JP2005145852A - Method of removing antibody agglomerate - Google Patents

Method of removing antibody agglomerate Download PDF

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JP2005145852A
JP2005145852A JP2003383613A JP2003383613A JP2005145852A JP 2005145852 A JP2005145852 A JP 2005145852A JP 2003383613 A JP2003383613 A JP 2003383613A JP 2003383613 A JP2003383613 A JP 2003383613A JP 2005145852 A JP2005145852 A JP 2005145852A
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antibody
polyamide
human immunoglobulin
aggregates
aqueous solution
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Yoshihiro Aga
善広 英加
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of purifying an antibody by using an inexpensive disposal material, particularly a method of removing an antibody agglomerate dissolved in an antibody aqueous solution. <P>SOLUTION: The method of removing the antibody agglomerate is characterized by making the antibody agglomerate in an antibody aqueous solution adsorbed onto a polyamide. Preferably, the method of removing the antibody agglomerate is characterized by using an aliphatic polyamide as the polyamide. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、抗体の精製方法、特に抗体水溶液中に溶解している抗体凝集体の除去方法に関するものであり、特に医薬品および/または研究用試薬の製造工程に好適に用いられる。   The present invention relates to a method for purifying antibodies, particularly a method for removing antibody aggregates dissolved in an antibody aqueous solution, and is particularly suitable for use in the production process of pharmaceuticals and / or research reagents.

古くから免疫グロブリンGを主成分とするγ−グロブリン製剤が各種感染症などの予防や治療に役立てられてきた。しかし、γ−グロブリン製剤は血圧降下を伴うアナフィラキシー様の重篤な副作用を起こすので筋肉投与に限定されている。静注内投与を可能とするためには、副作用の原因である抗補体価を低減させる必要があるが、この抗補体価は抗体モノマーの凝集化によって生じることがわかっている。また、最近ではがんやアレルギーをターゲットとした抗体医薬が注目されてきているが、抗体凝集体は免疫源として作用し、所望でない免疫応答を引き起こす。また、タンパク質の構造解析の分野では、タンパク質の精製度が重要であり、抗体の解析時に、抗体中から抗体凝集体は除去することが求められている。   For a long time, γ-globulin preparations mainly composed of immunoglobulin G have been used for the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases. However, γ-globulin preparations are limited to intramuscular administration because they cause anaphylaxis-like serious side effects with blood pressure lowering. In order to enable intravenous administration, it is necessary to reduce the anti-complement value that causes side effects, and it has been found that this anti-complement value is caused by aggregation of antibody monomers. Recently, antibody drugs targeting cancer and allergies have attracted attention, but antibody aggregates act as an immunogen and cause unwanted immune responses. In the field of protein structural analysis, the degree of protein purification is important, and it is required to remove antibody aggregates from the antibody during antibody analysis.

この抗体凝集体を除去する方法として、超遠心により除去する方法や限外ろ過膜を用いた手法(特許文献1)やプロテインAカラム、イオン交換カラム、サイズ排除カラムを組み合わせた手法(特許文献2)、疎水ゲルを用いた手法(非特許文献1)などがある。超遠心法は研究分野では、用いることは可能であるが、大量生産プロセスには向かない。限外ろ過膜による手法は、膜の分画がシャープでないため、精製度において不十分である。また、カラムやゲルを用いた手法は、高価なカラムの使用におけるコスト面やグラジエント溶出などの操作が煩雑であったり、継続使用による劣化の問題や精製抗体が希釈されることによる精製後の濃縮または乾燥工程への負担が大きくなる欠点がある。また、抗体の精製に時間がかかり、抗体の変性の問題がある。   As a method for removing this antibody aggregate, a method of removing by ultracentrifugation, a method using an ultrafiltration membrane (Patent Document 1), a method combining a protein A column, an ion exchange column, and a size exclusion column (Patent Document 2). ), And a method using a hydrophobic gel (Non-patent Document 1). Although ultracentrifugation can be used in the research field, it is not suitable for mass production processes. The method using an ultrafiltration membrane is insufficient in the degree of purification because the membrane fraction is not sharp. In addition, the method using a column or gel requires complicated operations such as cost and gradient elution when using an expensive column, deterioration due to continuous use, and concentration after purification due to dilution of the purified antibody. Or there is a drawback that the burden on the drying process becomes large. In addition, it takes time to purify antibodies, and there is a problem of antibody denaturation.

