JP2005036545A - Electric shutter opening/closing device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric opening/closing device capable of eliminating the through-current by disusing a H-bridge circuit and reducing the number of switching element. <P>SOLUTION: This electric shutter opening/closing device has a motor 20 for generating the driving force for opening/closing the shutter and a motor driving circuit 22 for driving the motor 20. A switching means 3 of the motor driving circuit 22 switches operating direction of the shutter by switching revolving direction of the motor 20. A speed controlling means 4 is connected in series to the motor 20, and controls revolving speed of the motor 20 by switching to repeatedly turn the motor current on/off. The speed controlling means 4 can be formed of only one switching element 40, and the switching element 40 is used for both of normal revolution and reverse revolution of the motor 20 in common. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric shutter opening / closing device that opens and closes a shutter with a motor.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an electric shutter opening / closing device, one having an openable / closable shutter, a motor that exhibits a driving force for opening and closing the shutter, and a motor drive circuit that drives the motor is known (Patent Document 1). According to this, when the motor rotates forward in one direction, the shutter performs one of closing and opening. If the motor rotates backward in the other direction, the shutter performs the other operation of closing and opening.

According to such an electric shutter opening / closing device, an H-bridge circuit using four transistors is generally employed in order to switch between forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor with a single power supply system. According to this configuration, the first transistor and the second transistor are connected to one motor terminal of the motor, and the third transistor and the fourth transistor are connected to the other motor terminal of the motor. When the motor is rotated forward, the first transistor and the fourth transistor are turned on while the second transistor and the third transistor are turned off. When the motor is rotated in the reverse direction, the second transistor and the third transistor are turned on while the first transistor and the fourth transistor are turned off. According to this, it is possible to switch between normal rotation and reverse rotation of the motor with a single power supply system.
FIG. 10 of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-45778

  However, according to the electric shutter opening / closing device, since four transistors for constituting the H-bridge circuit are used, there is a possibility that the timing for turning on and off the four transistors may be shifted due to the influence of noise, failure, or the like. is there. In this case, the circuit may be damaged by a through current or the like. In addition, since a slight through current is unavoidable, it is necessary to use a transistor with a high rating that assumes a through current in order to prevent failure. Furthermore, since four expensive transistors having a large rating constituting the H-bridge circuit are required, there is a risk that the cost may be disadvantageous. In particular, the electric shutter opening / closing device is often used for the purpose of shutting off the outside air and the room, and even though it employs a protective structure, it may be affected by unexpected weather. In order to improve the reliability, it is necessary to sufficiently cope with such a harsh usage environment. However, since the number of transistors is large, the improvement in the reliability is limited.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by eliminating the use of the H bridge circuit and reducing the number of switching elements, the possibility of through current is eliminated, and the problem of failure is reduced or avoided. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electric shutter opening / closing device that is advantageous for improving reliability.

  An electric shutter opening and closing device according to the present invention is an electric shutter opening and closing device including a shutter that can be opened and closed, a motor that exhibits a driving force for opening and closing the shutter, and a motor driving circuit that drives the motor. , Switching means for switching the operating direction of the shutter by switching the rotation direction of the motor, and switching control connected in series to the motor and used for both forward and reverse rotation of the motor and repeatedly turning on and off the motor current of the motor And a speed control means for controlling the speed of the motor.

  The switching unit switches the operation direction (opening direction and closing direction) of the shutter by switching the rotation direction (forward rotation and reverse rotation) of the motor. The speed control means performs speed control of the motor by on / off switching control (duty control), and thereby can control the operation speed in the opening / closing direction of the shutter. Since the speed control means is commonly used for forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor, both the operation speed in the shutter opening direction and the operation speed in the closing direction are controlled. The shutter has an opening / closing function, and may be one that opens and closes in the vertical direction, one that opens and closes in the horizontal direction, one that completely closes the opening, and one that closes the opening while forming a gap.

