JP2005034530A - Artificial respiratory apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an artificial respiratory apparatus that can support a ventilation operation of the lungs of a patient even if an abnormal condition, such as a blockage in either an external inhalation tube or an external exhalation tube, occurs. <P>SOLUTION: This apparatus comprises a communicating tube 44 communicating the apparatus body inhalation tube 23 with the apparatus body exhalation tube 25 and a spring-style check valve 45 that opens the communicating tube 44 when either the external inhalation tube 27 or the external exhalation tube 28 is blocked. When either the external inhalation tube 27 or the external exhalation tube 28 is blocked, the spring-style check valve 45 can open the communicating tube 44 and flow air by detouring through the other external tube that is not blocked. Consequently, the artificial respiratory apparatus 20 can maintain supporting the ventilation operation of the lungs of the patient even if the abnormal condition, such as the blockage in either of the external tubes 27 and 28, occurs. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilator that supports a patient's lung ventilation.

  FIG. 14 is an air circuit showing a conventional ventilator 1. The ventilator 1 supplies a gas containing oxygen to the lungs of the patient 3 in which the spontaneous breathing action is reduced or stopped, and supports the ventilation action of the patient's lungs. The ventilator 1 includes a ventilator main body 1a and a mounting member 1b.

  The ventilator main body 1a includes a pump 2 for supplying gas to the patient's lung, a main body intake pipe 5 for guiding the gas discharged from the pump 2 to the patient's lung, and a gas discharged from the patient outside the apparatus. A main body exhalation duct 6 for leading to the discharge place 12 and an exhalation valve 7 interposed in the main body exhalation duct 6 to open and close the main body exhalation duct 6 are included. The mounting member 1a includes an external inspiratory conduit 10 that communicates the main body inspiratory conduit 5 and the patient's lung, and an external expiratory conduit 11 that communicates the main expiratory conduit 6 and the patient's lung.

  Connected to the main body intake pipe 5 is an open pipe 8 that communicates with the main body intake pipe 5 and the location 4 outside the ventilator main body 1a. A safety valve 9 is interposed in the open line 8. When the pressure of the intake gas flowing through the main body intake pipe 5 becomes high, the safety valve 9 opens the open pipe 8 and guides the intake gas to the place 4 outside the ventilator main body 1a (see Non-Patent Document 1). ).

  The external inspiratory conduit 10 and the external expiratory tube 11 are realized by tubes that are flexible thin tubes. Such external ducts 10 and 11 may be blocked due to a part of the internal space being blocked. For example, when a humidifier is interposed in the external inspiratory line 10 or when a drain trap is intervened in the external expiratory line 11, the water is blocked due to accumulation of water in the line. Moreover, it will be obstruct | occluded when each external pipe line 10 and 11 is bent.

  FIG. 15 is an air circuit showing the ventilator 1 in a state in which the external inspiratory conduit 10 is closed. When the external inspiration line 10 is blocked, the ventilator 1 opens the open line 8 by the safety valve 9 and opens the main body intake line 6 by the exhalation valve 7. As a result, the gas discharged from the pump 2 flows through the open line 8 to the location 4 outside the ventilator. At this time, when the patient sucks the gas, the gas passes through the exhalation ducts 6 and 11 and flows from the discharge place 12 to the lungs of the patient. Further, the gas discharged by the patient passes through the exhalation ducts 6 and 11 and flows to the discharge location 12.

  FIG. 16 is an air circuit showing the ventilator 1 in a state where the external exhalation duct 11 is blocked. When the external expiration line 10 is blocked, the ventilator 1 opens the open line 8 by the safety valve 9. As a result, the gas discharged from the pump 2 flows through the open line 8 to the location 4 outside the ventilator. At this time, when the patient sucks the gas, the gas at the location 4 outside the ventilator passes through the open line 8 and the intake lines 5 and 10 and flows to the patient's lungs. Further, the gas discharged by the patient passes through the inspiratory lines 5 and 10 and the open line 8 and flows to the place 4 outside the ventilator.

  As described above, when the ventilator 1 according to the prior art has an abnormal situation in which one of the external pipes 10 and 11 is blocked, the main body pipes 5 and 6 are connected to the locations 4 and 4 outside the ventilator 1. By communicating with 12, only the patient can spontaneously breathe, but support by the ventilator cannot be performed.

