the oil recovery system 103 is connected to the bottom wall of the oil holding tank 6 via a pipe P3.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part taken along line II-II in FIG. The cyclone separators 41 and 41 are each provided with a barrel portion 411 and a reverse cone portion 412 each having a reverse cup shape, and an oil discharge pipe 413 is joined to the lower end of the reverse cone portion 412. A supply pipe P11 (blow-by gas supply path) branched from the suction pipe P10 connected to the rectifying pump 3 is connected to the gas inlet 3a provided on the side wall of each barrel 411. Further, a bypass pipe P4 (blowby gas communication path) branches off from the suction pipe P10.

  The bypass pipe P4 is provided so as to bypass the cyclone separators 41 and 41, and is connected to the above-described pipe P1 communicating with the crankcase. Furthermore, a gas outlet pipe P12 (blow-by gas discharge passage) is fitted into a through-hole formed in the upper wall of each barrel 411 of each cyclone separator 41. These gas outlet pipes P <b> 12 and P <b> 12 are joined on the way and connected to the gas discharge unit 5.

  The oil holding tank 6 has oil introduction ports 41b and 41b formed in the upper wall of a container having a fixed space volume and provided with an oil discharge port 6a (oil discharge port) on the bottom wall. is there. The lower ends of the oil discharge pipes 413 of the cyclone separators 41 are joined to the oil introduction ports 41b and 41b, respectively. Further, one end of a tubular oil discharge portion 7 is joined to the outer periphery of the oil discharge port 6a. Furthermore, a check valve 71 that is movable to open and close the oil discharge port 6 a is provided inside the oil discharge portion 7.

  Further, the oil holding tank 6 accommodates a float 20 (floating device, detection unit) having a bulk specific gravity smaller than the oil content L. Connected to the upper portion of the float 20 is a lower end portion of a connecting rod 40 that is a long handle member disposed so as to penetrate the through hole 30 and the branch portion 60 of the suction pipe P10. In addition, the upper end portion of the connecting portion 40 is loosely fitted in a switch 70 installed on the canopy of the oil separator 4. The switch 70 outputs an opening / closing signal (ON / OFF signal) such as a switch or a switching element, and is connected to a control unit 104 connected to a display device or a horn device (not shown) via a signal line. .

  Here, FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing the periphery of the branch portion 60. In the branch portion 60, an annular sealing member 62 is provided on the outer periphery of the connection portion 65 between the suction pipe P <b> 10, the supply pipe P <b> 11 and the bypass pipe P <b> 4, and the periphery thereof is covered with the protective case 61. The supply pipe P11 and the bypass pipe P4 branched from the suction pipe P10 are joined at the whole or the front end of the joint portion Pa, and at the edge thereof, a switching valve V (flow path switching portion) is provided by, for example, a rivet The support part 63 is rotatably attached. Thus, the switching valve V is pivotally attached to the support portion 63. The switching valve V extends to the vicinity of the end pipe wall of the suction pipe P10, and is rotated (more specifically, pivoted) in a range of a state represented by at least V1 to V2 in the drawing. ing.

  Further, the through holes Ka, Kb, Kc, Kd of the connecting rod 40 are coaxially formed in the central portion of the switching valve V, the connection portion 65, the sealing member 62, and the protective case 61, respectively. The connecting rod 40 is fixed to a part or all of the inner peripheral edge of the through hole Ka of the switching valve V, and is loosely inserted into the through holes Kb, Kc, Kd. Thereby, the vertical movement of the connecting rod 40 is allowed, and the switching valve V follows it.

  In the breather device 1 configured as described above, a blow-by gas that is a gas-liquid mixture of oil particles (oil component) and combustion gas (gas component) is first supplied to the pre-separator 2. Among the oil particles contained in the blow-by gas, those having a relatively large diameter are separated and removed while passing through the pre-separator 2.

  Next, after the flow rate is adjusted by the rectifying pump 3, the blow-by gas is supplied into the trunk portions 411 and 411 of the cyclone separators 41 and 41 along the tangential direction. In this way, the oil separator 4 functions as a tangential inflow tandem cyclone separator.

  The flow of blow-by gas introduced into each cyclone separator 41 changes from a linear flow to a vortex flow in the body portion, and descends spirally while rotating along the inner wall of the body portion 411. Then, when it reaches the inverted conical portion 412, it further descends while increasing the rotation speed, reversely rises near the lower end of the inverted conical portion 412, and rises while rotating substantially the central portion of the barrel 411.

  At this time, relatively fine oil particles that have not been separated and removed from the blow-by gas obtain a centrifugal force by the swiveling motion, move in the horizontal direction toward the inner walls of the body portions 411 and 411, collide with the inner walls, and have momentum. Lose. The oil particles are collected while sequentially flowing down the inner walls of the body portion 411 and the inverted conical portion 412, and are dropped from the lower end of the oil discharge pipe 413 into the oil holding tank 6 through the oil introduction port 41b.