  According to the electric shutter opening and closing device according to the present invention, even in the single power supply system, the opening direction and the closing direction of the shutter are switched by switching the rotation direction (forward rotation and reverse rotation) of the motor by the switching means. Can do. Furthermore, since the speed control means for controlling the speed of the motor by switching control that repeatedly turns on and off the motor current of the motor is shared for both the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor, the number of switching elements can be reduced. . Therefore, it can be the only switching element. Since a large number of switching elements do not need to be used in this way, it is possible to avoid or reduce the possibility of erroneous timing for turning on and off the switching elements, and to improve control reliability. In particular, the reliability of control can be improved even when the usage environment is severe. Therefore, it is advantageous for preventing damage to the circuit due to a through current or the like. In addition, the number of switching elements can be reduced, which is advantageous in terms of improved reliability and cost.

  The switching means includes a first relay having a first contact electrically connected to one motor terminal of the motor and a second relay having a second contact electrically connected to the other motor terminal of the motor. A form can be adopted. The first relay performs either one of forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor by conduction between the first contact and the power line, and the second relay performs motor by conduction between the second contact and the power line. It is possible to adopt a mode in which one of the forward rotation and the reverse rotation is executed.

  The speed control means may employ a form having a switching element that repeatedly turns on and off the motor current of the motor. The switching element is shared by both the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor. Thus, if the switching elements are shared for the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor, the number of switching elements can be reduced. A mode in which the switching element is turned on / off after the operation of the first relay and the second relay is set to switch the direction of the motor current flow of the motor can be adopted. In this case, the contact of the first relay and the second relay does not directly perform the on / off switching control of the motor current flowing through the motor, so that the damage to the contact of the first relay and the second relay can be suppressed. The life of the first relay and the second relay can be extended.

  Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. This embodiment is applied to an electric shutter device that opens and closes an opening for entering and exiting a structure. FIG. 1 schematically shows a shutter opening / closing device 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the shutter opening / closing device 1 is provided in a structure such as a house, a building, a factory, a vehicle (including a passenger car, a trailer, a truck, a train), a hull, etc., and an opening through which a person or a vehicle enters and exits. 10 is opened and closed. The shutter opening / closing device 1 has two guide rails 11 that are provided in the opening 10 and run in parallel in the vertical direction, and is opened and closed along the guide rail 11 to open and close the opening and to have a stopper 12a. A shutter 12 as an opening / closing body, a non-rotating support shaft 13 fixed on a horizontal axis provided on the upper side of the guide rail 11, and a plurality of members supported by the support shaft 13 and connected to each other via a connection member (not shown). The rotatable driven wheel 14 (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) for winding the shutter, the rotatable driving wheel 15 (sprocket) spaced from the driven wheel 14a, the driving wheel 15 and the driven wheel 15 An endless transmission member 16 (chain) provided between the moving wheel 14 a and the shutter winding drive device 2 that rotates the driving wheel 15 is provided. The driven wheel 14a has a sprocket shape, and the driven wheels 14b, 14c, and 14d have a disk shape. As shown in FIG. 1, the support shaft 13, the driven wheel 14, the drive wheel 15, the transmission member 16, and the shutter winding drive device 2 are built in the case 1 c.

  The support shaft 13 is equipped with a biasing member 17 formed of a torsion coil spring. The biasing member 17 has a biasing force that biases the shutter 12 upward. The upward biasing force of the biasing member 17 is basically set so as to balance the downward load force due to the weight of the shutter 12. For this reason, when the shutter 12 is opened, the upward biasing force of the biasing member 17 functions as an assisting force, so that the force for lifting and releasing the shutter 12 may be small. As shown in FIG. 1, the shutter winding drive device 2 is disposed along the support shaft 13 at a position separated from the support shaft 13. The diameter of the driven wheel 14 a is set larger than the diameter of the driving wheel 15, and the number of teeth of the driven wheel 14 a is set larger than the number of teeth of the driving wheel 15. For this reason, the speed reduction mechanism 19 is comprised by the driven wheel 14a, the drive wheel 15, and the transmission member 16, and the raising / lowering speed of the shutter 12 can be decelerated.

  The shutter winding drive device 2 includes a motor 20 (see FIG. 2) as a drive unit that opens and closes the shutter 12. The motor 20 is a direct current motor. Further, a motor drive circuit 22 for driving the motor 20 is provided. As shown in FIG. 2, the motor drive circuit 22 controls the speed of the motor 20 connected in series to the motor 20 and the switching means 3 that switches the operating direction of the shutter 12 by switching the rotation direction of the motor 20. Speed control means 4. The speed control unit 4 performs switching control that repeatedly turns on and off the motor current of the motor 20, and is shared by the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor 20.