Marukawa, Fukuyama "Respirator Handbook 1997-2001" Medical Book Publishing Co., Ltd., March 22, 2001, p.102, FIG.

  In the prior art ventilator 1, when any one of the external pipes 10 and 11 is blocked, the gas supplied from the pump 2 passes through the open pipe 8 and flows to the place 4 outside the ventilator. . Therefore, the gas discharged from the pump 2 is not supplied to the patient's lungs. Although this makes it possible to avoid a situation in which the patient cannot breathe spontaneously, the ventilator 1 cannot assist the ventilation operation of the patient's lungs.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a ventilator capable of supporting the ventilation operation of a patient's lung even when an abnormal situation occurs in which either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is blocked.

The present invention provides supply means for supplying a gas containing oxygen;
An intake pipe for guiding gas from the supply means to the patient's airway, which is constituted by a main body intake pipe on the supply means side and an external intake pipe on the patient side;
An exhalation duct for guiding gas from the patient's respiratory tract to an exhalation location, which is composed of a main exhalation duct on the discharge location side and an external exhalation pipeline on the patient side;
An exhalation valve interposed in the main body exhalation line to open and close the main body exhalation line;
A communication line communicating the main body intake line and the main body exhalation line;
A ventilator characterized by being provided with an opening / closing means that is interposed in a communication line and closes the communication line in a normal state and opens the communication line when either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is blocked. is there.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the opening / closing means is a check valve that applies a spring force from the main body exhalation line side to the main body inhalation line side to the valve member and closes the communication line by the valve member.

The present invention also includes a pressure difference detecting means for detecting a pressure difference between the pressure of the gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line and the pressure of the gas flowing through the main body exhalation line,
It further comprises occlusion state detection means for determining the occlusion state of either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line based on the detection result of the pressure difference detection means.

  The present invention is further characterized by further comprising a blockage state detecting means for determining a blockage state of either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line based on the displacement state of the valve member of the check valve.

The present invention further includes a block state detection means for determining that either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is in a block state,
The opening / closing means drives and displaces a valve member for opening / closing the communication pipe line based on a detection result of the closed state detecting means.

Further, according to the present invention, the opening / closing means applies a spring force from the main body exhalation line side to the main body inspiration line side to the valve member, and the check valve closes the communication line by the valve member;
The valve drive type check valve includes valve drive means for displacing and driving the valve member of the check valve against the spring force based on the determination result of the closed state detection means.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the opening / closing means is an on / off valve including a valve driving means for displacing and driving a valve member for opening / closing the communication conduit based on a determination result of the closed state detecting means.

  The present invention is further characterized by further comprising an informing means for informing one of the external inhalation conduit and the external expiration conduit based on the detection result of the obstruction state detecting means.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the normal state, during the inhalation period in which gas is supplied to the patient, the main body exhalation duct is closed by the exhalation valve, and the gas supplied from the supply means via each inhalation duct To the patient's lungs. In the exhalation period in which the gas is discharged from the patient, the main body exhalation duct is opened by the exhalation valve, and the gas expelled from the patient is guided to the discharge location via each exhalation duct. In this way, the patient's lung ventilation is supported.

  When either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is blocked, the opening / closing means opens the communication line. For example, when the external inspiratory line is blocked, the gas supplied from the supply means flows from the main body inspiratory line through the communication line to the external expiratory line during the inhalation period, and flows from the external expiratory line to the patient's lungs. Led to. Also, for example, when the external expiration line is blocked, during the expiration period, the gas discharged from the patient flows from the external inspiration line through the communication line to the main body exhalation line, and from the main body exhalation line to the discharge location. Led.

  Thus, even in an abnormal state where either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is blocked, the gas supplied from the supply means can be guided to the patient's lungs, and the gas discharged from the patient Can be led to the discharge place. Therefore, even if any of the external conduits is blocked, the patient's lung ventilation operation can be continuously supported.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the external inspiration line is blocked, the pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line is higher than the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main body exhalation line during the inspiration period. . When the pressure difference becomes larger than the operating pressure difference predetermined for the check valve, the valve member is displaced and the communication pipe is opened.

  When the external expiration line is blocked, the pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line is higher than the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main body exhalation line during the expiration period. When the pressure difference becomes larger than the operating pressure difference predetermined for the check valve, the valve member is displaced and the communication pipe is opened.

