JP2005036255A - Method and apparatus for producing composite structure - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing composite structure Download PDF

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JP2005036255A
JP2005036255A JP2003197911A JP2003197911A JP2005036255A JP 2005036255 A JP2005036255 A JP 2005036255A JP 2003197911 A JP2003197911 A JP 2003197911A JP 2003197911 A JP2003197911 A JP 2003197911A JP 2005036255 A JP2005036255 A JP 2005036255A
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fine particles
aerosol
composite structure
plasma
gas
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JP2003197911A
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JP4075716B2 (en
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Hironori Hatono
広典 鳩野
Tomokazu Ito
朋和 伊藤
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Toto Ltd
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Toto Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the strength of a composite structure to be produced and to prevent the intrusion of impurities therein by removing stuck materials on the surface of material particulate powder when producing the composite structure by an aerosol deposition method. <P>SOLUTION: In the case a composite structure is formed by an aerosol deposition method, the surfaces of particulates to be used are cleaned beforehand by plasma irradiation or microwave irradiation, and activation treatment is performed for a long period of time. Successively, the particulates are made into an aerosol, and it is sprayed toward a base material, so that a structure made of the components of the particulates is produced on the base material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基板に吹き付け、微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物をセラミック基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
基材表面に脆性材料を主体とする構造物を形成させる方法として、エアロゾルデポジション法と呼ばれる手法が認知されている。これは脆性材料などの微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルをノズルから基材に向けて噴射し、金属やガラス、セラミックスやプラスチックなどの基材に微粒子を衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃により脆性材料微粒子を変形あるいは破砕させてこれらを接合させ、基材上に微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物をダイレクトで形成させることを特徴としており、特に加熱手段を必要としない常温で構造物が形成可能なプロセスにて、焼成体同等の機械的強度を保有する構造物を得ることができる。この方法に用いられる装置は、基本的にエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生器と、エアロゾルを基材に向けて噴射するノズルとからなり、ノズルの開口よりも大きな面積で構造物を作製する場合には、基材とノズルを相対的に移動・揺動させる位置制御手段を有し、減圧下で作製を行う場合には構造物を形成させるチャンバーと真空ポンプを有し、またエアロゾルを発生させるためのガス発生源を有することが一般的である。
【0003】
エアロゾルデポジション法のプロセス温度は常温であり、微粒子材料の融点より十分に低い温度、すなわち数百℃以下で構造物形成が行われるところにひとつの特徴がある。
【0004】
また使用される微粒子はセラミックスや半導体などの脆性材料を主体とし、異種の脆性材料微粒子を混合させたり、複合させて用いることが可能であり、また一部金属材料や有機物材料などを脆性材料微粒子に混合させたり、脆性材料微粒子表面にコーティングさせて用いることも可能である。これらの場合でも構造物形成の主となるものは脆性材料である。
【0005】
この手法によって形成される構造物において、結晶性の脆性材料微粒子を原料として用いる場合、その構造物の脆性材料部分は、その結晶子サイズが原料微粒子のそれに比べて小さい多結晶体であり、その結晶は実質的に結晶配向性がない場合が多く、脆性材料結晶同士の界面にはガラス層からなる粒界層が実質的に存在しないと言え、さらに構造物の一部は基材表面に食い込むアンカー層を形成することが多いという特徴がある。
【0006】
この方法により形成される構造物は、微粒子同士が圧力によりパッキングされ、物理的な付着で形態を保っている状態のいわゆる圧粉体とは明らかに異なり、十分な強度を保有している。
【0007】
この構造物形成において、脆性材料微粒子が破砕・変形を起していることは、原料として用いる脆性材料微粒子および形成された脆性材料構造物の結晶子サイズをX線回折法で測定することにより判断できる。すなわちエアロゾルデポジション法で形成される構造物の結晶子サイズは、原料微粒子の結晶子サイズよりも小さくなっていることに大きな特徴がある。微粒子が破砕や変形をすることで形成されるずれ面や破面には、もともと内部に存在し別の原子と結合していた原子が剥き出しの状態となった新生面が形成される。この表面エネルギーが高い活性な新生面が、隣接した脆性材料表面や同じく隣接した脆性材料の新生面あるいは基板表面と接合することにより構造物が形成されるものと考えられる。また微粒子の表面に水酸基が程よく存在する場合では、微粒子の衝突時に微粒子同士や微粒子と構造物との間に生じる局部のずり応力により、メカノケミカルな酸塩基脱水反応が起き、これら同士が接合するということも考えられる。外部からの連続した機械的衝撃力の付加は、これらの現象を継続的に発生させ、微粒子の変形、破砕などの繰り返しにより接合の進展、緻密化が行われ、脆性材料構造物が成長するものと考えられる。
【0008】
特許文献1では、超微粒子材料を加速し基板に衝突させて堆積するようにした超微粒子の成膜法において、超微粒子や基板に高速の高エネルギービームを照射することにより超微粒子や基板表面を溶融することなく活性化し、超微粒子と基板もしくは超微粒子相互の結合を促進させ、超微粒子の結晶性を保持したまま緻密で良好な膜物性と基板への良好な密着性を有する堆積物を形成する超微粒子成膜法の提案があり、高エネルギービームとして、イオン、原子、分子ビームや低温プラズマなどが上げられ、超微粒子流にこれら高エネルギービームを照射することが特に述べられている。プラズマ発生装置を使用する場合は、超微粒子流あるいは基板近傍にプラズマ発生電源を設置あるいは超微粒子流発生源と基板との間に設置するとしている。このような手段を用いる効果として、超微粒子や基板の表面に付着した水分子などによる汚染層や酸化物層を除去し、基板に低速で衝突しても、低温状態で超微粒子と基板もしくは超微粒子粒相互の強固な接合を実現し、超微粒子の結晶性を保持して緻密で優れた物性と基板への良好な密着性を有する薄い被膜を形成できることが挙げられている。
【0009】
特許文献2では、エアロゾル中の超微粒子を基板に成膜する成膜装置において、成膜室とエアロゾルを噴射するノズルを持つノズル室との間に隔壁を設け、隔壁には成膜室とノズル室との圧力差を維持しつつノズルから放出される超微粒子を通過させる開口部を有し、また成膜室には基板に向かう超微粒子の飛行を妨げないプラズマ発生手段や高周波誘導コイル、マイクロ波導入窓などを設置させる工夫が挙げられており、超微粒子流にこれらエネルギーを照射して、成膜することが述べられている。これによりたとえばプラズマ発生の場合は、そのプラズマ状態がノズル条件によって大幅に左右される不具合を改善し、独立してプラズマ条件を制御可能とするとしている。
【0010】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−212766号
【特許文献2】
特開2002−263473号
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上のように、微粒子になんらかエネルギー付与手段を与えることで、構造物の特性が向上することが挙げられているが、これらは微粒子表面の不純物の吸着などによる不活性面の存在が、微粒子同士の衝突による破砕や変形にて構造物を形成させるエアロゾルデポジション法にとって、不利に働くと考えられるため、微粒子表面をクリーニングすることで、破砕や変形による内部からの活性な新生面形成のみならず、もともとの微粒子の表面についてもある程度活性にしておき、構造物形成を助長させるという思想に基づいているものと考えられる。
【0012】
しかしながら、従来の技術の場合、高速で微粒子が移動している微粒子流に、たとえばプラズマなどを照射するという特徴上、一粒の微粒子がプラズマにさらされている時間が非常に短く、その微粒子の表面を改質するためには十分でない場合がある。例えば特許文献1で述べられているような超微粒子の速度3〜300m/sの場合、ノズルの開口から基板までの距離を5cmとし、プラズマ照射距離を同じく5cmなどと仮定すると、ある微粒子がプラズマにさらされている時間は0.00017〜0.017秒である。しかもノズルの開口から基板までの距離は数cm程度と短いほど構造物形成の精度や特性にとって有利であることがわかっており、この距離を伸ばしてプラズマ照射時間を延長することも困難である。
【0013】
また、プラズマはある真空度範囲にて安定的に存在できるが、成膜チャンバ内の圧力と、微粒子流の圧力には違いがあり、微粒子流圧力はかなり高い。微粒子流内でプラズマを維持させることが難しいのみならず、成膜チャンバ内で発生させたプラズマ粒子がガスシールドされている微粒子流内に導入されて、その中の超微粒子の表面にアタックする効率は悪いものと考えられる。この不具合を改善するために特許文献2にあるような、微粒子流内のガス圧を低下させる工夫が取られるわけであるが、装置構成として、ノズルから基板までの距離を大きくとらざるを得ず、従って形成される構造物の精度や特性にとって不利に働くことが考えられ、またノズル室にて真空引きを行うときに、超微粒子もそのガスの流れに影響を受けて方向を転じ、結局ノズルに衝突する微粒子の量を減じてしまうという不具合がある。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこでこのような問題を解決するために、本発明においては、脆性材料の微粒子に減圧雰囲気にてプラズマ照射またはマイクロ波照射などのエネルギー照射を行う工程と、次いでこのエネルギー照射を行った脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、エアロゾルを基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる工程からなる複合構造物の作製方法を提案する。
