JP2005046999A - Surface roughening method of processed article, and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means capable of stably mass-producing an article low in price, high in marketability, and having roughened surfaces, for example, a base body for an electrophotographic photosensitive body. <P>SOLUTION: In a device for roughening the surfaces of a processed article 5 with magnetic grains, an iron core 12 is made to exist in the inside of the processed article by using an article around two electrodes of which a wire is wound at least as a motor-stator type rotating magnetic field generator. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for forming a surface on a satin surface by causing abrasive grains to collide with and contact the surface of an object to be processed, and an apparatus therefor. More specifically, a rotating magnetic field is applied to the magnetic abrasive grains, and this is vibrated and caused to collide and contact with the object to be processed to obtain a textured surface. More specifically, it is applied to finish processing of an aluminum tube for an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

  Conventionally, the satin treatment on the surface of the workpiece has been performed by a dry shot blasting method or a wet shot blasting method. In these methods, the medium is accelerated by a working fluid, for example, a compressed air jet or impeller to collide with the object to be processed, and the surface of the object to be processed is processed. Separation, replenishment of media, etc., and large-scale equipment is required. In order to solve such a problem, the object to be processed is accommodated in a container having air permeability filled with abrasive grains, and compressed air is ejected from an air nozzle having its tip directed to the object to be processed. A method for performing surface treatment is also disclosed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-78995). However, this method can only be expected to reduce the scale of the workpiece and remove rust.

  On the other hand, a method using a rotating magnetic field is also disclosed (JP-A-7-227755), but in this method, a permanent magnet or a DC electromagnet is attached to a donut-shaped yoke and rotated. When applied to magnetic abrasive grains put into the surface treatment tank, the magnetic abrasive grains are chain-like and rotate while the magnetic poles are attracted by the magnetic force to the surface of the surface treatment tank (in many cases also serving as the object to be treated). Therefore, even if the surface of the object to be processed is polished and smoothed, no further effect can be expected.

  Further, as a method of using a rotating magnetic field, there is a method of applying an alternating voltage to a rotating magnetic field generator formed in a motor-stator shape (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-138207). In this method, magnetic abrasive grains are used. Since the magnetic poles change in a very short time if they are fixed in one place instead of being chain-like, the magnetic fluxes vibrate and the magnetic abrasive grains collide and contact the surface of the workpiece. At first glance, the surface is changed to satin, so it seems to be valuable as a satin treatment method for the surface of the object to be treated. However, the efficiency of the rotating magnetic field is remarkably impaired, and as the roughening process proceeds. Since consideration is not given to the blackening phenomenon of the surface of the object to be processed that occurs when the fine powder of the object to be processed stays in the tank as it is, the commercial value is remarkably lowered. Furthermore, no consideration was given to obtaining uniformity of quality when industrially put into practical use.

  In addition, when magnetic abrasive grains are repeatedly applied to the electromagnetic roughening method in the usual manner, the residual magnetic force gradually increases and the vibrational flow is hindered, making it difficult to obtain the desired surface roughness. Become.

  Furthermore, when using an aluminum or aluminum alloy drawn tube as a base for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, rough cutting and finishing cutting were required prior to the application of the dry shot blasting method or the wet shot blasting method. It occupies most of the cost, and there is a strong demand for cost reduction.

JP 49-78995 A

JP-A-7-227755

JP 2001-138207 A

Problems to be solved by the invention

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a means for stably mass-producing an article having a rough surface with a low price and high merchantability, in particular, an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate. .

Means for solving the problem

  That is, the apparatus of the present invention includes a rotating magnetic field generator (4) formed in a motor-stator shape connected to an AC three-phase power source, and a non-concentrically arranged in the rotating magnetic field generator. A hollow cylindrical roughening treatment tank (2) made of a magnetic conductor, which is capable of receiving a hollow cylindrical workpiece (5) substantially concentrically in its lumen, In the apparatus for roughening the surface of the object to be processed, which comprises a roughening tank (2) having a volume capable of receiving the magnetic abrasive grains (1) as a medium, with the magnetic abrasive grains, the rotating magnetic field is generated. The apparatus is wound in the form of a two-pole motor / stator, and is inserted into the lumen of the workpiece (5) received in the roughening treatment tank to hold the workpiece. And it has an iron core that can be rotated around the shaft, and the inner peripheral surface of the roughening tank (2) Air that is introduced from one end of the roughening treatment tank and substantially rectified toward the other end of the roughening treatment tank can flow into a space defined by the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece (5). A wire mesh for rectifying the introduced air flow, the air introducing means being arranged so that the peripheral surface thereof is in contact with the inner surface of the roughening treatment tank (2), and a right side thereof Is arranged in such a manner that its peripheral surface is in contact with the inner surface of the roughening treatment tank (2), its central part is made non-flowable, and its outer peripheral edge has its axis It is a member having a plurality of air blowing holes inclined by 7 to 12 ° so as to converge on one point on the axis of the roughening treatment tank.

