JP2005127582A - Air-conditioning control device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-conditioning control device and its method capable of saving the energy by reducing the air-conditioning load without giving the uncomfortable feeling to a person in a room, and to provide the air-conditioning control device and its method capable of increasing the comfort felt by the person in the room in a short time. <P>SOLUTION: This control device 20 of an air-conditioning control system 1 controls the air-conditioning equipment 10 performing the air-conditioning in an object room, and has a PMV value calculating part 23 for acquiring a PMV value in the object room, a displacement value setting part 25 for setting the target environment standard in the object room, and an air-conditioning control part 26 for controlling the air-conditioning equipment 10 to bring the environment in the object room close to the target environment standard based on the PMV value acquired by the PMV value calculating part 23. The displacement value setting part 25 unidirectionally changes the target environment standard with the lapse of time. A pattern of the change is the change in the direction of lowering a comfort level in a day, the change in the direction of lowering the comfort level in one season, and the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioning control device and an air conditioning control method for adjusting an indoor environment. More specifically, the present invention relates to an air-conditioning control device and an air-conditioning control method that take into account a human habituation function.

Humans have a habituation function for stimuli, and even in a sufficiently comfortable indoor environment, they do not feel that they are so comfortable when they are in it for a long time. For this reason, for example, a plurality of types of air flow fluctuation patterns are stored in the indoor blower, and the fluctuation patterns are irregularly changed so that a new stimulus is constantly felt (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Alternatively, there is one that prevents the loss of comfort due to the habituation phenomenon by irregularly changing the off-temperature of the air-conditioning apparatus that is controlled on-off (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-145988 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 61-38481

  However, in the above-described conventional air-conditioning control apparatus or air-conditioning control method, all are controlled centering on a predetermined room temperature that has been set. For example, cooling in the summer is 25 ° C., heating in the winter is 24 ° C., etc. Is set. And, by changing the air volume and off temperature irregularly, it always makes you feel fresh stimulation.

On the other hand, in recent years, a policy to weaken the air conditioning is being taken as a part of energy saving, but there is a problem that it is not preferable that the work efficiency of the occupants is reduced by that. In addition, for those who stay in the room for a long time, the strong cooling environment for a long time may cause poor physical condition such as cooling disease. For this reason, it has been desired to weaken the air conditioning without making the occupants feel dissatisfied.
In addition, it has also been desired that control is performed so that the customer can get a more comfortable feeling in the occupancy environment of a customer collection facility such as a movie theater or a theater.

  The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the above-described conventional air conditioning control device or air conditioning control method. In other words, the problem is that the air conditioning control device and method that aim to save energy by reducing the air conditioning load without making the occupants feel uncomfortable, or the comfort of the occupants for a short time is increased. An object of the present invention is to provide an air-conditioning control device and an air-conditioning control method.

  An air conditioning control device of the present invention, which has been made for the purpose of solving this problem, is an air conditioning control device that controls an air conditioning device that performs air conditioning in a target room, and includes an indoor environment acquisition unit that acquires an environmental value in the target room, A target environment setting unit for setting a target environmental level in the room, and a control unit for controlling the air conditioner so that the environment in the target room approaches the target environmental level based on the environmental value acquired by the indoor environment acquisition unit. The target environment setting unit changes the target environment level in one direction with the passage of time.

  According to the air conditioning control device of the present invention, the environment in the target room is controlled so as to approach the target environment level by the air conditioning equipment and the control unit. Here, since the human sense has a habituation function, the sense of comfort is dulled if the person stays in a room with the same environmental condition for a long time. Therefore, even if the environmental state changes to some extent, the change may not be felt sensuously depending on the degree of change. Therefore, the target environment level is changed unidirectionally with the passage of time by the target environment setting unit so that the occupants do not feel the change clearly, thereby changing the environment in the target room. If this one direction is a direction to reduce the air conditioning load, the air conditioning control device aiming at energy saving can be achieved by reducing the air conditioning load without causing the occupants to feel uncomfortable. On the other hand, if this one direction is a direction that increases the comfort level, it is possible to provide an air conditioning control device that continues to increase the comfort of the occupants.