【0015】
ここでまず、本件で使用する語句の説明を以下に行う。
本発明において微粒子とは、一次粒子が緻密質粒子である場合は、粒度分布測定や走査型電子顕微鏡で同定される平均粒径が5μm以下であるものを言う。また一次粒子が衝撃によって破砕しやすい多孔質粒子である場合は、平均粒径が50μm以下であるものを言う。
【0016】
本発明においてエアロゾルとは、ヘリウム、窒素、アルゴン、酸素、乾燥空気、これらの混合ガスなどのガス中に前述の微粒子を分散させたものであり、一次粒子が分散している状態が望ましいが、通常はこの一次粒子が凝集した凝集粒を含む。エアロゾルのガス圧力と温度は任意であるが、ガス中の微粒子の濃度は、ガス圧を1気圧、温度を20℃と換算した場合に、ノズルから噴射される時点において0.0003mL/L〜0.06mL/Lの範囲内であることが構造物の形成にとって望ましい。
【0017】
プラズマなどのエネルギーを照射する工程を、エアロゾルデポジション法による構造物作製工程にて行うのではなく、事前に行っておき、その後大気など不純物成分が存在している環境に触れさせることなく、できるだけ速やかにエアロゾルデポジション工程へ持っていき、構造物形成を行う。従ってエネルギー照射時間は任意であり、微粒子の表面クリーニングを十分に行うことができる。さらにエネルギー照射工程中で真空引きなど排気処理を行うことで、不純物を系外へ排出することができ、微粒子表面にこれらが再付着する不具合がなくなる。またプラズマ発生中のガス雰囲気やガス圧も任意に設定することができるため、その効率を向上させることが容易である。
【0018】
また本発明においては、脆性材料の微粒子に減圧雰囲気にてプラズマ照射またはマイクロ波照射などのエネルギー照射を行う工程と、次いでこのエネルギー照射を行った脆性材料の微粒子に水蒸気を暴露させて微粒子表面に化学吸着水層を形成させる工程と、次いでこの化学吸着水層形成をおこなった微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、エアロゾルを基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を基材上に形成させる工程からなる複合構造物の作製方法を提案する。
【0019】
一般に微粒子などに吸着している水分を大きく分けると物理吸着水と化学吸着水に分けられ、化学吸着水とは、ここでは微粒子の表面水酸基、および微粒子の表面水酸基や微粒子が酸化物である場合はその酸素原子と水素結合により強固に結合している水分子のことを指すが、本件においては微粒子に吸着している水分のうち、180℃以上で微粒子表面より離脱する水分のことを指す。
【0020】
微粒子表面には、物理吸着水や化学吸着水、有機物やその他の不純物が付着していることが考えられ、プラズマを十分照射することが達成されれば、これらをほぼすべて除去することになる。水分に関して言えば、物理吸着水の存在は、構造物の形成を阻害し、形成速度を低下させ、また構造物の特性をも劣化させることがわかっている。一方、物理吸着水を除去して、化学吸着水のみを選択的に存在させた微粒子を用いて構造物形成を行った場合、化学吸着水をも除去した微粒子を用いて構造物形成を行った場合に比べて、機械的特性は少しばかり落ちるものの、構造物形成速度が大きくなることもわかっている。これは上述したように、微粒子の表面に化学吸着水が存在する場合では、微粒子の衝突時に微粒子同士や微粒子と構造物との間に生じる局部のずり応力により、メカノケミカルな酸塩基脱水反応が起き、これら同士が接合することで構造物化が起こるためと考えられる。従って、構造物形成速度を重視する場合には、プラズマ照射処理でほぼすべての不純物を除去した後に化学吸着水層を選択的に形成させる処理を行って、その後エアロゾルデポジション法による構造物形成工程へと持っていくことが好適である。この場合でも、有機物などの不純物は除去されているため、特性の劣化は最低限に抑えられる。
【0021】
また以上のエネルギー照射を行う工程において、エネルギー照射中に脆性材料の微粒子を攪拌、振動、飛散の内少なくとも1つ以上をさせることを提案する。
【0022】
これらの操作を行うことで、例えばプラズマ発生空間中に微粒子を効率よく暴露することが可能となり、短時間で微粒子表面のクリーニングが達成でき好適である。
【0023】
以上の工程を満足させるための複合構造物作製装置としては、エネルギー照射手段として、プラズマを用いる場合においては、脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、エアロゾルを基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、微粒子を収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される前記微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルとを有し、前記収容容器内部でプラズマを起さしめるプラズマ発生手段が設置されている複合構造物作製装置が提案できる。
【0024】
また脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、プラズマ発生手段を有し微粒子にプラズマを照射する粉体プラズマ処理前室と、プラズマ照射された微粒子を前記粉体プラズマ処理前室から移送して収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される前記微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルと、プラズマ照射時に前記粉体プラズマ処理前室と前記収容容器とを切り離し可能とする接続コックを有することを特徴とする複合構造物作製装置が提案できる。
【0025】
本発明においてノズルとは、エアロゾルが通過する空間を持つノズル本体と、エアロゾルを導入するための導入開口と、エアロゾルを噴射させるための導出開口を有する硬質の構成部であり、所望の構造物形態を獲得するために、ノズル本体の空間形状と、導出開口の形状に工夫を持たせて、エアロゾルを整流して噴出状態を制御するものである。
【0026】
収容容器にてプラズマを起さしめる場合は、容器材質は絶縁性のものが望まれるため、単にエアロゾル発生部へ少量ずつ供給するための粉体の収容室とは別個に部屋を設け、ガラスなどの材質で作製したプラズマ照射室を設けることが考えられる。プラズマ照射中は、微粒子表面へのプラズマ粒子の衝突の効率を向上させるために、微粒子をプラズマ中で舞い上がらせるなどの工夫を施すとよい。
【0027】
プラズマ照射中に振動などを与える場合は、これに適するように、ガラス容器などでできた粉体プラズマ処理前室を収容容器から切り離し可能な状態としておき、プラズマ処理中は切り離して使用し、処理後にこれを収容容器に接続して、収容容器側へ処理済粉体を移送させて、次のエアロゾルデポジション工程へもっていくことが好適である。この場合は、粉体プラズマ処理前室には大気との遮断ができるコックを設け、収容容器に接続後、収容容器内を減圧してのちコックをひらき、粉体を移送させることで、大気に触れさせることなく次の工程へ持っていくようにするとよい。
【0028】
またエネルギー照射手段として、マイクロ波照射を選択する場合には、脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、エアロゾルを基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、微粒子を収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルを有し、収容容器にはマイクロ波発生手段が設置されている複合構造物作製装置が提案できる。
【0029】
あるいは脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、マイクロ波発生手段を有し微粒子にマイクロ波を照射する粉体マイクロ波処理前室と、マイクロ波照射された微粒子を前記粉体マイクロ波処理前室から移送して収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される前記微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルと、マイクロ波照射時に前記粉体マイクロ波処理前室と前記収容容器とを切り離し可能とする接続コックを有することを特徴とする複合構造物作製装置が提案できる。
【0030】
マイクロ波照射は、セラミック微粒子などの誘電体に作用し、微粒子そのものを直接加熱することができる。微粒子温度を真空中などで加熱することで微粒子表面の物理吸着水や有機物などの不純物を蒸発、分解し、微粒子の表面をクリーニングすることができる。このようにして清浄化された微粒子をもってエアロゾルデポジション法にて構造物形成を行うことで、作製される構造物の特性を改善させることが可能となる。
【0031】
これらの装置には、微粒子を攪拌および/または振動および/または飛散させる微粒子揺動機構が設置されると、エネルギー照射の効率が向上するため好適である。
【0032】
また、これらの装置には、微粒子に水分を吸着させる水蒸気発生装置が接続され、微粒子へのエネルギー照射処理で微粒子表面の不純物を除去した後、この微粒子表面に化学吸着水層を形成させる処理を行えば、エアロゾルデポジション法による構造物形成時に、その形成速度を向上させることができ、好適である。
【0033】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。まず本発明の場となるエアロゾルデポジション法における複合構造物作製装置の一態様について説明する。
【0034】
図1は複合構造物作製装置10を示したものであり、窒素ガスボンベ101の先にガス搬送管102を介してエアロゾル発生器103が設置され、その下流側にエアロゾル搬送管104を介して解砕器105が配設され、エアロゾル搬送管106を解して構造物形成室107内に例えば10mm×0.4mmの噴射開口をもつノズル108に接続されている。エアロゾル発生器103内には脆性材料微粒子例えば酸化アルミニウム微粒子粉体が充填されている。ノズル108の開口の先には、XYステージ109に保持された基材110が配置されている。構造物形成室107は真空ポンプ111と接続されている。
【0035】
以下にエアロゾルデポジション法に基づく複合構造物作製装置10の作用を述べる。窒素ガスボンベ101を開栓し、ガスをエアロゾル発生器103内に送り込み、同時にエアロゾル発生器103を運転させて脆性材料微粒子と窒素ガスが適当比で混合されたエアロゾルを発生させる。また真空ポンプ111を稼動させ、エアロゾル発生器103と構造物形成室107の間に差圧を生じさせる。エアロゾルはこの差圧に乗って下流側の解砕器105内に導入され、含まれる凝集粒が解砕され、一次粒子が多く存在するエアロゾルへと変換される。このエアロゾルをエアロゾル搬送管106を通して加速させ、ノズル108より基材110に向けて噴射する。基材110はXYステージ109により揺動され、エアロゾル衝突位置を変化させつつ、微粒子の衝突により基材110上に膜状の脆性材料構造物が形成されていく。
【0036】