  The motor drive circuit 22 will be described below. As shown in FIG. 2, the switching means 3 switches the rotation direction of the motor 20, and includes a first relay 31 for forward rotation that functions as the first switching means and a reverse rotation function that functions as the second switching means. The second relay 32 is used. The first relay 31 is a contact type, and includes a first contact 31a connected to one motor terminal of the motor 20, a contact 31b connected to the power line 50, a contact 31c connected to the drain D of the switching element 40, a contact 31b, And a movable contact piece 31d for switching the contact point 31c. The second relay 32 is a contact type, and includes a second contact 32 a connected to the other motor terminal of the motor 20, a contact 32 b connected to the power line 50, a contact 32 c connected to the drain D of the switching element 40, and a contact 32b and a movable contact piece 32d for switching the contact point 32c. The first relay 31 performs either one of forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor 20 by connecting the first contact 31a on the motor 20 side and the contact 31b on the power supply line 50 side. The second relay 32 conducts either the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the motor 20 by conducting the second contact 32a on the motor 20 side and the contact 32b on the power supply line 50 side.

  The speed control means 4 is for switching control (duty control) of the motor 20 by turning on and off the motor current flowing through the motor 20, and is composed of only one (one) switching element 40 (semiconductor switching element). . The switching element 40 is an FET. This switching element 40 is shared by both the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor 20. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the drain D of the switching element 40 is connected in parallel to the contact 31 c of the first relay 31 and the contact 32 c of the second relay 32. The gate G of the switching element 40 is connected to the PWM signal generation circuit 55. A PWM pulse signal S 1 is input from the PWM signal generation circuit 55 to the gate G of the switching element 40. When the PWM pulse signal S1 is Hi, the switching element 40 is turned on, and the drain D and the source S of the switching element 40 are conducted. On the other hand, when the PWM pulse signal S1 is Low, the switching element 40 is turned off, and the drain D and the source S of the switching element 40 are not conductive. As a result, the ON time / (ON time + OFF time) of the switching element 40 is defined, and the motor 20 is duty-controlled. When the required operating speed of the shutter 12 is high, a PWM pulse signal having a high duty ratio is input. When the required operating speed of the shutter 12 is slow, a PWM pulse signal with a low duty ratio is input.

  It is assumed that when the current flows in the direction of the arrow X1 in the motor 20, the rotation is normal (operation in the closing direction of the shutter 12), and when the current flows in the direction of the arrow X2 is reverse rotation (operation in the opening direction of the shutter 12). When the shutter 12 is stopped, as shown in FIG. 2, the movable contact piece 31d of the first relay 31 exists on the contact 31c side, is maintained in a non-conductive state with the contact 31b on the power line 50 side, and The movable contact piece 32d of the second relay 32 exists on the contact 32c side and is maintained in a non-conductive state with the contact 32b on the power supply line 50 side. As a result, the motor 20 is disconnected from the power supply line 50. In the state shown in FIG. 2, a closed circuit that connects the motor terminals of the motor 20 via the first relay 31 and the second relay 32 is formed, and can act as a brake against an external shutter operation. .

  When the motor 20 is rotated forward, as shown in FIG. 3, the movable contact piece 31 d of the first relay 31 is operated, and the first contact 31 a on the motor 20 side and the contact 31 b on the power supply line 50 side are made conductive. In this case, with respect to the second relay 32, the movable contact piece 32d is not operated, and the contact 32b on the power line 50 side and the second contact 32a on the motor 20 side are made non-conductive. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the motor terminal in one direction of the motor 20 is connected to the power line 50 via the first relay 31, and the motor terminal in the other direction of the motor 20 is connected to the second relay 32, point P3, and switching. It is connected to the GND line 51 through the element 40. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3, the current from the power supply line 50 flows in the directions of arrows B1, B2, B3, and B4. That is, the contact 31b of the first relay 31 → the first contact 31a → the motor 20 (Direction of arrow X1) → second contact 32a of second relay 32 → contact 32c → point P3 → switching element 40 in this order.