Furthermore, in the present invention, it is desirable that the pattern in which the target environment setting unit changes the target environment level has a pattern in which the comfort level decreases in a period during which the air conditioner is continuously operated. .
A change in the direction of reducing the air conditioning load generally decreases the comfort level. Therefore, if this pattern is changed, for example, during the continuous operation of the air conditioning equipment as in one day, the habituation of the occupant is used to make the occupant feel uncomfortable. Can be reduced.

Furthermore, in the present invention, there is a pattern in which the target environment setting unit changes the target environment level in a direction in which the comfort level decreases during the period in which the air conditioner is operated in the same operation mode. Is desirable.
If this pattern is changed, the occupant's habituation is used to make the occupant feel uncomfortable during the period of operation in the same cooling or heating operation mode, for example, in summer or winter. Therefore, the air conditioning load can be reduced.

Furthermore, in the present invention, it is desirable that the pattern in which the target environment setting unit changes the target environment level has a pattern in which the comfort level increases in a period during which the air conditioner is continuously operated.
If it changes with this pattern, it can be set as the air-conditioning control apparatus which continues raising the comfortable feeling of a resident. In particular, in facilities that attract customers and facilities that have many people in the room only for a short time, the feeling of comfort continues to increase while in the room, so a better impression can be given.

  Furthermore, the present invention is an air conditioning control method for controlling an air conditioning device that performs air conditioning in a target room, the environmental value in the target room is acquired, and the environment in the target room is preset based on the acquired environmental value Control the air conditioner so that it approaches the target environment level, change the target environment level unidirectionally over time, and operate the air conditioner continuously in a pattern that changes the target environment level A pattern in which the comfort level decreases during the period, and a pattern in which the comfort level decreases in a period during which the air conditioner is operated in the same operation mode, and the air conditioner are continuously connected. Thus, the present invention extends to an air conditioning control method including at least one of a group of patterns in which the comfort level is increased in the driving period.

  According to the air-conditioning control device and the air-conditioning control method of the present invention, the air-conditioning control device and the air-conditioning control method aiming at energy saving by reducing the air-conditioning load without causing the occupants to feel uncomfortable, An air-conditioning control device and an air-conditioning control method are provided that continue to increase the comfort of the person.

“First Embodiment”
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The air-conditioning control system 1 of this Embodiment has the general air conditioning equipment 10 and the control apparatus 20 which controls it, as the schematic structure is shown in FIG.

The air conditioning equipment 10 of the air conditioning control system 1 of the present embodiment can set a target environmental value (for example, indoor temperature), and automatically sets the temperature of the installed room to be close to the target indoor temperature. It is operated by air conditioning. Furthermore, the wind direction and the air volume may be adjustable.
As shown in FIG. 1, the control device 20 includes a sensor unit 21, a setting input unit 22, a PMV value calculation unit 23, a timer unit 24, a displacement value setting unit 25, and an air conditioning control unit 26.

  The sensor unit 21 includes various sensor devices and is a part that measures room temperature, room humidity, wind speed, radiation, and the like. The setting input unit 22 is a part that receives input of the amount of clothes and the amount of work by the occupants. The PMV value calculation unit 23 is a part that calculates PMV values to be described later based on various sensor values detected by the sensor unit 21 and input data from the setting input unit 22. The timer unit 24 is a part that always outputs date and time data. The displacement value setting unit 25 is a part for setting the displacement value at that time based on the date and time acquired by the timer unit 24. Here, the displacement value represents the amount of change from the reference set value of the environmental value (for example, PMV value) targeted by the air conditioning equipment 10 at each time. Various patterns of the displacement value are stored in advance in the displacement value setting unit 25. The air conditioning control unit 26 is a part that controls the indoor environment by changing the settings of the air conditioning equipment 10.

