JP2005075042A - Friction relaxation material, its storage device and friction relaxation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a friction relaxation material, its storage device and a friction relaxation device capable of relaxing friction resistance between a rail and a wheel by an inexpensive material and stabilizing quality. <P>SOLUTION: The storage device 9 stores the friction relaxation material C<SB>1</SB>containing a carbon based material as a main component and the storage device 10 stores a thickener C<SB>2</SB>comprising a ceramic particle for increasing friction coefficient. When the vehicle passes through a sharp curved line, the friction relaxation material C<SB>1</SB>flows from a conduit 11a to a conduit 14 with compression gas and is injected from an injection port 15. As a result, friction resistance between a head apex surface 1c of the rail 1a and a step surface 4c of the wheel 4a is relaxed and lateral pressure generated between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a is reduced. The fine powder of the friction relaxation material C<SB>1</SB>having a particle diameter smaller than a predetermined value is passed through a mesh part in the storage device 9 and is dropped off to a lower side, and is removed from the friction relaxation material C<SB>1</SB>and is recovered in a lower storage part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a friction relaxation material that relieves frictional resistance between a rail and a wheel and a storage device thereof, and a friction relaxation device that relieves frictional resistance between a rail and a wheel.

  Railroad vehicles travel with a lateral pressure corresponding to the curve-passing performance when passing a sharp curve, and this lateral pressure causes squealing (frictional noise) of the inner and outer gauges of the curve, as well as the inner gauge. It will also cause wavy wear on the tread of the side rail. In order to reduce such excessive lateral pressure and wavy wear, a friction modifier that reduces the adhesive force between the wheel and the rail is applied to the top surface of the rail on the inner gauge side or the tread surface of the wheel. Conventional friction modifiers include solid lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide, friction modifiers such as calcium carbonate and magnesium silicate, and binders such as sodium montmorillonite in an aqueous medium (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ). Such conventional friction modifiers are liquid and quick-drying, and when they adhere to the top surface of the rail, they dry over time, reducing the lateral pressure generated when the following train passes this sharp curve. . Further, a conventional friction modifier injection device includes a tank that stores the friction modifier, an injection device that injects the friction modifier from the tank onto the top surface of the rail, a detection device that detects a sharp curve, and this detection. And a control device that operates the injection device based on the detection result of the device (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Such a conventional friction modifier injection device is installed in the rear vehicle of a train, and when the train passes a sharp curve, the friction modifier is applied from the rear vehicle of the train to the top of the rail on the inner rail side. Is sprayed.

Special Table 2001-501994 (page 14, line 3 to page 16, line 11)

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-151110 (paragraph numbers 0022 to 0030 and FIG. 2)

  Conventional friction modifiers are quick-drying liquids that contain solid lubricants in an aqueous medium, so it is necessary to wait for them to dry after being applied to the top surface of the rail. There was a problem that the coefficient of friction became too small due to water adhering to the top surface. In addition, the conventional friction modifier has a problem that the cost becomes high because expensive molybdenum disulfide is used as the solid lubricant.

  Since the conventional friction adjusting agent injection device injects a liquid friction adjusting agent that is fast-drying, there is a possibility that the inside of the injection nozzle may be clogged when the friction adjusting agent is dried in the injection nozzle. In addition, the conventional friction modifier injection device accommodates a relatively hard friction modifier in the tank, but if a relatively small friction modifier is accommodated in the tank, train vibration The friction modifier may rub against each other and break in the tank. As a result, the friction modifier may become powdery and may be clogged in the injection nozzle or the quality may vary.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a friction relaxation material that can relieve the frictional resistance between the rail and the wheel with an inexpensive material, and that can stabilize the quality, a storage device thereof, and a friction relaxation device. It is.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the solving means described below.
In addition, although the code | symbol corresponding to embodiment of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, it is not limited to this embodiment.
The invention of claim 1 is a friction moderating material that reduces the frictional resistance between the rail (1a) and the wheel (4a), wherein the substance that reduces the frictional resistance is mainly composed of a carbon-based material. It is a characteristic friction modifier (C ₁ ).

  A second aspect of the present invention is the friction modifier according to the first aspect, wherein the substance that reduces the frictional resistance includes iron oxide and / or graphite.

The invention of claim 3 is a friction relaxation material accommodation device for accommodating a friction relaxation material (C ₁ ) for relaxing the frictional resistance between the rail (1a) and the wheel (4a), wherein the particle size is a predetermined value. a small the friction reducing material of fines than (C ₃₎ removing means for eliminating the containment device of the friction-reducing material, characterized in that it comprises (9b) (9).

