JP2005098023A - Pneumatic caisson - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pneumatic caisson, which can be manufactured easily and inexpensively by simplifying the structure of a man lock. <P>SOLUTION: A workroom 15, in which an excavator 18 is set to excavate the ground 17 under a pressurized condition, is constructed under a workroom slab 13, on the upside of which the man lock 20 is constructed integrally and airtightly, and a man shaft 25 with a manlift capable of moving up and down between the ground surface and the workroom slab 13 is also formed. The man shaft 25 is provided with a man shaft door 25c that allows workers to come in and out from the man lock 20 via the gate 25b of the man shaft 25 and opens/closes at the gate 25b airtightly, while a workroom door 24a is formed between the man lock 20 and the workroom 15 to allow the workers to come in and out through the workroom door 24a. A pressure adjusting means 31 is installed in the man lock 20 to adjust the inner pressure of the man lock 20 from an atmospheric pressure to the inner pressure of the workroom 15. A breathing gas supply means 32, which supplies a breathing gas for the workers via buffer tanks 46, 56, is also installed in the man lock 20. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a pneumatic caisson that performs excavation work on a natural ground with a working chamber in a pressurized state, and more particularly to a pneumatic caisson suitable for deep excavation, in which an operator enters and exits a high-pressure working chamber. It is related with the improvement of the manlock which goes through.

  Conventionally, in a pneumatic caisson, excavation is performed using an excavator with the working chamber set to a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure in order to suppress leakage of groundwater. During this excavation work, it is not preferable for the worker to be exposed to a high pressure environment, and therefore, the work room is excavated in an unmanned state.

  In recent years, deep underground drilling has been carried out using pneumatic caissons. In such a caisson, the atmospheric pressure in the working chamber must be set high in accordance with the depth. For example, in a conventional pneumatic caisson, the atmospheric pressure set to about 0.3 Mpa at the maximum is, for example, 0. It may be set to about 7 Mpa.

  In such a pneumatic caisson for deep excavation, when a worker enters a high-pressure work room, the worker is gradually adapted from the atmospheric pressure to the pressure in the work room in order to prevent a high-pressure failure, When leaving the work room after work, it is gradually adapted from the atmospheric pressure to the atmospheric pressure in the work room.

  FIG. 5 shows a pneumatic caisson as shown in Patent Document 1 below, for example.

  In the figure, reference numeral 80 denotes a pneumatic caisson for excavating a deep ground. A work room slab 82 and a blade 83 are provided below the caisson housing 81, and a work room is provided below the work room slab 82. 84 is provided.

  In the caisson housing 81 on the upper side of the work chamber slab 82, two sets of man shaft devices 90 provided with a lifting device 85 such as an elevator for a worker to move up and down are provided from the ground side to the work chamber 84 side. Yes.

  These man shaft devices 90 are made of steel, and are provided below in a state in which a lifting chamber 93, a sub chamber 94, a main chamber 95, and a trunk chamber 96 for moving up and down to the lifting device 85 are arranged in the vertical direction. The chambers 93, 94, 95, 96, and 84 are configured to be movable up and down by a straight ladder 97, and the chambers can be opened and closed in an airtight state by an opening / closing door (not shown). The size of each chamber is, for example, about 2 m in diameter and the length of the straight ladder is about 15 m to 20 m.

  The working chamber 84, the main chamber 95, and the sub chamber 94 are configured to be supplied with compressed air from a compressed air supply device (not shown) installed on the ground. The inside of the work chamber 84 is always maintained at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by the compressed air. Further, the main chamber 95 and the sub chamber 94 are manlocks 92 capable of adjusting the atmospheric pressure from the atmospheric pressure to the pressure of the working chamber 84 by the supplied compressed air.

  Further, in the main chamber 95 and the sub chamber 94, a helium mixed gas composed of helium, nitrogen and oxygen is supplied from the breathing gas supply device 98 installed on the ground to the breathing section 99a via the breathing gas passage 98b. The high oxygen partial pressure gas having a high oxygen partial pressure is supplied to the breathing unit 99b via the breathing gas passage 98a. Further, the oxygen exhalation is directly discharged outside the lock. Then, the operator can alternately breathe the mixed gas from the breathing unit 99a and the high oxygen partial pressure gas from the breathing unit 99b.

  In such a pneumatic caisson 80, the inside of the work chamber 84 has a high atmospheric pressure, and excavation is normally performed unattended. However, an operator may enter the work chamber 84 for various reasons. In that case, the operator enters from the entrance provided in the upper part of the man shaft device 90, descends the inside of the man shaft device 90 by the lifting device 85, descends into the lower lifting chamber 93, and the main chamber by the straight ladder 97. It enters the manlock 92 composed of 95 and the sub chamber 94. At this time, the inside of the manlock 92 is at atmospheric pressure.