一方、ポリアミドは安価であるため、縫合糸や人工腎臓などディスポーザブル製品として医療分野に用いられており、特にポリアミド繊維は縫合糸やフィルターなどに利用されている。
特開昭56−59716号公報 第2638680号特許公報 HLC MAIL GRAM,東ソー株式会社,2003年8月25日,第97巻,第3号,p.10
On the other hand, since polyamide is inexpensive, it is used in the medical field as a disposable product such as sutures and artificial kidneys, and in particular, polyamide fibers are used in sutures and filters.
JP 56-59716 A Japanese Patent No. 2638680 HLC MAIL GRAM, Tosoh Corporation, August 25, 2003, Vol. 97, No. 3, p. 10

本発明の目的は、安価なディスポーザブル材料を用いた抗体の精製方法、特に抗体水溶液中に溶解している抗体凝集体の除去方法を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying an antibody using an inexpensive disposable material, particularly a method for removing an antibody aggregate dissolved in an antibody aqueous solution.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明は以下の構成を有する。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration.

すなわち本発明は、抗体水溶液中の抗体凝集体をポリアミドに吸着させることを特徴とする抗体凝集体の除去方法。   That is, the present invention is a method for removing antibody aggregates, comprising adsorbing antibody aggregates in an aqueous antibody solution to polyamide.

本発明の抗体凝集体の除去方法は、γ−グロブリン製剤や免疫療法に用いられる抗体医薬などの製造工程における抗体の精製方法として用いられ、本精製方法を用いることにより効率よく、安価なディスポーザブル材料で抗体凝集体を除去できることから、極めて有用な方法である。   The method for removing antibody aggregates of the present invention is used as a method for purifying antibodies in the production process of γ-globulin preparations and antibody pharmaceuticals used in immunotherapy, and is an efficient and inexpensive disposable material using this purification method. This is a very useful method because it can remove antibody aggregates.

本発明で用いられるポリアミドは脂肪族ポリアミドであるナイロン−6、ナイロン−6,10、ナイロン−6,6、ナイロン−7、ナイロン−11に加え、芳香環を有するポリアミドとして、メタキシリレンジアミン(MXDA)とアジピン酸からのナイロンMXD6、ヘキサメチレンジアミンとテレフタル酸からのナイロン6T、更に、全芳香族系ポリアミドであるアラミドとして、ポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミドやこれらの共重合ポリアミドなどが挙げられる。特に脂肪族ポリアミドは、親水性と疎水性のバランスがとれており、疎水性のより高い抗体凝集体を吸着し、抗体モノマーは吸着しないという選択的な吸着性能をもつ。中でもナイロン−6やナイロン−6,6は古くから医療用途に用いられており、安価でディスポーザブルとして利用可能であり、入手も容易であることから好適に用いられる。   The polyamide used in the present invention is an aliphatic polyamide such as nylon-6, nylon-6,10, nylon-6,6, nylon-7, nylon-11, and a polyamide having an aromatic ring. MXDA) and nylon MXD6 from adipic acid, nylon 6T from hexamethylenediamine and terephthalic acid, and examples of aramid which is a wholly aromatic polyamide include polyparaphenylene terephthalamide and copolyamides thereof. In particular, aliphatic polyamide has a balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and has a selective adsorption performance of adsorbing antibody aggregates having higher hydrophobicity and not adsorbing antibody monomers. Among them, nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 have been used for medical purposes for a long time, are inexpensive and can be used as disposables, and are easily used because they are easily available.