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the friction relaxation material accommodating device according to the third aspect, wherein an upper accommodation portion (9a) for accommodating the friction relaxation material and a lower accommodation portion (9c) for accommodating the fine powder. The exclusion means includes a mesh portion (9b) that is disposed between the upper accommodation portion and the lower accommodation portion and allows the fine powder to pass from the upper accommodation portion into the lower accommodation portion. It is the accommodation apparatus of the friction relaxation material characterized by the above-mentioned.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the friction relaxation material accommodation apparatus according to the third or fourth aspect, wherein the exclusion means is a fine powder (C ₁ ) of the friction relaxation material (C ₁ ) according to the first or second aspect. C ₃ ) is eliminated, and the friction relaxation material accommodation apparatus.

The invention of claim 6 is a friction device to relieve the frictional resistance between the rail (1a) and the wheel (4a), mitigating member for accommodating the friction member to relieve the frictional resistance (C ₁₎ An accommodation part (9), and a relaxation material delivery path (11a) for delivering the friction relaxation material from the relaxation material accommodation part in a dry state in order to supply the friction relaxation material between the rail and the wheel. It is a friction relaxation apparatus (5, 6) provided with.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the friction alleviating device according to the sixth aspect, the adhesive material accommodating portion (10) for accommodating the increased adhesive material (C ₂ ) for increasing the frictional resistance, the rail and the wheel. In order to supply the increased adhesive material in between, the adhesive material delivery path (11b) for delivering the increased adhesive material from the adhesive material accommodating portion and the relaxation material delivery path for opening the friction modifier are opened. Friction relaxation provided with a delivery path switching unit (13a, 13b) that closes the adhesive material delivery path and opens the increased adhesive delivery path to close the relaxation material delivery path when supplying the increased adhesive material. Device.

The invention according to claim 8 is the friction relaxation device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the relaxation material accommodating portion accommodates the friction relaxation material (C ₁ ) according to claim 1 or claim 2. Is a friction relaxation device.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention is the friction relaxation device according to the sixth or seventh aspect, wherein the relaxation material accommodating portion is the accommodation of the friction relaxation material according to any one of the third to fifth aspects. It is a friction relaxation apparatus provided with an apparatus (9).

  According to the present invention, the frictional resistance between the rail and the wheel can be relaxed with an inexpensive material, and the quality can be stabilized.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a state of wheels and rails when a vehicle including a friction relaxation device according to an embodiment of the present invention passes a sharp curve. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state of a wheel and a rail when a vehicle including the friction relaxation device according to the embodiment of the present invention passes a sharp curve, and FIG. It is a front view which shows a contact state with a wheel, FIG.2 (B) is a front view which shows the contact state of the rail and wheel on an outer gauge side. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the friction relaxation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  A track 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a passage (track) on which the vehicle 2 travels. The track 1 is composed of a pair of rails 1a and 1b for guiding the wheels 4a and 4b. The rail 1a has a steep curve and the rail 1b has a steep curve. As shown in FIG. 2, the rails 1a and 1b include a parietal surface (head upper surface) 1c that directly supports the wheel 2a, and an inner parietal surface 1d continuous with the parietal surface 1c. As shown in FIG. 3, the normal force W and the tangential force F act on the contact point S between the rails 1a, 1b and the wheels 4a, 4b, and the proportional coefficient of the tangential force F with respect to the vertical force W (tangential force coefficient (traction Coefficient)) F / W is the friction coefficient, and the maximum value of the friction coefficient is the adhesion coefficient.

  A vehicle 2 shown in FIG. 1 is a railway vehicle such as a train or a train. The vehicle 2 includes a vehicle body 3, a carriage 4, friction reducing devices 5, 6, a curve detection unit 16, a speed detection unit 17, an idle running detection unit 18, and a control device 19 shown in FIG. 3. Etc. The vehicle body 3 is a structure for loading and transporting passengers. The carriage 4 is a device that travels while supporting the vehicle body 3, and is a lower side that is rotatably connected to a pair of wheels 4 a and 4 b that are in rotational contact with the pair of rails 1 a and 1 b, respectively, and an upper center plate of the vehicle body 3. A heart plate 4e is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the wheels 4a and 4b are made of a tread surface 4c that contacts the top surface 1c of the rails 1a and 1b and receives frictional resistance, and a rail 1b on the outer gauge side when the railway vehicle passes a sharp curve. And a flange surface 4d that is in contact with the inner top surface 1d and receives frictional resistance.

Friction relieving devices 5 and 6 are devices that relieve the frictional resistance between the rails 1a and 1b and the wheels 4a and 4b. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 include a friction relaxation material (friction stabilizer) C between the rail 1 a on the inner track side and the wheel 4 a when the vehicle 2 passes a sharp curve. together to relax the frictional resistance therebetween by injecting _1, rails 1a, friction adjusting device to increase the frictional resistance therebetween by injecting increasing adhesive C ₂ between 1b and the wheel 4a, 4b Also works. Friction mitigating devices 5 and 6 are installed in front of the carriage 4 on the front side in the traveling direction of the leading vehicle 2 in correspondence with the wheels 4a and 4b, respectively. The friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 have the same structure, and the friction relaxation device 5 side for relaxing the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a will be described below. As shown in FIG. 3, the friction relaxation device 5 includes a gas injection unit 7, pipes 8a to 8c, storage devices 9 and 10, pipes 11a and 11b, pipes 12a and 12b, and a pinch valve 13a. , 13b, a pipe line 14, an injection port 15 and the like.