  Then, with the worker entering the interior, the opening (not shown) is closed, the main chamber 95 and the sub chamber 94 are sealed, and compressed air is supplied to gradually increase the pressure in the manlock 92. The person is adapted to the atmospheric pressure in the working chamber 84. Then, the pressure inside the manlock 92 is set to the pressure inside the work chamber 84, and the process is completed in a state where the pressure is sufficiently adapted to the atmospheric pressure inside the work chamber 84.

  Thereafter, an opening (not shown) between the main chamber 95 and the sub chamber 94 and the work chamber 84 is opened, and the operator can enter the work chamber 84 by lowering the straight ladder 97 under a high pressure environment.

On the other hand, after the work in the work chamber 84 is completed, the worker again raises the straight ladder 97 under a high-pressure environment and returns to the manlock 92 including the main chamber 95 and the sub chamber 94 to be in a sealed state. Then, by gradually reducing the pressure from the atmospheric pressure in the work chamber 84 to the atmospheric pressure in the manlock 92, the worker is adapted to the atmospheric pressure. Thereafter, the internal air pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure, and the operation is completed in a state where the worker is sufficiently adapted to the atmospheric pressure, and the main chamber 95 and the sub chamber 94 are opened with an opening (not shown) between the elevator chamber 93 and the unillustrated opening. Then, it can be raised to the lifting chamber 93 and lifted by the lifting device 85 in the man shaft device 90 and can come out from the upper entrance.
JP 2003-147776

  In the conventional pneumatic caisson 80 for deep underground excavation, since the man shaft device 90 is made of steel and has the main chamber 95 and the man chamber 92 of the sub chamber 94 that can be pressurized to a high atmospheric pressure, the structure of the man shaft device 90 However, it is necessary to assemble the man shaft device 90 by transporting the pre-manufactured manlock 92 to the excavation site, making it difficult to form a large manlock 92.

  Therefore, the manlock 92 is narrow and it is difficult to accommodate a large number of workers in the manlock 92, and if a large number of workers consume the breathing gas at the same time, the breathing gas is insufficient. There is a problem that it is difficult to perform a process adapted to the atmospheric pressure or the atmospheric pressure in the working room, and the mental and physical burden on the worker is large.

  Therefore, the present invention can manufacture a larger manlock easily and inexpensively, and can also perform a process that allows a large number of workers to simultaneously adapt to the atmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure of the working chamber. The issue is to provide caisson.

  The invention according to claim 1, which achieves the above object, is provided with a work chamber provided with an excavator and capable of excavating natural ground in a pressurized state below the work chamber slab, and above the work chamber slab. A manlock having a space that can be airtightly closed is provided, and a man shaft provided with an elevator that can be raised and lowered from the ground side to the work room slab is provided, and the man shaft is provided in the man lock from the entrance and exit of the man shaft. It is configured to be able to enter and exit, and a man shaft opening / closing door that can be opened and closed in an airtight state is provided at the entrance and exit of the man shaft, and a work chamber opening / closing door that can enter and exit is provided between the man lock and the work chamber, Air pressure adjusting means capable of increasing / decreasing the pressure inside the manlock from atmospheric pressure to the pressure inside the work chamber is provided, and for breathing for supplying worker breathing gas into the manlock A pneumatic caisson equipped with a gas supply means, wherein the breathing gas supply means includes a control unit for adjusting a pressure of the worker breathing gas, and the worker breathing pressure regulated by the control unit. And a buffer tank for storing gas, wherein the worker breathing gas supplied from the buffer tank is configured to be breathable in the manlock.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to the first aspect, the breathing gas supply unit includes a detecting unit that detects a pressure change of the worker breathing gas regulated by the control unit. And an abnormality notification means for detecting and notifying the abnormality of the pressure change.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first or second aspect, the manlock is airtightly provided in a sub chamber having an entrance / exit of the man shaft and a main chamber having an entrance / exit of the work chamber. The air pressure adjusting means and the breathing gas supply means are provided in each of the main chamber and the sub chamber, and a lateral communication passage and the communication passage are hermetically sealed between the main chamber and the sub chamber. A communication passage opening / closing door that can be opened and closed in a state is provided.

