JP2005105683A - Fiber reinforced plate and structure reinforcing method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fiber reinforced resin plate provided with an additional function which cannot be produced by reinforcement or does not accompany the reinforcement as well as the effect of the reinforcement. <P>SOLUTION: In the fiber reinforced resin plate made by impregnation with a resin, forming the plate into a specified shape and hardening the formed body, the plate has at least one surface as a surface 11 capable of being bonded to a structure reinforcement surface, and a projection 12 is formed on a surface different from the bondable surface. The projection is used as a water dripping section or a handle section. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to reinforcement of a structure using a fiber reinforced resin plate, and in particular, a fiber reinforced resin plate for preventing raindrops and the like from wrapping around from the side of the structure to the lower part at the same time as reinforcing an end of the structure and a structure using the same It relates to a reinforcing method.

  The present invention also relates to a fiber reinforced resin plate that can reinforce a surface facing a narrow gap in a structure, which has been difficult in the past, and a structure reinforcement method using the same.

  In general, the structure is made of metal such as iron, wood, concrete, and the like, and the strength varies greatly depending on the design standards at the time of construction, as well as the decrease in yield strength due to aging. Also, in the previous Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the existing seismic standards were reviewed based on the experience that damage to buildings that met the standards of the new seismic design method enforced in 1981 was minor. Goods are also required to comply with the new seismic standards.

  In the case of an existing building, if it is demolished and newly constructed, a building that satisfies the new earthquake resistance standard can be obtained. However, it takes a long time to build, and the cost is great. Therefore, normally, repair and reinforcement work is carried out unless the deterioration is significant.

  In addition to seismic reinforcement, there is an urgent need to reinforce road floor slabs and girders in response to the relaxation of loading regulations. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in measures to prevent concrete from coming off tunnels, overpasses, and bridges.

  There is also a method to reinforce using steel materials for repair and reinforcement work, but because the weight of the material itself is heavy, it is necessary to use heavy machinery for construction, and it also increases the weight of the structure itself, which is preferable. Absent. Furthermore, there is a problem that the reinforcing material itself is easily deteriorated by rust or the like.

  Therefore, recently, restoration and reinforcement using reinforcing fibers have been attracting attention as materials that can replace such steel materials. In particular, carbon fiber as a reinforcing fiber has properties of about 10 times the strength and about 1/5 the strength of steel materials, and is lightweight while being strong and yet does not corrode. For this reason, there is an advantage that heavy machinery is not required for construction, construction work can be easily performed in a short time, and the weight of the structure to be repaired or reinforced does not increase greatly.

  However, carbon fiber is not versatile and has excellent tensile stress in the fiber length direction, but has low compressive stress. It can be used for repair and reinforcement work such as bending reinforcement and shear reinforcement utilizing these characteristics. Applied.

  In repair / reinforcement work using reinforcing fibers, first, after correcting the unevenness of the parts to be reinforced, a primer layer is formed if necessary, a fiber-reinforced resin sheet is attached, and a thermosetting resin is impregnated. Or, after pasting a fiber reinforced resin prepreg sheet that has been impregnated with resin in advance, the thermosetting resin is heated and cured to convert it to a fiber reinforced resin (FRP) plate on the repair / reinforcement surface. Secure. In addition, a method of attaching a pre-cured FRP plate for the purpose of omitting the heat curing step is also known.

  By the way, in a viaduct such as an expressway or a railway, a noise barrier made of concrete or metal is provided to prevent noise, and a noise barrier of about 1.5 m to 3 m is usually installed. In densely populated areas such as urban areas, higher soundproofing properties are required, and high soundproof walls of about 7 m have been installed.

  When such a soundproof wall is installed, the load on the bridge floor slab is increased by the load of the soundproof wall itself, and the wind load due to wind pressure cannot be ignored. Recently, a noise barrier for reducing the wind load has been proposed, but the wind load cannot be reduced to zero at all, and it is necessary to take measures even if the reinforcement work is reduced.

  Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-129427) discloses a panel structure for a soundproof wall that prevents a small piece of concrete from peeling off from the soundproof wall together with a soundproof effect, and the soundproof wall panel includes a core material, It is a structure having a soundproof part composed of a fiber reinforced plastic skin material located on both sides of the core material, and a fiber reinforced plastic peeling prevention cover covering the vertical surface and the vicinity of the lower surface end of the building housing below the soundproof part. .

  In this way, it is necessary to take measures to reinforce the structure and prevent the concrete pieces from peeling off at the end of the bridge.