  The gas injection unit 7 is a device for injecting gas, and injects compressed gas such as compressed air into the pipe line 8a. The pipe lines 8a to 8c are rubber hose pipes for supplying compressed gas. The pipe line 8a is connected to the gas injection unit 7 on the upstream side and branched on the downstream side and connected to the pipe lines 8b and 8c, respectively. . The pipe line 8 b is a pipe that supplies compressed gas to the storage device 9, and the pipe line 8 c is a pipe that supplies compressed gas to the storage device 10.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a friction relaxation material accommodating device of the friction relaxation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The housing device 9 is a device that houses the friction relaxation material C ₁ that relaxes the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. The accommodating device 9 accommodates, for example, a friction relaxation material C ₁ whose main component is a carbon-based material. The accommodating device 9 includes an upper accommodating portion 9a, a mesh portion 9b, a lower accommodating portion 9c, a conduit 9d, an orifice 9e, an injection hole 9f, a suction conduit 9g shown in FIG. The electromagnetic valve 9h shown is provided.

The upper housing part 9a shown in FIG. 4 is a container for accommodating the friction member C _1, funnel-shaped mesh portion 9b is formed in the bottom portion of the upper housing portion 9a. Mesh portion 9b is a section for eliminating particle size fines C ₃ small friction material C ₁ than the predetermined value, the concave portion 9i protruding lower accommodating portion 9c side mesh portion 9b, the recess 9i And an inclined portion 9j inclined toward the surface. Mesh portion 9b is disposed between the upper housing portion 9a and a lower housing portion 9c, it is passed through a fines C ₃ lubricative material C ₁ to the lower housing portion 9c from the upper housing portion 9a eliminated. Number of stitches of the mesh portion 9b, when the friction member C ₁ is mainly composed of carbon-based material is preferably a particle size is the size that can pass through the following fines C ₃ 0.3 mm. Lower accommodating portion 9c is a container for housing the fine C ₃ lubricative material C _1, fines C ₃ to falling down through the mesh portion 9b of the friction member C ₁ in the upper housing portion 9a Receive and collect.

The pipe line 9d is a pipe through which the compressed gas flows through the lower housing part 9c and the concave part 9i. The upstream side is connected to the pipe line 8b and the downstream side is connected to the pipe line 11a. An orifice 9e and an injection hole 9f are formed in the pipe line 9d. The orifice 9e is a through hole through which the compressed gas flowing in the conduit 9d is ejected from the upstream side toward the downstream side, and creates a pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side. The injection hole 9f is a through hole through which a part of the compressed gas flowing in the pipe line 9d is jetted into the upper accommodating portion 9a, and is formed on the downstream side (high pressure side) of the orifice 9e of the pipe line 9d. Suction conduit 9g is a pipe by suction friction reducing material C ₁ in the upper housing section 9a is discharged to the pipe 9d. The suction pipe 9g has one end opened in the upper housing part 9a, and the other end connected to the pipe 9d on the downstream side of the injection hole 9f. An electromagnetic valve 9h shown in FIG. 3 is an on-off valve that opens and closes the conduit 9d, and is installed on the upstream side of the orifice 9e. The solenoid valve 9h opens and closes the conduit 9d based on an open / close signal output from the control device 19.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the increased pressure-sensitive adhesive accommodating device of the friction relaxation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The accommodation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 5 is an apparatus that accommodates the increased adhesive C ₂ that increases the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. The accommodating device 10 accommodates, for example, a thick adhesive C ₂ made of ceramic particles or silica sand having a function of increasing a friction coefficient (adhesion coefficient). The storage device 10 has a structure similar to that of the storage device 9 shown in FIG. 4, and portions corresponding to the storage device 9 side as shown in FIG. . Accommodating portion 10a shown in FIG. 5 is a container for accommodating the increased adhesive C _2. The pipe line 10d is a pipe through which the compressed gas flows through the accommodating portion 10a. The upstream side of the pipe line 10d is connected to the pipe line 8c, and the downstream side of the pipe line 10d is connected to the pipe line 11b. . The injection hole 10f is a through hole through which a part of the compressed gas flowing in the pipe line 10d is jetted into the housing portion 10a. The electromagnetic valve 10h is an on-off valve that opens and closes the pipe line 10d, and is installed on the upstream side of the orifice 10e. The electromagnetic valve 10h opens and closes the pipe line 10d based on an open / close signal output from the control device 19. When one of the solenoid valves 9h and 10h is open, the other is closed.