  Here, “substantially concentric” does not require a strict concentric relationship, but a roughening process having a surface state of a desired quality with respect to an object to be processed, which is an object of the present invention. Insofar as it can be performed, the two involved are arranged slightly offset so as not to interfere with assembly and mutual movement, and at least the longitudinal axes of both are parallel and the longitudinal direction. This means that it is possible to lie on a vertical axis and a vertical axis.

  On the other hand, the method of the present invention generates a rotating magnetic field by applying a three-phase AC voltage to a rotating magnetic field generator (4) formed in the shape of a two-pole motor / stator, and in the lumen of the rotating magnetic field generator. The magnetic particles put into the disposed hollow cylindrical roughening treatment tank (2) are caused to flow, and the iron core (12) disposed in the lumen of the roughening treatment tank is rotated. While the outer surface of the workpiece (5) held on its outer surface is collided and brought into contact with the outer surface of the workpiece (5), the surface of the workpiece is roughened. The surface roughening tank (2), the object to be processed (5), and the iron core (12) are integrally pulled out from the rotating magnetic field generator (4) over a predetermined time while the power supply to is continued. The surface of the processing object characterized by the above is roughened.

  The apparatus and method of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

      The apparatus shown in FIG. 1, that is, an apparatus having the following components was used. 2 to 4 are diagrams showing the AA cross section, the BB cross section, and the CC cross section of FIG. 1 (the rotating magnetic field generator (4) described later is a line because the figure becomes complicated). In addition, the abrasive grains as the roughening medium are also symbolically shown in FIG. Here, in the description regarding the direction in the present specification including the description of the scope of claims, “right” means the direction from the AA line to the CC line in FIG. 1, while “left” means FIG. 1 shows the direction from line CC in FIG. 1 toward line AA.

a. Rotating magnetic field generator (4):
It consists of a two-pole stator (inner diameter: 83 mmφ, coil winding length: 475 mm) (the stator is electrically connected to a three-phase AC power source not shown). The use of this two-pole stator is one of the important features of the present invention. Its specific efficacy will become clear from the following description.

b. Roughening treatment tank (2):
A hollow cylinder made of a non-magnetic conductor (in this example, SUS316 is used) (varies depending on the size of the object to be processed (5), but in this example, an outer diameter of 60 mmφ, an inner diameter of 59 mmφ, and a length of 680 mm is used. And a member for storing a workpiece (5) and a later-described iron core (12) in its internal space, and providing a place for roughening the workpiece (5). It is a member that encloses abrasive grains as a roughening medium and further partitions the air flow field. It is preferable to arrange it substantially concentrically with the rotating magnetic field generator (4) ("nozzle fixing block (9)", "wire mesh (8)", "closing plate (18)", "jacket (3) described below". ) "," Iron core (12) ", and" Seal block (14) "are also arranged in the same manner," Roughening treatment tank (2) "," Nozzle fixing block (9) "," Wire mesh ( 8) ”,“ closing plate (18) ”,“ jacket (3) ”,“ iron core (12) ”, and“ seal block (14) ”are preferably concentric).

c. Nozzle fixing block (9):
The base part (left side) is a cylindrical part whose side surface is in contact with the inner surface of the roughening treatment tank (2), and a truncated cone part (cone base diameter: 50.0 mmφ, tip diameter: 37.5 mmφ on the right side) ) Having a nonmagnetic conductor (in this example, aluminum). A plurality of airflow generation nozzles (6) are provided at equal intervals on the side surface of the conical portion. The number and inner diameter of the airflow generation nozzles (6) vary depending on the size of the roughening treatment tank (2), but in this example are 8 and 1 mmφ. The angle of the airflow generation nozzle (6) is 7 to 12 ° (8.9 ° in this example) with respect to the axis of the workpiece (5), and the tip position of the airflow generation nozzle (6) is an extension of the axis of the airflow generation nozzle. The spacer (17a) on the left side was positioned 10mm to the right end side from the left end. In short, it should be introduced so that the airflow is within the range from the left end to the right end of the left spacer (as a result, a rectified and laminarized airflow flows at least near the object to be processed. The fine powder of the object to be processed generated in the course of the surface treatment—hereinafter referred to as “fine powder derived from the object to be processed” —is prevented from adhering to the object to be processed, and the space on the wall side of the roughening tank Since the flow velocity of the air flow is slow, there is little movement of the abrasive grains in the longitudinal axis direction, and as a result, there is little variation in the concentration of abrasive grains in the longitudinal axis direction). In addition, through holes that are airtightly connected to the respective airflow generation nozzles (6) are formed in the lower part near the side surface of the columnar part (in this example, stainless thin tubes are embedded). In this example, the airflow generation nozzle (6) is used in consideration of the ease of arrangement. However, a corresponding means, for example, a through hole parallel to the conical portion side surface is formed in the lower portion near the conical portion side surface. (Of course, the number and the cross-sectional area of the through holes are the same as those of the air flow nozzle). Note that the air to be introduced needs to contain no condensed water droplets.

