JP2005066521A - Absorbing material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an absorbing material, an oil absorbing material and a fire extinguishing agent for an oil fire which can retain absorbed oil content in the absorbing material and which do not become solidified states (lump) in an absorbing process. <P>SOLUTION: The absorbing material, the oil absorbing material and the fire extinguishing agent for oil fire comprise diatomaceous earth particles 50 wt.% or more of which have particle sizes within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm and at least 5 wt.% of which have particle sizes exceeding 3 mm (to the total number of the particles having particle sizes of 100 μm to 10 mm). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an absorbent material composed of diatomaceous earth particles having a specific particle size range, in particular, an oil absorbent material and an oil fire extinguishing material.

  It is well known that the higher the viscosity of the liquid, the more difficult it is to absorb and remove any absorbent material. In particular, when the liquid is oil, since there are oils ranging from those having good fluidity to those having high viscosity such as grease, it has been extremely difficult to uniformly absorb the oil. Conventionally, an absorbent made of a material that absorbs liquid has been widely used for absorbing and removing liquid. As such materials, many materials such as polymer compounds, wood, plant fibers, sand, cloth, diatomaceous earth, and white clay are known, but none of the results has been sufficiently satisfactory.

Conventional oil absorbers are of the type where oil adheres to the surface of the absorbent, and those where oil adheres to and retains in the gaps between absorbents, and those that permeate and retain in the internal voids of the absorbent and so on.
When the oil component adheres to the surface of the absorbent material, the oil component retained between the absorbent materials easily oozes out of the absorbent material due to the application of gravity or pressure, and does not satisfy the purpose of oil absorption recovery. Examples of the absorbent adhering to the surface of the absorbent material include sand, sawdust, and white clay. These materials are difficult to absorb with high viscosity oil and have problems such as dumpling in the process.
Examples of the material in which oil is adhered and held in the gaps between the absorbent materials include a polymer compound having internal voids such as wood, fibers and woven fabrics thereof, and nonwoven fabrics.
There are foams such as diatomaceous earth and pumice that have the oil penetrated and retained in the internal voids of the absorbent material. These substances include those processed into granules or granules and those processed into fine powders. This is because granules processed are considered to be easy to handle, and those processed into powders are processed into granules and those processed into fine powders have a smaller particle size and absorbability. Because it was considered expensive. However, when the product processed into granules or granules and the product processed into fine powder are actually used, the substance to be absorbed cannot be completely removed due to its shape, or it is in a solid state during the absorption process ( In particular, it has been found that oils with high viscosity become dumplings, making it difficult to handle and incomplete absorption and removal. In addition, fine powders can be blown away by the wind.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an absorbent material, an oil absorbent material, and a fire extinguishing material for oil fire that can retain the absorbed oil content inside the absorbent material and do not become a solid state (dama) during the absorption process.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm, preferably 100 μm to 5 mm is 50% by weight or more, preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably. Occupy 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and those having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (based on the total amount of particles falling within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm), preferably The present invention relates to an absorbent material comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying 10% by weight, particularly preferably 15% by weight.
In the second aspect of the present invention, a particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm, preferably 100 μm to 5 mm is 50% by weight or more, preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably. Occupy 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and those having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (based on the total amount of particles falling within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm), preferably The oil-absorbing material is characterized by comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying 10% by weight, particularly preferably 15% by weight.
In the third aspect of the present invention, a particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm, preferably 100 μm to 5 mm is 50% by weight or more, preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably. Occupy 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and those having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (based on the total amount of particles falling within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm), preferably The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing material for oil fires characterized by comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying 10% by weight, particularly preferably 15% by weight.

  In the present invention, if the particle diameter is in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm, preferably 100 μm to 5 mm, in other words, the particle diameter is 100 μm or more, the liquid to be absorbed can easily flow into the particle gap, and apparent absorption is achieved. It was found that the speed was improved. In particular, the particle group falling within this range is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less 100% (where% is based on weight), 3 mm or less 70-90%, 2 mm or less 40-60% It is preferable that it is 15 to 35% of 1 mm or less. With such a distribution, it is presumed that the apparent absorption rate for the liquid to be absorbed becomes very high when particles of various particle sizes coexist. It is presumed that the liquid to be absorbed then gradually penetrates into the pores of the particles from the particle gap. On the other hand, the absorbent material consisting only of fine particles of 100 μm or less cannot be rapidly penetrated into the particle gap because the particle gap is too small, and as a result, it takes a very long time to penetrate into the individual fine particles. It is considered a thing. Moreover, when the viscosity of the liquid to be absorbed is as high as C heavy oil, it is desirable to contain at least 5% by weight of a liquid having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm. As a result, the liquid to be absorbed having high viscosity can smoothly penetrate into the particle gap.