The pipe line 11a shown in FIG. 3 is a rubber hose pipe that sends out the friction relaxation material C ₁ from the housing device 9 in order to supply the friction relaxation material C ₁ between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. Conduit 11a is the downstream side is connected to the conduit 14 merges with the conduit 11b, a pipe made of rubber hose for delivering friction reducing material C ₁ together with the compressed gas. Conduit 11b, to supply the increased adhesive C ₂ between the rails 1a and the wheels 4a, a piping for sending the increased adhesive C ₂ from the receiving apparatus 10. Conduit 11b is downstream is connected to the conduit 14 merges with the pipe 11a, and supplies the multiplication adhesive C ₂ together with the compressed gas. The pipe line 12a is a pipe line that applies the pressure of the compressed gas flowing through the pipe line 9d to the pinch valve 13b when the electromagnetic valve 9h opens the pipe line 9d. This is a pipeline that applies the pressure of the compressed gas flowing in the pipeline 10d to the pinch valve 13a when the valve is opened.

Pinch valve 13a, 13b is a pipe 11a to open the conduit 11b when the conduit 11b closes and opens a pipe 11a, to supply the increased adhesive C ₂ when supplying friction material C ₁ It is an on-off valve that closes. The pinch valve 13a opens and closes the pipe line 11a, and the pinch valve 13b opens and closes the pipe line 11b. The pinch valves 13a and 13b close the pipes 11a and 11b made of rubber hose having flexibility according to the pressure of the compressed gas in the pipes 12a and 12b. When the solenoid valves 9h and 10h open the conduits 9d and 10d, the pinch valves 13a and 13b increase the tightening force for tightening the conduits 11a and 11b because the pressure in the conduits 12a and 12b increases, and the conduit 11a , 11b. On the other hand, when the solenoid valves 9h and 10h close the pipes 9d and 10d, the pinch valves 13a and 13b have a low pressure in the pipes 12a and 12b, so that the tightening force for fastening the pipes 11a and 11b is reduced. The pipes 11a and 11b are opened by the elastic force of the rubber hose. The pipe line 14 is a rubber hose pipe that injects the friction relaxation material C ₁ or the increased adhesion material C ₂ together with the compressed gas. Injection port 15 is a jet nozzle for jetting a friction reducing material C ₁ or increasing adhesive C ₂ between the rails 1a and the wheel 4a, the friction reducing material C ₁ or toward just before the tread 4c of the contact point S injecting the increasing adhesive C _2.

  The curve detection unit 16 is a device that detects a curve through which the vehicle 2 passes. The curve detection unit 16 detects, for example, a ground-side tag that stores travel point information by the vehicle upper side detection unit, detects a sharp curve and its direction based on the travel distance of the vehicle 2 and the travel point information, As shown in FIG. 1, a steep curve and its direction are detected by detecting a rotation angle θ at which the carriage 4 rotates about the lower center dish 4e by a proximity switch or an acceleration sensor. The speed detection unit 17 is a device that detects the speed of the vehicle 2 and is a speed generator that detects the speed of the vehicle 2 based on a pulse signal generated by the rotation of the wheels 4a and 4b. The idling / sliding detection unit 18 is a device that detects idling and gliding of the vehicle 2. For example, based on the detection result of the speed detection unit 17, the idling / sliding detection unit 18 causes the wheels 4 a and 4 b to slide on the rails 1 a and 1 b during power running (drive), and the wheels 4 a and 4 b during braking 4b detects the sliding of the wheels 4a and 4b sliding on the rails 1a and 1b.

The control device 19 is a device that controls the friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 based on the detection results of the curve detection unit 16, the speed detection unit 17, and the idling / sliding detection unit 18. When the control device 19 determines that the rotation angle θ exceeds the predetermined angle based on the detection result of the curve detection unit 16 and the vehicle 2 passes through the sharp curve in either the left or right direction, the control device 19 turns the gas injection unit 7 on. The electromagnetic valves 9h and 10h are opened and closed while operating. For example, when the vehicle 2 is in the range of 5 to 60 km / h, the control device 19 operates the friction relaxation device 5 to inject the friction relaxation material C ₁ regardless of the curve radius. When exceeding / h, the friction alleviating device 5 is not operated regardless of the curve radius. The control device 19 operates the gas injection unit 7 and opens / closes the electromagnetic valves 9h and 10h based on the detection result of the curve detection unit 16 and the detection result of the idling / sliding detection unit 18.