次に本発明における複合構造物作製装置の実施の一態様について述べる。図2は、図1で示した複合構造物作製装置のうち、エアロゾル発生器に該当する部分において、本発明の要件を備えた装置2である。装置2は、図示しないガスボンベとガス搬送管201で接続され、図示しない解砕器にエアロゾル搬送管202で接続がとられている。ガス搬送管201とエアロゾル搬送管202はガス中に微粒子を分散させるエアロゾル発生部203に接続されている。エアロゾル発生部203には粉体収容容器204が配設され、その上部にガラス製の粉体プラズマ処理室205が設置され、これらは開閉可能なコック206で仕切られている。粉体プラズマ処理室205内にはプラズマ照射すべきセラミックスの微粒子粉体207が内蔵され、ここに攪拌器208が内挿される。粉体プラズマ処理室205の外部にはこれを挟んで対抗するようにプラズマ発生電極209が二枚設置され、プラズマ発生用電源210に接続される。また粉体プラズマ処理室205にはガス供給管211により酸素ガスボンベ212と接続され、また排気管213により真空ポンプ214と接続される。
【0037】
以上の構成からなる装置2の作用と効果について述べる。セラミック微粒子粉体207が充填された状態で真空ポンプ214を稼動させて粉体プラズマ処理室205内部を真空状態にして、粉体に吸着している余分な物理吸着水の多くを予め除去する。続いて真空ポンプからの排気量を調整しつつ酸素ガスボンベ212を開栓して粉体プラズマ処理室205内を、プラズマを発生させるに適当な酸素ガス圧に設定する。ここでプラズマ発生用電源210をオンにして粉体プラズマ処理室205内で酸素プラズマを発生させつつ、攪拌器208を運転させて、セラミックの微粒子粉体207を攪拌、飛散させる。このようにして微粒子の表面に付着する残存水分を除去したり、有機物を酸素プラズマにより分解して排除するなど、表面吸着物を除去して表面活性化処理を行う。これらの吸着物は、真空ポンプ214により系外に排出される。一定時間の処理ののち、プラズマ発生を終了させ、酸素ガスボンベ212からのガスの供給を停止し、真空ポンプ214を停止させる。続いて予め粉体収容用器204を減圧状態にして大気成分と触れることを防止しつつ、コック206を開栓し、微粒子粉体207を粉体収容容器側へ落とし込む。続いて図示しないガスボンベからたとえば窒素ガスなどを導入しつつエアロゾル発生部203を稼動させて、粉体収容容器204から微粒子粉体207を取り込みつつ窒素ガスと混合させてエアロゾルを発生させ、図示しない解砕器、さらにはノズルへと搬送させ、前述したような複合構造物作製工程に準じて構造物の作製を行う。図中の矢印はガスあるいはエアロゾルの流れを示している。
【0038】
ここで、プラズマ処理を行ったセラミック微粒子は、表面がクリーニングされて活性な状態となっており、そのまま構造物形成工程へ持ち込まれ、構造物の形成に使用されるため、構造物中には、もともと粉体表面に存在していた不純物が混入することがなく、また活性な表面同士の衝突により、強固な結合が達成され、品質に優れた構造物が形成される。ここでプラズマ処理用のガスは任意である。酸素を使用する場合は、活性な酸素イオンを作製することができるため、有機物の排除に有効である。ヘリウムなどでも、プラズマ化により微粒子表面へのスパッタ効果でクリーニングを行うことができる。また図2ではプラズマ発生電極209を粉体プラズマ処理室205の外部に設置したが、これを処理室の内部に設置することも可能である。電極の形状も任意であり、プラズマの種類も高周波プラズマやDCグロー放電プラズマなど任意である。
【0039】
また、粉体へのプラズマ照射を行った後に、酸素ガスボンベ212を蒸気発生装置に交換して、粉体を攪拌しつつ粉体プラズマ処理室205内に水蒸気を導入して、クリーニング後の微粒子粉体207の表面に化学吸着水層を形成させることも考えられる。化学吸着水層の形成により、次のエアロゾルデポジション法工程における構造物の形成速度を向上させる効果が期待される。通常は物理吸着水までもが微粒子表面に形成されてしまうため、一度水蒸気を導入して水分吸着を行った後、粉体プラズマ処理室205を真空引きして、余分な物理吸着水のみ排除することが好適である。
【0040】
図3は、粉体プラズマ処理前室を有する装置の実施の一態様である。図3のaでは、ガラス製の粉体プラズマ処理前室301内にセラミックの微粒子粉体302を内蔵させ、これを振動装置303に設置する。粉体プラズマ処理前室301の外部にプラズマ発生電極304を設置し、これはプラズマ発生用電源305に連結されている。粉体プラズマ処理前室301には開閉可能なコック306が設けられ、またヘリウムガスボンベ307がガス供給管308によって、真空ポンプ309が排気管310によって接続されている。
【0041】
図3のbは、プラズマ照射後に粉体プラズマ処理前室301をスライドさせて粉体収容容器311へと連結した場合の図であり、粉体収容容器311の上部にコック306を挟んで粉体プラズマ処理前室301が接続されている。粉体収容容器311はエアロゾル発生部312が接続され、これには図示しないヘリウムガスボンベとガス搬送管313と連結し、図示しない解砕器とエアロゾル搬送管314と連結している。
【0042】
以上の構成からなる装置の作用について述べる。まず図3のaにあるように、コック306を閉栓して真空ポンプ309を稼動させ、粉体プラズマ処理前室301内を真空状態にして、微粒子粉体302の乾燥を行う。続いて真空ポンプ309を停止し、ヘリウムガスボンベ307を開栓して、ヘリウムを粉体プラズマ処理前室301内に送り込み、プラズマを発生させるに適当なガス圧とする。続いてプラズマ発生用電源305をオンにして粉体プラズマ処理容器301内でヘリウムプラズマを発生させ、同時に振動装置303を稼動させて、粉体プラズマ処理前室301に振動を与えて内部の微粒子粉体302を攪拌、飛散させる。このようにして微粒子の表面に付着する残存水分を除去したり、有機物を排除するなど、表面吸着物を除去して表面活性化処理を行う。一定時間の処理ののち、プラズマ発生を終了させ、真空ポンプ309を運転させ、粉体プラズマ処理前室301内を真空状態とする。続いて図3のbにあるように、振動装置303を粉体プラズマ処理前室301から切り離して、粉体プラズマ処理前室301をスライドさせて粉体収容容器311に接続する。コック306を閉じたままで粉体収容用器311を減圧状態にして大気成分と触れることを防止しつつ、続いてコック306を開栓し、微粒子粉体302を粉体収容容器311側へ落とし込む。続いて図示しないガスボンベからたとえばヘリウムガスなどを導入しつつエアロゾル発生部312を稼動させて、粉体収容容器311から微粒子粉体302を取り込みつつヘリウムガスと混合させてエアロゾルを発生させ、図示しない解砕器、さらにはノズルへと搬送させ、前述したような複合構造物作製工程に準じて構造物の作製を行う。図中の矢印はガスあるいはエアロゾルの流れを示している。
【0043】
本発明における複合構造物作製装置の、別の実施の一態様について述べる。図4は、図1で示した複合構造物作製装置のうち、エアロゾル発生器に該当する部分において、本発明の要件を備えた装置4である。装置4は、図示しないガスボンベとガス搬送管401で接続され、図示しない解砕器にエアロゾル搬送管402で接続がとられている。ガス搬送管401とエアロゾル搬送管402はガス中に微粒子を分散させるエアロゾル発生部403に接続されている。エアロゾル発生部403には粉体収容容器404が配設され、その上部に粉体マイクロ波処理室405が設置され、これらは開閉可能なコック406で仕切られている。粉体マイクロ波処理室405内にはマイクロ波照射すべきセラミックスの微粒子粉体407が内蔵される。粉体マイクロ波処理室405にはマイクロ波発生装置408が設置される。また粉体マイクロ波処理室405には排気管409により真空ポンプ410と接続される。
【0044】
以上の構成からなる装置4の作用と効果について述べる。セラミック微粒子粉体407が充填された状態で真空ポンプ410を稼動させて粉体マイクロ波処理室405内部を減圧状態にし、続いて、マイクロ波発生装置を稼動させて粉体にマイクロ波照射を行う。このようにして微粒子の表面を加熱し、表面に付着する残存水分を除去したり、有機物を分解して排除するなど、表面吸着物を除去して表面活性化処理を行う。これらの吸着物は、真空ポンプ410により系外に排出される。一定時間の処理ののち、マイクロ波照射処理を終了させ、真空ポンプ410を停止させる。続いて予め粉体収容用器404を減圧状態にして大気成分と触れることを防止しつつ、コック406を開栓し、微粒子粉体407を粉体収容容器側へ落とし込む。続いて図示しないガスボンベからたとえば窒素ガスなどを導入しつつエアロゾル発生部403を稼動させて、粉体収容容器404から微粒子粉体407を取り込みつつ窒素ガスと混合させてエアロゾルを発生させ、図示しない解砕器、さらにはノズルへと搬送させ、前述したような複合構造物作製工程に準じて構造物の作製を行う。図中の矢印はガスあるいはエアロゾルの流れを示している。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように本発明によれば、エアロゾルデポジション法によって複合構造物を形成させる場合に、プラズマ照射やマイクロ波照射により使用する微粒子の表面を予めクリーニングし、時間をかけて活性化処理することができ、引き続いて複合構造物を作製することで、活性な微粒子同士を衝突させられるため、微粒子の結合を強固にすることができ、構造物中に不純物が混在することを防止できる。従って高品質の構造物を形成することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】エアロゾルデポジション法で用いる複合構造物作製装置を示す模式図
【図2】本発明に係る複合構造物作製装置のプラズマ処理、エアロゾル発生部を示す模式図
【図3】本発明に係る複合構造物作製装置のプラズマ処理、エアロゾル発生部を示す模式図
【図4】本発明に係る複合構造物作製装置のマイクロ波処理、エアロゾル発生部を示す模式図
【符号の説明】
10・・・複合構造物作製装置
101・・・窒素ガスボンベ
102・・・ガス搬送管
103・・・エアロゾル発生器
104・・・エアロゾル搬送管
105・・・解砕器
106・・・エアロゾル搬送管
107・・・構造物形成室
108・・・ノズル
109・・・ステージ
110・・・基材
111・・・真空ポンプ
2・・・装置
201・・・ガス搬送管
202・・・エアロゾル搬送管
203・・・エアロゾル発生部
204・・・粉体収容容器
205・・・粉体プラズマ処理室
206・・・コック
207・・・微粒子粉体
208・・・攪拌器
209・・・プラズマ発生電極
210・・・プラズマ発生用電源
211・・・ガス供給管
212・・・酸素ガスボンベ
213・・・排気管