d. Wire mesh (8):
It is a means for rectifying the airflow, and its outer peripheral surface is in contact with the inner surface of the roughening treatment tank (2), and changes depending on the size of the central portion (roughening treatment tank (2), In this example, a wire mesh made of SUS316 (opening: 74 μm) blinded from the center to 45 mmφ. The locking position was on the left side of the left end of the base of the nozzle fixing block (9) and 10 mm from the left end of the roughening treatment tank (2). This position is appropriately changed according to the size of the roughening treatment tank (2).

e. Closing plate (18):
This is a member (made of aluminum in this example) for closing the roughening treatment tank installed at the left end of the roughening treatment tank (2). In the central part, a compressed air introduction tube (7) for introducing an air flow (material is not particularly limited, but in this example, a urethane tube was used. The diameter is the size of the roughening treatment tank (2). In this example, one end of an inner diameter of 4 mmφ and an outer diameter of 6 mmφ is used. The other end of the tube is connected to a compressed air source (not shown) through a jacket (3), which will be described later, and a connecting means to an external tube (if the jacket can be pulled out from the rotating magnetic field generator (4)). Although not particularly limited, an auto coupler was used in this example, and the female portion of the coupler is fixed to the wall surface of the jacket so as to penetrate the wall of the jacket, and the male portion of the coupler is attached to the end of the outer tube. And can be detachably engaged with the female portion of the coupler), and is connected via a flow rate adjusting means.

f. Jacket (3):
A hollow member (manufactured by SUS316) for housing the roughening treatment tank (2) therein, and an air flow return passage is formed by the inner surface of the member and the outer surface of the roughening treatment tank (the rough surface). Communication from the roughening treatment tank to the air flow return passage is performed through an opening (21) provided at the right end of the roughening treatment tank, where the opening is the roughening as shown in FIG. It may be a plurality of slits-broken line portions--perforated at equal intervals around the axis on the peripheral surface near the right end of the surface treatment tank, or between the right end of the roughening treatment tank and the right end of the jacket. A space may be provided, and both end portions may be connected by a plurality of spacers provided at equal intervals around the axis, and a space other than the portion occupied by the spacer may be allocated thereto. It is sufficient that the smooth flow is not hindered, and preferably the opening ratio, that is, the opening. The total area of the portion having the opening is 50 to 90%, particularly preferably 70 to 80%, and it is necessary to provide a wire mesh or the like in the opening to prevent abrasive grains from popping out. Is). The size of the jacket varies depending on the size of the roughening treatment tank. In this example, a pipe having an outer diameter of 81 mmφ, an inner diameter of 80 mmφ, and a length of 750 mm was used. In addition, for centering with the roughening treatment tank, a donut-shaped wire mesh (20) made of SUS316 (mesh size: 150 μm, outer diameter: 80 mmφ, inner diameter: 61 mmφ—the size of the roughening treatment tank) 3 pieces, which change depending on the situation, were fitted on the outer surface of the roughening tank and covered with this member (the fitting position was 50 mm from the left end of the roughening tank, 50 mm from the right end, and the roughening tank). It is the axial center of the surface treatment tank). The right end of the member has a donut-shaped seal member (13) having a hole in the center of which the workpiece (5) can be inserted so that the workpiece can be inserted. Although it is not limited as long as it can contact the outer peripheral surface of (14) and substantially block the flow of air inside and outside the jacket and the protrusion of abrasive grains, an aluminum plate having a thickness of 10 mm is used in this example. The center hole edge has a male / female relationship with the outer peripheral surface of the seal block (in the figure, the seal member is a female and the seal block is a male relationship. The center hole of the member-seal member (13) having a predetermined area that contacts the male / female as long as the male / female is in the opposite relationship is precisely the central hole of this member. − The member may be formed integrally with the main body of the seal member, or may be manufactured separately from the main body of the seal member, and may be provided with an appropriate engaging means such as a male screw-outside of the member. It may be assembled or screwed by screw engaging means formed on the side surface and formed on the inner peripheral surface of the main body of the seal member), An exhaust filter (not shown) is connected to the left end of the jacket via an appropriate means, such as a duct, for removing fine particles caused by the object to be treated which are accompanied by the air flow during the roughening treatment. ing.