  The invention according to claim 4 has a double slab structure including an upper slab above the work chamber slab in addition to the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the work chamber slab. The manlock is formed by providing a partition wall between the upper slab and the upper slab.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, a recovery chamber having a recovery means for the excavator is provided on the upper side of the work chamber slab. An opening that allows the excavator to pass between the recovery chamber and the work chamber and that can be opened and closed in an airtight state, and a recovery chamber pressure adjustment that can increase or decrease the pressure in the recovery chamber from the pressure inside the work chamber to the atmospheric pressure. And a collection chamber communication passage and a collection chamber opening / closing door capable of opening and closing the collection chamber communication passage in an airtight state are disposed between the manlock and the collection chamber.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the manlock is provided with an exhaust means, and the exhaust means and the atmospheric pressure adjusting means are provided in the manlock. It is characterized in that the oxygen concentration of the gas can be adjusted to be constant.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the manlock that can enter and exit from the entrance and exit of the man shaft is provided on the upper side of the work chamber slab, and the inside of the manlock can be increased or decreased from atmospheric pressure to the pressure inside the work chamber. Equipped with atmospheric pressure adjustment means, it is not necessary to provide a man lock in the man shaft, no equipment such as a pressure-resistant structure of the man shaft is required, and the man lock can be simplified. Since it can be formed with a slab, it can be easily constructed. In addition, since the manlock can be formed using the wide upper surface of the working chamber slab, it is possible to form a large manlock, and it is possible to manufacture the manlock easily and inexpensively.

  Further, since the breathing gas supply means for supplying the worker breathing gas into the manlock has a buffer tank for storing the pressured worker breathing gas, the manlock is formed in a large size and has a large number. Even if a worker is accommodated at the same time and adapted to the atmospheric pressure or atmospheric pressure of the work room, it is easy to secure the supply amount of the breathing gas by the breathing gas stored in the buffer tank, At the same time, it is easy to perform a process adapted to the atmospheric pressure or the atmospheric pressure in the working room.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, the breathing gas supply means includes a detecting means for detecting a pressure change of the worker breathing gas, and an abnormality notifying means for detecting and notifying the abnormality of the pressure change. Therefore, when the process for adapting to the atmospheric pressure or atmospheric pressure of the work room for the worker is not normally performed, it is easy to confirm from the outside, it is easy to prevent the high pressure failure of the worker, and it is easier to ensure the safety of the worker. .

  According to the third aspect of the invention, even if the main chamber and the sub chamber, which are separately adjustable in atmospheric pressure, are provided with the lateral communication path between the main chamber and the sub chamber, When a worker enters and exits a work room via a main room and a sub room under a high pressure environment, the amount of momentum that moves up and down can be reduced by moving horizontally between the main room and the sub room, Further, the physical burden on the worker can be reduced.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, since the manlock can be formed by providing the partition wall between the working slab having the double slab structure constructed for various purposes and the upper slab, the manlock can be easily formed. It can be formed, and the width of the manlock can be arbitrarily adjusted and formed simply by adjusting the position of the partition wall.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, the recovery chamber provided with the recovery means of the excavator and the atmospheric pressure adjustment means is provided above the work chamber slab, and the recovery chamber opening / closing door is provided between the recovery chamber and the manlock. When the excavator is inspected, repaired, assembled, disassembled, and recovered in the recovery chamber, the excavator is recovered and the opening is closed to bring the recovery chamber to atmospheric pressure. If the adjustment is performed, the operator can perform a recovery operation without being exposed to a high-pressure environment. Therefore, when entering and leaving the work room, Manlock can be used for the process of adapting the operator to changes in atmospheric pressure, and at the same time, it can also be used as a pneumatic chamber for excavator inspection, repair, assembly, and dismantling and recovery work. It is possible to use the manlock efficiently and is convenient.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the exhaust means is provided in the manlock, and the oxygen concentration of the gas in the manlock can be adjusted by the exhaust means and the pressure adjusting means. Even if oxygen is consumed or the exhalation of the mixed gas is discharged, the oxygen concentration in the manlock is easily maintained at a predetermined concentration.

[Embodiment 1]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

  1 and 2 show the pneumatic caisson of the first embodiment.

  In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a pneumatic caisson for excavating deep ground. In this pneumatic caisson 10, a work chamber slab 13 and a blade opening 14 are provided below the caisson housing 12, a work chamber 15 is defined below the work chamber slab 13, and an excavation ground 17 is provided in the work chamber 15. An excavator 18 capable of excavating is provided. An upper slab 16 is provided on the upper side of the work chamber slab 13 so as to form a space between the work chamber slab 13 and a double slab structure. Furthermore, a man shaft 25 is provided from the ground side to the work room slab 13 inside the caisson housing 12 on the upper side of the work room slab 13.