  Thus, the gas-liquid separation of the blow-by gas is performed, and the gas rising in the body 411 of each cyclone separator 41 becomes a clarified gas from which the oil component has been separated, and enters the gas outlet pipe P12 from the lower end 41a of the gas outlet pipe P12. Inhaled and sent to the intake system 102 through the gas discharge unit 5.

  On the other hand, after a predetermined amount of oil L dropped in the oil holding tank 6 is accumulated, the oil discharge port 6a is opened by the opening operation of the check valve 71, and is sent to the oil recovery system 103 as appropriate (as needed). The check valve 71 also includes, for example, changes in the intake system negative pressure due to fluctuations in the load state of the internal combustion engine 101, the timing of the delivery operation to the oil recovery system 103, the amount of oil delivered to the oil recovery system 103, and the like. It is closed as appropriate according to various conditions.

  Thereby, the oil discharge port 6a is closed, and the backflow of the oil component L to the oil holding tank 6 and the cyclone separators 41 and 41 is suppressed. At this time, various known methods such as using an intake system negative pressure or using an electric drive or a mechanical drive independent of other systems are employed as the steady opening / closing control of the check valve 71. Can do.

  Here, in the unlikely event that an abnormality occurs such that the check valve 71 is closed, that is, the oil discharge port 6a is closed, the oil component L is not discharged from the oil holding tank 6, Oil L continues to flow into the oil holding tank 6. When this happens, the liquid level is increased from the appropriate maximum liquid level (for example, the liquid level L2 shown in FIG. 2) at which the oil L should be discharged by opening the check valve 71 due to the increase in the oil L. Will rise and eventually reach an allowable liquid level (for example, the liquid level L1 shown in FIG. 2).

  When the intake system 102 becomes excessively negative pressure due to the operating state of the internal combustion engine 101 or the like while the liquid level L1 of the oil component L stored in this manner approaches the vicinity of the oil inlet 41b of the oil discharge pipe 413. In the conventional breather device, as described above, a large amount of oil may flow backward from the intake system 102 to the internal combustion engine 101 at once.

  On the other hand, according to the breather device 1 of the present invention, when the liquid level of the oil component L rises from the liquid level L2 to L1, the float 20 also rises, and the liquid level of the oil component L increases from the liquid level L1 to L2. When descending, the float 20 also descends. That is, the float 20 detects the level of the oil component L in the oil holding tank 6 and the amount thereof. When the float 20 moves up and down in this way, the connecting rod 40 coupled to the float 20 follows up and down, and the switching valve V fixed to the connecting rod 40 rotates up and down.

With this operation, when the amount of oil L stored in the oil holding tank 6 is sufficiently below the allowable value (for example, at the liquid level L2), both the float 20 and the connecting rod 40 are in the lowered position. Yes, the switching valve V is disposed at or near the position of V2 indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. Thereby, the bypass pipe P4 is closed and the supply pipe P11 is opened. At this time, the blow-by gas that has circulated through the suction pipe P10 flows along a path along the arrow S2 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 3, and is supplied to the cyclone separators 41 and 41 through the supply pipe P11 to continue the gas-liquid separation.

On the other hand, when the amount of the oil L stored in the oil holding tank 6 reaches an allowable value (for example, at the liquid level L1), both the float 20 and the connecting rod 40 are in the raised position, and the switching valve V
Is arranged at or near the position of V1 indicated by a solid line in FIG. Thereby, the bypass pipe P
4 is opened and the supply pipe P11 is closed. At this time, the blow-by gas that has flowed through the suction pipe P10 flows along a path along the arrow S1 indicated by the solid line in FIG. 3, and is supplied to the internal combustion engine 101 side through the bypass pipe P4.

  Accordingly, when an excessive amount of oil L is stored in the oil holding tank 6, supply of blow-by gas to the cyclone separators 41 and 41 is stopped, so that new gas-liquid separation is not performed and a new oil holding tank 6 is added. No extra oil is added. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently prevent a large amount of oil from instantaneously flowing from the intake system 102 to the internal combustion engine 101, thereby preventing performance degradation or damage due to a load impact being applied to the internal combustion engine 101 or the intake system 102. Can be suppressed.

  In addition, since the switching valve V is switched in conjunction with the change in the liquid level of the oil component L, the flow path of the blow-by gas is reliably switched from S2 to S1 in real time based on the actual value of the amount of the oil component L. Can do. Furthermore, since the increase / decrease in the oil level is used as the power of the switching valve V, no other power source is required, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of economy.

  Furthermore, when the liquid level of the oil component L reaches the allowable liquid level L1, the connecting rod 40 is raised and its upper end turns on a switch or switching element (not shown) in the switch 70. The switch 70 outputs the ON signal to the control unit 104. In the control unit 104, when the ON signal is input, an information signal indicating that the amount of oil L in the oil holding tank 6 exceeds an allowable value or that the check valve 71 is fixed is assumed. Send to display device.

  As the display device, for example, a display or a lighting device that can be visually recognized by a driver or an operator of a vehicle or the like can be used. Alternatively, an alarm device may be used instead of or in combination with the display device. In this case, the alarm device may issue or output an alarm based on a sound signal or the like by sending an information signal from the control unit 104 to the alarm device.