Next, the friction relaxation material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Friction material C ₁ shown in FIG. 4 is a material to relax the frictional resistance between the rails 1a and the wheels 4a, acts as a friction stabilizer material to reduce the coefficient of friction within a substantially constant range. The friction modifier C ₁ is mainly composed of a carbon-based material as a substance for reducing frictional resistance, and preferably contains iron oxide (magnetite) and / or graphite (graphite) in addition to the carbon-based material. For the friction modifier C ₁ , for example, carbon (carbon) is used as a main raw material, such as a pantograph carbon-based sliding plate attached to a sliding portion with a trolley wire or activated carbon used for a deodorizing agent. You can reuse what you do.

Next, the operation of the friction relaxation device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
(When passing a sharp curve)
Below, as shown in FIG. 1, the case where the vehicle 2 passes the sharp curve of the left direction is mentioned as an example, and is demonstrated. When the curve detection unit 16 detects the steep curve and its direction, the control device 19 operates the friction relaxation device 5 based on the detection result of the curve detection unit 16. When the control device 19 shown in FIG. 3 operates the gas injection unit 7, the gas injection unit 7 supplies the compressed gas to the pipe line 8a, and the control device 19 opens the electromagnetic valve 9h and closes the electromagnetic valve 10h. As a result, the compressed gas flows into the pipe line 8b from the pipe line 8a, and the compressed gas flows into the pipe line 9d shown in FIG. 4 and passes through the orifice 9e. When the high-pressure compressed gas that has passed through the orifice 9e flows through the conduit 9d, the suction conduit 9g that opens in the upper accommodating portion 9a is connected to the conduit 9d, and therefore the inside of the upper accommodating portion 9a is negative. Become. At the same time, since the high-pressure compressed gas which has passed through the orifice 9e flows into the upper housing portion 9a from the injection hole 9f, the friction reducing material C ₁ in the upper housing portion 9a is sucked from the suction channel 9 g, Fig together with the compressed gas It flows into the pipe line 11a shown in FIG.

Since the electromagnetic valve 9h opens the pipe 9d, the pressure in the compressed gas is received and the pressure inside the pipe 12a becomes high, and the pinch valve 13b closes the pipe 11b. On the other hand, since the electromagnetic valve 10h closes the pipe line 10d, the pressure by the compressed gas is not applied to the pipe line 12b, and the pinch valve 13a opens the pipe line 11a. As a result, the friction modifier C ₁ flows into the pipe 14 from the pipe 11 a together with the compressed gas and is jetted from the jet port 15. The friction-reducing material C ₁ from the injection port 15 is injected, the contact points are tread 4c friction reducing material C ₁ is injected immediately before the S, friction between the rails 1a and the wheel 4a of the inner rail side of the steep curve Material C ₁ is stepped on. Therefore, the frictional resistance between the top surface 1c of the rail 1a and the tread surface 4c of the wheel 4a shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (A) is alleviated, and the lateral pressure Q generated between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a is reduced. Is reduced. As a result, the frictional resistance between the inner top surface 1d of the rail 1b and the flange surface 4d of the wheel 4b shown in FIG. 2 (B) is reduced, and these wears are prevented. Since the friction member C ₁ which is squished between the rails 1a and the wheel 4a can be expected to remain in these relaxation effect of frictional resistance is somewhat persistent.

(Operation of friction relaxation material storage device)
When the friction modifier C ₁ is mainly composed of a carbon-based material, the friction modifier C ₁ rubs in the upper housing portion 9a shown in FIG. ₃ occurs. Since the number of stitches of the mesh portion 9b is set to a predetermined size, the friction reducing material C ₁ particle larger particle size than the predetermined value in the upper housing portion 9a can not pass through the mesh portion 9b Remains. On the other hand, fine powder C ₃ of the smaller particle size friction material C ₁ than the predetermined value will fall in the lower housing portion 9c passes through the mesh portion 9b, the lower housing part is removed from the upper housing portion 9a It is recovered in 9c.

(During idling)
When the idling / sliding detection unit 18 shown in FIG. 3 detects idling or sliding, the control device 19 operates the gas injection unit 7 so that the gas injection unit 7 supplies the compressed gas to the pipe line 8a, and the control device 19 performs electromagnetic operation. The valve 9h is closed and the electromagnetic valve 10h is opened. As a result, the compressed gas passes from the pipe line 8a through the pipe line 8c, flows into the pipe line 10d shown in FIG. 5, and passes through the orifice 10e. When the high pressure of the compressed gas which has passed through the orifice 10e flows into the housing portion 10a from the injection holes 10f, increasing adhesive C ₂ of the housing portion 10a is sucked from the suction channel 10 g, conduit shown in FIG. 3 with the compressed gas 11b.