g. Iron core (12):
It is a magnetic resistance reducing member (also a magnetic force enhancing means induced by abrasive grains as a surface roughening medium) disposed in the lumen of the workpiece (5) (made of soft iron. 27.5 mmφ × 520 mmL). ). The distance between the inner surface of the object to be processed and the outer surface of the member is preferably as small as possible as long as the object to be processed is not damaged when the object is removed from the member and attached to the member. Is 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm). In this example, it was set to 0.25 mm. Here, reference numeral (11) is a passage of a working medium (generally compressed air) of a holding member (19) to be described later (its diameter is the effect of reducing the magnetic resistance of the iron core (12) and the supply of the drive medium). Although it is determined in consideration of the pressure loss, the object of the present invention is to make the diameter as small as possible because of the surface roughening of the object to be processed. The right end of the iron core is connected to a means that enables movement in the axial direction, such as a rodless air cylinder. Specifically, the iron core held horizontally is attached to a fixed plate (not shown) so as to be rotatable through appropriate bearing means, for example, a mechanical bearing or an oilless bearing, Further, it is fixed to a base (not shown) to which it is attached, the base is fixed to a sleeve (not shown) of a linear guide, and the base moves in the axial direction of the iron core by the rodless air cylinder. Is made.

h. Holding member (19):
A member for holding and integrating the object to be processed (5) on the iron core (12) while keeping the distance between them (the distance between the inner surface of the object to be processed (5) and the outer surface of the iron core (12)). is there. There is no limitation as long as the object can be achieved, but in this example, an air picker (a bag body having elasticity that expands by receiving a working medium in its lumen, and the bag body is an iron core. (12) covers the entire circumference of the peripheral surface of the specific width). As shown in the drawing, the arrangement position is in the vicinity of the left end of the iron core (12) in order to prevent the abrasive grains from entering the gap between the workpiece (5) and the iron core. In addition, since the diameter of the iron core (12) is reduced by arranging this member, the magnetic force induced from the rotating magnetic field generator (4) to the abrasive grains (1) in this region is changed, and the surface roughening treatment is performed. Therefore, the object to be processed corresponding to this region is replaced with a spacer (17a) described later (therefore, the member directly held by this member is the object to be processed (5)). The spacer (17a) is disposed with their end faces attached to the left).

i. Grip member (15):
It is a member that holds the right side of the jacket (3) and gives certainty in the movement in the axial direction. In this example, there is no limitation as long as the above object can be achieved, but in this example, an air gripper (a bag body having elasticity that expands in the axial direction by receiving a working medium in its lumen, Used in close contact with the entire circumference of the jacket having a specific width. The gripping member (15) is fixed to the iron core (12) through an appropriate structural member such as a frame.

j. Seal block (14):
It is supplied to the abrasive grains (1) during the surface roughening treatment of the workpiece (5), fine powder resulting from the surface roughening treatment and the lumen of the surface roughening treatment tank (2). A member for preventing external leakage of compressed air and abrasive grains (the material is not particularly limited as long as it is a non-magnetic conductive material, but in this example is made of conductive polyacetal), and is a central hole of the seal member (13) (To be precise, the center hole of the member of the truncated cone locked to the edge of the center hole of the seal member) and a truncated cone having a side surface in contact with each other in a male / female relationship (seal in the figure) Although the block (14) is a male, as described above, the member on the seal member side may be a male and the seal block may be a female). In order to ensure the uniformity of the treatment of the processed object (5), the end surface of the processed object (5) is projected to the right. A donut-shaped member having an inner diameter having a clearance that does not impair the rotation of the spacer (17b) disposed in parallel (the edge of the hole of the seal block and the outer surface of the spacer are slid when the workpiece is rotated). Note that the outflow of compressed air containing fine powder resulting from the object to be processed through the clearance is substantially prevented by supplying grease or the like to the hole edge of the seal block. ). As shown in the drawing, this member is biased to the left by a compression spring (16a) having one end fixed to a block fixed to the right end of the spacer, so that the tapered side surface of the seal block is And the center hole edge of the seal member (13) abut against each other in an airtight manner. Further, the block is biased to the left by a compression spring (16b) having one end fixed to the block fixed to the iron core (12). Therefore, the spacer (17a) arranged on the left side (the inner peripheral surface in the vicinity of the left end is held and integrated with the iron core (12) by the holding member (19)) and the spacer is arranged on the right side. The object to be processed (5) abutted between the spacer (17b) and the end surfaces can behave as if it were a single cylindrical body by the elastic force of the compression spring (16b).

  For each component, the material used in this example is specified. However, except for the iron core (12), the rotating magnetic field generator (4), and the abrasive grains, it is a non-magnetic conductive material, such as physical strength. Of course, the material is not limited to the specified material as long as the material has characteristics required for each member.

  Next, a specific operation of the roughening process will be described.