  In a space between the working chamber slab 13 and the upper slab 16, a manlock 20 including a main chamber 22 and a sub chamber 21 is formed in an airtight manner by a partition wall 19 formed between the slabs 13 and 16. . And between the main chamber 21 and the subchamber 22, the communication path 23 which can move between both the chambers 21 and 22 is provided, and it can open and close in an airtight state by the communication path opening / closing door 23a. Further, the work room slab 13 between the main room 22 and the work room 15 is provided with an entrance 24 to the work room 15 and can be opened and closed in an airtight state by a work room opening / closing door 24a.

  The man shaft 25 is a steel cylindrical body, and an elevator 26 as an elevating device is provided therein, and worker entrances 25a and 25b are provided at the upper and lower portions, respectively. The lower entrance / exit 25b of the man shaft 25 is disposed in the sub chamber 21 of the man lock 20 and is configured to be able to enter / exit the man lock 20 on the work chamber slab 13 from the entrance 25b of the man shaft 25. Further, a man shaft opening / closing door 25c that can be opened and closed in an airtight state is provided at the entrance / exit 25b, so that the inside can be maintained at atmospheric pressure regardless of the pressure in the manlock 20.

  Each of the sub chamber 21, main chamber 22, and work chamber 15 requires the air pressure inside each chamber 21, 22, 15 in the work chamber 15 for the purpose of suppressing leakage of groundwater during excavation from the atmospheric pressure. The air pressure adjusting means 31 capable of increasing / decreasing pressure to a certain atmospheric pressure is provided.

  Further, the sub chamber 21 and the main chamber 22 are respectively equipped with breathing gas supply means 32 for supplying breathing gas for an operator to breathe as necessary.

  The air pressure adjusting means 31 supplies the compressed air from the compressor 34 installed on the ground, the compressed air tank 35 in which the compressed air from the compressor 34 is stored, and the chambers 21, 22, and 15 from the compressed air tank 35. And a supply port 37 for supplying the compressed air from the compressed air passage 36 to each of the sub chamber 21 and the main chamber 22. The sub chamber 21 and the main chamber 22 are provided with an exhaust port 38 for exhausting the internal gas, and the gas in each of the chambers 21 and 22 is supplied from the exhaust port 38 through the exhaust passage 39. -It is comprised so that discharge is possible via the ventilation adjustment equipment 40.

  The breathing gas supply means 32 includes a mixed gas system 32a for supplying a mixed gas composed of helium, nitrogen and oxygen, a mixed gas composed of helium and oxygen, or another mixed gas, and a high oxygen concentration having a higher oxygen concentration than the atmosphere. It consists of a high oxygen partial pressure gas system 32b for supplying a partial pressure gas.

  The mixed gas system 32a includes a mixed gas reservoir 41 that stores a mixed gas composed of helium, nitrogen, and oxygen provided on the ground, and a first decompressor 42 that decompresses the mixed gas from the reservoir 41. A central control unit 45 having a second decompression device for adjusting the supply amount of the breathing gas and the like, and a buffer tank for storing the mixed gas controlled and controlled by the central control unit 45 The mixed gas storage tank 46, the mixed gas supply path 47 for supplying the mixed gas from the mixed gas storage tank 46 to the sub chamber 21, the main chamber 22, and the work chamber 15, and the mixed gas in each of the chambers 21, 22, 15. In order to breathe, a plurality of mixed gas breathing portions 48 provided by branching from the mixed gas supply path 47 are provided.

  The high oxygen partial pressure gas system 32b includes a high oxygen partial pressure gas storage 51 that stores a high oxygen partial pressure gas provided on the ground, and a central controller that depressurizes the high oxygen partial pressure gas from the storage 51. High oxygen partial pressure gas storage as a buffer tank for storing high oxygen partial pressure gas regulated and controlled by a central controller 45 having a first pressure reduction device 52 and a second pressure reduction device A high oxygen partial pressure gas supply passage 57 for supplying a high oxygen partial pressure gas from the tank 56, the high oxygen partial pressure gas storage tank 56 to the sub chamber 21 and the main chamber 22, and a high oxygen partial pressure in each chamber 21, 22. In order to breathe gas, it has a plurality of high oxygen partial pressure gas breathing portions 58 that are branched from the mixed gas supply path 47.

  In such a breathing gas supply means 32, in order to ensure that the operator can breathe the mixed gas and the high oxygen partial pressure gas, each part can be operated by a preset timer, and the central control is performed. The unit 45 includes a backup system and is configured to issue an alarm when an abnormality occurs.

  Further, in the mixed gas system 32a and the high oxygen partial pressure gas system 32b, the mixed gas breathing section 48 and the high oxygen partial pressure gas breathing section 58 are provided with respiration monitoring monitors 49 and 59, respectively. The respiration monitoring monitors 49 and 59 are configured to detect the use status of the mixed gas or the high oxygen partial pressure gas, respectively.