  Next, the PMV value calculated by the PMV value calculation unit 23 will be described. PMV is an abbreviation for Predicted Mean Vote, and this PMV value has recently been used in place of conventional room temperature as an index of comfort. This PMV value is internationally standardized by ISO7730, and is calculated by an equation called a comfort equation from six elements of temperature, humidity, airflow, radiation, amount of clothes, and amount of work. It is expressed by a numerical value in a range from “very hot” of “+3” to “very cold” of “−3” with “0” as the center. In general, (−0.5 <PMV <+0.5) is considered to be almost comfortable.

  Of these six elements, temperature, humidity, airflow, and radiation are measured by the sensor unit 21. The amount of work is roughly determined by the type of work performed in the room. Here, it is assumed that the room where the air conditioning control system 1 is installed is a place where a plurality of people such as offices and factories are present for a relatively long time and work of almost the same amount of work is continuously performed. doing. In such a case, the amount of work in the room can be assumed and stored when the air conditioning system 1 is installed. As for the amount of clothes, the amount of clothes of the occupants throughout the year may be predicted in advance corresponding to the date, and stored in the PMV value calculation unit 23 for use. Alternatively, several types of patterns may be prepared, and the administrator may perform setting input from the setting input unit 22 at the timing of changing clothes.

  By the way, there is a habituation function in humans, and even in a comfortable environment, if you stay in it for a long time, you will gradually feel less comfortable. On the other hand, even if the environment slowly changes in an unpleasant direction due to the same habituation function of human beings, there is often no feeling of unpleasantness to a certain extent. The air conditioning control system 1 uses this point to perform control to gradually reduce the comfort level according to habituation. Here, it is divided into season acclimatization (long interval displacement) and day acclimatization (short interval displacement).

  The long section displacement is a pattern in which the comfort level is gradually changed over the entire period in which the same air-conditioning state such as summer and winter is continuously used. The short section displacement is a pattern within a period in which the air conditioner 10 is continuously operated, such as one day. The control device 20 targets the environmental value obtained by changing the total displacement value obtained by adding the displacement value due to the long interval displacement and the displacement value due to the short interval displacement with respect to the reference environment value (PMV value or air conditioning setting, etc.). , Control the air conditioning equipment 10. As a specific example of how to change, in both the long section displacement and the short section displacement, the comfort level is increased to some extent at the beginning of each section, and the comfort level is gradually decreased. Then, there is a method in which the comfort level is lowered in the middle of the section so as to be close to the lower limit of the comfort range, and then the state is maintained until the end of the section.

  Next, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show examples of changes in the environmental value due to the long section displacement and the short section displacement. However, for simplicity, the room temperature is used as an indicator of the environmental value. FIG. 2 shows an example of the summer season, and FIG. 3 shows an example of the winter season. FIG. 2 (a) shows the long section displacement as a change in the target room temperature during the cooling period over the entire period of 6 to 10 months, and FIG. 2 (b) shows the short section displacement within the target for the day. Shown as change in room temperature. In each figure, the reference set temperature is shown by a one-dot chain line, and the target room temperature by the air conditioning control system 1 shown by the solid line is obtained as a result of changing only the displacement value due to the long section displacement or the short section displacement from here. It has been. The broken line shows an example of the transition of the outside air temperature. In FIG. 2A, the average daily temperature transition is shown, and in FIG. 2B, the average daily outside temperature transition is shown. .

  A specific change in the target indoor temperature in this example is as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), at the beginning of the season, the temperature is set to 25 ° C. according to the reference set temperature. Thereafter, the target room temperature is gradually raised to 28 ° C. (+ 3 ° C.) from the middle of June toward the middle of August when the heat peak is reached. Since then, acclimatization has progressed, so the state of 28 ° C. is continued as it is until the end of the season. This is a change in the target room temperature due to the long section displacement.