214・・・真空ポンプ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composite structure manufacturing method in which an aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed on a substrate to form a structure made of the constituent material of the fine particles on a ceramic substrate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for forming a structure mainly composed of a brittle material on the surface of a substrate, a technique called an aerosol deposition method has been recognized. This is because an aerosol in which fine particles such as brittle materials are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from the nozzle toward the base material, and the fine particles collide with the base material such as metal, glass, ceramics, and plastic. It is characterized in that the fine particles are deformed or crushed and joined together to directly form the structure made of the constituent material of the fine particles on the base material, and the structure can be formed especially at room temperature that does not require heating means. In the process, a structure having mechanical strength equivalent to the fired body can be obtained. The apparatus used in this method basically consists of an aerosol generator for generating aerosol and a nozzle for injecting the aerosol toward the base material. When a structure is produced with a larger area than the opening of the nozzle, In addition, it has a position control means that moves and swings the base material and the nozzle relative to each other, and has a chamber and a vacuum pump for forming a structure when producing under reduced pressure, and also generates aerosol It is common to have a gas source.
[0003]
The process temperature of the aerosol deposition method is room temperature, and one feature is that the structure is formed at a temperature sufficiently lower than the melting point of the particulate material, that is, several hundred degrees C. or less.
[0004]
The fine particles used are mainly brittle materials such as ceramics and semiconductors, and can be used by mixing or combining different types of fine particles of brittle materials. It is also possible to mix them with each other or to coat the surface of the brittle material fine particles. Even in these cases, the main component of structure formation is a brittle material.
[0005]
In a structure formed by this method, when crystalline brittle material fine particles are used as a raw material, the brittle material portion of the structure is a polycrystalline body whose crystallite size is smaller than that of the raw material fine particles, In many cases, crystals have substantially no crystal orientation, and it can be said that there is substantially no grain boundary layer composed of a glass layer at the interface between brittle material crystals, and part of the structure bites into the substrate surface. The anchor layer is often formed.
[0006]
The structure formed by this method clearly has a sufficient strength unlike a so-called green compact in which fine particles are packed by pressure and keeps a form by physical adhesion.
[0007]
In this structure formation, the brittle material fine particles are crushed and deformed by measuring the brittle material fine particles used as a raw material and the crystallite size of the formed brittle material structure by X-ray diffraction. it can. That is, the crystallite size of the structure formed by the aerosol deposition method is greatly characterized by being smaller than the crystallite size of the raw material fine particles. A new surface in which atoms originally present inside and bonded to other atoms are exposed is formed on the slip surface or fracture surface formed by crushing or deforming fine particles. This active new surface having a high surface energy is considered to be formed by joining the surface of the adjacent brittle material, the new surface of the adjacent brittle material, or the substrate surface. In addition, when hydroxyl groups are present on the surface of the fine particles moderately, a mechanochemical acid-base dehydration reaction occurs due to local shear stress generated between the fine particles and between the fine particles and the structure when the fine particles collide with each other. It can be considered. The addition of continuous mechanical impact force from the outside causes these phenomena to occur continuously, and the progress and densification of joints are performed by repeated deformation and crushing of fine particles, and brittle material structures grow. it is conceivable that.
[0008]
In Patent Document 1, in an ultrafine particle film forming method in which an ultrafine particle material is accelerated and collides with a substrate to deposit, the ultrafine particle or the substrate surface is irradiated by irradiating the ultrafine particle or the substrate with a high-speed high-energy beam. Activates without melting, promotes bonding between ultrafine particles and substrate or ultrafine particles, and forms deposits with dense and good film properties and good adhesion to the substrate while maintaining the ultrafine particle crystallinity There is a proposal of a method for forming ultrafine particles, and it is particularly stated that ions, atoms, molecular beams, low-temperature plasma, etc. are raised as high energy beams, and these high energy beams are irradiated to the ultrafine particle flow. When a plasma generator is used, a plasma generation power source is installed in the vicinity of the ultrafine particle flow or the substrate, or is installed between the ultrafine particle flow generation source and the substrate. As an effect of using such means, the contamination layer or oxide layer due to ultrafine particles or water molecules attached to the surface of the substrate is removed, and even if it collides with the substrate at a low speed, the ultrafine particles and the substrate or It is mentioned that it is possible to realize strong bonding between fine particles, and to form a thin film having fine and excellent physical properties and good adhesion to a substrate while maintaining the crystallinity of ultrafine particles.
