JP2005131542A - Flameproofed gas absorbent - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas absorbent having excellent gas-absorbing properties and remarkable fire-proofing and -resistant properties and a building material containing it. <P>SOLUTION: The absorbent comprises a base material containing a charcoal material having a gas-absorbing property and frit particles carried by the surface of the material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas-absorbing material that is flame-retardant and has fire resistance or fire resistance, and a building material comprising the same.

  Sick building syndrome or sick house syndrome and chemical hypersensitivity have been regarded as recent problems. These are said to be caused by chemical substances from building materials in highly airtight buildings. It has been studied whether such indoor chemical substances can be captured using the absorptivity of charcoal to suppress the occurrence of these symptoms.

  For example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-58181 (Patent Document 1) discloses high-temperature coal carbonized at a temperature of about 800 ° C. or higher, low-temperature coal carbonized at a temperature of about 500 ° C. or lower, alginic acid, a salt thereof, or oxidation. A gas absorbing material containing calcium, which is used as an interior material for a building that absorbs indoor harmful gases, is disclosed.

On the other hand, fire resistance and fire resistance are generally required for building materials, and it is necessary to flame-treat the building materials as necessary. Various studies have been conducted to impart fire resistance and fire resistance to building materials. For example, JP-A-49-92138 (Patent Document 2) discloses a fireproof inorganic paint in which water glass cullet (Na ₂ O · nSiO ₂ ) powder is mixed with water glass. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-118980 (Patent Document 3) discloses an energy-saving fire-resistant paint comprising a water-resistant synthetic resin as a vehicle and containing frit. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-36169 (Patent Document 4) discloses a foam-type fire-proof paint containing a hydroxyl group-containing liquefied product as a vehicle and a phosphate frit. JP 2001-131447 A (Patent Document 5) contains flame retardant imparted composite particles having a structure in which a compound (Si and / or Ti alkoxide) that produces glassy ceramics upon heating is combined. A flame retardant coating is disclosed. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-501970 (Patent Document 6) discloses a low-density fire-proofing material containing glass frit and a method for producing the same.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-587181 JP-A 49-92138 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-118980 JP 59-36169 A JP 2001-131447 A JP 2002-501970 A

Summary of the Invention

  The inventors of the present invention can significantly improve the fire resistance and fire resistance while maintaining the gas absorbency of the carbon material by supporting particulate frit on the surface of the base material containing the carbon material. I got the knowledge. The present invention is based on such knowledge.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a gas absorbent material that is excellent in gas absorbability and exhibits remarkable fire resistance and fire resistance, and in particular, a gas absorbent material used as a building material.

  And the gas absorption material by this invention comprises the base material which comprises a carbonaceous material, and the frit particle carry | supported by this base-material surface.

  Furthermore, the building material by this invention consists of the said gas absorption material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Frit In the present specification, the frit means a water-insolubilized composition obtained by melting a part or all of a glaze preparation component such as ceramics. Here, the glaze compounding component means a raw material usually used for the preparation of glazes such as ceramics, for example, silicic acid content (silica sand, silica, etc.), lead oxide, lead carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc oxide, Examples include strontium oxide, tin oxide, barium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, borax, boric acid, and limestone. Moreover, said melting temperature is suitably determined by the composition of the said glaze preparation component.

According to the present invention, the frit is supported on the surface of the substrate as particles. In the event of a fire, the frit particles are dissolved by the heat, covering the surface of the gas absorbent and blocking the supply of oxygen. As a result, the gas absorbent becomes flame retardant, and generation of CO ₂ gas and the like from the gas absorbent can be effectively prevented.

  The particle size of the frit particles may be appropriately determined, but is preferably about 200 μm or less, and more preferably about 50 μm or less. Further, the melting temperature of the frit varies depending on its composition, and as a result, the fire resistance at a desired temperature can be realized by selecting the frit. Therefore, the melting temperature of the frit particles may be appropriately determined in consideration of the required fireproof temperature. However, in the case of a general building material, the frit particles are preferably melted at about 1000 ° C., more preferably about 600 ° C. Degree.