  As for one day, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), when going to work in the morning, the temperature is set to 1 ° C. lower than the standard set temperature of 25 ° C., thereby increasing the comfort level. Then, the target room temperature is gradually raised toward around 14:00, which is the peak of the outside air temperature, and is changed to 28 ° C. (+ 3 ° C.). After that, it will remain that way until the end of work. This is a change in the target room temperature due to the short section displacement. FIG. 2 (b) is a graph for the case where the long section displacement is 0 ° C. When the long section displacement is at + 3 ° C., the overall target room temperature is further set to + 3 ° C. Become. That is, at the time when the long section displacement is + 3 ° C., the daily target room temperature gradually increases from (+ 3-1) ° C. to (+ 3 + 3) ° C. with respect to the reference set temperature.

  On the other hand, in the winter season, the target room temperature is changed as shown in FIG. Fig.3 (a) shows the change of the target indoor temperature in the whole 11 to March of a heating period, FIG.3 (b) has shown the change of the target indoor temperature of the day in it. The solid line represents the target room temperature that is changed with respect to the reference set temperature of the alternate long and short dash line. Also, the broken line shows an example of the transition of the outside air temperature, FIG. 3A shows an average transition of the lowest daily temperature, and FIG. 3B shows an example of the transition of the average daily outside temperature. ing. In other words, in the winter season, the target room temperature for heating is gradually lowered by the long section displacement and the short section displacement. Here, the description has been made focusing only on the room temperature. However, if the air conditioner 10 is a device that can set elements other than the temperature, other elements can be included in the control target and various settings can be changed. preferable. The numerical values such as −1 ° C. and + 3 ° C. shown here are merely examples, and may be −0.5 ° C. and + 2.5 ° C.

  Next, based on FIG. 4, the operation control processing of the air conditioning equipment 10 by the control device 20 will be described. When the operation of the air conditioning equipment 10 is started at the start of business, first, the control device 20 acquires the date of the day from the timer unit 24, and acquires the displacement value due to the long section displacement by the displacement value setting unit 25 based on the date (S101). ). Next, the displacement value due to the short section displacement is acquired by the displacement value setting unit 25 from the current time acquired from the timer unit 24 (S102). Or you may acquire the displacement value by short section displacement by the elapsed time from the driving | operation start.

  Next, the total displacement value is acquired by adding the displacement value due to the long interval displacement obtained at S101 and the displacement value due to the short interval displacement obtained at S102 (S103). Next, a target PMV value that is a target of the indoor environment by the air conditioning equipment 10 is calculated from the reference PMV value corresponding to the reference set temperature and the like and the total displacement value obtained in S103 (S104).

  Further, in order to compare the current indoor environment with the target PMV value, first, the current PMV value is obtained by calculating the PMV value using the measured value of the sensor unit 21 (S105). Then, it is determined whether or not the current PMV value exceeds the target PMV value (S106). When it exceeds (S106: Yes), the air-conditioning equipment 10 is controlled so that the present PMV value may be lowered and brought close to the target PMV value (S107). Alternatively, it is determined whether or not the current PMV value is below the target PMV value (S108). If it is lower (S108: Yes), the air conditioning equipment 10 is controlled so as to increase the current PMV value to approach the target PMV value (S109).

  When the current PMV value is equal to the target PMV value (S106: No, S108: No), the operation with the setting as it is is continued. Then, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the short section displacement was acquired in S102 (S110). If the predetermined time has elapsed (S110: Yes), the process returns to S102 to acquire the next short section displacement. Then, a new target PMV value is calculated through execution of S102 to S104. If the predetermined time has not elapsed (S110: No), the current PMV value is continuously monitored with the target PMV value as it is (S105 to S109). S102 to S110 are repeated until the operation of the air conditioning equipment 10 is stopped. When the operation of the air conditioning equipment 10 is stopped, this processing is also ended.

Next, FIGS. 5 to 8 show the results of experiments in which operation control is performed by the air conditioning control system 1. 5 and 6 are for the summer season, and FIGS. 7 and 8 are for the winter season.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the summer season, the power consumption was greatly reduced in all the experimental days compared to the conventional control. In particular, energy consumption was reduced by 30-40% from mid-September to the end of September when power consumption was low. Also, from late August to early September, about 25-30% was energy saving.