Since the solenoid valve 9h closes the conduit 9d, the pinch valve 13b opens the conduit 11b, and since the solenoid valve 10h opens the conduit 10d, the pinch valve 13a closes the conduit 11a. For this reason, the increased adhesive material C ₂ flows into the pipeline 14 from the conduit 11b together with the compressed gas, and the increased adhesive material C ₂ is injected from the injection port 15 onto the tread 4c immediately before the contact point S, and the rail 1a and the wheel. The thick adhesive C ₂ is stepped on between 4a. As a result, the frictional resistance between the top surface 1c of the rail 1a and the tread surface 4c of the wheel 4a shown in FIG. 2 is increased, and idling or sliding which is a macroscopic slip generated between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. Is prevented.

The friction modifier according to the embodiment of the present invention has the effects described below.
(1) In this embodiment, the substance that relieves the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a has a carbon-based material as a main component. As a result, since it is not necessary to use expensive molybdenum disulfide or the like as a friction modifier as in the conventional friction modifier, the friction resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a can be reduced by an inexpensive material. . In addition, since the used carbon-based sliding plate, activated carbon, or the like can be reused as the friction modifier C ₁ , the cost can be reduced.

(2) In this embodiment, it is preferable that the substance that reduces frictional resistance includes iron oxide and / or graphite. For this reason, the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a can be reduced by the carbon-based material, and the friction coefficient between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a can be stabilized by iron oxide and / or graphite. it can.

The accommodation apparatus for friction modifiers according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) In this embodiment, the mesh portion 9b of the housing 9 with the size eliminates fines C ₃ small friction material C ₁ than the predetermined value is provided. For this reason, when the friction relaxation material C ₁ rubs against each other due to the vibration of the vehicle 2 and the corners are worn and fine powder C ₃ is generated, the fine powder C ₃ can be eliminated. As a result, the quality of the friction modifier C ₁ can be stabilized, and the fine powder C ₃ can be prevented from being clogged in the pipes 11 a and 14 and the injection port 15 as much as possible.

(2) In this embodiment, the upper housing portion 9a for accommodating the friction member C _1, between the lower housing portion 9c which houses the fines C _3, the lower housing portion 9c from the upper housing portion 9a It passed through a fines C ₃ to comprise a mesh portion 9b to eliminate. As a result, the particles of the friction relaxation material C _{1 having} a particle size larger than a predetermined value are left in the upper housing portion 9a, and the fine powder C ₃ having a particle size smaller than the predetermined value is dropped into the lower housing portion 9c. Can be discharged.

The friction alleviating apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) In this embodiment, the accommodation device 9 accommodates the friction relaxation material C ₁ for reducing the frictional resistance, and the friction from the accommodation device 9 to supply the friction relaxation material C ₁ between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. The relaxation material C ₁ is sent out by the pipe line 11a in a dry state. As a result, unlike the case of injecting a quick-drying and liquid friction modifier as in the conventional friction modifier injection device, since the friction modifier C ₁ is supplied in a dry state, the pipes 11a, 14 and the injection The clogging of the friction modifier C ₁ at the mouth 15 can be prevented. Further, unlike the conventional friction modifier injection device, since the dry friction modifier C ₁ is supplied, there is no need to wait until the rail 1a is applied to the top surface 1c of the rail 1a until it dries. Instead, the effect of friction relaxation can be obtained from the train injecting the friction relaxation material C ₁ .

(2) In this embodiment, the accommodation device 10 accommodates the increased adhesion material C ₂ that increases the frictional resistance, and is increased from the accommodation device 10 to supply the increased adhesion material C ₂ between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. an adhesive material C ₂ pipe 11b is sent. As a result, the frictional resistance between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a can be increased to prevent idling and sliding as much as possible. Further, the pinch valve 13b when in this embodiment, when supplying the friction modifying material C ₁ pinch valve 13b closes the conduit 11b pinch valve 13a is open the conduit 11a, to supply the increased adhesive C ₂ Opens the pipe 11b and the pinch valve 13a closes the pipe 11a. As a result, it is possible to switch between the use of the friction relaxation material C _{1 and} the use of the increased pressure-sensitive adhesive material C ₂ according to the traveling state of the vehicle 2.

  Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

  Table 1 is a table showing the properties and application amounts of the lubricants of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. In Example 1, a solid lubricant or the like is dispersed in a low-volatile solvent. The appearance is the same as that of grease, and an inexpensive carbon-based material is a lubricating component. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are both grease-like, but Comparative Example 1 is a domestic product, and Comparative Example 2 is an overseas product considering environmental conservation. Comparative Example 3 is an imported product in which a solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide is dispersed in a volatile solvent, and the appearance is the same as that of grease. Example 1 is characterized in that it can be used immediately after coating and the solvent gradually evaporates and solidifies. However, Comparative Example 3 is used in principle after the solvent is completely evaporated and solidified after coating. Yes.