  Here, according to the present embodiment, after the movable contact piece 31d of the first relay 31 and the movable contact piece 32d of the second relay 32 are switched, the duty ratio according to the requested operation speed of the shutter 12 is obtained. The PWM pulse signal S1 is input from the PWM signal generation circuit 55 to the gate G of the switching element 40. For this reason, the drain D and the source S of the switching element 40 are electrically connected, and the motor 20 rotates forward. In this case, the average current of the motor current flowing through the motor 20 changes depending on the ON time / (ON time + OFF time) of the switching element 40, that is, the duty ratio, and the motor 20 depends on the rotational speed required of the motor 20. Is controlled, and in turn the operating speed of the shutter 12 is controlled.

  When the motor 20 is rotated in the reverse direction, as shown in FIG. 4, the movable contact piece 32d of the second relay 32 is operated, and the contact 32b on the power line 50 side of the second relay 32 and the second contact 32a on the motor 20 side Is made conductive. In this case, the movable contact piece 31d of the first relay 31 is not operated, and the contact 31b on the power line 50 side and the first contact 31a on the motor 20 side are made non-conductive. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the motor terminal in the other direction of the motor 20 is connected to the power supply line 50 via the second relay 32, and the motor terminal in one direction of the motor 20 is connected to the first relay 31, point P2, P3. The point and the switching element 10 are connected to the GND line 51. For this reason, the current from the power supply line 50 flows in the directions of the arrow C1, arrow C2, arrow C3, arrow C4, arrow C5, and arrow C6 shown in FIG. 4, that is, point P1 → contact 32b of the second relay 32 → second. The second contact 32a of the relay 32 → the motor 20 (in the direction of the arrow X2) → the first contact 31a of the first relay 31, the contact 31c → the point P2, the point P3, and the switching element 40.

  Here, according to the present embodiment, after the movable contact piece 31d of the first relay 31 and the movable contact piece 32d of the second relay 32 are switched, the duty ratio according to the operation speed required for the shutter 12 is obtained. The PWM pulse signal S1 is input from the PWM signal generation circuit 55 to the gate G of the switching element 40. For this reason, the drain D and the source S of the switching element 40 are electrically connected, and the motor 20 rotates forward. In this case, the average current of the motor current flowing through the motor 20 changes depending on the ON time / (ON time + OFF time) of the switching element 40, that is, the duty ratio, and the motor 20 depends on the rotational speed required of the motor 20. Is controlled, and in turn the operating speed of the shutter 12 is controlled.

  According to the present embodiment, the diode 57 functioning as a flywheel diode is provided in parallel with the motor 20 between the power supply line 50 and the switching element 40. The diode 57 stores the energy stored in the inductor of the motor 20 when the PWM pulse signal S1 is turned off, that is, when the drain D and the source S of the switching element 40 are not conductive. The electric current is passed through the motor 20 to smooth the motor current. That is, when the switching element 40 is turned off during the forward rotation of the motor 20 (see FIG. 3), the energy stored in the inductor of the motor 20 is used as a current, and the contacts 32a and 32c of the second relay 32 and the diode 57 A current is supplied to the motor 20 from the anode A through the cathode K and further through the contacts 31 b and 31 a of the first relay 31. Further, when the switching element 40 is turned off during reverse rotation of the motor 20 (see FIG. 4), the energy stored in the inductor of the motor 20 is used as a current, and the contacts 31a and 31c of the first relay 31 and the anode of the diode 57 are used. A current is passed from the A to the motor 20 through the cathode K and further through the point P1 and the contacts 32b and 32a of the second relay 32.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the switching operation of the first relay 31 and the second relay 32 while adopting the single power supply method (power supply line 50) as in the conventional H-bridge circuit. Thus, the direction of the motor current of the motor 20 can be switched to switch between the normal rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor 20, and the operating direction of the shutter 12 can be switched. Moreover, unlike the H-bridge circuit using four switching elements, only one (one) switching element 40 is shared in forward rotation and reverse rotation, and the number of switching elements 40 can be reduced. Therefore, unlike an H-bridge circuit that requires four expensive transistors with a large rating, it is possible to prevent a problem that the turn-on and turn-off timings of a plurality of switching elements are shifted, and the control reliability can be improved. Moreover, it is advantageous in terms of cost as compared with the case where a plurality of switching elements are used.