[0009]
In Patent Document 2, in a film forming apparatus for forming ultrafine particles in an aerosol on a substrate, a partition is provided between the film formation chamber and a nozzle chamber having a nozzle for injecting aerosol, and the partition includes a film formation chamber and a nozzle. It has an opening that allows ultrafine particles emitted from the nozzle to pass while maintaining the pressure difference from the chamber, and the film forming chamber has plasma generation means, high-frequency induction coils, and micros that do not hinder the flight of ultrafine particles toward the substrate. There is a contrivance to install a wave introduction window or the like, and it is described that a film is formed by irradiating these energies with an ultrafine particle flow. Thus, for example, in the case of plasma generation, the problem that the plasma state is greatly influenced by the nozzle condition is improved, and the plasma condition can be controlled independently.
[0010]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-212766
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-263473 A
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, it is mentioned that the characteristics of the structure can be improved by applying some energy imparting means to the fine particles. However, the presence of an inert surface due to adsorption of impurities on the fine particle surface is considered to be Since it is considered to be disadvantageous for the aerosol deposition method in which structures are formed by crushing and deformation due to collision between each other, cleaning the surface of fine particles not only forms an active new surface from the inside by crushing and deformation It is considered that the surface of the original fine particles is also activated to some extent and promotes the formation of the structure.
[0012]
However, in the case of the prior art, due to the feature that, for example, plasma is irradiated on a fine particle stream in which fine particles are moving at high speed, the time during which one particle is exposed to plasma is very short. It may not be sufficient to modify the surface. For example, in the case of an ultrafine particle speed of 3 to 300 m / s as described in Patent Document 1, assuming that the distance from the nozzle opening to the substrate is 5 cm and the plasma irradiation distance is also 5 cm, a certain fine particle is plasma. The exposure time is 0.00017 to 0.017 seconds. Moreover, it has been found that the shorter the distance from the nozzle opening to the substrate is about several centimeters, the more advantageous is the accuracy and characteristics of structure formation, and it is difficult to extend the plasma irradiation time by increasing this distance.
[0013]
Further, plasma can exist stably in a certain vacuum range, but there is a difference between the pressure in the film forming chamber and the pressure of the fine particle flow, and the fine particle flow pressure is quite high. Not only is it difficult to maintain the plasma in the particle flow, but also the efficiency with which the plasma particles generated in the deposition chamber are introduced into the gas-shielded particle flow and attack the surface of the ultrafine particles in it. Is considered bad. In order to remedy this problem, a device for lowering the gas pressure in the fine particle flow as in Patent Document 2 is taken, but as a device configuration, the distance from the nozzle to the substrate must be increased. Therefore, it may be disadvantageous for the accuracy and characteristics of the structure to be formed, and when vacuuming is performed in the nozzle chamber, the ultrafine particles are also affected by the gas flow, and the direction is changed. There is a problem that the amount of fine particles that collide with the surface is reduced.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, in the present invention, the fine particle of the brittle material is irradiated with energy such as plasma irradiation or microwave irradiation in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, and then the brittle material subjected to this energy irradiation An aerosol in which fine particles are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward the substrate, and the aerosol collides with the substrate surface. A method for producing a composite structure comprising a step of forming a structure on the substrate is proposed.
[0015]
Here, first, the words and phrases used in this case will be described below.
In the present invention, the fine particles mean particles having an average particle size of 5 μm or less identified by particle size distribution measurement or a scanning electron microscope when the primary particles are dense particles. In addition, when the primary particles are porous particles that are easily crushed by impact, the average particle diameter is 50 μm or less.
[0016]
In the present invention, the aerosol is a dispersion of the aforementioned fine particles in a gas such as helium, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, dry air, or a mixed gas thereof, and it is desirable that the primary particles are dispersed, Usually, the primary particles include aggregated particles. The gas pressure and temperature of the aerosol are arbitrary, but the concentration of fine particles in the gas is 0.0003 mL / L to 0 at the time of injection from the nozzle when the gas pressure is converted to 1 atm and the temperature is converted to 20 ° C. It is desirable for structure formation to be in the range of .06 mL / L.
[0017]
The process of irradiating energy such as plasma is not performed in the structure manufacturing process by the aerosol deposition method, but is performed in advance, and then, as much as possible without touching the environment where impurity components such as the atmosphere exist. Promptly take it to the aerosol deposition process to form the structure. Therefore, the energy irradiation time is arbitrary, and the surface cleaning of the fine particles can be sufficiently performed. Further, by performing exhaust treatment such as evacuation in the energy irradiation process, impurities can be discharged out of the system, and there is no problem of reattaching them to the surface of the fine particles. Moreover, since the gas atmosphere and gas pressure during plasma generation can also be set arbitrarily, it is easy to improve the efficiency.
[0018]
In the present invention, the fine particles of the brittle material are subjected to energy irradiation such as plasma irradiation or microwave irradiation in a reduced pressure atmosphere, and then, the fine particles of the brittle material subjected to the energy irradiation are exposed to water vapor on the surface of the fine particles. A step of forming a chemisorbed water layer, and then, an aerosol in which the fine particles that have formed the chemisorbed water layer are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward the base material, and the aerosol collides with the substrate surface. We propose a method for producing a composite structure comprising the steps of crushing, deforming and joining fine particles by impact of a collision to form a structure made of a constituent material of fine particles on a substrate.
[0019]
In general, the water adsorbed on fine particles can be roughly divided into physically adsorbed water and chemically adsorbed water. Here, chemically adsorbed water refers to the surface hydroxyl groups of fine particles, and the surface hydroxyl groups and fine particles of fine particles are oxides. Indicates a water molecule that is strongly bonded to the oxygen atom by a hydrogen bond. In this case, among water adsorbed on the fine particles, it refers to water that is detached from the surface of the fine particles at 180 ° C. or higher.
[0020]
It is conceivable that physically adsorbed water, chemically adsorbed water, organic matter and other impurities are attached to the surface of the fine particles, and if sufficient irradiation with plasma is achieved, almost all of these will be removed. In terms of moisture, the presence of physisorbed water has been found to hinder formation of the structure, reduce the rate of formation, and degrade the properties of the structure. On the other hand, when the structure was formed using fine particles from which only the chemically adsorbed water was present after removing the physically adsorbed water, the structure was formed using the fine particles from which the chemically adsorbed water was also removed. It has also been found that the structure formation rate is increased, although the mechanical properties are slightly reduced compared to the case. As described above, when chemically adsorbed water is present on the surface of the fine particles, the mechanochemical acid-base dehydration reaction is caused by local shear stress generated between the fine particles or between the fine particles and the structure when the fine particles collide. This is thought to be due to the fact that these materials are joined together to form a structure. Therefore, when importance is attached to the structure formation speed, a process for selectively forming a chemically adsorbed water layer is performed after removing almost all impurities by the plasma irradiation process, and then the structure formation process by the aerosol deposition method is performed. It is preferable to take it. Even in this case, since impurities such as organic substances are removed, the deterioration of characteristics can be minimized.
[0021]
Further, in the above-described energy irradiation process, it is proposed that the fine particles of the brittle material are subjected to at least one of stirring, vibration, and scattering during the energy irradiation.
[0022]
By performing these operations, for example, the fine particles can be efficiently exposed to the plasma generation space, and cleaning of the fine particle surface can be achieved in a short time.
[0023]
In the case of using plasma as an energy irradiation means for a composite structure manufacturing apparatus for satisfying the above steps, an aerosol in which fine particles of brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward a base material. A composite structure manufacturing apparatus for causing an aerosol to collide with a substrate surface, crushing and deforming the particles by the impact of the collision, joining them, and forming a structure composed of the constituent material of the particles on the substrate. A container for containing the gas, an aerosol generating unit for generating an aerosol by mixing the fine particles supplied to the container and supplied from the container, and a nozzle for injecting the generated aerosol. A composite structure manufacturing apparatus in which plasma generating means for generating plasma inside the container is installed can be proposed.