Example 1
A. In a roughening tank (2) loaded substantially concentrically with the lumen of the jacket (3), 0.2 mmφ x 3 mmL abrasive grains (spring 304 SUS304 wire cut to a predetermined length) ) 180g was charged.

B. On the outer surface of the iron core (12), an outer diameter: 30 mmφ (inner diameter: 28.5 mmφ) × 130 mmL spacer (17b), outer diameter: 30 mmφ (inner diameter: 28.5 mmφ) × 248 mmL workpiece (5), The spacer (17a) was pressed in the order of outer diameter: 30 mmφ (inner diameter: 28.5 mmφ) × 130 mmL of spacer (17a), and compressed air was supplied to the air picker (19). Here, the spacer (17a), the object to be processed (5), and the spacer (17b) are as if the spacer (17b) is urged to the left by the compression spring (16b). And is integrated with the iron core (12). Moreover, the roughing pipe | tube of the base material for electrophotographic photoreceptors made from aluminum was used for the to-be-processed object (5). The roughing conditions were performed using a Compaq bite having a nose radius of 50 mm, the workpiece rotation speed: 6000 rpm, feed: 0.4 mm / rpm, and allowance: 0.1 mm. The surface roughness of the roughing tube (surface roughness specified in JIS B 0601. The same applies to the following description regarding the surface roughness) is shown in Fig. 5 (where surface roughness is measured by the Kosaka Technical Laboratory). Surfcoder SE-3400 manufactured by the manufacturer was used.The measurement conditions were: filter: Gracian, cut-off: 0.8 mm, evaluation length: 4 mm, stylus feed: 0.5 mm / sec. Display vertical magnification: 10,000, display horizontal magnification: 50, vertical scale: 1 μm / 10 mm, horizontal scale: 200 μm / 10 mm (the same applies to the following description regarding the surface roughness). The spacers (17a, 17B) were made of the same aluminum material as the object to be processed for convenience of handling. Of course, it is a non-magnetic conductive material that has a physical strength that can stably hold the workpiece (5) on the iron core, and that has wear resistance that can resist the collision of abrasive grains. Needless to say, it is not limited to this.

C. A rodless air cylinder (not shown) is operated, and an iron core (12) mounted with a workpiece engaged with the fixed plate mounting base and a fixing plate (not shown) is roughened into a roughening treatment tank ( 2) was loaded into the lumen. Here, since the taper surface of the seal block (14) urged to the left by the compression spring (16a) comes into contact with the center hole edge of the seal member (13), the workpiece (5) is roughened in an airtight manner. It is loaded into the surface treatment tank lumen (roughening treatment standby state).

D. The iron core (12) is rotated by a rotating means (not shown) (20 rpm), and a pressure adjusting valve (not shown) is operated to adjust the pressure to 0.08 MPa. It was introduced into the lumen of the roughening treatment tank (2) through the metal mesh (8) and the airflow generating nozzle (6) of the nozzle fixing block (9) (nozzle blowing air speed: 300 m / sec). Here, the arrows shown in FIG. 1 indicate the direction in which the airflow flows.

E. A voltage (14V) was applied to the stator of the rotating magnetic field generator (4) wound in two poles from a three-phase AC power source (current value was 18A), and the roughening treatment was performed for 2 minutes. Here, since the workpiece (5) is integrated with the iron core (12), it rotates at 20 rpm.

F. The applied voltage is cut off, the introduction of compressed air is stopped, the rotation of the iron core (12) is stopped, and the iron core (12) is extracted from the roughening treatment tank (2), and then the air picker (19) Was turned off (the supply of compressed air to the air picker was stopped and the air picker was squeezed), and the workpiece (5) was extracted from the iron core (12) and its surface condition was visually observed. There was little adhesion of the fine powder resulting from a to-be-processed object, and the surface was white. Further, there was no difference in the dent density in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece (5) (corresponding to (d) in FIG. 6 over the entire length).

  In addition, the chart shown in FIG. 6 represents the state of the dent of the workpiece after performing the roughening treatment under the above-described conditions except for the amount of abrasive grains, as a surface shape by surface roughness measurement. Is. Here, in (a), the amount of abrasive grains is 45 g, (b) is 90 g, (c) is 150 g, and (d) is 180 g. Since the amount of abrasive grains is 150 g or more and the narrow fine irregularities (bite feed traces) formed with the bite on the surface of the roughing tube before processing have disappeared to a predetermined state, the following In the example, the one in which the surface roughness state of 150 g or 180 g of the abrasive grains in this example is obtained is referred to as “pass impression density pass”.

