JP2005045127A - Electromagnetic field sensitive material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electromagnetic field sensitive material capable of controlling various properties such as an anisotropy, a frequency property, a reflective property or a damping property with respect to an electromagnetic wave. <P>SOLUTION: In the electromagnetic field sensitive material, a unit cell (1) of a three-dimensional structure formed by connecting a diode (6) by a conductor (5) or a resistor so as to respond to the electromagnetic waves arriving from the outside is disposed at each lattice point on the front surface of a conductive plate (9) so that various spacial lattices are formed in a crystal body. The operation of the diode is controlled by a bias voltage, and an anisotropy, a matching property, a reflective property or a damping property can be controlled with respect to the arriving electromagnetic waves by changing the crystallographic spacial layout of the unit cell. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention provides an electrostatic field by controlling the operation of a circuit element of a passive cell element and a unit cell having a structure in which the active circuit element is connected by a conductor or a resistor, and by changing the spatial arrangement of the unit cell. The present invention relates to an electromagnetic field sensitive functional material that achieves desired characteristics sensitive to static magnetic fields and electromagnetic waves.

Conventionally, materials are generally developed on the basis of so-called atomic, molecular level and chemical composition research. Examples of lossy substances used for EMC countermeasures, high-frequency circuits, and radio wave absorbers include carbon graphite, ferrite, and ferroelectrics (see Patent Document 1 below). Further, as a material constituting a filter, a circulator, or the like that is a high-frequency circuit element, there is a ferrite having anisotropy.

  In the above EMC countermeasure parts and high frequency circuit elements using these materials, the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability usually have frequency dispersibility, and the operating frequency is uniquely determined. There is a problem that there is no degree of freedom that is limited to a specific frequency range.

  Further, the conventional radio wave absorber has a problem that it cannot sufficiently absorb radio waves of a so-called near wave source having a radiation source in the vicinity of the radio wave absorber.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a new electromagnetic field sensitivity capable of controlling various characteristics of anisotropy, frequency characteristics, reflection characteristics, and attenuation characteristics with respect to incoming electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic waves of nearby wave sources. It is an object to provide functional materials.
Microfilm of Japanese Utility Model No. 63-164799 (Japanese Utility Model Application No. 2-84398)

In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is an electromagnetic field sensitive functional material in which unit cells in which circuit elements are connected with a conductor or a resistor are assembled so as to be sensitive to incoming electromagnetic waves. The characteristics of the incoming electromagnetic wave can be controlled by controlling the operation of the circuit element and changing the spatial arrangement of the unit cells.

  (Operation) By controlling the operation of the circuit element, the unit cell can be changed to a resonance state or a non-resonance state by changing the inductance or capacitance of the unit cell, or the loss due to the resistance of the circuit element can be controlled. it can. Thereby, various characteristics such as anisotropy, matching characteristics, reflection characteristics, or attenuation characteristics can be controlled with respect to the incoming electromagnetic waves. Further, the anisotropy can be further increased depending on the arrangement of the unit cells.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a unit cell having a three-dimensional structure in which circuit elements are connected by conductors or resistors so as to be sensitive to incoming electromagnetic waves from outside, each lattice point is formed so as to form various spatial lattices in the crystal. The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material arranged in the above, wherein the operation of the circuit element is controlled, and the crystallographic spatial arrangement of the unit cell is changed to control the characteristics with respect to the incoming electromagnetic wave. And

  (Operation) By controlling the operation of the circuit element, the unit cell can be changed to a resonance state or a non-resonance state by changing the inductance or capacitance of the unit cell, or the loss due to the resistance of the circuit element can be controlled. it can. Thereby, various characteristics such as anisotropy, matching characteristics, reflection characteristics, or attenuation characteristics can be controlled with respect to the incoming electromagnetic waves. Further, since the arrangement of the unit cells is similar to that of the crystal, there is an advantage that various characteristics against electromagnetic waves can be inferred from the optical properties of the crystal.

  A third aspect of the present invention is the invention according to the first or second aspect, wherein the unit cell has a two-dimensional structure.

  (Operation) Since the unit cell has a two-dimensional structure, a thin electromagnetic field sensitive functional material can be obtained.

  A fourth aspect is characterized in that, in the invention according to the first, second, or third aspect, a plurality of unit cells having different characteristics are arranged.