  Further, according to this embodiment, the movable contact piece 31d of the first relay 31 and the movable contact piece 32d of the second relay 32 are in any state, without passing through the motor 20, from the power supply line 50 to the GND line 51. It is possible to prevent a through current from flowing directly through. Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the switching control for turning on and off the motor current employs a system that is performed by the contactless switching element 40. That is, after the movable contact piece 31d of the first relay 31 and the movable contact piece 32d of the second relay 32 are switched, the switching element 40 is subjected to switching control for repeatedly turning on and off the motor current of the motor 20 by the PWM pulse signal S1. The method is adopted. For this reason, according to the present embodiment, the contact pieces 31d and 32d in the contact-type first relay 31 and the second relay 32 do not directly perform switching control for repeatedly turning on and off the motor current, Since switching control is performed by the switching element 40, the number of ON / OFF times of the contact type first relay 31 and the second relay 32 is remarkably reduced, and the life of the first relay 31 and the second relay 32 can be extended. 3 and 4, a closed circuit that connects the motor terminals of the motor 20 via the diode 57 via the first relay 31 and the second relay 32 is formed.

  According to the above description, when the current flows in the direction of the arrow X1 in the motor 20 is defined as forward rotation, and when the current flows in the direction of the arrow X2, reverse rotation is performed. Conversely, when the current flows in the direction of the arrow X2 in the motor 20 May be forward rotation, and may be reverse rotation when flowing in the direction of the arrow X1. According to the above-described embodiment, the FET is adopted as the switching element 40. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an ordinary transistor or IGBT may be used. In short, the switching element 40 can be switched on and off. good. According to the above-described embodiment, the driving force of the motor 20 is transmitted to the driven wheel 14 via the driving wheel 15 and the transmission member 16, but not limited thereto, the driving force of the motor 20 is directly applied to the driven wheel 14. It is good also as a system to transmit to. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications within a range not departing from the gist. The words and phrases described in the embodiments and examples of the invention can be described in the claims even if they are only a part.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to an application for opening and closing a shutter, which is an open / close body mounted on a structure such as a house, a building, a factory, a vehicle (including a passenger car, a trailer, a truck, and a train), and a hull.

It is a perspective view which shows an electric shutter opening / closing apparatus typically. Example 1 It is a circuit diagram of the motor drive circuit in the state when the motor with which the electric shutter opening / closing apparatus is equipped is not operating. Example 1 It is a circuit diagram of the motor drive circuit in the state where the motor equipped in the electric shutter opening and closing device is rotating in one direction. Example 1 It is a circuit diagram of the motor drive circuit in the state where the motor equipped in the electric shutter opening and closing device is rotating in the other direction. Example 1

Explanation of symbols

  1 is an electric shutter opening and closing device, 2 is a shutter winding drive device, 12 is a shutter, 20 is a motor, 22 is a motor drive circuit, 31 is a first relay (switching means), 32 is a second relay (switching means), and 50 is A power supply line, 55 is a PWM signal generating circuit, and 4 is a switching element (speed control means).

Claims (4)

A shutter that can be opened and closed,
A motor that exerts a driving force to open and close the shutter;
In an electric shutter opening and closing device comprising a motor drive circuit for driving the motor,
The motor drive circuit is
Switching means for switching the operating direction of the shutter by switching the rotation direction of the motor;
Speed control means connected in series to the motor and used for forward and reverse rotation of the motor, and for controlling the speed of the motor by switching control for repeatedly turning on and off the motor current of the motor. Electric shutter opening and closing device characterized by. 2. The switching means according to claim 1, wherein the switching means has a first relay having a first contact electrically connected to one motor terminal of the motor and a second contact electrically connected to the other motor terminal of the motor. It consists of two relays,
The first relay performs either one of forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor by conduction between the first contact and a power line.
The electric relay opening and closing device, wherein the second relay performs one of forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor by conduction between the second contact and a power line.   3. The electric shutter opening / closing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the speed control unit includes a switching element that is used to turn on and off a motor current of the motor and is used for forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor. .   4. The electric shutter opening / closing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the motor driving circuit turns on and off the switching element after setting the operation of the first relay and the second relay.

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