G. Each time the surface roughening treatment is performed 10 times, the air gripper (15) is turned on (compressed air is supplied to the air gripper, and the outer surface of the jacket (3) is gripped by the air gripper after each processing is finished. ), The auto coupler (7) is turned off (the engagement between the male part and the female part is released), and the jacket (3) and the roughening treatment tank (2) are removed by a rodless air cylinder (not shown). The workpiece and the iron core (12) were loaded and pulled out from the rotating magnetic field generator (4). At this time, the introduction of compressed air and the rotation of the iron core (12) are stopped, but the power supply to the stator of the rotating magnetic field generator is continued. After the drawing (10 seconds) was completed, the power supply to the stator of the rotating magnetic field generator was stopped, and the whole once pulled out was inserted into the lumen of the rotating magnetic field generator again in that state. Next, the air gripper (15) was also turned off, and only the workpiece and the iron core (12) were pulled out from the rotating magnetic field generator (4). Then, power was supplied to the stator of the rotating magnetic field generator for 10 seconds in a state where there was no workpiece and iron core (12) (the central hole of the seal member (13) was plugged with a lid or the like). This is the “demagnetizing operation” and the “abrasive grain axial direction operation”. If the "demagnetization operation" is not performed, the N and S poles of the magnetized abrasive grains attract each other and the whole becomes a lump, but the abrasive grains after the "demagnetization operation" are not a lump but a smooth shape It was. Further, the distribution of the abrasive grains after the “operation for homogenizing the abrasive grains in the axial direction” was substantially uniform in the axial direction. The surface condition (color and dent density) of the first and 50th workpieces (5) was processed 50 times with 10 “demagnetization operations” every 10 times. There was no change.

Example 2
Except that the compressed air was not introduced into the roughening treatment tank (2), and the "demagnetization operation" and the "abrasive grain axial homogenization operation" were not performed, the same as in Example 1. The surface to be processed (5) was roughened with the apparatus and operating conditions (number of treatments: 20). In the first sample, the amount of fine powder caused by the object to be processed was small as in Example 1, and the surface was white. Moreover, there was no difference in the dent density of the to-be-processed object (5) in the longitudinal direction (state (d) in FIG. 6). However, a slight amount of fine powder due to the object to be treated was observed in the second line, and the surface started to become black in the third line. As the number of treatments increased, the amount of fine powder due to the object to be treated increased. (The dent density passed). Further, in the fifteenth, the dent density started to decrease on the entire surface (state (b) in FIG. 6, that is, a state in which a bite feed trace remains in part). Therefore, prior to the 16th roughening treatment, the pattern was changed to the “demagnetization operation” and “abrasive grain homogenization operation” shown in the first embodiment. No decrease in the dent density was observed. From the results of this example, if the “demagnetizing operation” and the “homogeneous operation in the axial direction of the abrasive grains” are performed before the dent density starts to decrease, a product satisfying a predetermined level as the dent density. Therefore, it was found that the product can be used for applications where blackening is not a problem.

  The cause of the blackening of the surface is due to the adhesion of fine powder caused by the object to be treated, which cannot be removed by air blow or the like, and can be finally removed by chemical treatment, for example, washing with an aqueous caustic soda solution. It is.

Example 3
After the roughening treatment of one workpiece (5), only the workpiece and the iron core (12) are extracted from the rotating magnetic field generator (4), and the center hole of the seal member (13) is covered with a lid or the like (the center hole). The air is closed at the same time, and then the introduction of compressed air and the application of voltage are performed simultaneously for 30 seconds, then the introduction of compressed air is stopped and only the application of voltage is performed for 5 seconds, after which the new workpiece The surface to be processed (5) was roughened using the same apparatus and operating conditions as in Example 2 except that the number of treatments was 20 (number of treatments: 20). In the second and subsequent lines, the amount of fine powder caused by the object to be processed was small as in the case of the first line, and the object to be processed (5) maintained a white surface. Of course, there was no difference in the dent density in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece (5) (pass dent density passed). However, at the 15th line, the dent density started to decrease on the entire surface (state (b) in FIG. 6). Also in this example, the deterioration of the dent density can be avoided if the pattern is changed to the “demagnetization operation” and the “homogeneous operation in the axial direction of the abrasive grains” added to the embodiment 2 before the deterioration of the dent density. Make sure you can.

Example 4
The introduction pattern of compressed air to the roughening tank (2) (pattern in one roughening process) was set to 25 seconds on-5 seconds off three times, and then 30 seconds on (specifically, This was performed in combination with an on / off valve electrically connected to a timer in the compressed air introduction path, but the timer may be replaced with a sequencer or the like). The roughening process of the to-be-processed object (5) was performed on the apparatus and operation conditions (the number of processes: 10). Similar to Example 1, even in the 10th case, there was no blackening of the surface due to adhesion of fine powder derived from the object to be processed, and there was no change in the dent density in the axial direction (state (d) in FIG. 6). .