  When this is seen as a change in the PMV value, it becomes as shown in FIG. In this figure, in the left side of the central PPD (expected unsatisfied person ratio) value graph, the range surrounded by the broken line is the PMV value range by the conventional fixed setting. Moreover, in the figure on the right side of the PPD value graph, the range surrounded by the broken line is the PMV value range in the control of the air conditioning control system 1 by this experiment. A hatched portion in the left side view indicates a range (−0.5 <PMV <0.5) defined as a comfortable area by ISO7730. Further, the PPD value is determined in advance corresponding to each PMV value, and the comfort zone is a range in which the PPD value is less than 10%. As can be seen from this figure, no matter how comfortable the environment is, dissatisfied people will not be zero.

  As a result of this experiment, the measured PMV value was in the range of 0.81 to 1.88. This range is generally a range in which the PPD value is about 20 to 60%. However, since the PMV value was gradually increased by the control by the air conditioning control system 1, the unsatisfactory rate was almost the same as that in the comfort zone. Therefore, it can be said that energy was saved without increasing the number of unsatisfied people.

  Further, as can be seen from FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the effect was obtained in the winter season as in the summer season. In FIG. 7, on the day of operation by the air conditioning control system 1, there was a day in which the energy consumption was 50 to 80% in terms of power consumption compared to the day by the conventional control. In the winter season, the overall average PMV value varies from day to day due to conditions such as the outside temperature of the day, and the degree of energy saving varies greatly compared to the summer season. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the PMV value range slightly decreased and changed to the cold side as a whole.

  As described above in detail, according to the air-conditioning control system 1 of the present embodiment, the comfort level is gradually reduced using the habituation function of human beings. Moreover, the comfort level is sufficiently increased at the beginning of the section and the comfort level is slowly decreased, so that the number of unsatisfied people does not increase. Therefore, the air conditioning control system 1 can save energy by reducing the air conditioning load without causing the occupants to feel uncomfortable.

“Second Embodiment”
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Since the configuration of the air-conditioning control system 1 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.

  This embodiment is intended for use in places such as movie theaters and theaters where there are few people entering and leaving within a predetermined performance time, and when there is a large amount of access when the performance time ends. In such a place, long-term displacement is not set because acclimatization over a long period does not occur. Then, it is only necessary to set a short section displacement with the performance time as one segment. As an example of the short section displacement, the PMV value may gradually approach 0 over the entire performance time. In this way, the comfort level gradually increases during the performance, and the viewing can be finished in a very comfortable state. Or it is good also as making it change to a comparatively comfortable PMV value for a short time first, and raising a comfort level little by little after that. By doing this, it will be comfortable at an early stage, and it will not be in a state where air conditioning is too good until the end.

  Next, based on FIG. 9, the operation control process of the air conditioning equipment 10 of the air conditioning control system 1 of the present embodiment will be described. This process is started with each opening or performance. When this process is started, first, a displacement value due to a short section displacement is acquired according to the elapsed time from the start (S201). In this embodiment, since there is no long section displacement, the displacement value due to this short section displacement is taken as the total displacement value (S202).

  Thereafter, S203 to S209 of FIG. 9 are performed. This is a processing part for bringing the current PMV value close to the target PMV value, and is the same as that shown in S104 to S110 of FIG. Then, when the predetermined time has not elapsed since the short section displacement was acquired in S201 (S209: No), it is determined whether or not the end of that time has been reached (S210). If the performance is not yet finished (S210: No), the air conditioning is further controlled (S204 to S209). When the performance is finished (S210: Yes), this process is terminated.

  As described above in detail, according to the air conditioning control system 1 of the present embodiment, the air conditioning equipment 10 is set so as to gradually increase the comfort level in consideration of the habituation function of humans. Therefore, the air-conditioning control system 1 is suitable for an indoor environment that is almost closed for a relatively short time, such as a movie theater, and continues to increase the comfort of the occupants for a short time.