(Operation) An electromagnetic field sensitive functional material having various characteristics can be constituted by a plurality of unit cells having different characteristics.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to the first, second, third, or fourth aspect, the unit cell is incorporated in another material to change an electrical material constant inherent in the other material. It is made possible to do it.

  (Operation) By incorporating the unit cell, it becomes possible to obtain characteristics that cannot be realized only by the material.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth aspect, in order to drive the circuit element, power is supplied in a wireless manner using an electromagnetic wave, an alternating magnetic field, or light. It is characterized by doing.

  (Operation) The characteristics of the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material can be controlled by driving the circuit element from the outside without using a control cable or the like.

The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the circuit element is program-controlled by a computer. The characteristics of the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material can be changed quickly and easily by absorbing electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency and reflecting electromagnetic waves of other frequencies.

  The invention according to claim 8 relates to a radio wave absorber having a variable radio wave absorption characteristic configured using the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

  (Operation) By controlling the circuit elements, it is possible to change the radio wave absorption characteristic, that is, the matching characteristic, or change the matching frequency while keeping the matching center frequency constant.

  In a ninth aspect of the invention, the radio wave absorber having variable frequency absorption characteristics according to the eighth aspect is irradiated with a non-modulated continuous electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency and the operation of the circuit element is controlled at a predetermined frequency. The present invention relates to a communication device that absorbs or reflects a radio wave of a specific frequency and re-radiates the radio wave modulated to the predetermined frequency.

  (Function). When the operation of the circuit element is controlled, for example, on / off at a predetermined frequency, the reflection coefficient of an electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency can be changed. When an electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency is reflected by this radio wave absorber, it is modulated at a predetermined frequency.

  As is clear from the above description, the invention according to claim 1 is an electromagnetic field sensitive functional material in which unit cells in which circuit elements are connected by conductors or resistors are assembled so as to be sensitive to incoming electromagnetic waves. The characteristics of incoming electromagnetic waves can be controlled by controlling the operation of the circuit elements and changing the spatial arrangement of the unit cells. Therefore, by controlling the operation of the circuit element, it is possible to change the inductance or capacitance of the unit cell to control the unit cell to the resonance state or the non-resonance state, or to control the loss due to the resistance of the circuit element. it can. Thereby, various characteristics such as anisotropy, frequency characteristics, reflection characteristics, and attenuation characteristics can be controlled with respect to the incoming electromagnetic waves. Further, the anisotropy can be further increased depending on the arrangement of the unit cells.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a unit cell having a three-dimensional structure in which circuit elements are connected by conductors or resistors so as to be sensitive to incoming electromagnetic waves from outside, each lattice point is formed so as to form various spatial lattices in the crystal. The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material arranged in the above is configured to control the operation of the circuit element and to change the crystallographic spatial arrangement of the unit cell to control the characteristics with respect to the incoming electromagnetic wave. Therefore, by controlling the operation of the circuit element, it is possible to change the inductance or capacitance of the unit cell to control the unit cell to the resonance state or the non-resonance state, or to control the loss due to the resistance of the circuit element. it can. Thereby, various characteristics such as anisotropy, frequency characteristics, reflection characteristics, and attenuation characteristics can be controlled with respect to the incoming electromagnetic waves.

  In addition, since the arrangement of the unit cells is similar to that of the crystal body, various characteristics with respect to the electromagnetic wave can be inferred from the optical properties of the crystal. As a result, the medium, the chiral medium, or the Realization of materials exhibiting anisotropic media can be assumed relatively easily, and there is a large practical effect that there is no need to conduct complicated physical properties at the atomic and molecular structure level, which was required for conventional material development. is there.

  In the invention according to claim 3, since the unit cell has a two-dimensional structure, a thin electromagnetic field sensitive functional material can be obtained, and there is an advantage that it can be used by pasting on the surface of an existing material.

  In the invention which concerns on Claim 4, since the unit cell which has several different characteristics is arrange | positioned, the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material with various characteristics can be comprised. In particular, in ferrites and dielectric materials used for high-frequency circuits and EMC countermeasures, the magnetic permeability and dielectric constant do not change depending on the frequency, and the operation characteristics are not limited to a specific frequency range. A sensitive functional material can be obtained. In this case, in order to obtain desired characteristics, a great deal of labor can be eliminated from research on the atomic and molecular structure level to control of the blending ratio of materials, temperature, pressure, etc. in the manufacturing process.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the unit cell is incorporated in another material so that the electrical material constant inherent in the other material can be changed. It is possible to have it.