  On the other hand, when rainwater hits the overhanging part at the end of the slab of the viaduct, rainwater circulates from the side of the overhanging part to the lower part, and if it is a concrete building, dirt adheres to the concrete surface and detracts from the beauty. In some cases, there are problems that the concrete surface is deteriorated and the steel structure is corroded. In addition, in snowy areas and in winter, snow falls in place of rain, and the snow accumulates on the upper and side surfaces of the overhang, and the melted snow water that has melted the snow flows downward and freezes to form icicles. These icicles become gradually larger and may fall due to some vibrations or temperature conditions, but there are also problems such as hindering driving of automobiles passing under them and injuring passersby.

  In order to prevent such an increase in the amount of rainwater and icicles, in the case of a concrete bridge, a drainage notch portion having a triangular cross section or the like having a depth of about 10 mm is provided on the lower surface of the overhang portion. However, it is necessary to secure a certain distance between the notch cross-section tip and the main rebar, so it is necessary to increase the amount of concrete in the overhang. is there. In addition, such a notch is formed by providing a concrete mold with a triangular cross section and placing concrete, and then removing the mold, but this is a field work, and when the mold is removed, the notch There is also a problem that some parts are easily damaged.

  Instead of providing a draining portion on such a concrete member itself, it has been proposed to attach the draining member in close contact with the lower surface of the overhanging portion. Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-13327) proposes attaching an L-shaped or T-shaped draining plate, or a triangular pyramid or semi-cylindrical member. However, anchor bolts must be driven to attach these draining plates, and the strength of the structure tends to decrease.

  On the other hand, road bridge floor slabs such as expressways have multiple floor slabs arranged, but there are only a few gaps between the floor slabs, and there is no way between these floor slabs. In areas where adjacent floor slabs are adjacent to each other, reinforcement of the side face of the floor slab with FRP reinforcing material could not be performed.

JP 2003-129427 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-13327

  Conventionally, a reinforcing member using reinforcing fibers such as a fiber reinforced resin plate is required only for a reinforcing effect, and even if an additional function is required, a function derived by reinforcing the appearance and the like, It was only a function associated with reinforcement such as ease of inspection for confirming the reinforcement effect.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced resin plate having not only a reinforcing effect but also an additional function that is not derived or accompanied by reinforcement.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a fiber reinforced resin plate that can repair and reinforce the side surfaces of narrow gaps such as between floor slabs that have been difficult to repair and reinforce.

  The present invention for solving the above problems is a fiber reinforced resin plate obtained by impregnating a fiber reinforced resin with a resin, molded into a predetermined shape, and cured, and has at least one surface that can be bonded to a structure reinforcing surface The fiber-reinforced resin plate is characterized in that a protrusion is provided on a surface different from the surface that can be bonded. In particular, the fiber reinforced resin plate of the present invention has an approximately L-shaped inner surface as an adhesive surface, and the protrusions are formed continuously in the longitudinal direction of the rod-like body at or near the corner of the approximately L-shaped outer surface. It is characterized by being.

  The present invention also relates to a method for repairing / reinforcing a structure that can be exposed to rain / snow using the fiber reinforced resin plate, wherein the raindrop or snowmelt water has a side flow lower end portion that is to be repaired / reinforced. A repairing / reinforcing method characterized by sticking a fiber reinforced resin plate and projecting a protruding portion downward or laterally as a draining portion.

  Furthermore, the present invention is a method for repairing / reinforcing a surface of a structure facing a narrow gap, wherein one end of the fiber-reinforced resin plate having an adhesive applied to the gap of the structure is connected to the protrusion. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for repairing / reinforcing a structure, characterized in that a protrusion is provided on the plate surface to be inserted, and a force is applied to the protrusion in a direction opposite to the surface to be bonded. It is a preferable aspect that the insertion tip is brought into close contact with the structure by adding the.

  In the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-value-added product in which a function as a draining member is added to the reinforcing member as well as the reinforcement of the structure.

  Further, in the present invention, by using the fiber reinforced resin plate of the present invention for the gap between floor slabs, which has been difficult to repair / reinforce conventionally, the protrusion is used as a handle part, and the gap The plate material can be easily inserted into the plate, and the inserted plate tip can be brought into close contact with the reinforcing surface by applying a certain amount of force to the handle.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with respect to a first embodiment in which a draining portion is provided at the same time as reinforcement of an end portion of a bridge floor slab overhang. In the first embodiment of the present invention, a structure that can be exposed to rain and snow. As long as it is applicable to any structure.