[0024]
Further, an aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward a base material, the aerosol is made to collide with the surface of the substrate, and the fine particles are crushed and deformed by the impact of the collision to be joined. An apparatus for producing a composite structure for forming a structure made of a constituent material of the fine particles on the base material, and having a plasma generating means for irradiating the fine particles with plasma, and a plasma irradiation chamber. A storage container for transferring and storing the fine particles from the chamber before the powder plasma processing, an aerosol generating unit connected to the storage container and mixing the fine particles supplied from the storage container with a gas to generate an aerosol, and A nozzle for injecting the sprayed aerosol, and a connection cock that makes it possible to separate the chamber before powder plasma processing and the container when plasma is irradiated DOO be proposed composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to claim.
[0025]
In the present invention, the nozzle is a hard component having a nozzle body having a space through which an aerosol passes, an introduction opening for introducing the aerosol, and a lead-out opening for injecting the aerosol. In order to acquire the above, the shape of the space of the nozzle body and the shape of the outlet opening are devised to rectify the aerosol and control the ejection state.
[0026]
When plasma is generated in the storage container, the container material is preferably insulative, so a separate chamber is provided separately from the powder storage chamber for supplying small amounts to the aerosol generation unit, such as glass. It is conceivable to provide a plasma irradiation chamber made of the above material. During the plasma irradiation, in order to improve the efficiency of the collision of the plasma particles with the surface of the fine particles, it is advisable to take measures such as causing the fine particles to rise in the plasma.
[0027]
When vibration is applied during plasma irradiation, the powder plasma processing chamber made of glass container or the like should be separated from the storage container so that it is suitable for this, and should be used separately during plasma processing. It is preferable that this is connected to the storage container later, and the processed powder is transferred to the storage container side to be taken to the next aerosol deposition step. In this case, a cock that can shut off from the atmosphere is provided in the chamber before the powder plasma treatment, and after connecting to the storage container, the interior of the storage container is decompressed, then the cock is opened, and the powder is transferred to the atmosphere. Take it to the next process without touching it.
[0028]
When microwave irradiation is selected as the energy irradiation means, an aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward the substrate, and the aerosol collides with the substrate surface. A composite structure manufacturing apparatus for forming a structure made of a constituent material of fine particles on a base material by crushing, deforming and joining the fine particles by the impact of the container, and a container for containing the fine particles, and connected to the container A composite structure having an aerosol generation unit for generating aerosol by mixing fine particles supplied from the storage container with a gas, and a nozzle for injecting the generated aerosol, the microwave generation means being installed in the storage container A manufacturing apparatus can be proposed.
[0029]
Alternatively, an aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward a base material, the aerosol is made to collide with the substrate surface, and the fine particles are crushed and deformed by the impact of the collision and joined. An apparatus for producing a composite structure for forming a structure made of a constituent material of the fine particles on the base material, the powder microwave processing front chamber having microwave generation means for irradiating the fine particles with microwaves, A container for transferring and receiving fine particles irradiated with microwaves from the chamber prior to the powder microwave treatment, and an aerosol for generating an aerosol by mixing the fine particles supplied from the container and connected to the containing container with a gas The generation unit, the nozzle for injecting the generated aerosol, and the powder microwave processing front chamber and the container can be separated at the time of microwave irradiation. Composite structure manufacturing apparatus characterized by having a connection cock can be proposed.
[0030]
Microwave irradiation acts on dielectrics such as ceramic fine particles, and can directly heat the fine particles themselves. By heating the fine particle temperature in a vacuum or the like, impurities such as physically adsorbed water and organic substances on the fine particle surface can be evaporated and decomposed to clean the surface of the fine particle. By performing the structure formation by the aerosol deposition method with the fine particles thus cleaned, the characteristics of the structure to be manufactured can be improved.
[0031]
In these apparatuses, it is preferable to install a fine particle rocking mechanism for stirring and / or vibrating and / or scattering fine particles because the efficiency of energy irradiation is improved.
[0032]
In addition, these devices are connected to a water vapor generating device that adsorbs moisture to the fine particles, and after removing impurities on the surface of the fine particles by energy irradiation treatment to the fine particles, a process for forming a chemically adsorbed water layer on the fine particle surface is performed. If this is done, the formation speed can be improved when forming the structure by the aerosol deposition method.
[0033]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, an aspect of the composite structure manufacturing apparatus in the aerosol deposition method as a place of the present invention will be described.
[0034]
FIG. 1 shows a composite structure manufacturing apparatus 10 in which an aerosol generator 103 is installed at the tip of a nitrogen gas cylinder 101 via a gas transport pipe 102 and pulverized via an aerosol transport pipe 104 downstream thereof. A container 105 is disposed and connected to a nozzle 108 having an injection opening of 10 mm × 0.4 mm in the structure forming chamber 107 through the aerosol carrying pipe 106. The aerosol generator 103 is filled with brittle material fine particles, for example, aluminum oxide fine particle powder. A base material 110 held by an XY stage 109 is disposed at the tip of the opening of the nozzle 108. The structure forming chamber 107 is connected to the vacuum pump 111.
[0035]
The operation of the composite structure manufacturing apparatus 10 based on the aerosol deposition method will be described below. The nitrogen gas cylinder 101 is opened, the gas is sent into the aerosol generator 103, and at the same time, the aerosol generator 103 is operated to generate an aerosol in which brittle material fine particles and nitrogen gas are mixed in an appropriate ratio. Further, the vacuum pump 111 is operated to generate a differential pressure between the aerosol generator 103 and the structure forming chamber 107. Aerosol rides on this differential pressure and is introduced into the crusher 105 on the downstream side, and the agglomerates contained therein are crushed and converted into an aerosol containing a large amount of primary particles. This aerosol is accelerated through the aerosol carrier pipe 106 and sprayed from the nozzle 108 toward the substrate 110. The base material 110 is swung by the XY stage 109, and a film-like brittle material structure is formed on the base material 110 by collision of fine particles while changing the aerosol collision position.
[0036]
Next, an embodiment of the composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is an apparatus 2 having the requirements of the present invention in a portion corresponding to the aerosol generator in the composite structure manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. The apparatus 2 is connected to a gas cylinder (not shown) by a gas transport pipe 201 and is connected to a crusher (not shown) by an aerosol transport pipe 202. The gas transport pipe 201 and the aerosol transport pipe 202 are connected to an aerosol generator 203 that disperses fine particles in the gas. The aerosol generating unit 203 is provided with a powder container 204, and a glass powder plasma processing chamber 205 is installed on the upper part, and these are partitioned by a cock 206 that can be opened and closed. In the powder plasma processing chamber 205, a ceramic fine particle powder 207 to be irradiated with plasma is incorporated, and a stirrer 208 is inserted therein. Two plasma generating electrodes 209 are installed outside the powder plasma processing chamber 205 so as to face each other and are connected to a plasma generating power source 210. The powder plasma processing chamber 205 is connected to an oxygen gas cylinder 212 through a gas supply pipe 211 and connected to a vacuum pump 214 through an exhaust pipe 213.
[0037]
The operation and effect of the apparatus 2 having the above configuration will be described. The vacuum pump 214 is operated in a state where the ceramic fine particle powder 207 is filled, and the inside of the powder plasma processing chamber 205 is evacuated to remove much of the extra physical adsorption water adsorbed on the powder in advance. Subsequently, the oxygen gas cylinder 212 is opened while adjusting the exhaust amount from the vacuum pump, and the inside of the powder plasma processing chamber 205 is set to an oxygen gas pressure suitable for generating plasma. Here, the power source 210 for plasma generation is turned on to generate oxygen plasma in the powder plasma processing chamber 205, and the stirrer 208 is operated to stir and scatter the ceramic fine particle powder 207. In this way, the surface activation treatment is performed by removing the surface adsorbed substances, such as removing residual water adhering to the surface of the fine particles, or decomposing and removing organic substances by oxygen plasma. These adsorbed materials are discharged out of the system by the vacuum pump 214. After the treatment for a certain time, the generation of plasma is terminated, the supply of gas from the oxygen gas cylinder 212 is stopped, and the vacuum pump 214 is stopped. Subsequently, the cock 206 is opened while the powder container 204 is in a depressurized state in advance to prevent contact with atmospheric components, and the particulate powder 207 is dropped into the powder container. Subsequently, the aerosol generating unit 203 is operated while introducing, for example, nitrogen gas from a gas cylinder (not shown), and fine particles 207 are taken in from the powder container 204 and mixed with nitrogen gas to generate aerosol. It is conveyed to a crusher and further to a nozzle, and a structure is produced according to the composite structure production process as described above. The arrows in the figure indicate the flow of gas or aerosol.