  In the present invention, the frit particles are supported on the substrate surface by preparing a composition containing at least the frit particles and a binder for binding the frit particles to the substrate surface, and applying the composition. May be performed. The content of the frit particles in the composition may be appropriately determined, but generally contains 80% by weight or more of the frit particles with respect to the total amount of the composition. Examples of the binder include seaweed paste, starch paste, polymer binder, cement and the like, but are not limited thereto. Further, the composition containing frit particles may be appropriately added with pigments, dispersants, fungicides, and the like as other components. The composition containing the frit particles may be prepared by blending the above-described necessary components in a desired ratio and uniformly mixing them using a stirrer such as a gate mixer or a pony mixer.

The gas absorbent according to the present invention is obtained by supporting the composition containing the frit particles on at least one surface of a substrate. The frit particle-containing composition is applied to the substrate surface by an appropriate means. For example, it is applied to the substrate surface by brush coating, spray coating, trowel coating, roll coating, knife coating or the like. The coating amount is not limited as long as the effect according to the present invention, that is, fire resistance is exhibited. For example, a frit amount of about 200 to 2,000 g / m ^{2 by} weight after drying is preferable, and more preferably 500 to It is about 1,500 g / m ² . After loading, the frit particle-containing composition is dried. This drying step may be usually performed at room temperature or under heating.

Substrate The gas absorbing material according to the present invention uses a substrate comprising a carbonaceous material. The raw material for the charcoal material is not particularly limited, and in addition to conifers such as cedar, cypress, pine, and larch, and bamboo, construction waste can also be used.

    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbonaceous material according to the present invention comprises high-temperature coal carbonized at a temperature of about 800 ° C. or higher and low-temperature coal carbonized at a temperature of about 550 ° C. or lower.

  In the present invention, high-temperature coal means charcoal carbonized at a temperature of about 800 ° C. or higher. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, high-temperature coal means one obtained by carbonization at a temperature of preferably about 800 ° C to 1300 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 900 ° C to 1000 ° C. In the production of high-temperature coal, activation such as air activation or steam activation may be performed in the refining process.

  In the present invention, low-temperature coal means char carbonized at a temperature of about 550 ° C. or lower. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, low-temperature coal means that obtained by carbonization at a temperature of about 300 ° C. to 550 ° C., more preferably at a temperature of 450 ° C. to 500 ° C.

  Hot and cold coals differ in their absorbency. Specifically, high temperature charcoal has high absorption characteristics for formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, chlorobenzene and the like, while low temperature charcoal has high absorption characteristics for ammonia, amine and the like. The mixture of both has good absorbability for various substances.

  The mixing ratio of the high temperature coal and the low temperature coal may be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of gas to be captured by the building material according to the present invention, but the high temperature coal and the low temperature coal are 1:99 to 99: on a weight basis. It is preferable to mix in 1 range, More preferably, it is 30: 70-90: 10, More preferably, it is 50: 50-80: 20.

  Hot coal and cold coal are preferably pulverized and used in the form of a powder. The particle size may be appropriately determined, but is preferably about 0.3 to 9.5 mm, more preferably about 0.6 to 1.18 mm.

In addition, since high temperature charcoal shows the electroconductivity whose volume resistance is 10 ohm * cm or less, the gas absorption material by this invention is advantageous also in the point that it has an antistatic effect and an electromagnetic wave shielding effect. Moreover, the low temperature charcoal generally has a volume resistance of about 10 ⁹ to 10 ¹² Ω · cm.

  The substrate according to the present invention may comprise alginic acid or a salt thereof (eg sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt). Alginic acid or a salt thereof not only binds charcoal particles but also has an effect of improving the gas absorbency of the charcoal material. These alginic acids alone have, of course, no gas absorption activity compared to charcoal or small activity, and the coexistence of such substances greatly improves the gas absorption activity of a mixture of high temperature coal and low temperature coal. It is a surprising fact.

  In the present invention, alginic acid or a salt thereof means not only a purified alginic acid or a salt thereof, but also a substance containing alginic acid as a main component, such as carrageenan and horn fork.

  Further, in the base material according to the present invention, the amount of alginic acid or a salt thereof may be appropriately determined from the viewpoint of the function as a binder and the improvement of gas absorption activity, but the lower limit thereof is preferably about 5% by weight, more The upper limit is preferably about 10% by weight, and the upper limit is preferably about 25% by weight, more preferably about 15% by weight.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, the substrate according to the present invention comprises calcium oxide in addition to high temperature coal and low temperature coal. This calcium oxide improves the gas absorption capacity of high-temperature coal and low-temperature coal, similar to alginic acid. Furthermore, due to the presence of calcium oxide, the gas absorbent according to the present invention has the advantage that its fire resistance can be improved. As calcium oxide, specifically, shell calcined calcium obtained by calcining shells and quick lime can be used.