Note that this embodiment is merely an example, and does not limit the present invention. Therefore, the present invention can naturally be improved and modified in various ways without departing from the gist thereof.
For example, in each of the above embodiments, the target PMV value is a single numerical value, but it may have a certain range. In that case, when the current PMV value exceeds the upper limit of the target PMV value, the PMV value may be controlled to decrease. If the current PMV value falls below the lower limit of the target PMV value, the PMV value may be controlled to increase.
Further, for example, in the first embodiment, the short section displacement is acquired every predetermined time, but after the displacement value due to the short section displacement converges to the upper limit value, the current PMV value and the target PMV value are obtained. Only the comparison with may be executed continuously.

Further, for example, in the first embodiment, the displacement value setting unit 25 stores the patterns of the long section displacement and the short section displacement in advance. However, instead of storing the entire pattern in advance, the limit of the displacement value and the displacement value of the previous day may be stored every day, and the displacement value of that day may be calculated from them.
Further, for example, in the first embodiment, the temperature setting of the air conditioning equipment 10 is changed. However, on / off control may be performed while measuring the room temperature. Moreover, in the air conditioning equipment 10 in which other settings can be changed, they may be changed in combination.
Further, for example, in the first embodiment, the temperature setting is changed at a constant rate. However, a method may be adopted in which the temperature setting is slightly changed at first and gradually changed gradually.

It is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of an air-conditioning control system concerning a 1st embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the control method by the air-conditioning control system in a summer season. It is explanatory drawing which shows the control method by the air-conditioning control system in a winter season. It is a flowchart which shows the operation control process of an air conditioning control system. It is a graph which shows the change of the power consumption of the result of having evaluated about the summer season. It is a graph which shows the change of the PMV value of the result evaluated about the summer season. It is a graph which shows the change of the power consumption of the result of having evaluated about the winter season. It is a graph which shows the change of PMV value of the result evaluated about the winter season. It is a flowchart which shows the operation control process of the air-conditioning control system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air conditioning control system 10 Air conditioning equipment 20 Control apparatus 23 PMV value calculation part 25 Displacement value setting part 26 Air conditioning control part

Claims (5)

In the air conditioning control device that controls the air conditioning equipment that air-conditions the target room,
An indoor environment acquisition unit for acquiring environmental values in the target room;
A target environment setting section for setting a target environment level in the target room;
A control unit that controls the air-conditioning equipment so that the environment in the target room approaches the target environmental level based on the environmental value acquired by the indoor environment acquisition unit,
The air conditioning control device characterized in that the target environment setting unit changes the target environment level in one direction as time passes. In the air conditioning control device according to claim 1,
The air conditioning control in which the target environment setting unit changes the target environment level in a pattern in which the comfort level decreases in a period during which the air conditioning equipment is continuously operated. apparatus. In the air-conditioning control device according to claim 1 or 2,
The pattern in which the target environment setting unit changes the target environment level includes a pattern in which the comfort level decreases in a period during which the air conditioner is operated in the same operation mode. Air conditioning control device. In the air conditioning control device according to claim 1,
The air conditioning control characterized in that the target environment setting unit changes the target environment level in a pattern in which the comfort level increases in a period during which the air conditioner is continuously operated. apparatus. In the air-conditioning control method for controlling the air-conditioning equipment that air-conditions the target room,
Obtain the environmental value in the target room,
Based on the acquired environmental values, the air conditioning equipment is controlled so that the environment in the target room approaches the preset target environmental level, and the target environmental level is changed unidirectionally over time.
In a pattern that changes the target environmental level,
During the period of continuous operation of the air conditioning equipment, the pattern changes in the direction of decreasing comfort,
During the period when the air conditioner is operated in the same operation mode, the pattern changes in the direction of decreasing comfort level,
An air conditioning control method comprising at least one of a group consisting of a pattern in which the comfort level is increased in a direction in which the air conditioning equipment is continuously operated.

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