[0038]
Here, the ceramic fine particles subjected to the plasma treatment are in an active state with the surface being cleaned, and are brought into the structure forming process as they are and used for forming the structure. Impurities originally present on the surface of the powder are not mixed, and the active surfaces collide with each other to achieve strong bonding and form a structure with excellent quality. Here, the gas for plasma processing is arbitrary. When oxygen is used, active oxygen ions can be produced, which is effective for eliminating organic substances. Even with helium or the like, cleaning can be performed by the spattering effect on the surface of the fine particles by plasmatization. In FIG. 2, the plasma generating electrode 209 is installed outside the powder plasma processing chamber 205, but it can also be installed inside the processing chamber. The shape of the electrode is arbitrary, and the type of plasma is arbitrary such as high-frequency plasma or DC glow discharge plasma.
[0039]
After performing plasma irradiation on the powder, the oxygen gas cylinder 212 is replaced with a steam generator, and water vapor is introduced into the powder plasma processing chamber 205 while stirring the powder, so that the fine particle powder after cleaning is cleaned. It is also conceivable to form a chemically adsorbed water layer on the surface of the body 207. The formation of the chemically adsorbed water layer is expected to improve the structure formation speed in the next aerosol deposition method step. Normally, even physically adsorbed water is formed on the surface of the fine particles, and after water vapor is once introduced and moisture is adsorbed, the powder plasma processing chamber 205 is evacuated to remove only excess physical adsorbed water. Is preferred.
[0040]
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of an apparatus having a powder plasma processing front chamber. In FIG. 3 a, ceramic fine particle powder 302 is built in a glass-made powder plasma pretreatment chamber 301, and this is installed in a vibration device 303. A plasma generating electrode 304 is disposed outside the powder plasma processing pre-chamber 301 and is connected to a plasma generating power source 305. An openable / closable cock 306 is provided in the powder plasma pretreatment chamber 301, and a helium gas cylinder 307 is connected by a gas supply pipe 308 and a vacuum pump 309 is connected by an exhaust pipe 310.
[0041]
FIG. 3B is a view when the powder plasma processing chamber 301 is slid and connected to the powder container 311 after the plasma irradiation, and the powder 306 is sandwiched between the powder container 311 and the cock 306. A plasma processing pre-chamber 301 is connected. An aerosol generating unit 312 is connected to the powder container 311, and is connected to a helium gas cylinder (not shown) and a gas transport pipe 313, and is connected to a crusher (not shown) and an aerosol transport pipe 314.
[0042]
The operation of the apparatus having the above configuration will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 3a, the cock 306 is closed and the vacuum pump 309 is operated, and the powder plasma processing chamber 301 is evacuated to dry the particulate powder 302. Subsequently, the vacuum pump 309 is stopped, the helium gas cylinder 307 is opened, and helium is fed into the pre-powder plasma processing chamber 301 to obtain a gas pressure suitable for generating plasma. Subsequently, the plasma generation power source 305 is turned on to generate helium plasma in the powder plasma processing vessel 301, and at the same time, the vibration device 303 is operated to vibrate the powder plasma processing front chamber 301 so that the internal fine particle powder The body 302 is stirred and scattered. In this way, the surface activation treatment is performed by removing the surface adsorbed material, such as removing residual water adhering to the surface of the fine particles or removing organic matter. After the treatment for a certain time, the generation of plasma is terminated, the vacuum pump 309 is operated, and the powder plasma treatment chamber 301 is evacuated. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3 b, the vibration device 303 is separated from the powder plasma processing chamber 301, and the powder plasma processing chamber 301 is slid and connected to the powder container 311. While the cock 306 is closed, the powder container 311 is depressurized to prevent contact with atmospheric components, and then the cock 306 is opened to drop the particulate powder 302 into the powder container 311 side. Subsequently, for example, helium gas is introduced from a gas cylinder (not shown), the aerosol generating unit 312 is operated, the fine particle powder 302 is taken in from the powder container 311 and mixed with helium gas to generate aerosol, and an unillustrated solution is shown. It is conveyed to a crusher and further to a nozzle, and a structure is produced according to the composite structure production process as described above. The arrows in the figure indicate the flow of gas or aerosol.
[0043]
Another embodiment of the composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 shows the apparatus 4 having the requirements of the present invention in the part corresponding to the aerosol generator in the composite structure manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. The apparatus 4 is connected to a gas cylinder (not shown) by a gas transport pipe 401, and is connected to a crusher (not shown) by an aerosol transport pipe 402. The gas transport pipe 401 and the aerosol transport pipe 402 are connected to an aerosol generator 403 that disperses fine particles in the gas. The aerosol generating unit 403 is provided with a powder container 404, and a powder microwave processing chamber 405 is installed above the powder container 404, and these are partitioned by an openable / closable cock 406. In the powder microwave processing chamber 405, a ceramic fine particle powder 407 to be irradiated with microwaves is built. A microwave generator 408 is installed in the powder microwave processing chamber 405. The powder microwave processing chamber 405 is connected to a vacuum pump 410 by an exhaust pipe 409.
[0044]
The operation and effect of the apparatus 4 having the above configuration will be described. With the ceramic fine particle powder 407 filled, the vacuum pump 410 is operated to reduce the pressure inside the powder microwave processing chamber 405, and then the microwave generator is operated to irradiate the powder with microwaves. . In this way, the surface activation treatment is performed by removing the surface adsorbed material such as heating the surface of the fine particles to remove residual moisture adhering to the surface, or decomposing and removing the organic matter. These adsorbed materials are discharged out of the system by the vacuum pump 410. After the treatment for a certain time, the microwave irradiation treatment is terminated, and the vacuum pump 410 is stopped. Subsequently, the cock 406 is opened while the powder container 404 is in a depressurized state to prevent contact with atmospheric components, and the fine particle powder 407 is dropped into the powder container. Subsequently, the aerosol generating unit 403 is operated while introducing, for example, nitrogen gas from a gas cylinder (not shown), and the fine particle powder 407 is taken in from the powder container 404 and mixed with nitrogen gas to generate aerosol. It is conveyed to a crusher and further to a nozzle, and a structure is produced according to the composite structure production process as described above. The arrows in the figure indicate the flow of gas or aerosol.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when the composite structure is formed by the aerosol deposition method, the surface of the fine particles to be used is cleaned in advance by plasma irradiation or microwave irradiation, and the activation process is performed over time. Since the active fine particles can be made to collide with each other by subsequently producing a composite structure, the bonding of the fine particles can be strengthened and impurities can be prevented from being mixed in the structure. Therefore, a high quality structure can be formed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a composite structure manufacturing apparatus used in an aerosol deposition method.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a plasma processing and aerosol generation unit of the composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a plasma processing and aerosol generation unit of the composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a microwave processing and aerosol generation unit of the composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Composite structure manufacturing apparatus
101 ... Nitrogen gas cylinder
102 ... Gas transport pipe
103 ... Aerosol generator
104 ... Aerosol carrier tube
105 ... Crusher
106 ... Aerosol carrier tube
107 ... Structure formation chamber
108 ... Nozzle
109 ... Stage
110 ... Base material
111 ... Vacuum pump
2 ... Equipment
201 ... gas transport pipe
202... Aerosol transport pipe
203 ... Aerosol generator
204 ... Powder container
205 ... Powder plasma processing chamber
206 ... cook
207 ... Particulate powder
208: Stirrer
209 ... Plasma generating electrode
210 ... Power source for plasma generation
211 ... Gas supply pipe
212 ... Oxygen gas cylinder
213 ... Exhaust pipe
214 ... Vacuum pump

Claims (13)