  Further, in the base material according to the present invention, the amount of calcium oxide added may be appropriately determined from the viewpoint of improving gas absorption activity, but the lower limit is preferably about 5% by weight, and the upper limit is preferably about 15% by weight, More preferably, it is about 7% by weight.

  Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, it is possible to include both alginic acid and calcium oxide. Addition of alginic acid and calcium oxide can further improve the gas absorption activity of high-temperature coal and low-temperature coal.

  In addition to the above, the substrate according to the present invention can contain a binder. Examples of such a binder include polymer binders such as diatomaceous earth, cement, and isocyanate resin emulsion, starch paste, natural paste, and seafood paste. As the cement, for example, ordinary Portland cement, moderately hot Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement and the like can be used. Moreover, utilization of diatomaceous earth or cement is advantageous in that the fire resistance of the gas absorbent can be improved. Further, when diatomaceous earth or cement is used, it is preferable to use a polymer binder as a binder. The amount of these binders to be added may be determined as appropriate. However, if these amounts are excessive, the gas absorption activity of the gas absorbent material may be reduced, so the addition amount should be carefully determined. Is desirable. The amount of these binders added to the substrate according to the present invention is preferably about 10 to 40% by weight.

  Moreover, the base material by this invention may contain suitably the component according to necessity other than the said component, zeolite, gypsum, coal, pumice, mortar, diatomaceous earth, volcanic ash soil.

  In the gas-absorbing material according to the present invention, the above components will generally be molded and used as a substrate. The shape of the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape (board shape, panel shape, honeycomb shape, etc.) suitable for the method of use and place of use.

  In manufacturing the base material, it is preferable to use a filler or a reinforcing material in order to increase the strength. Preferable examples of the filler or reinforcing material include fiber materials such as manila hemp and wood pulp, wire mesh, lattice-like or honeycomb-like structures.

  The base material according to the present invention can be obtained, for example, by pouring a mixture of high-temperature coal, low-temperature coal, alginic acid or calcium oxide, and optionally a binder and other components into a mold and molding.

  In addition, the gas absorbing material according to the present invention can improve the appearance by sticking a reinforcing paper as a back surface material. The reinforcing paper is not limited as long as it has a gas permeability that does not impair the gas absorption function of the base material.

Building Material The gas absorbing material according to the present invention can be formed into a board shape or the like and used as a building material such as an indoor building material such as a wall material or a ceiling material.

The building material according to the present invention may conform to the 2000 revised Building Standard Law. That is, the building material according to the present invention has a total calorific value of 8 MJ / m ² or less at a radiant intensity of 30 to 50 kW / m ² for 5 minutes, more preferably 10 minutes, and particularly preferably 20 minutes using a cone calorimeter in accordance with ISO 5660. And the maximum heat generation rate can continue for 10 seconds or longer and not exceed 200 kW / m ² .

  EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1
Preparation of high temperature coal and low temperature coal The high temperature coal and low temperature coal used for the production of the base material were obtained as follows. As the kiln, a concrete one having an inner volume of 16 m ³ having a crater on the front surface, an exhaust port on the lower part of the back surface, and covering the interior with refractory bricks was used. Wood was placed in the kiln and fired from the crater. After about 24 hours, decomposition and carbonization started, and the temperature of 300 to 400 ° C. continued for about 48 hours. Thereafter, the temperature rose to 400 to 550 ° C., but it was judged that the carbonization was finished by this temperature rise and the refining process was started. After 5 to 10 hours, the kiln was completely sealed and cooled. The charcoal thus obtained was used as low temperature charcoal. In the refining process, air activation and steam activation were performed, the carbonization temperature was set to 900 to 1100 ° C., and the charcoal obtained by maintaining this temperature for 3 hours was used as high temperature coal. Here, the air activation is performed by pumping air into the kiln with an air volume of 10 to 20 m ³ / min until the temperature reaches about 900 to 1000 ° C., and the steam activation is when the air is pumped. At a rate of 0.5 to 2 liters / minute.