  The adhesive strength characteristics of the lubricants of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were evaluated using a two-cylinder rolling contact tester. The two-cylinder rolling contact tester is a basic tester designed to explore various wheel / rail contact problems, and measures the traction (tangential force) generated between the wheel disc / rail disc with high accuracy. Can do. The two-cylinder rolling contact tester rotates the wheel disc in a state where the wheel disc and the rail disc, which are made of the same material as the actual product, are in pressure contact with a predetermined load applied, and torque acting on the wheel disc is torqued. Measure with a meter. First, the wheel disc and rail disc are surface-finished with # 80 sandpaper, and in order to bring the contact part of both discs into conformity before starting the test and the temperature of the bearings to an appropriate temperature, about 5 minutes in the dry state. The surface roughness of about 1 μm in terms of root mean square roughness (rms) was formed on both discs. Thereafter, a predetermined amount of the lubricant of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was applied over the entire circumference of the rail disk, and the wheel disk and the rail disk were brought into contact with each other and rotated at a load of 1 kN and a peripheral speed of 5 km / h. The lubricant was applied uniformly.

  The test conditions were set such that the commuter type vehicle traveled along a sharp curve, the peripheral speed was 40 km / h, the contact load was 3.5 kN, and the maximum Hertz contact pressure was 672 MPa. The adhesive strength evaluation test is performed by a method in which the load torque is gradually increased by a permanent magnet type eddy current brake while the rotational speed of the rail disk and wheel disk is detected by a rotary encoder, and an excessive slip occurs. Alternatively, the test was terminated when a traction coefficient exceeding 0.3 was observed. The adhesive strength evaluation test was repeated three times for each application, and the durability of the lubricating effect was also evaluated.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of traction characteristics.
The traction characteristic shown in FIG. 6 is a curve representing the relationship between the traction coefficient t and the slip rate, the vertical axis is the traction coefficient t, and the horizontal axis is the slip rate. Here, the traction coefficient t is obtained by dividing the tangential force of the wheel circumference acting on the rail (tangential force F shown in FIG. 3) by the vertical force acting on the rail from the wheel (vertical force W shown in FIG. 3). This value (tangential force coefficient) represents the magnitude of transmission of braking force and driving force, and the coefficient when the tangential force becomes the maximum value is called the adhesion coefficient. The slip ratio is a value obtained by dividing the difference between the traveling speed of the vehicle and the peripheral speed of the sliding or idling wheel by the traveling speed of the vehicle.

  A curve I shown in FIG. 6 is a traction characteristic when the rail and the wheel are in a dry state. In the curve I, the traction coefficient t is large within a range where slip occurs between the rail 1a on the inner track side of the sharp curve as shown in FIG. 1 and the wheel 4a (range of slip generated in the inner track shown in FIG. 6). As a result, the lateral pressure Q increases and a squeak noise is generated. Curve II is the traction characteristic when ordinary oil lubrication is used. In the curve II, when passing through a sharp curve (within the range of the slip generated in the inner track shown in FIG. 6), the traction coefficient t is smaller than that in the curve I, and the transverse generated between the rail 1a and the wheel 4a. The pressure Q can be suppressed. However, when the vehicle accelerates or decelerates and the slip rate increases, the traction coefficient t further decreases, causing idling and sliding. Curve III is an ideal traction characteristic. In the range of the slip rate that occurs when passing through a sharp curve, the traction coefficient t becomes small and the occurrence of lateral pressure Q is suppressed, and the macroscopic slip that leads to idling or sliding due to acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle. When this occurs, it is desirable to use a lubricant that immediately shifts to a high traction coefficient t.

7 is a graph showing the test results of the adhesive property evaluation test, FIG. 7A is the test result of Example 1, FIG. 7B is the test result of Comparative Example 1, and FIG. C) is the test result of Comparative Example 2, and FIG. 7D is the test result of Comparative Example 3.
As shown in FIG. 7, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the adhesion coefficient (maximum traction coefficient) is as low as about 0.1 despite a small amount of application, and no significant change in the lubrication effect is observed even in the third repetition. It can be evaluated that it is excellent in sustainability. For this reason, friction on the top surface of the rail on the inner track side of the sharp curve is reduced and smooth curve passing is realized, but on the other hand, the traction coefficient decreases with the increase of the slip rate, so that the idling or sliding during acceleration or deceleration There is a high possibility of triggering.

  Comparative Example 3 has a relatively high adhesion coefficient of 0.18 (deceleration conversion value: 6.35 (km / h) / s), which is similar to the coefficient of friction obtained in a general water-lubricated state. Even if the rate is increased, no decrease in the traction coefficient t is observed, and it is estimated that there is a low possibility of causing adhesion problems. However, when the test is repeated, the lubricating effect disappears early.