  The use status of the mixed gas and high oxygen partial pressure gas detected by the respiratory monitoring monitors 49 and 59 and the data detected by the pressure change detection devices 22a and 21a of the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21 are, for example, When it is transmitted to the backup system of the central control unit 45 and is different from a preset decompression table or the like, it is notified to a control room member or the like by an alarm (not shown), sound, warning light or the like provided as an abnormality notification means. It is like that.

  Further, in the mixed gas system 32a and the high oxygen partial pressure gas system 32b, by providing the mixed gas storage tank 46 and the high oxygen partial pressure gas storage tank 56, respectively, the number of workers increases, so Even when the consumption of pressurized gas increases, the supply amount is unlikely to be insufficient.

  The pneumatic caisson 10 having such a configuration is constructed as follows.

  First, the working chamber slab 13 and the blade edge 14 are constructed of concrete or a steel shell to form the working chamber 15. At this time, an entrance / exit 24 to the work chamber 15 is formed at a predetermined position of the work chamber slab 13.

  Next, the caisson housing 12, the partition wall 19, and the upper slab 16 are constructed of concrete. At this time, by adjusting the position of the partition wall 19, the sub chamber 21 and the main chamber 22 of the manlock 20 can be set according to the number of people used, the shape, and the like. The partition wall 19 is provided with a communication passage 23, and the upper slab 16 is provided with a through hole 16 a for arranging the man shaft 25, various pipes, wiring, measuring instruments, and the like.

  Then, after installing the man shaft opening / closing doors 25c, 24a, 23a and the like such as the man shaft 25, the entrance / exit 24 and the communication passage 23, the man shaft 25 can be set down.

  In order to perform deep excavation using the pneumatic caisson 10 constructed in this way, the atmospheric pressure in the work chamber 15 is supplied by compressed air supplied from the compressor 34 via the compressed air passage 36 into the work chamber 15. Is set to a pressure corresponding to the depth, and excavation is performed using the excavator 18 in the work chamber 15. At this time, the inside of the work room 15 is performed in an unattended state.

  Further, during excavation, the generated earth and sand are carried out using a material shaft provided from the work chamber 15 to the ground side through a main slab 22 or a work slab not provided with a main chamber or a sub chamber or a recovery lock. Yes.

  When excavation is performed, if an operator needs to enter or leave the work room 15 for various reasons, the following is performed. In this pneumatic caisson 10, one worker can enter and leave the work room 15, but here, a case where a large number of workers enter and leave the work room 15 at the same time will be described.

  First, the operator enters an entrance / exit 25 a provided at the upper part of the man shaft 25 and descends by the elevator 26. The inside of the man shaft 25 is at atmospheric pressure. When reaching the entrance / exit 25b provided at the lower part, the man shaft opening / closing door 25c is opened from the entrance / exit 25b and moved laterally, and enters the sub chamber 21 of the manlock 20, for example. At this time, the sub chamber 21 and the main chamber 22 are set to atmospheric pressure.

  After an operator enters the sub chamber 21, the inlet / outlet 25 b of the man shaft 25 is closed in an airtight state, and the communication passage opening / closing door 23 a of the communication passage 23 between the sub chamber 21 and the main chamber 22 is opened. After moving to the chamber 22, the main chamber 22 is closed.

  In this state, a process for adapting to changes in the atmospheric pressure of the worker for entering the work room 15 is performed. Here, compressed air is gradually introduced from the pressure adjusting means 31 to gradually increase the pressure in the main chamber 22. At this time, pressurization can be performed by manipulating in the manlock or in the central control unit. At that time, each worker adapts to the increase in the atmospheric pressure in the main chamber 22 while breathing the mixed gas from the mixed gas breathing section 48 at a certain pressure or higher. Changes in atmospheric pressure in these work chambers and the usage status of the mixed gas are monitored by the backup system of the central control unit 45 as described above. Then, the process ends when the atmospheric pressure in the main chamber 22 reaches the atmospheric pressure in the work chamber 15 and each worker can fully adapt to the atmospheric pressure in the work chamber 15.

  Next, it is possible to enter the work chamber 15 from the entrance / exit 24 with the work chamber opening / closing door 24a of the entrance / exit 24 of the work chamber slab 13 between the main chamber 22 and the work chamber 15 opened.

  During the process of adapting the worker to changes in atmospheric pressure, if there are many workers in the main chamber 22 or the sub chamber 21, etc., the component ratio in the air is likely to fluctuate. By linking the compressor 34 of 31 and the ground pressure adjusting / ventilating / adjusting equipment 40, compressed air is supplied from the compressed air passage 39 and the supply port 38, and internal air is exhausted from the exhaust port 38a and the exhaust passage 39a. By doing so, the internal pressure can be adjusted and at the same time the air component ratio can be kept constant.