Example 5
The surface roughening treatment was performed under the same apparatus and operating conditions as in Example 1 except that the metal mesh (8) and the nozzle fixing block (9) were not used and the compressed air introduction pattern was as in Example 4. Was done. In the first one, a difference occurred in the longitudinal dent density of the workpiece (5) (upstream side of the air flow: state (c) in FIG. 6, downstream side of the air flow: state (d) in FIG. 6). Since it is a dent density pass level and blackening has not occurred, when the second roughening treatment is performed, blackening occurs and the dent density on the upstream side of the airflow is the state shown in FIG. ) And the subsequent roughening treatment was terminated. Therefore, in this example as well, a pattern for performing the “demagnetization operation” and the “homogeneous operation in the axial direction of the abrasive grains” described in Example 2 before the deterioration of the dent density (however, “the axial direction of the abrasive grains”). "Equalization operation" must be performed every time one process is performed, and "Demagnetization operation" must be performed every 14 lines). As a result, as in the previous example, deterioration of the dent density can be avoided. It was confirmed.

Example 6
In Example 5, instead of the “demagnetization operation” and the “homogeneous operation in the axial direction of the abrasive grains” after a predetermined number of treatments, voltage application (14 V) and air introduction (0. 08 MPa) was performed for 1 minute, and then the operation of applying the voltage for 10 seconds was stopped (the number of treatments: 15). The first dent density in the longitudinal direction is the state (c) in FIG. 6 on the upstream side of the airflow and the state (d) in FIG. 6 on the downstream side of the airflow, and this state did not change until the 14th. In the fifteenth, the whole was in the state (b) of FIG. On the other hand, there was little adhesion of the fine powder resulting from a to-be-processed object, and the surface was white to the 15th.

Comparative Example 1
The number of poles of the stator of the rotating magnetic field generator (4) was set to four, and the voltage applied to the stator of the rotating magnetic field generator (4) was adjusted to a current value of 31A (applied voltage: 22V). The surface roughening treatment was performed using the same apparatus and operating conditions as in Example 1. A processing time of 10 minutes was required to obtain the same dent density (state (d) in FIG. 6, at least state (c) in FIG. 6) as the workpiece (5) of Example 1 (sample) (Number: 5) By the way, the state (b) of FIG.

Comparative Example 2
The same core material made of a non-magnetic material was used in place of the iron core (12), and the voltage applied to the stator of the rotating magnetic field generator (4) was adjusted to a current value of 31A (applied voltage: 25V), the surface roughening treatment was performed using the same apparatus and operating conditions as in Example 1. A processing time of 6 minutes was required in order to obtain almost the same dent density (state (d) in FIG. 6, state (c) in FIG. 6) as the workpiece (5) of Example 1 (sample) (Number: 5) By the way, the state (b) of FIG.

Comparative Example 3
A surface roughening treatment was performed under the same apparatus and operating conditions as in Example 1 except that the wire mesh (8) and the nozzle fixing block (9) were not used. In the first one, there was a difference in the dent density in the longitudinal direction of the object to be processed (5) (upstream side of the air current: state (b) in FIG. 6; downstream side of the air current: state (d) in FIG. 6). Although the blackening of the surface did not occur, the subsequent roughening treatment was terminated.

Up to this point, an example of using a roughing tube of a base material for an electrophotographic photoreceptor as an object to be processed has been described. From the test results, an object to be processed is an extrusion / pulling tube (ED tube), a centerless grinding tube, etc. The apparatus and method of the present invention can also be applied to the roughening treatment of a material that has been improved in accuracy by non-cutting.
Further, it has been stated that the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is targeted as an application of the resultant product of the processing. However, according to the test results, according to the apparatus and method of the present invention, 1200 dpi of the current substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member is used. It is considered that the present invention can be applied well to a system of a level of 2400 dpi as well as a surface treatment of a material for a developing roller and a fixing roller. Furthermore, not only the aspect which arrange | positions one to-be-processed object in one roughening processing tank demonstrated so far, but also the idea of the apparatus and method of this invention is applied, and one roughening processing tank is applied. It is considered that a plurality of objects to be processed can be simultaneously roughened by a mode in which a plurality of objects to be processed are arranged, for example, by using planetary gears and rotating synchronously.

The invention's effect

  As described above, according to the apparatus and method of the present invention, it can be used as a means for controlling the reflectance of an article having a rough surface with a low price and high merchantability, for example, an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate. To provide a means for stably mass-producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor (one of applications in which a dent density is not less than a required level and a surface is also required to have a white surface) at low cost. be able to.