Preparation of base material 1000 g of mixed coal of high temperature coal and low temperature coal (high temperature coal: low temperature coal = 7: 3) and 47.5 g of Manila hemp were mixed, and 111.2 g of binder (26.2 g of sodium alginate, Potato starch (85 g). Next, the mixture was poured into a mold and pressed and molded to a certain thickness. Then, it put into the drying furnace with putting into a mold, and dried for about 3 to 5 hours at normal temperature or the temperature of 60 degrees C or less. After removing from the drying furnace, the mold was removed to obtain a board-type substrate (thickness: 11.5 mm, mass: 5,000 g / m ² , organic mass: 5,000 g / m ² ).

Frit-containing composition A frit-containing composition having the composition described below was prepared.

-Frit (Lead-free transparent bowl 12-3617, manufactured by Nippon Fellow) 99% by weight
-Binder (Algitex (sodium alginate), manufactured by Kimika Co., Ltd.)
1% by weight
Production of building material The frit-containing composition (mass: 1,000 g / m ² , organic mass: 10 g / m ² ) was applied to the surface of the base material using a brush (thickness of glassy coating material: about 0.5 mm). Furthermore, a reinforcing paper (thickness: 0.5 mm) was attached to the back surface of the base material and cured for 5 days to obtain a building material. This building material was cut out and used as a test sample (size: 97.9 mm × 98.5 mm, thickness: 12.75 mm, mass: 67.92 g).

Test example 1
About the above sample, in accordance with the revised Building Standard Act of 2000, conforming to ISO-5660, cone calorimeter (radiant intensity: 50 kW / m ² , exhaust flow rate: 24 L / s, test time: 10 minutes, Fire Testing Technology Limited Exothermic test (quasi-incombustible performance test) was conducted. In addition, the presence or absence of cracks / holes reaching the back surface was visually confirmed.

According to the criteria of the corn calorimeter method, when the building material is given a heat quantity (30-50 kW / m ² ) corresponding to the initial heat from the fire, (1) 8 MJ / m ² or less after a predetermined test time elapses (2) No cracks or holes penetrating to the back side, which is harmful to fire prevention, and (3) The maximum heat generation rate does not exceed 200 kW / m ² for 10 seconds or more. (The ratings used for fire prevention include non-flammable, semi-nonflammable, and flame retardant, and the total calorific value for 20 minutes, 10 minutes, and 5 minutes is 8 MJ / m ² or less, respectively. ing).

The results were as shown in the table below.

  Moreover, the heat generation rate and the total calorific value measurement curve of the sample were as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the sample satisfied the standards for quasi-incombustible materials according to the 2000 revised Building Standard Law.

2 is a curve for measuring a heat generation rate and a total heat generation amount of a gas absorbent according to the present invention in Test Example 1. FIG.

Claims (12)

  A gas absorbent material comprising at least a base material comprising a carbonaceous material having gas absorbability and frit particles supported on the surface of the base material.   The gas absorbent material according to claim 1, wherein the frit particles are melted during a fire to cover the surface of the base material and block supply of oxygen to the base material.   The gas absorbent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a melting temperature of the frit particles is about 600 ° C. The supported amount of the substrate surface is 200~2,000g / ^{m 2,} gas absorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the frit particles.   The gas absorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the frit particles have a particle size of about 200 µm or less.   6. The carbon material according to claim 1, comprising high-temperature coal carbonized at a temperature of about 800 ° C. or more and low-temperature coal carbonized at a temperature of about 500 ° C. or less. Gas absorber.   The gas absorbing material according to claim 6, further comprising alginic acid or a salt thereof or calcium oxide.   The gas absorbent according to claim 7, comprising both alginic acid or a salt thereof and calcium oxide.   The building material which consists of a gas absorption material as described in any one of Claims 1-8.   The building material according to claim 9, wherein the building material is an indoor building material. The total amount of heat generated by a cone calorimeter that conforms to ISO5660 is at 8 MJ / ^{m 2} or less at measurement time 5-20 minutes in radiation intensity 30~50kW / ^{m 2,} and the total time which the heating intensity is greater than 200 kW / ^{m 2} The building material according to claim 9 or 10, which does not exceed 10 seconds.   The flame-retardant paint for producing a gas absorbent according to claim 1, comprising a frit.

Images