  Next, after the worker finishes a predetermined work in the work chamber 15, in order to adapt the high pressure environment to the atmospheric pressure environment, a process of adapting the worker to the atmospheric pressure change is performed again.

  First, an operator passes from the work chamber 15 through the entrance / exit 24 of the work chamber slab 13 and enters the main chamber 22 of the manlock 20 that is at the atmospheric pressure of the work chamber 15 to close the hatch 24 in an airtight state. The chamber 22 is sealed.

  In this state, the atmospheric pressure in the main chamber 22 is gradually reduced from the exhaust port 38 of the atmospheric pressure adjusting means 31. At this time, pressure reduction can be performed by an operation from a central monitoring room (not shown) based on a pressure reduction timetable set from the work pressure and work time. At that time, each worker breathes the mixed gas from the mixed gas breathing section 48 to a constant pressure, and locks with a high oxygen partial pressure gas from the constant pressure, for example, 0.12 Mpa to the high oxygen partial pressure gas breathing section 58. While the inside air is alternately breathed, it is adapted to the decrease in the atmospheric pressure in the main chamber 22. These atmospheric pressure changes in the working chamber and the mixed gas atmospheric pressure changes are monitored by the backup system of the central control unit 45 as described above. Then, the process is terminated when the atmospheric pressure in the main room 22 is reduced to the atmospheric pressure and each worker can fully adapt to the atmospheric environment.

  Thereafter, the communication passage opening / closing door 23a is opened and moved to the sub chamber 21 to open the entrance / exit 25b of the man shaft 25. The man shaft 25 is lifted to the ground by an elevator in the man shaft 25 under atmospheric pressure, and the atmospheric pressure is reduced from the entrance 25a to the atmospheric pressure. It is possible to go to the ground.

  According to the pneumatic caisson 10 as described above, the manlock 20 composed of the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21 is provided on the work chamber slab 13, and the entrance / exit 25 b of the man shaft 25 can enter and exit the manlock 20. Arranged and equipped with the pressure adjusting means 31 capable of increasing or decreasing the pressure inside the manlock 20 from the atmospheric pressure to the pressure inside the work chamber 15, the process for adapting the worker to the pressure change is performed in the work room slab. 13 in the manlock 20 above. In addition, it is possible to use the ground pressure adjustment and arousal adjustment equipment 40. For this reason, there is no need for pressure increase / decrease in the man shaft 25, and there is no need for a complicated structure such as a pressure-resistant structure. Moreover, since the manlock 20 can be formed with the same material and method as the work chamber slab 13, it can be easily and inexpensively constructed.

  Moreover, since there is no manlock 20 in the man shaft 25, the elevator 26 can be lowered onto the work chamber slab 13, and when moving into and out of the work chamber 15, the amount of momentum that moves up and down in a high-pressure environment is reduced. This can reduce the physical burden on the worker.

  Furthermore, since the manlock 20 can be formed by using the wide upper surface of the work chamber slab 13, the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21 can be formed large, and a large number of workers can enter the room at the same time. It can be well adapted to changes in atmospheric pressure and can also reduce the psychological burden on the operator.

  Moreover, in the mixed gas system 32a and the high oxygen partial pressure gas system 32b of the breathing gas supply means 32, the mixed gas storage tank 46 for storing the mixed gas regulated by the central control unit 45, the regulated high pressure A high oxygen partial pressure gas storage tank 56 for storing oxygen partial pressure gas is provided, and a large amount of these gases are stored in a state where the worker can breathe. For this reason, a large number of workers enter the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21, and at the same time, a process for adapting to the atmospheric pressure and the atmospheric pressure of the working chamber 15 allows the mixed gas and the high oxygen partial pressure gas to be used in the middle. Even if it exceeds the generation amount from the control unit 45, each gas stored in the storage tanks 46 and 56 is supplied, and the supply amount of the mixed gas or the high oxygen partial pressure gas can be secured.

  Therefore, such a pneumatic caisson 10 can easily and inexpensively manufacture the manlock 20 such as the larger main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21 and can make a large number of workers It becomes easy to perform the process adapted to the atmospheric pressure.