脆性材料の微粒子に減圧雰囲気にてプラズマ照射またはマイクロ波照射などのエネルギー照射を行う工程と、次いでこのエネルギー照射を行った脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる工程からなる複合構造物の作製方法。A step of performing energy irradiation such as plasma irradiation or microwave irradiation on fine particles of brittle material in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, and then nozzles in which the fine particles of brittle material subjected to this energy irradiation are dispersed in a gas are directed toward the substrate From the step of causing the aerosol to collide with the surface of the substrate, crushing and deforming the fine particles by the impact of the collision, joining them, and forming a structure made of the constituent material of the fine particles on the base material A method for producing a composite structure. 脆性材料の微粒子に減圧雰囲気にてプラズマ照射またはマイクロ波照射などのエネルギー照射を行う工程と、次いでこのエネルギー照射を行った脆性材料の微粒子に水蒸気を暴露させて微粒子表面に化学吸着水層を形成させる工程と、次いでこの化学吸着水層形成をおこなった微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる工程からなる複合構造物の作製方法。A process of irradiating brittle material fine particles with energy such as plasma irradiation or microwave irradiation in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, and then exposing water vapor to the brittle material fine particles subjected to this energy irradiation to form a chemisorbed water layer on the fine particle surface And a step of spraying an aerosol in which the fine particles having undergone this chemical adsorption water layer formation are dispersed in a gas toward a base material from a nozzle, causing the aerosol to collide with the substrate surface, and by the impact of the collision A method for producing a composite structure comprising a step of crushing and deforming and joining the fine particles to form a structure made of a constituent material of the fine particles on the substrate. 前記エネルギー照射を行う工程において、エネルギー照射中に前記脆性材料の微粒子に対して、攪拌、振動、飛散の内1つ以上の手段を施すことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の複合構造物の作製方法。3. The composite structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step of performing the energy irradiation, at least one of stirring, vibration, and scattering is applied to the fine particles of the brittle material during the energy irradiation. Manufacturing method. 脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、前記微粒子を収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される前記微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルとを有し、前記収容容器の内部でプラズマを起さしめるプラズマ発生手段が設置されていることを特徴とする複合構造物作製装置。An aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward a base material, the aerosol is made to collide with the substrate surface, and the fine particles are crushed and deformed by the impact of the collision, and joined. A composite structure manufacturing apparatus for forming a structure made of a constituent material of fine particles on the base material, a storage container for storing the fine particles, and the fine particles connected to the storage container and supplied from the storage container And an aerosol generating part for generating aerosol by mixing the gas and a nozzle for injecting the generated aerosol, and plasma generating means for generating plasma inside the container is provided. Composite structure manufacturing equipment. 脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、前記微粒子を収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される前記微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルとを有し、前記収容容器にはマイクロ波発生手段が設置されていることを特徴とする複合構造物作製装置。An aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward a base material, the aerosol is made to collide with the substrate surface, and the fine particles are crushed and deformed by the impact of the collision, and joined. A composite structure manufacturing apparatus for forming a structure made of a constituent material of fine particles on the base material, a storage container for storing the fine particles, and the fine particles connected to the storage container and supplied from the storage container An apparatus for producing a composite structure, comprising: an aerosol generation unit for generating an aerosol by mixing a gas with a gas; and a nozzle for injecting the generated aerosol, wherein the container is provided with a microwave generation means . 前記収容容器には、前記微粒子に対して、攪拌、振動、飛散の内1つ以上の手段からなる微粒子揺動機構が設置されることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の複合構造物作製装置。The composite structure according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a fine particle swinging mechanism comprising at least one of stirring, vibration, and scattering is installed in the container for the fine particles. Production device. 前記収容容器には、微粒子に水分を吸着させる水蒸気発生装置が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の複合構造物作製装置。6. The composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a water vapor generating device for adsorbing moisture to the fine particles is connected to the container. 脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、プラズマ発生手段を有し微粒子にプラズマを照射する粉体プラズマ処理前室と、プラズマ照射された微粒子を前記粉体プラズマ処理前室から移送して収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される前記微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルと、プラズマ照射時に前記粉体プラズマ処理前室と前記収容容器とを切り離し可能とする接続コックとを有することを特徴とする複合構造物作製装置。An aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward a base material, the aerosol is made to collide with the substrate surface, and the fine particles are crushed and deformed by the impact of the collision, and joined. An apparatus for producing a composite structure for forming a structure made of a constituent material of the fine particles on the base material, having a plasma generating means and irradiating the fine particles with plasma; A storage container for transporting and storing fine particles from the chamber prior to the powder plasma treatment, an aerosol generating unit connected to the storage container to mix the fine particles supplied from the storage container with a gas and generating an aerosol, and A nozzle for injecting an aerosol, and a connection cock that allows the powder plasma processing chamber and the container to be separated during plasma irradiation; Composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to claim. 前記粉体プラズマ処理前室には、前記微粒子に対して、攪拌、振動、飛散の内1つ以上の手段からなる微粒子揺動機構が設置されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の複合構造物作製装置。9. The composite according to claim 8, wherein a fine particle swinging mechanism comprising at least one of stirring, vibration, and scattering is installed in the powder plasma treatment front chamber with respect to the fine particles. Structure manufacturing device. 前記粉体プラズマ処理前室には、微粒子に水分を吸着させる水蒸気発生装置が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の複合構造物作製装置。The composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a water vapor generating device that adsorbs moisture to the fine particles is connected to the chamber before the powder plasma treatment. 脆性材料の微粒子をガス中に分散させたエアロゾルを基材に向けてノズルより噴射して、前記エアロゾルを前記基板表面に衝突させ、この衝突の衝撃によって前記微粒子を破砕・変形させて接合させ、前記微粒子の構成材料からなる構造物を前記基材上に形成させる複合構造物作製装置であって、マイクロ波発生手段を有し微粒子にマイクロ波を照射する粉体マイクロ波処理前室と、マイクロ波照射された微粒子を前記粉体マイクロ波処理前室から移送して収容する収容容器と、該収容容器に連結され該収容容器から供給される前記微粒子をガスと混合しエアロゾルを発生させるエアロゾル発生部と、発生したエアロゾルを噴射するノズルと、マイクロ波照射時に前記粉体マイクロ波処理前室と前記収容容器とを切り離し可能とする接続コックとを有することを特徴とする複合構造物作製装置。An aerosol in which fine particles of a brittle material are dispersed in a gas is sprayed from a nozzle toward a base material, the aerosol is made to collide with the substrate surface, and the fine particles are crushed and deformed by the impact of the collision, and joined. A composite structure manufacturing apparatus for forming a structure made of a constituent material of the fine particles on the base material, the powder microwave processing front chamber having microwave generation means for irradiating the fine particles with microwaves, A container for transporting and storing fine particles irradiated with waves from the chamber prior to the powder microwave processing, and generating aerosol by mixing the fine particles supplied to the container and connected to the container with gas. And a nozzle that injects the generated aerosol, and a connection cup that allows the powder microwave treatment chamber and the container to be separated during microwave irradiation. Composite structure manufacturing apparatus characterized by having and. 前記粉体マイクロ波処理前室には、前記微粒子に対して、攪拌、振動、飛散の内1つ以上の手段からなる微粒子揺動機構が設置されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の複合構造物作製装置。The fine particle rocking mechanism comprising at least one of stirring, vibration, and scattering for the fine particles is installed in the powder microwave treatment front chamber. Composite structure manufacturing equipment. 前記粉体マイクロ波処理前室には、微粒子に水分を吸着させる水蒸気発生装置が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の複合構造物作製装置。The composite structure manufacturing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a water vapor generating device for adsorbing moisture to the fine particles is connected to the powder microwave treatment front chamber.
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WO2007037498A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Fujifilm Corporation Method of manufacturing composite structure, impurity removal processing apparatus, film forming apparatus, composite structure and raw material powder
JP2007119913A (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-05-17 Fujifilm Corp Method of manufacturing composite structure, impurity removal processing apparatus, film forming apparatus, composite structure and raw material powder
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US9034438B2 (en) 2012-06-28 2015-05-19 Fuchita Nanotechnology Ltd. Deposition method using an aerosol gas deposition for depositing particles on a substrate
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WO2007037498A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Fujifilm Corporation Method of manufacturing composite structure, impurity removal processing apparatus, film forming apparatus, composite structure and raw material powder
JP2007119913A (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-05-17 Fujifilm Corp Method of manufacturing composite structure, impurity removal processing apparatus, film forming apparatus, composite structure and raw material powder
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JP2007182605A (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-07-19 Konica Minolta Holdings Inc Method for forming thin film, and thin film
US8877297B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2014-11-04 Fuchita Nanotechnology Ltd. Deposition method
US9034438B2 (en) 2012-06-28 2015-05-19 Fuchita Nanotechnology Ltd. Deposition method using an aerosol gas deposition for depositing particles on a substrate
WO2016043269A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2016-03-24 積水化学工業株式会社 Powder feeder, film-forming device, and film-forming method
CN106687621A (en) * 2014-09-17 2017-05-17 积水化学工业株式会社 Powder feeder, film-forming device, and film-forming method
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JP2017070905A (en) * 2015-10-07 2017-04-13 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 Manufacturing method of hydrophobic powder suspension

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