  In the invention according to claim 6, since electric power is supplied in a wireless manner using electromagnetic waves, alternating magnetic fields or light to drive the circuit elements, the circuit elements are driven from the outside without using an obstructive control cable or the like. It can control the characteristics of electromagnetic field sensitive functional materials and is convenient and attractive.

  In the invention according to claim 7, since the circuit element is program-controlled by the computer, the characteristics of the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material such as realizing anisotropy and absorbing electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency can be changed quickly and easily. As a result, the application of the present invention can be greatly expanded, not only in devices related to the electromagnetic environment, such as various high-frequency devices, sensors, robots, various communication devices, such as microwave and millimeter wave filters and circulators, but also widely used in the general industry. It can be used as an electromagnetic field sensitive functional material.

  Since the invention according to claim 8 is a radio wave absorber having a variable radio wave absorption characteristic configured using an electromagnetic field sensitive functional material, the radio wave absorption characteristic is changed or the matching frequency is changed by controlling a circuit element. I can do it.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a radio wave absorber having a variable frequency absorption characteristic is irradiated with a continuous electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency without modulation, and the operation of the circuit element is controlled at a predetermined frequency, thereby reflecting the radio wave of the specific frequency. By changing the coefficient, the radio wave modulated to the predetermined frequency can be re-radiated.

  1 to 3 illustrate a basic concept of the present invention and illustrate a unit cell (1) having a three-dimensional structure. This unit cell (1) connects a passive circuit element such as a resistor, a capacitor, a coil, various diodes, and an active circuit element (3, 4) such as a transistor to a line (2) made of a conductor or a resistor, It has a three-dimensional structure configured in a cubic structure.

  FIG. 1 shows a unit cell (1) in which a passive or active three-terminal circuit element (3) is arranged at each vertex of a cube. Examples of the circuit element include a diode. FIG. 2 shows an example of a unit cell (1) composed of a passive or active two-terminal element (4). FIG. 3 is an example of a unit cell obtained by combining the three-terminal element (3) with the two-terminal element (4) and combining the unit cell (1) of FIGS.

  Here, the unit cell (1) is not limited to a cube, but can be a two-dimensional structure as well as a three-dimensional structure having an appropriate shape such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a sphere. Of course, a unit cell having a two-dimensional structure and a unit cell having a three-dimensional structure can be used in combination. In addition, the operation of the circuit elements (3, 4), that is, the operation of the unit cell (1) is connected to a computer and controlled by a program to enhance the functionality of the functional material.

  FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the unit cell belonging to the form of FIG. The unit cell 1 shown in FIG. 4 is an embodiment intended to constitute a material having a radio wave absorption function. In the unit cell 1, conductor wires (5) are connected in a cubic shape, and a diode (6) is connected between the vertices. It is a structural example of a unit cell to which a microchip type resistor (7) is attached. As described above, the arrangement of the circuit elements constituting the unit cell (1) is not necessarily symmetric. In the example of FIG. 4, the conduction state such as the forward resistance of the diode (6) can be changed by controlling the bias voltage of the diode (6) which is a circuit element. By controlling the diode (6) to be in a conductive state or a cut-off state, the unit cell (1) can be controlled to a resonance state or a non-resonance state, and loss due to the resistance of the diode (6) can be controlled. Although not shown, this bias voltage may be supplied by a power supply line. However, the bias voltage may be controlled by light from the outside using a photosensitive element, or induced electromotive force in the unit cell (1) by an AC magnetic field. You may supply by the wireless system which produces.

  The present invention arranges the passive circuit elements and the active circuit elements (3, 4) in the unit cell (1) as described above according to a spatial lattice form of a crystal called a Bravey lattice which is generally well known. This constitutes a functional material. 5 and 6 show examples of Bravay lattices. FIG. 5 shows an example of a simple cubic lattice, and FIG. 6 shows an example of a body-centered cubic lattice. The configuration of the unit cell (1) corresponding to this is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively. That is, in FIG. 7, when attention is paid to the hatched unit cell (1) group, that is, the portion corresponding to the basic lattice of the crystal, the unit cells (1) are arranged in a simple cubic shape, and FIG. The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material according to the present invention is arranged in a center cubic shape. Furthermore, in these spatial lattice arrangements, when the interval between unit cells (1) is zero, that is, unit cells as shown in FIG. 9 may be coupled to each other. An electromagnetic field sensitive functional material called a close-packed structure is constructed.