  Furthermore, a respiration monitoring monitor 49 capable of detecting the use status of the mixed gas or high oxygen partial pressure gas regulated by the central control unit 45 in the mixed gas system 32a or high oxygen partial pressure gas system 32b of the breathing gas supply means 32. 59, and detection devices 22a and 21a for detecting pressure changes in the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21 are provided, so that when an abnormality is detected, an abnormality notification means such as an alarm, a sound, a warning light, etc. can be notified. Therefore, it is possible to confirm from the outside that the process of adapting to the atmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure of the work room 15 is not normally performed, and to prevent the operator from suffering high atmospheric pressure, etc. Easy to secure.

  In addition, since the breathing portions 48 and 58 of the breathing gas supply means 32 are provided in the manlock 20, when performing processing for adapting the worker to changes in the atmospheric pressure, the worker separates the mixed gas and the high gas from the compressed air. A breathing gas composed of oxygen partial pressure gas can be breathed. Therefore, it is easy to prevent high-pressure failure.

  Furthermore, the internal pressure of the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21 can be adjusted separately, and a communication passage 23 a that can move in the lateral direction is disposed between the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21. Compared with the manlock provided in the conventional man shaft which has the main chamber and sub chamber which are arrange | positioned in, the momentum which moves up and down in a high pressure environment can be decreased more.

  Further, since the manlock 20 can be formed simply by forming the partition wall 19 between the working chamber slab 13 and the upper slab 16 of the pneumatic caisson 10 having a double slab structure, the manlock provided on the conventional manshaft can be formed. In addition to being able to be formed more easily, the width of the manlock 20 can be arbitrarily set by simply adjusting the position of the partition wall 19, and the wide manlock 20 can be easily constructed.

  In the first embodiment, the manlock 20 composed of the main chamber 22 and the sub chamber 21 has been described. However, the manlock 20 is between the manlock 20 and the manshaft 25 and between the manlock 20 and the work chamber 15. If the structure can be opened and closed in an airtight state, the number of rooms that can be pressurized or depressurized can be selected as appropriate.

In the above description, the process for adapting the worker to the change in atmospheric pressure is performed using only the main chamber 22, but it is also possible to perform the processing in the sub chamber 21.
[Embodiment 2]

  3 and 4 show the pneumatic caisson of the second embodiment.

  This pneumatic caisson 60 is different from the first embodiment in that it has a recovery chamber for an excavator.

  Here, a large number of compartments 65 are formed by providing a partition wall 64 in the space between the work chamber slab 62 and the upper slab 63 provided in the lower part, and some of the compartments 65 are implemented. A main chamber 68 and a sub chamber 67 are provided as manlocks 66 having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment. In this pneumatic caisson 60, the entrance / exit 69b of the man shaft 69 is arranged in the sub chamber 67, but the entrance / exit 71 of the work chamber 61 is provided in the main chamber 68 adjacent to the sub chamber 67 so as to be openable and closable. ing. The partition walls 64 between the main chamber 68 and the sub chamber 67 and between the main chamber 68 and the partition chamber 65a are respectively provided with communication passages 70 that can be opened and closed in an airtight manner. It is configured so that the worker can move in the horizontal direction up to the entrance / exit 71a of the work chamber 61. Although the main chamber 68 and the sub chamber 67 are respectively provided with the same atmospheric pressure adjusting means and breathing gas supply means as in the first embodiment, detailed illustration is omitted.

  In addition, another part of the multiple compartments 65 is a collection chamber 77 provided with a crane 76 as a collection means for the excavator 75. The working chamber slab 62 of the recovery chamber 77 is provided with an opening 78 through which the excavator 75 can pass, and can be opened and closed in an airtight state by a hatch 78a. Further, the partition wall 64 of the recovery chamber 77 is provided with a communication path 70 and a recovery chamber opening / closing door 70a capable of opening and closing the communication path 70 in an airtight manner. It can be moved in the direction. Further, the recovery chamber 77 is provided with the same atmospheric pressure adjusting means and breathing gas supply means as the sub chamber 67 and the main chamber 68, and the internal atmospheric pressure can be increased or decreased from the atmospheric pressure to the atmospheric pressure of the working chamber 61. It has become. In addition, the lower end of the material shaft 79 used for carrying in and carrying out the apparatus may be connected to the collection chamber 77.

  Further, in another compartment 65b, a material shaft 79 for carrying excavated earth and sand from the work chamber 61 to the ground is disposed, and in this pneumatic caisson 60, there are many other compartments 65. In order to allow the operator to enter and exit, a number of partition walls 64 are provided with communication paths.