その重量平均分子量は特に限定されるものではないが、あまり重合度が高くなると繊維にする際には、紡糸性が悪くなるため、2000〜2000000が好ましく、10000〜1500000がより好ましい。また、ポリアミドを紡糸する場合は加熱時の重合促進による高分子量化を防ぐために、アミノ基末端を酢酸などで封鎖されていてもよい。   The weight average molecular weight is not particularly limited. However, when the degree of polymerization is too high, spinnability is deteriorated when the fiber is used, and therefore, 2000 to 2000000 is preferable, and 10000 to 1500000 is more preferable. In the case of spinning polyamide, the end of the amino group may be blocked with acetic acid or the like in order to prevent high molecular weight due to acceleration of polymerization during heating.

ポリアミドは繊維状、平膜状、中空糸膜状、ビーズ、ゲル、スポンジ状などどのような形状で用いられてもよいが、製造コストや表面積の点から繊維状が望ましい。繊維状で用いる場合、繊維径は特に限定されないが、0.1μm〜100μm、より好ましくは1μm〜100μmのものが好ましい。繊維は、織布の形でもよいし、不織布の形でもよい。また、糸くずなどの漏出の点からは長繊維であることが望ましい。長繊維からなる不織布を得る場合はメルトブロー法やスパンボンド法などによって得ることができる。   The polyamide may be used in any shape such as a fiber shape, a flat membrane shape, a hollow fiber membrane shape, a bead, a gel, or a sponge shape, but the fiber shape is desirable from the viewpoint of production cost and surface area. When used in a fibrous form, the fiber diameter is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 1 μm to 100 μm. The fiber may be in the form of a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. In addition, long fibers are desirable from the viewpoint of leakage of lint and the like. In the case of obtaining a nonwoven fabric composed of long fibers, it can be obtained by a melt blow method or a spun bond method.

また、本発明でいうポリアミドには他の成分、例えば親水性成分であるポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコールやイオン性成分であるポリアクリル酸などがブレンドまたはグラフト、コーティングされているものも含まれる。   The polyamide referred to in the present invention includes those blended, grafted, or coated with other components such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, or ionic component polyacrylic acid, which are hydrophilic components. .

本発明における抗体凝集体とは、抗体水溶液中に溶解されているものであり、プレフィルターなどで除去されるものではない。抗体凝集体は、具体的には抗体水溶液中において、抗体が3分子以上凝集したもののことをいい、例えば、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーにおいて、主要となる抗体のモノマーピークおよびダイマーピークよりも高分子量側に存在するピークとして検出される。通常、抗体水溶液中では抗体凝集体は1%〜30%程度含まれている。   The antibody aggregate in the present invention is dissolved in an antibody aqueous solution and is not removed by a prefilter or the like. The antibody aggregate specifically refers to an antibody aggregated in an antibody aqueous solution in which 3 or more molecules of the antibody are aggregated. For example, in size exclusion chromatography, the antibody aggregate is on the higher molecular weight side than the main antibody monomer peak and dimer peak. Detected as an existing peak. In general, antibody aggregates contain about 1% to 30% of antibody aggregates.

抗体水溶液中に溶解している抗体凝集体をポリアミドに吸着させる場合は、抗体の水溶液をポリアミドに浸漬または通液するだけでよい。抗体の濃度は10mg/ml以下であることが望ましく、また、用いられるポリアミドは、多いほどよいが、抗体量に対して10倍以上、好ましくは50倍以上であることが望ましい。   When the antibody aggregate dissolved in the antibody aqueous solution is adsorbed on the polyamide, it is only necessary to immerse or pass the antibody aqueous solution in the polyamide. The concentration of the antibody is desirably 10 mg / ml or less, and the more polyamide used, the better, but it is desirably 10 times or more, preferably 50 times or more, the amount of antibody.

抗体は凝集することにより、疎水化度が上がるため、疎水性の材料によって吸着されやすくなると考えられる。しかし、抗体のモノマーも分子内に疎水部分をもっているため、抗体水溶液を疎水性の強い材料に浸漬すると、抗体凝集体とともに精製されるべき抗体モノマーも吸着除去されてしまう。   It is considered that the antibody is likely to be adsorbed by a hydrophobic material since the degree of hydrophobicity increases due to aggregation. However, since the antibody monomer also has a hydrophobic portion in the molecule, when the antibody aqueous solution is immersed in a highly hydrophobic material, the antibody monomer to be purified together with the antibody aggregate is also adsorbed and removed.