  FIG. 3A is a view of a part of the bridge as viewed from the lateral direction, and the effect of the load A at the center between the bridge beams 22 of the floor slab 21 is the largest. FIG. 3 (b) shows the cross-sectional structure of the end portion of the slab overhang, and usually the edge of the end of the slab end 23 has a thick concrete thickness to relieve this stress as shown in FIG. However, as shown in the figure, the installation of the soundproof wall 24 increases the load and the strength may be insufficient, and it is necessary to reinforce the lower surface of the end portion. On the other hand, by providing a soundproof wall or the like, the wind load B due to the cross wind increases. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the side surface of the overhang portion.

  Usually, such reinforcement of the floor slab ends has been performed by a method in which a reinforcing fiber sheet is continuously attached from the side surface to the lower surface, impregnated with resin and cured to form a resin plate.

  In the present invention, there is no difference from the related art in terms of reinforcement. However, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a surface different from the adhesive surface 11 serving as the inner surface of the L-shaped rod-shaped body (L-shaped rod). A feature is that a fiber reinforced resin plate (T-shaped FRP plate) 1 having a T-shaped cross section is formed on a protrusion portion that becomes a draining portion 12 on the outer surface of the body. Such an FRP plate is attached to the bottom corner of the floor slab 21 as shown in FIG. 2, and the draining portion 12 is projected downward, so that the raindrop R hits the side of the floor slab and flows downward. Then, the water drains downward at the end of the draining portion 12 and can be prevented from wrapping around the lower part of the floor slab.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the floor slab lower end corner may be formed in a chamfered shape, but as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 1 shows an example in which a draining portion is provided at the outer corner of the L-shaped rod-shaped body and the cross-section is shaped to be T-shaped. Then, as shown in FIG. 5A, the cross section may be formed in a Y shape. In FIG. 2, the draining portion is pasted so as to project downward, but it may be projected toward the side surface as shown in FIG. 5B, and the tip portion may be further bent downward. . Furthermore, you may make it form a draining part between a plate edge part and a corner | angular part instead of a corner | angular part (FIG.5 (c)). Moreover, the draining part can be formed not only in a single plate shape but also in a hollow shape as shown in FIG. Moreover, when a corner | angular part has R shape, it can also form in the structure which has the adhesive surface matched with the shape (FIG.5 (e)). Of course, in addition to those shown in these figures, it is also possible to bend the end part in a different way from the bonding surface and form a draining part at the end part, but when attaching the FRP plate, the load of the draining part As a result, the end portion is easily peeled off. Preferably, it is desirable to form a draining portion in the corner or in the vicinity of the corner.

  The FRP plate is obtained by laminating a required number of prepreg sheets in which a reinforcing fiber is impregnated with a resin so as to obtain a desired reinforcing strength, and pressurizing and heating the laminated body to cure the resin. For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, the T-shaped FRP plate of the present invention is formed by laminating two prepreg sheets A and B, and bonding them together to form a draining portion together with a reinforcing adhesive surface. A T-shaped FRP plate can be obtained as shown in FIG. 6 (b) by obtaining a laminate having the above and curing the resin by applying pressure and heating. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 7, instead of the two sheets A and B, a single long prepreg sheet D is used, both ends are sequentially bonded from both ends of the sheet C, and the portions are folded back too much. FRP plates can be obtained. In this case, the draining portion can be formed at an arbitrary position by changing the folding position.

  In the present invention, since it is not necessary to consider the fiber direction during molding, a method of obtaining a molded body using a cross-sheet prepreg is preferable, but UD prepreg sheets may be laminated by alternately changing the fiber direction.

  Further, the shape of the end portion of the floor slab to be reinforced is not limited to a right-angled shape, and may be formed at various angles. Further, as described above, the corner portion of the floor slab may be chamfered depending on the case. For example, when a fiber reinforced resin plate as shown in FIG. 4 is manufactured, a laminated body having a chamfered shape is manufactured and temporarily cured, and a prepreg sheet including a draining portion is bonded to the laminate as described above, and then heated under pressure. Then, it is fully cured to obtain a molded product having a desired shape. Alternatively, after a mold material having a chamfered shape is sandwiched between a laminated body of a reinforcing part and a prepreg sheet of a draining part and cured at once, the mold material can be pulled out of the molded body to obtain a molded product. Alternatively, the mold material itself can be formed by an FRP plate and integrated as it is. When integrating in this way, it is desirable to use a hollow structure mold material in order to suppress an increase in weight. In the present invention, the surface used for adhesion including such a chamfered shape is referred to as “substantially L-shaped inner surface”.

  In addition to using such a prepreg sheet, it is also possible to manufacture by pultrusion using a mold having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.