  As a utilization form of the absorbent material of the present invention, there is a method of spraying the absorbent material of the present invention to an oil to be absorbed such as oil spilled on the floor surface or road surface. By doing so, the oil is absorbed inside the absorbent material of the present invention and the color of the absorbent material changes, so that as long as there is something to be absorbed, the oil is absorbed so that it does not become a discolored absorbent material as a whole. Overlay the material. Next, mix well with a proper tool such as a bowl or scoop so that the material to be absorbed is completely absorbed. When the absorption is complete, collect the absorbent material.

  Another use form of the absorbent material of the present invention is to put the absorbent material of the present invention in a bag made of a net or a nonwoven fabric and place it on what is to be absorbed. This form of utilization is particularly effective when absorbing and recovering oil on the surface of the water. This is because this makes post-processing extremely simple.

Further, the absorbent material of the present invention can be used in combination with microorganisms that decompose what is to be absorbed, for example, the absorbent material of the present invention and oil-decomposing microorganisms.
For this purpose, it is also possible to carry microorganisms that decompose what is to be absorbed in the absorbent material of the present invention. Moreover, after spraying decomposable microorganisms such as oil-decomposable microorganisms on what should be absorbed first, for example, oils, they may be treated with an absorbent material. This makes it possible to clean up oils that have been stuck in the past.

(1) According to the present invention, an absorbent material capable of absorbing and recovering a wide range from a low fluidity liquid to a highly viscous oily liquid can be provided.
(2) Oil components deposited and adhered for many years can be easily absorbed and removed by using the absorbent material of the present invention in combination with oil-degrading microorganisms.
(3) Due to the nature of diatomaceous earth, the friction coefficient of the oil-absorbed surface is increased, so that even if walking on it, it will not slip and safety can be ensured. On the other hand, when sand is struck, walking on it will surely slip and fall.
(4) Since the oil is quickly absorbed, the fire can be quickly extinguished by applying an absorbent to the flammable fuel oil.
(5) The product of the present invention captures oil by capillary action because it retains the fine structure within the structure of diatomaceous earth. However, if the shape of each particle is not uniform, Can absorb properly.
(6) The product of the present invention should absorb 10 to 100 times faster than fine particles. The reason for this is not clear, but the fine particles are to be absorbed up to the surface immediately, for example, they are covered with oil, and the liquid to be absorbed earlier cannot enter, whereas the present invention It can be presumed that a liquid having a particle size of a product can smoothly enter the liquid to be absorbed between the particles.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1
The diatomaceous earth fragments were dried to reduce the water content to 10% or less, and then crushed and passed through a 5 mm sieve to produce the product of the present invention. The product of the present invention was fractionated with a sieve having different eyes, and the ratio of diatomaceous earth particles that passed through each eye is shown in the following table. % In the table is based on weight.

Example 2
Table 2 shows the amount of absorption when various fuel oils were absorbed using 10 g of the present diatomaceous earth of Example 1.

いずれの場合も本来のアスファルトよりも摩擦係数は増大しているので、この上を歩いてもとくにすべりやすくなったということはありえない。散布量はいずれも表面積１ｍ^２当り１０００ｇを用いた。 Example 3
The static and dynamic friction coefficients of the product of the present invention according to Example 1 were measured using a rubber plate on an asphalt pavement, and the results are shown in Table 3.

In any case, the coefficient of friction is higher than that of the original asphalt, so it is unlikely that it will be particularly slippery even if you walk on it. As for the application amount, 1000 g per 1 m ^{2 of the} surface area was used.

バイオ忍者（商品名：珪藻土微粉末吸収材７０μｍ以下のもの１００％、３０μｍ以下のもの９０％）、生珪藻土、焼成珪藻土及びモンモリロナイトはいずれも油を吸収してダマとなり、分散させ粉状にするのに時間が掛かり、その上硫酸紙の表面に油と共にこびりついていた。
稚内珪藻土（商品名）は粒子状なのでダマにはなり難いが使用量が多くなる。
ＡＣライト（商品名）は顆粒状（３ｍｍ以下が１００％、２ｍｍ以下が９３％、１ｍｍ以下が０％）であり、Ｃ重油以外は比較的吸収処理がしやすいが、Ｃ重油は団子状になり処理しにくい。完全に油が吸収されずに表面に残るので残油を拭き取らなければならない。
しかも、粒子状や顆粒状にするためには、そのための工程が余分にかかり、コスト高は避けられない。
本発明品（実施例１のもの）は吸収が早く、ダマになりにくく、処理時間が短くて済む上、粘性の高いＣ重油、エンジン油でもダマにならないことがわかる。 Example 4
The amount of the absorbent material according to Example 1 required to completely absorb 1 g of each oil shown in Table 4 was measured.
Complete absorption is the result of repeating the operations of weighing 1.0 g of oil on sulfuric acid paper, adding an absorbent on it, stirring with a cartridge, and adding the absorbent little by little and stirring with the cartridge. The amount of the absorbent used until the surface of the sulfuric acid paper did not leave oil and the absorbent that absorbed the oil did not become lumpy and was not attached to the paper surface was determined. The results are shown in Table 4.