  On the other hand, Example 1 is a measurement result approximated to the ideal traction characteristic (curve III) shown in FIG. 6, and both the adhesive force characteristic and the durability of the lubrication effect are good. Suitable for lubricating the top surface of rails. For this reason, it is considered that the lateral pressure can be reduced by spraying on the contact portion between the top surface of the rail and the tread surface of the wheel, thereby contributing to ensuring safety and reducing costs.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications or changes can be made as described below, and these are also within the scope of the present invention.
For example, in this embodiment, the railway wheel and the rail for the railway have been described as examples of the railway member. However, other railway members that receive frictional resistance due to the relative motion between the contact surface and the contacted surface are described. The present invention can also be applied. Further, in this embodiment, although the jetting friction reducing material C ₁ or increasing adhesive C ₂ from the injection port 15 through one of the conduit 14, providing a conduit 11a, respectively injection port in the distal end portion of the 11b You can also. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 are installed on the vehicle 2 side has been described as an example. However, the friction relaxation devices 5 and 6 are installed on the ground side and injected between the rail 1a and the wheels 4a from the ground side. You can also.

It is a top view which shows the state of a wheel and a rail when a vehicle provided with the friction relaxation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention passes a sharp curve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a front view which shows the state of a wheel and a rail when a vehicle provided with the friction relaxation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention passes a sharp curve, (A) is a contact state with the rail and wheel of an inner track side. It is a front view which shows, (B) is a front view which shows the contact state of the rail by the side of an outer rail, and a wheel. It is a lineblock diagram of the friction mitigation device concerning an embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the accommodation apparatus of the friction relaxation material of the friction relaxation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the storage apparatus of the increased adhesive material of the friction relaxation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of a traction characteristic. It is a graph which shows the test result of an adhesive property evaluation test, (A) is a test result of Example 1, (B) is a test result of Comparative Example 1, (C) is a test result of Comparative Example 2. Yes, (D) is the test result of Comparative Example 3.

Explanation of symbols

1 track 1a rail (inner gauge)
1b rail (outer gauge)
1c head top surface 1d inner head top surface 4 cart 4a, 4b wheel 4c tread surface 4d flange surface 5, 6 friction mitigation device 9 accommodation device (relaxation material accommodation portion)
9a Upper accommodation part 9b Mesh part (exclusion means)
9c Lower housing portion 9d Pipe line 10 Housing device (adhesive material housing portion)
10a accommodating portion 10d pipeline 11a pipeline (moderating material delivery route)
11b Pipe line (adhesive delivery route)
13a, 13b Pinch valve (Transmission path switching unit)
15 Injection port C ₁ Friction modifier C ₂ Increased adhesive C ₃ Fine powder

Claims (9)

A friction modifier that reduces frictional resistance between the rail and the wheel,
The substance that reduces the frictional resistance is mainly composed of a carbon-based material;
Friction modifier characterized by The friction modifier according to claim 1,
Containing iron oxide and / or graphite in the material for reducing the frictional resistance;
Friction modifier characterized by A friction relaxation material storage device for storing a friction relaxation material that reduces frictional resistance between a rail and a wheel,
Comprising an exclusion means for eliminating fine particles of the friction modifier having a particle size smaller than a predetermined value;
An apparatus for containing a friction modifier. In the accommodation device of the friction relaxation material according to claim 3,
An upper accommodating portion for accommodating the friction modifier, and
A lower housing portion for housing the fine powder,
The exclusion means includes a mesh portion that is disposed between the upper accommodation portion and the lower accommodation portion, and passes the fine powder from the upper accommodation portion into the lower accommodation portion, and excludes the fine powder.
An apparatus for containing a friction modifier. In the accommodation device of the friction relaxation material according to claim 3 or 4,
The exclusion means excludes the fine powder of the friction modifier according to claim 1 or claim 2,
An apparatus for containing a friction modifier. A friction relaxation device for reducing frictional resistance between a rail and a wheel,
A relaxation material accommodating portion for accommodating a friction relaxation material that relieves the frictional resistance;
In order to supply the friction relaxation material between the rail and the wheel, a relaxation material delivery path for delivering the friction relaxation material in a dry state from the relaxation material accommodating portion,
A friction relieving device comprising: The friction alleviating device according to claim 6, wherein
An adhesive material accommodating portion for accommodating an increased adhesive material that increases the frictional resistance;
In order to supply the increased adhesive material between the rail and the wheel, an adhesive material delivery path for delivering the increased adhesive material from the adhesive material accommodating portion;
When supplying the friction relaxation material, the relaxation material delivery path is opened to close the adhesive material delivery path, and when supplying the increased adhesion material, the increased adhesion material delivery path is opened to reduce the relaxation material delivery path. A delivery path switching unit to be closed;
A friction relieving device comprising: In the friction alleviation device according to claim 6 or 7,
The relaxation material accommodating portion accommodates the friction relaxation material according to claim 1 or claim 2,
Friction relaxation device characterized by. In the friction alleviation device according to claim 6 or 7,
The relaxation material accommodating portion includes the friction relaxation material accommodation device according to any one of claims 3 to 5.
Friction relaxation device characterized by.

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