  Such a pneumatic caisson 60 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and can similarly perform a process for adapting to a change in atmospheric pressure when the worker enters and leaves the work room 61. The same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  Moreover, a recovery chamber 77 having a crane 76 for recovering the excavator 75 and an atmospheric pressure adjusting means is provided above the work chamber slab 62, and the recovery chamber is opened and closed between the recovery chamber 77 and the sub-chamber 67 of the manlock. Since the communication passage 70 having the door 70a is arranged, when the inspection, repair, assembly, disassembly, and recovery work of the excavator 75 are performed in the recovery chamber 77, the sub chamber 67 is brought to atmospheric pressure, and the excavator 75 is If the crane 76 collects and the hatch 78a is closed and the collection chamber 77 is adjusted to the atmospheric pressure, the operator can perform operations such as collection without being exposed to a high pressure environment.

  For this reason, the sub chamber 67 can be used for processing adapted to changes in atmospheric pressure when entering and exiting the work chamber 61, and at the same time, the sub chamber 67 enters the recovery chamber 77 when performing inspection, repair, assembly, dismantling and recovery work, etc. of the excavator 75. It can also be used for leaving the room, and the manlock can be used efficiently and is convenient.

  In the second embodiment, the manlock 66 and the recovery chamber 77 are separately provided and communicated with each other through the communication passage 70. For example, the recovery equipment such as the crane 76 of the excavator 75 and the hatch 78a is provided in the main chamber 68. It is also possible to use part of the manlock 66 as the collection chamber 77 by providing the

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pneumatic caisson of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which follows the AA line of FIG. 1 of the pneumatic caisson of the first embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pneumatic caisson of Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which follows the BB line of FIG. 3 of the pneumatic caisson of the said Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional pneumatic caisson.

Explanation of symbols

10, 60, 80 Pneumatic caisson 13, 62, 82 Work chamber slab 15, 61, 84 Work chamber 18, 75, Excavator 19, 64 Bulkhead 20, 66 Manlock 21, 67, 94 Sub chamber 22, 68, 95 Main chamber 23, 70 Communication passage 25, 69 Man shaft 25a, 25b, 69a, 69b Man shaft entrance 31 Atmospheric pressure adjustment means 32 Respiratory gas supply means 32a Mixed gas system 32b High oxygen partial pressure gas system 63 Upper slab 76 Crane ( Collection means)
77 Collection room

Claims (6)

A working chamber provided with an excavator and capable of excavating natural ground in a pressurized state is provided below the working chamber slab, and a manlock having a space that can be airtightly closed is provided above the working chamber slab. A man shaft provided with an elevator capable of moving up and down from the ground side to the work room slab is configured to be able to enter and exit from the man shaft entrance and exit into the man lock. There is provided a man shaft opening / closing door that can be opened and closed in a state, and a work chamber opening / closing door capable of entering and exiting between the man lock and the work chamber is provided, and the inside of the man lock is opened from the atmospheric pressure to the inside of the work chamber. A pneumatic case equipped with a pressure adjusting means capable of increasing / decreasing pressure up to atmospheric pressure and a breathing gas supply means for supplying a worker breathing gas into the manlock. A down,
The breathing gas supply means includes a control unit that adjusts the pressure of the worker breathing gas, and a buffer tank that stores the worker breathing gas regulated by the control unit, and the buffer tank The pneumatic caisson is characterized in that the worker breathing gas supplied from is configured to be breathable in the manlock. The breathing gas supply means comprises detection means for detecting a pressure change of the worker breathing gas regulated by the control unit, and an abnormality notification means for detecting and notifying an abnormality of the pressure change. The eumatic caisson according to claim 1. The manlock is airtightly divided into a main chamber having an entrance / exit of the working chamber and a sub chamber having an entrance / exit of the man shaft, and the pressure adjusting means and the breathing unit are respectively provided in the main chamber and the sub chamber. Gas supply means is provided, and a communication passage in the horizontal direction and a communication passage opening / closing door capable of opening and closing the communication passage in an airtight state are disposed between the main chamber and the sub chamber. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 1 or 2. It has a double slab structure provided with an upper slab above the working chamber slab, and the manlock is formed by providing a partition wall between the working chamber slab and the upper slab. The pneumatic caisson according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A recovery chamber having recovery means for the excavator is provided above the work chamber slab, and an opening that allows the excavator to pass between the recovery chamber and the work chamber and that can be opened and closed in an airtight state. A recovery chamber pressure adjusting means capable of increasing or decreasing the pressure inside the recovery chamber from the pressure inside the working chamber to the atmospheric pressure,
5. A recovery chamber communication passage and a recovery chamber opening / closing door capable of opening and closing the recovery chamber communication passage in an airtight state are disposed between the manlock and the recovery chamber. The pneumatic caisson according to any one of the above. 6. An exhaust unit is provided in the manlock, and the oxygen concentration of the gas in the manlock can be adjusted to be constant by the exhaust unit and the atmospheric pressure adjusting unit. Pneumatic caisson described in 1.

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