  In the breather device 1, when the blow-by gas is circulated through the bypass pipe P4, the blow-by gas containing the oil component is sent to the intake system 102. As the amount increases, the performance and characteristics of the internal combustion engine 101 may be adversely affected.

  On the other hand, as described above, in the breather device 1, when the amount of the oil component L in the oil holding tank 6 exceeds the allowable value and the liquid level reaches the liquid level L1, the check valve 71 is fixed. Thus, it is possible to notify the occurrence of a closed event although the oil discharge port 6a should be opened. Therefore, a driver or an operator of the vehicle or the like can surely detect it, and can quickly stop the operation as necessary to perform inspection, repair, and maintenance work.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, A various deformation | transformation is possible in the limit which does not deviate from the summary. For example, other known liquid level sensors or liquid level sensors (detection units) may be used instead of the float 20 as means for detecting the amount of oil L in the oil holding tank 6. Such a sensor may be a contact type such as a level gauge or an optical non-contact type.

  In this case, a configuration in which the sensor is electrically connected to the control unit 104 and the switching valve V is electrically connected to the control unit 104 by electric or hydraulic drive, for example, can be exemplified. Then, it is preferable to output a liquid amount or liquid level detection signal from the sensor to the control unit 104, and to control the turning operation of the switching valve V, that is, the operating state by the instruction signal from the control unit 104.

  In addition, oil separator 4 other than cyclone separator 41 may be used. Further, one cyclone separator 41 may be provided, or three or more cyclone separators may be provided continuously. Furthermore, the shape of the oil holding tank 6 is not limited. For example, the lower part may have an inverted conical shape, and the oil discharge part 7 may be connected to the lower end thereof.

  The breather apparatus according to the present invention can prevent the oil component separated and removed from the blow-by gas from flowing into the internal combustion engine at a time when the oil component is once stored, and damage the internal combustion engine and its surrounding parts. To an internal combustion engine that is further improved in output and performance and pursues further reliability and safety, and devices, motives, facilities, etc. provided with such an internal combustion engine. Widely available.

1 is a perspective view (partially block diagram) schematically showing a configuration of a preferred embodiment of a breather device according to the present invention. It is principal part sectional drawing in alignment with the II-II line | wire in FIG. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing the periphery of a branching unit 60.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Breather apparatus, 2 ... Pre separator, 3a ... Gas introduction port, 3 ... Rectification pump, 4 ... Oil separator (gas-liquid separation part), 5 ... Gas discharge part, 6a ... Oil discharge port, 6 ... Oil holding tank, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 7 ... Oil discharge part, 20 ... Float (floating device, detection part), 30 ... Through-hole, 40 ... Connecting rod, 41b ... Oil inlet, 41 ... Cyclone separator, 41a ... Lower end, 60 ... Branching part, 61 ... Protection Case, 62 ... Sealing member, 63 ... Supporting part, 65 ... Connection part, 70 ... Switch, 71 ... Check valve, 101 ... Internal combustion engine, 102 ... Intake system, 103 ... Oil recovery system, 104 ... Control part, 411 ... trunk portion, 412 ... inverted conical portion, 413 ... oil discharge pipe, Ka, Kb, Kc, Kd ... through hole, L ... oil component, L1, L2 ... liquid level, P1, P2, P3 ... piping, P10 ... Suction pipe, P11 ... supply pipe (supply ), P12 ... gas outlet pipe, P4 ... bypass pipe (bypass), Pa ... junction, V ... switching valve (flow channel switching part).

Claims (5)

A gas-liquid having a blow-by gas supply path including an oil component and a gas component, and having a blow-by gas discharge path in which at least a part of the gas component is separated A separation unit;
An oil holding portion connected to the gas-liquid separation portion, storing an oil component separated from the blow-by gas, and provided with an outlet for the oil;
A communication path connected to the supply path and the discharge path of the gas-liquid separation section so as to bypass the gas-liquid separation section, and through which the blow-by gas can flow;
A flow path switching unit that switches a flow of the blow-by gas so that the blow-by gas is supplied to one of the supply path and the bypass path;
A breather device. A detection unit for detecting the amount of oil in the oil holding unit;
Based on the actual measured value of the oil by the detection unit, the flow of the blow-by gas in the flow path switching unit is switched,
The breather device according to claim 1. The detection unit is provided in the oil holding unit, and has a floating device that moves up and down following the change when the oil level in the oil holding unit changes.
The flow path switching unit includes a switching valve that is switchable according to the vertical movement of the float so that one of the supply path and the bypass is opened and the other is closed. ,
The breather apparatus according to claim 2. A detection signal of the amount of the oil in the oil holding unit is output from the detection unit, and an operating state of the switching unit is determined based on the detection signal, and an instruction of the determined operating state is given to the switching unit A control unit for outputting a signal;
The breather apparatus according to claim 2. When the amount of the oil in the oil holding unit exceeds an allowable value, a signal for notifying the occurrence of the event is sent out.
The breather apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-4.

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