ポリアミドは、分子内に疎水性部分と親水性部分をあわせもつポリマーであり、疎水性と親水性のバランスにより抗体凝集体だけが選択的に吸着除去されると考えられる。   Polyamide is a polymer having both a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part in the molecule, and it is considered that only antibody aggregates are selectively adsorbed and removed due to the balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity.

抗体の水溶液は、抗体が溶解され、失活されないのであればどのような条件でもよいが、pH6〜8のリン酸緩衝液に塩化ナトリウムが150mM含むものが好適に用いられる。   The aqueous solution of the antibody may be under any conditions as long as the antibody is dissolved and not inactivated, but a pH 6-8 phosphate buffer solution containing 150 mM sodium chloride is preferably used.

抗体はヒト由来に限らず、ヒト以外の動物由来の抗体においても用いることができる。   The antibody can be used not only for human origin but also for antibodies derived from animals other than human.

本発明における抗体凝集体の除去方法は、γ−グロブリン製剤や免疫療法に用いられる抗体医薬などの製造工程における精製方法として好適に使用することができる。   The method for removing antibody aggregates in the present invention can be suitably used as a purification method in the production process of γ-globulin preparations and antibody drugs used for immunotherapy.

抗体凝集体の濃度は、高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定した(溶離液:0.5M 酢酸緩衝液、pH4.5、カラム:東ソー製 G3000SWXL、装置:東ソー社、HPLCシステム、流速:0.5ml/min)。本測定条件では、抗体モノマーは17.5分、抗体凝集体は12.5分付近にピークが観測される。   The concentration of the antibody aggregate was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (eluent: 0.5 M acetate buffer, pH 4.5, column: G3000SWXL, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, apparatus: Tosoh Corporation, HPLC system, flow rate: 0.5 ml / min) ). Under these measurement conditions, a peak is observed at around 17.5 minutes for antibody monomers and around 12.5 minutes for antibody aggregates.

(実施例1)
NaClを150mM含む20mMリン酸緩衝液(pH7.5)に2mg/mlに溶解したヒト免疫グロブリンG(シグマ社製)1mlをナイロン−6,6長繊維不織布(繊維径10μm)0.1gに浸漬した。高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定したところ、浸漬前に20%含まれていたヒト免疫グロブリンG水溶液中のヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体は浸漬後には完全に除去されていた。一方、ヒト免疫グロブリンGのモノマーは90%以上残存していた。
(Example 1)
1 ml of human immunoglobulin G (manufactured by Sigma) dissolved in 2 mM / ml in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) containing 150 mM NaCl is immersed in 0.1 g of nylon-6,6 long fiber nonwoven fabric (fiber diameter 10 μm). did. When measured by high performance liquid chromatography, aggregates of human immunoglobulin G in the aqueous solution of human immunoglobulin G, which was contained 20% before immersion, were completely removed after immersion. On the other hand, 90% or more of human immunoglobulin G monomer remained.

(比較例1)
実施例1と同様にしてポリプロピレン長繊維不織布0.1gに浸漬したところ、ヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体とともにヒト免疫グロブリンGのモノマーも吸着された(総量で60%吸着)。さらに浸漬後のヒト免疫グロブリンG水溶液中のヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体の含量は20%のままであった。
(Comparative Example 1)
When immersed in 0.1 g of a polypropylene long-fiber nonwoven fabric in the same manner as in Example 1, human immunoglobulin G monomers were also adsorbed together with aggregates of human immunoglobulin G (60% adsorption in total). Furthermore, the content of the aggregate of human immunoglobulin G in the human immunoglobulin G aqueous solution after immersion was still 20%.

(比較例2)
実施例1と同様にしてポリエチレンテレフタレート長繊維不織布0.1gに浸漬したところ、ヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体とともにヒト免疫グロブリンGのモノマーも吸着された(総量で60%吸着)。さらに、浸漬後のヒト免疫グロブリンG水溶液中のヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体の含量は20%のままであった。
(Comparative Example 2)
When immersed in 0.1 g of polyethylene terephthalate long fiber nonwoven fabric in the same manner as in Example 1, human immunoglobulin G monomers were also adsorbed together with human immunoglobulin G aggregates (60% in total). Furthermore, the content of the aggregate of human immunoglobulin G in the human immunoglobulin G aqueous solution after immersion was still 20%.