  Of course, the random arrangement of the unit cells (1) is also allowed. In this case, a unit cell (1) having an appropriate shape such as a spherical shape can be used.

  FIG. 10 shows another embodiment relating to the arrangement of the unit cells (1), which is used as a radio wave absorber. The unit cell (1) is a unit in which conductors (5) are connected in a cubic shape as shown in FIG. 4, and a diode (6) or a microchip type resistor (7) is attached between the vertices. The configuration of the cell (1) is adopted. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the unit cell (1) having this configuration is arranged in the form of a spacer (not shown) that keeps a constant distance d from the conductor plate (9), and the mutual distance is constant. The electromagnetic wave absorber is configured by periodically arranging the electromagnetic wave absorbers. Considering a mirror image of the conductor plate (9), this means that the basic lattice composed of the unit cells (1) corresponds to a tetragonal simple lattice. Of course, the unit cell (1) can be disposed not only on the front surface side of the conductor plate (9), for example, but also on the back surface or inside of the material as appropriate.

  In order to verify the possibility of the radio wave absorber in the example of FIG. 10, a unit cell (1) as shown in FIG. 11 was manufactured and experimented. In this experiment, an equal forward bias voltage was applied to each diode (6), and the reflection coefficient was measured while changing the bias voltage. In the following experiment, the dimensions of each part of the unit cell (1) are as follows: a1 = 0.7 mm, a2 = 1.2 mm, b1 = 8.3 mm, b2 = 27.9 mm, b3 = 4.0 mm, c = 1.2 mm The thickness of the conductor wire (5) = 1.6 mm and the resistance (7) = 100Ω. As a result, as shown in FIG. 12, it was confirmed that the radio wave reflection amount and the matching center frequency can be changed by changing the bias voltage of each diode (6).

  In this embodiment, the unit cell (1) having a three-dimensional structure causes the diode (6) to resist the current caused by the electric field, the current caused by the magnetic field, and the current caused by the phase difference before and after the traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the absorption characteristic can be effectively controlled in combination with the microchip resistor (7) on the back surface. In addition, because it is sensitive to both horizontal and vertical polarizations and any other electromagnetic field, there is also an unprecedented wave absorber that can absorb any radio wave or radio waves from nearby sources. realizable.

  As shown in FIG. 13, when the diode (6) is loaded only on the surface side of the unit cell (1), the forward bias voltage change of the diode (6) as shown in FIG. The amount of radio wave absorption and the matching center frequency have changed.

  As shown in FIG. 15, when the diode (6) is loaded only in the depth direction of the unit cell (1), the forward bias voltage change of the diode (6) is changed as shown in FIGS. On the other hand, only the amount of radio wave absorption changed with the matching center frequency kept substantially constant. Thereby, a radio wave absorber having a variable radio wave absorption characteristic can be realized. Further, the distance d between the unit cell (1) and the conductor plate (9) is 12 mm in FIG. 16 and 3 mm in FIG. 17, and it can be seen that the matching center frequency changes when this distance d is changed.

  Next, FIG. 18 shows still another embodiment. As shown in the figure, unit cells (1) are periodically arranged in carbonyl iron (10). The unit cell (1) includes an I-shaped conductor wire (5) arranged in front and back, a diode (6) inserted in the conductor wire (5) on the front side, and a conductor wire (5) on the back side. It comprises a microchip type resistor (7) inserted in and a diode (6) connecting the front and rear conductor wires (5). Also in this case, there are a case where the diode (6) is loaded only on the surface side of the unit cell (1) and a case where the diode (6) is loaded only in the depth direction.

  FIG. 19 shows the radio wave absorption characteristics when the forward bias of the diode is changed when the diode (6) is loaded only on the surface side. The black circles in the figure indicate the case where no bias voltage is applied to the diode. By changing this bias voltage, as shown by the black triangle in the figure, it can be seen that the reflection coefficient decreases particularly in the vicinity of 3 GHz, and it has radio wave absorption characteristics. This corresponds to an apparent change in the material constant inherent to the carbonyl iron. By means of controlling the bias voltage of the diode, it is possible to construct a radio wave absorber that can change the radio wave absorption characteristic, that is, the matching characteristic, or change the matching frequency while keeping the matching center frequency constant.