  It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of one embodiment of the apparatus of this invention.   It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected by the AA line of FIG.   It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected by the BB line of FIG.   It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected by CC line of FIG.   It is the figure which represented the surface state before the process of the to-be-processed object used for the Example and the comparative example by surface roughness.   It is the figure which represented the surface state after the process of the to-be-processed object provided in Example 1 by surface roughness.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 (Magnetic) abrasive grain 2 Roughening processing tank 3 Jacket 4 Rotating magnetic field generator 5 To-be-processed object 6 Air flow generation nozzle 7 Tube 8 Wire net 9 Nozzle fixed block 10 Air flow direction 11 Working medium (compressed air) passage 12 Iron core 13 Seal member 14 Seal block 15 Holding member 16a, b Compression spring 17a, b Spacer 18 Closing plate 19 Holding member 20 Donut-shaped wire mesh 21 Opening

Claims (6)

  A rotating magnetic field generator (4) formed in the shape of a motor / stator connected to an AC three-phase power source, and a hollow cylindrical shape comprising a nonmagnetic conductor substantially concentrically arranged in the rotating magnetic field generator The roughening treatment tank (2) is capable of receiving a hollow cylindrical workpiece (5) substantially concentrically in its inner cavity, and magnetic abrasive grains (1) as a treatment medium. ) In which the surface of the workpiece is roughened with magnetic abrasive grains, and the rotating magnetic field generator is in the form of a two-pole motor / stator. And iron that can be inserted into the lumen of a workpiece (5) received in the roughening treatment tank to hold the workpiece and rotate about its axis. An inner peripheral surface of the roughening tank (2) and an outer peripheral surface of the workpiece (5); In the determined space, the air further includes air introducing means capable of flowing air introduced from one end of the roughening treatment tank and substantially rectified toward the other end of the roughening treatment tank, An introducing means is arranged on the right side of the wire mesh for rectifying the introduction air flow arranged so that the peripheral surface is in contact with the inner surface of the roughening treatment tank (2), and the peripheral surface is roughened. It is a member arranged so as to contact the inner surface of the treatment tank (2), its central part is made non-flowable and its axis is at one point on the axis of the roughening treatment tank. A device having a plurality of air blowing holes inclined by 7 to 12 ° so as to converge to the above.   A three-phase AC voltage is applied to a rotating magnetic field generator (4) formed in the shape of a two-pole motor / stator to generate a rotating magnetic field, and a hollow cylindrical shape disposed in the lumen of the rotating magnetic field generator The magnetic particles put into the roughening treatment tank (2) are caused to flow, and the iron core (12) disposed in the lumen of the roughening treatment tank is rotated and held on the outer surface thereof. The magnetic particles collide with and contact the outer surface of the processed object (5) to roughen the surface of the processed object, and after the roughening process is completed, power supply to the rotating magnetic field generator is continued. The roughening treatment tank (2), the workpiece (5), and the iron core (12) are integrally pulled out from the rotating magnetic field generator (4) over a predetermined time. A method of roughening the surface.   A three-phase AC voltage is applied to a rotating magnetic field generator (4) formed in the shape of a two-pole motor / stator to generate a rotating magnetic field, and a hollow cylindrical shape disposed in the lumen of the rotating magnetic field generator The magnetic particles put into the roughening treatment tank (2) are caused to flow, and the iron core (12) disposed in the lumen of the roughening treatment tank is rotated and held on the outer surface thereof. The surface of the object to be processed is roughened by colliding and contacting the magnetic particles with the outer surface of the object to be processed (5). Further, after the roughening process is completed, the object to be processed (5) is roughened. The motor stator of the rotating magnetic field generator (4) is extracted from (2) and air is not introduced into the roughening treatment tank in a state where the workpiece is not present in the roughening treatment tank. A method for roughening the surface of an object to be processed, characterized in that a voltage is applied to the substrate to cause abrasive grains to flow.   A three-phase AC voltage is applied to a rotating magnetic field generator (4) formed in the shape of a two-pole motor / stator to generate a rotating magnetic field, and a hollow cylindrical shape disposed in the lumen of the rotating magnetic field generator The magnetic particles put into the roughening treatment tank (2) are caused to flow, and the iron core (12) disposed in the lumen of the roughening treatment tank is rotated and held on the outer surface thereof. The surface of the object to be processed is roughened by colliding and contacting the magnetic particles with the outer surface of the object to be processed (5). Further, after the roughening process is completed, the object to be processed (5) is roughened. Extracted from (2), the air to be introduced into the roughening tank while the workpiece is not present in the roughening tank, and the motor stator of the rotating magnetic field generator (4) A method for roughening a surface of an object to be processed, wherein a voltage is applied to cause abrasive grains to flow.   The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the object to be processed (5) is a cylinder that has undergone processing for imparting accuracy in advance.   The method according to claim 5, wherein the cylinder is a material used for an electrophotographic apparatus to which accuracy is given in advance by cutting.

Images