(比較例3)
実施例1と同様にして硫酸基の導入されたポリスチレン編み地0.1gに浸漬したところ、ヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体とともにヒト免疫グロブリンGのモノマーも吸着された(総量で90%吸着)。
(Comparative Example 3)
When immersed in 0.1 g of a polystyrene knitted fabric into which sulfate groups were introduced in the same manner as in Example 1, human immunoglobulin G monomers were adsorbed together with aggregates of human immunoglobulin G (90% adsorption in total amount).

(実施例2)
実施例1と同様にして、ナイロン−6短繊維不織布(繊維径7μm)0.1gに浸漬した。高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定したところ、浸漬前に20%含まれていたヒト免疫グロブリンG水溶液中のヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体は浸漬後には完全に除去されていた。一方、ヒト免疫グロブリンGのモノマーは90%以上残存していた。
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, it was immersed in 0.1 g of a nylon-6 short fiber nonwoven fabric (fiber diameter: 7 μm). When measured by high performance liquid chromatography, aggregates of human immunoglobulin G in the aqueous solution of human immunoglobulin G, which was contained 20% before immersion, were completely removed after immersion. On the other hand, 90% or more of human immunoglobulin G monomer remained.

(実施例3)
実施例1と同様にして、アクリル酸をグラフトしたナイロン−6短繊維不織布(繊維径7μm)0.1gに浸漬した。高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定したところ、浸漬前に20%含まれていたヒト免疫グロブリンG水溶液中のヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体は浸漬後には完全に除去されていた。一方、ヒト免疫グロブリンGのモノマーは80%以上残存していた。
(Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, it was immersed in 0.1 g of a nylon-6 short fiber nonwoven fabric (fiber diameter: 7 μm) grafted with acrylic acid. When measured by high performance liquid chromatography, aggregates of human immunoglobulin G in the aqueous solution of human immunoglobulin G, which was contained 20% before immersion, were completely removed after immersion. On the other hand, 80% or more of human immunoglobulin G monomer remained.

(実施例4)
実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルピロリドンが5重量%ブレンドされたナイロン−6,6長繊維織布(繊維径10μm)0.1gに浸漬した。高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定したところ、浸漬前に20%含まれていたヒト免疫グロブリンG水溶液中のヒト免疫グロブリンGの凝集体の含量は浸漬後には1%未満であった。一方、ヒト免疫グロブリンGのモノマーは95%以上残存していた。
Example 4
In the same manner as in Example 1, it was immersed in 0.1 g of nylon-6,6 long fiber woven fabric (fiber diameter 10 μm) blended with 5% by weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone. When measured by high performance liquid chromatography, the aggregate content of human immunoglobulin G in the aqueous solution of human immunoglobulin G, which was contained 20% before immersion, was less than 1% after immersion. On the other hand, 95% or more of human immunoglobulin G monomer remained.

Claims (2)

抗体水溶液中の抗体凝集体をポリアミドに吸着させることを特徴とする抗体凝集体の除去方法。 A method for removing antibody aggregates, comprising adsorbing antibody aggregates in an aqueous antibody solution to polyamide. ポリアミドが脂肪族ポリアミドであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の抗体凝集体の除去方法。 The method for removing an antibody aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the polyamide is an aliphatic polyamide.
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JP2013523865A (en) * 2010-04-14 2013-06-17 エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー Removal of immunoglobulin aggregates
WO2020203718A1 (en) 2019-03-29 2020-10-08 旭化成メディカル株式会社 Method for purifying protein
JPWO2020209267A1 (en) * 2019-04-08 2020-10-15

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JP2013523865A (en) * 2010-04-14 2013-06-17 エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー Removal of immunoglobulin aggregates
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US10723762B2 (en) 2010-04-14 2020-07-28 Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Immunoglobulin aggregate removal
WO2012175156A1 (en) 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh Method for separating biopolymer units and viruses from a fluid
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