  The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material of the present invention includes a unit cell (1) composed of a structure in which a passive circuit and an active circuit element that are regarded as biological cells expressing various traits are connected by a conductor or a resistor, and a basic concept of a solid structure. It is an invention from the viewpoint of merging the basic concept of organisms and substances called crystal lattice structure, which is sensitive to incoming electromagnetic fields and nearby electromagnetic fields, showing anisotropy, absorbing electromagnetic energy and reflecting And a new functional material having a function to act.

  By the way, the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material of the present invention is not only used as a radio wave absorber.

  For example, a radio wave absorber having a variable radio wave absorption characteristic is irradiated with a continuous electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency without modulation, and the reflection coefficient of the radio wave with a specific frequency is controlled by controlling the operation of the circuit element at a predetermined frequency. It can also be used as a communication device that changes and re-radiates the radio wave modulated to the predetermined frequency.

  Further, the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material of the present invention can realize a chiral medium, various anisotropies, desired frequency characteristics, reflection characteristics, attenuation characteristics, and the like. Many electromagnetic wave devices such as filters, circulators, isolators, variable attenuators, and variable matching loads in millimeter waves can be configured.

  Furthermore, when the characteristics of each unit cell (1) are program-controlled by a computer and an antenna is provided in the radio wave absorber, only incoming radio waves of a specific frequency can be absorbed, so that a sensor capable of detecting radio waves of the specific frequency is obtained. be able to.

It is a figure which shows the unit cell which comprises the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material of this invention. It is a figure which shows another example of the said unit cell. It is a figure which shows another example of the said unit cell. It is a figure which shows another example of the said unit cell. It is a figure which shows the simple cubic lattice in a crystal | crystallization. It is a figure which shows the body center cubic lattice in a crystal | crystallization. It is a figure which shows the example of the aggregate | assembly of a unit cell. It is a figure which shows another example of the aggregate | assembly of a unit cell. It is a figure which shows another example of the aggregate | assembly of a unit cell. It is a figure which shows the structure of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of a unit cell. It is a figure which shows the structure of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of another unit cell. It is a figure which shows the absorption characteristic of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of the unit cell shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of another unit cell. It is a figure which shows the absorption characteristic of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of the unit cell shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of another unit cell. It is a figure which shows the absorption characteristic of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of the unit cell shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the absorption characteristic of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly which changed the position of the unit cell shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of another unit cell. It is a figure which shows the absorption characteristic of the electromagnetic wave absorber which consists of an aggregate | assembly of the unit cell shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 unit cell 2 conductor or resistor 3 3 terminal circuit element 4 2 terminal circuit element 5 conductor wire 6 diode 7 resistor 8 spacer 9 conductor plate 10 carbonyl iron

Claims (9)

  An electromagnetic field sensitive functional material in which unit cells in which circuit elements are connected with conductors or resistors so as to be sensitive to incoming electromagnetic waves from outside are assembled, and controls the operation of the circuit elements; An electromagnetic field sensitive functional material characterized in that characteristics of incoming electromagnetic waves can be controlled by changing the spatial arrangement.   An electromagnetic field sensitive functional material in which unit cells of a three-dimensional structure in which circuit elements are connected by conductors or resistors so as to be sensitive to incoming electromagnetic waves from outside are arranged at each lattice point so as to form various spatial lattices in the crystal. An electromagnetic field sensitive functional material characterized by controlling the operation of the circuit element and changing the crystallographic spatial arrangement of the unit cell so as to control the characteristics with respect to the incoming electromagnetic wave.   The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material according to claim 1, wherein the unit cell has a two-dimensional structure.   The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a plurality of unit cells having different characteristics are arranged.   5. The unit cell is incorporated in another material so that an electrical material constant inherent to the other material can be changed. Electromagnetic field sensitive functional material.   6. The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material according to claim 1, wherein power is supplied in a wireless manner using electromagnetic waves, alternating magnetic fields, or light to drive the circuit elements.   The electromagnetic field sensitive functional material according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the circuit element is program-controlled by a computer.   A radio wave absorber having a variable radio wave absorption characteristic configured using the electromagnetic field sensitive functional material according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.   The radio wave absorber having variable frequency characteristics according to claim 8 is irradiated with a continuous electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency without modulation, and the operation of the circuit element is controlled at a predetermined frequency. A communication device that absorbs or reflects radio waves and re-radiates the radio waves modulated to the predetermined frequency.

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