The reinforcing fiber to be used is not particularly limited, and carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, other organic fiber, and the like can be used, and can be appropriately selected according to the application. Among them, carbon fiber is preferable. For example, in the tensile test method of fiber reinforced plastic in accordance with JIS K7073, the standard product (S type) is 1.52 × 10 ⁵ N / mm ² or more, and the medium elastic product (M type). In this case, a material having a tensile elastic modulus of 1.96 × 10 ⁵ N / mm ² or more and a high elastic product (H type) of 2.94 × 10 ⁵ N / mm ² or more can be used.

  Moreover, any resin can be used as the resin impregnated in the reinforcing fibers, as long as it is a thermosetting resin. Conventionally, a resin used for manufacturing such an FRP plate can be used.

  The reinforcing adhesive surface is formed so as to cover a desired reinforcing range. On the other hand, the overhanging length of the draining portion is not particularly limited, but if it is too long, only the amount of the fiber reinforced resin plate itself is used, and the draining effect itself is not improved. Therefore, it is desirable to be 100 mm or less. On the other hand, if it is too short, the draining effect may not be sufficiently exhibited.

  In addition, the FRP plate of the present invention is exposed to rainwater and often exposed to sunlight, and it is desirable to perform surface coating treatment in order to improve light resistance. For example, a composition in which a dye or a light-resistant drug is mixed with a resin can be applied or coated with a gel coat layer or the like. Usually, the FRP plate is dark, and in some cases, the design or aesthetics of the structure may be impaired. It is also possible to finish the appearance to a desired color or pattern during the surface coating treatment.

  Next, a method for reinforcing a structure using the FRP plate of the present invention will be described.

  In the construction, the ground treatment of the place to be reinforced is performed. For example, when reinforcing a floor slab made of concrete slab, in the ground treatment, finish the concrete surface to which the FRP plate is attached, fragile concrete, dust, dirt, etc. by blasting or disc sandering slightly from the adhesion surface of the FRP plate. After removing a wide area, repair the cracks (resin injection), etc., to ensure the soundness of the concrete surface. Also, the unevenness and unevenness caused by the removal of the finishing material should be repaired with polymer cement mortar.

  Next, primer coating is performed to improve the adhesion between the concrete and the FRP plate. Depending on the adhesive used, this step can be omitted.

  In this way, an adhesive is applied to the corner of the floor slab applied with the primer, and on the other hand, an adhesive is also applied to the FRP plate using a dedicated jig as required. In order to improve adhesiveness, it is desirable to roughen the adhesive surface of the plate with sandpaper, a grinder or the like. Press with a roller or the like so that no gap remains between the concrete surface and the FRP plate. At this time, the adhesive is pressed until it is pushed out of the FRP plate, and the protruding adhesive is removed before being cured. Moreover, it is desirable to remove the adhesive if it also adheres to the surface of the FRP plate.

  Here, the adhesive to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is an adhesive that can sufficiently bond the FRP plate and the structure to be reinforced and can maintain a desired reinforcing effect. The epoxy adhesive which has been conventionally used can be used.

  When installing the FRP plate, it is preferable to install the FRP plate so that the draining portion faces downward, but the FRP plate may be installed so as to project sideways. When installed so as to project to the side, rainwater flowing down from the top may fall downward from the overhanging end of the draining part, and at the same time, the draining part may become a trap and fall from both side ends of the FRP plate. is there.

  In addition, in a snowy area or the like, it is preferable to stick it so as to face downward rather than a structure projecting to the side because there is little increase in weight due to snow adhesion.

  The FRP plate of the present invention is preferably installed over the entire end of the floor slab, but may be installed with a predetermined gap. In the present invention, by installing the reinforcing member of the present invention in the portion where the stress is most applied, it is not necessary to drive notches or anchor bolts, and the draining effect is achieved simultaneously with the reinforcement.

  In the present invention, it is also possible to reinforce the surface facing the narrow gap between the floor slabs. The embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

  A second embodiment of the T-shaped FRP plate of the present invention will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 8, when the floor slabs 81 are arranged in parallel, a slight gap is provided. This is to prevent the concrete surface from being destroyed by rubbing the surfaces that are brought into close contact with each other by vibration or the like when placed in close contact. Usually, this gap is small and not wide enough to insert a hand, so that it has been difficult to reinforce by a conventional method using a reinforcing fiber sheet. However, in the T-shaped FRP plate of the present invention, the protrusion is used as a handle at the time of attachment work, and the plate surface continuous with the protrusion is inserted into the gap. Thus, the insertion work is facilitated by providing the handle. If the force is applied in the direction opposite to the surface to be bonded to the handle portion, that is, the direction A shown in the drawing, the insertion tip may be used as a fulcrum. The portion is moved toward the B direction, and the insertion tip can be brought into close contact with the reinforcing surface. Furthermore, you may press using the jig | tool which can be inserted in a clearance gap. By constructing the other floor slab in the same way, repair and reinforcement work for both floor slabs can be performed as shown in FIG.