Bio ninja (trade name: 100% diatomite fine powder absorbent material less than 70μm, 90% less than 30μm), raw diatomaceous earth, calcined diatomaceous earth and montmorillonite all absorb oil, become lumps, disperse and powder. It took a long time and stuck to the surface of the sulfuric acid paper with oil.
Wakkanai diatomaceous earth (trade name) is particulate, so it is difficult to become lumps, but the amount used is large.
AC light (trade name) is granular (3% or less is 100%, 2mm or less is 93%, 1mm or less is 0%), and other than C heavy oil is relatively easy to absorb, but C heavy oil is in a dumpling form. It is difficult to process. Since the oil is not completely absorbed and remains on the surface, the residual oil must be wiped off.
In addition, in order to form particles or granules, an extra process is required, and high costs are inevitable.
It can be seen that the product of the present invention (in Example 1) absorbs quickly, is less likely to become lumpy, requires less processing time, and is not damped even with highly viscous C heavy oil or engine oil.

砂の場合、灯油及びガソリンが上部に浸潤して来て再着火が容易に起こった。本発明の場合は珪藻土内部に油分が吸収されるため、より少ない量で消火でき、上部への浸潤も見られなかった。本発明で消火した場合に、点火後表面を散水することにより容易に消火できた。 Example 5
The amount of the absorbent material of Example 1 according to the present invention required for igniting 100 ml of gasoline and kerosene and extinguishing it was determined. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

In the case of sand, kerosene and gasoline infiltrated the upper part and reignition easily occurred. In the case of the present invention, the oil was absorbed inside the diatomaceous earth, so that the fire could be extinguished in a smaller amount and no infiltration into the upper part was seen. When extinguishing with the present invention, it was possible to extinguish easily by sprinkling the surface after ignition.

Example 6
1.0 g of engine oil was dropped on the synthetic resin film and sprinkled with 1.0 g of various absorbent materials in Table 6 below so as to cover the whole, and the time until all of the engine oil was absorbed was measured. The absorption time for each absorbent material was as shown in Table 6 below.

  The test was conducted on engine oil, but the product of the present invention showed an excellent absorption rate even with oil having higher viscosity than engine oil.

Embodiments of the present invention are listed below.
(1) A particle group having a particle diameter falling within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm accounts for 50% by weight or more of the whole, and those having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (particle diameter is 100%).
An absorbent material comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying the total amount of particles within a range of μm to 10 mm.
(2) A particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm accounts for 50% by weight or more of the whole, and those having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (particle diameter is 100%).
An oil-absorbing material comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying a total amount of particles within a range of μm to 10 mm.
(3) A particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm accounts for 50% by weight or more of the total, and at least 5% by weight of the particles having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm (with a particle diameter of 100
A fire extinguishing material for oil fires characterized by comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying the total amount of particles within a range of μm to 10 mm.
(4) A particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm accounts for 50% by weight or more of the whole, and a particle group having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm is at least 5% by weight (particle diameter is 100%).
It consists of diatomaceous earth particles occupying 35% by weight or less (relative to the total amount of particles falling within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm) with a particle size of 1 mm or less (relative to the total amount of particles falling within the range of μm to 10 mm). Absorbent characterized by.
(5) A particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm accounts for 50% by weight or more of the whole, and those having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (particle diameter is 100%).
It consists of diatomaceous earth particles occupying 35% by weight or less (relative to the total amount of particles falling within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm) with a particle size of 1 mm or less (relative to the total amount of particles falling within the range of μm to 10 mm). Oil absorbent material characterized by
(6) A particle group having a particle diameter in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm accounts for 50% by weight or more of the total, and at least 5% by weight of the particles having a particle diameter exceeding 3 mm (particle diameter is 100%).
It consists of diatomaceous earth particles occupying 35% by weight or less (relative to the total amount of particles falling within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm) with a particle size of 1 mm or less (relative to the total amount of particles falling within the range of μm to 10 mm). Oil fire extinguishing material characterized by

Claims (3)

  Particles with a particle size in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm account for 50% by weight or more of them, and those having a particle size exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (the total amount of particles within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm). An absorbent material characterized by comprising diatomaceous earth particles.   Particles with a particle size in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm account for 50% by weight or more of them, and those having a particle size exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (the total amount of particles within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm). Oil absorbing material, characterized by comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying). Particles with a particle size in the range of 100 μm to 10 mm account for 50% by weight or more of them, and those having a particle size exceeding 3 mm are at least 5% by weight (the total amount of particles within the range of 100 μm to 10 mm). Oil fire extinguishing material, characterized by comprising diatomaceous earth particles occupying).