  Further, the protrusion as the handle is provided on the L-shaped corner so as to have a T-shaped cross section as described above, and is not the surface of the insertion plate, that is, the lower portion of the floor slab as shown in FIG. It can also be provided on the surface opposite to the adhesive surface. In FIG. 10, when one surface of the FRP plate 93 is inserted into the gap 92 of the floor slab 91, the insertion surface can be stably inserted by providing two handle portions 931 on the opposite surface side of the lower adhesive surface. In particular, when inserting the insertion surface, the adhesive applied to the tip may be rubbed off if it is inserted in contact with the concrete surface facing the narrow gap. Can be inserted straight by holding it with both hands, and if the handle near the corner is inserted while applying a slight force inwardly between the handles, Bends away from the adhesive surface, preventing the adhesive from falling off. As a method of forming a plurality of protrusions in this way, the method shown in FIG. 7 or the method of forming by pull-out molding or the like can be mentioned. Further, the handle portion may be provided with unevenness to make it easier to grip, or a part thereof may be thickened.

  In addition, since it is difficult to sufficiently perform the ground treatment on such a narrow part, sandpaper or the like is put in the gap to perform simple ground treatment, and a little more adhesion is made to the bonding surface of the FRP plate in the gap insertion portion. What is necessary is just to apply the agent.

  In the above description of the present invention, the aspect in which the protrusion of the FRP plate of the present invention is used as a draining part or a handle part has been described. However, the protrusion should be used for various purposes within a range that does not impair the reinforcing effect. Can do. For example, the protruding portion can be formed in a cylindrical shape, and the cylindrical portion can be used as a conduit for passing a signal line.

It is a perspective view of the FRP plate of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing for demonstrating the draining effect by the FRP plate of this invention. It is a figure explaining the bridge floor slab which should be reinforced, (a) is a schematic side view, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of a floor slab edge part. It is sectional drawing explaining an example of the FRP plate of this invention which enables the installation to the corner | angular part of a chamfering shape. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of a change of the FRP plate of this invention. It is the schematic explaining the manufacturing method of the FRP plate of this invention. It is the schematic explaining another manufacturing method of the FRP plate of this invention. It is sectional drawing explaining 2nd Embodiment which applies the FRP plate of this invention to the clearance gap between floor slabs. It is a perspective view which shows the state which installed the FRP plate of this invention between the floor slabs. It is sectional drawing explaining another example of 2nd Embodiment which applies the FRP plate of this invention to the clearance gap between floor slabs.

Explanation of symbols

1 FRP plate 11 Adhesive surface 12 Projection (drainage)
21 floor slab 22 bridge girder 23 floor slab edge 24 soundproof wall 81 floor slab 82 T-shaped FRP plate 821 handle part 91 floor slab 92 gap 93 T-shaped FRP plate 931 handle part

Claims (7)

  A fiber reinforced resin plate formed by impregnating a fiber with a resin, molded into a predetermined shape, and cured, having at least one surface that can be bonded to a structure reinforcing surface, and a surface different from the surface that can be bonded A fiber-reinforced resin plate characterized by providing a protrusion.   The plate has a substantially L-shaped inner surface as an adhesive surface, and the protrusions are formed continuously in the longitudinal direction of the rod-like body at or near the corner of the substantially L-shaped outer surface. The fiber-reinforced resin plate according to claim 1.   The fiber-reinforced resin plate according to claim 1, wherein the protruding portion is a draining portion.   The fiber-reinforced resin plate according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion is used as a handle portion in the pasting operation.   A method for repairing / reinforcing a structure that can be exposed to rain / snow using the fiber-reinforced resin plate according to claim 1, wherein the structure should be repaired / reinforced at the lower end of the side flow of the structure of raindrops or snowmelt water. A repair / reinforcement method comprising sticking the fiber reinforced resin plate to the bottom and projecting the protruding portion downward or laterally to form a draining portion.   A method of repairing / reinforcing a surface facing a narrow gap of a structure, wherein one end of the fiber-reinforced resin plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an adhesive is applied to the adhesion surface of the gap of the structure, A method of repairing / reinforcing a structure, wherein the protruding portion is inserted as a handle portion.   7. The projection tip is provided on the surface of the plate to be inserted, and a force is applied to the projection in a direction opposite to the surface to be bonded, thereby bringing the insertion tip into close contact with the structure. Repair / reinforcement method of the structure.

Images