  The predetermined operating pressure difference is set by the spring force of the check valve. By using such a spring-type check valve, it is not necessary to separately provide a closed state detecting means for determining the closed state of each external pipe line, and the communication pipe line can be opened when the pipe line is closed. Further, there is no need to separately provide a means for displacing and driving the valve member for opening and closing the communication conduit. Therefore, the opening / closing means can be realized with a simple configuration, and a ventilator can be realized with an inexpensive configuration.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the external inspiration line is blocked, the pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line is higher than the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main body exhalation line during the inspiration period. . When the external expiration line is blocked, the pressure of the inhalation gas flowing through the main body inhalation line becomes higher than the pressure of the exhalation gas flowing through the main body exhalation line during the expiration period. Therefore, the occlusion state detection means determines whether the pressure difference detected by the pressure difference detection means is larger than a predetermined pressure difference, thereby determining the occlusion state of either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line. Can be judged. As a result, the ventilator can detect an obstruction and change its operation.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is closed, the valve member of the check valve is displaced to open the communication line. The closed state detection means can detect the closed state of any of the external pipe lines by detecting the displacement state of the valve member. As a result, it is possible to determine the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inhalation pipe and the main body exhalation pipe. Further, based on both the pressure difference and the displacement state of the valve member, it is possible to more accurately detect the closed state of each of the external pipe lines.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when it is determined that any of the external pipes is in the closed state, the opening / closing means drives the valve member to open the communication pipe. As a result, the pressure difference between the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line and the expiratory gas flowing through the main body exhalation line in order to open the communication line, compared to the case where the opening / closing means is realized using only a spring type check valve. The communication conduit can be kept open without the need. Therefore, there is no need for an extra pressure difference to open the communication line, reducing the patient load without requiring extra force when the patient draws gas and when the patient exhales gas. can do.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, when any of the external pipes is in a closed state, the valve member is displaced by the spring force to open the communication pipe. After the communication line is opened, the communication line is kept open by the valve driving means. Thus, the communication pipe can be opened immediately following the closed state, and an extra pressure difference is not required after the communication pipe is opened. Such an opening / closing means may be called a pilot type check valve.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, when any blockage state of each external pipe line is determined by the blockage state detection means, the valve driving means drives the valve member to displace the communication pipe line. open. As a result, the communication line can be kept open without requiring a pressure difference between the main body inhalation line and the main body exhalation line. Therefore, no extra pressure difference is required.

  Further, according to the present invention described in claim 8, it is possible to notify the medical staff who manages the ventilator that any of the external conduits is blocked by the notification means. Thereby, the medical staff can recover from the abnormal state to the normal state by knowing the blocked state.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a ventilator 20 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The ventilator 20 supplies a gas containing oxygen to the lungs of the patient 21 whose spontaneous breathing action has been reduced or stopped, and supports the ventilation action of the lungs of the patient 21.

  The ventilator 20 includes a ventilator main body 20a and a mounting member 20b. The ventilator main body 20 a includes a pump 22, a main body inspiratory line 23, a main body exhalation line 25, and an exhalation valve 26. The pump 22 is supply means for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the patient. The main body intake pipe 23 is a pipe for guiding the gas discharged from the pump 22 to the lungs of the patient. The main body exhalation duct 25 is a duct for guiding the gas discharged by the patient to a predetermined discharge location 24. The exhalation valve 26 is interposed in the main body exhalation duct 25 to open and close the main exhalation duct 25. The pump 22 and the exhalation valve 26 operate in response to the patient's lung ventilation. The main body inspiratory line 23 and the main body exhalation line 25 may be collectively referred to as the main body lines 23 and 25.

  The mounting member 20 b includes an external inspiration line 27 and an external expiration line 28. The external inspiratory line 27 is a line for connecting the main body inspiratory line 23 and the patient's lung. The external exhalation duct 28 is a duct for connecting the main exhalation duct 25 and the patient's lung. The external inspiration line 27 and the external expiration line 28 may be collectively referred to as the external lines 27 and 28 in some cases.

  Each external conduit 27, 28 is realized by a flexible thin tube, for example, a tube made of synthetic resin. Further, the external inspiratory conduit 27 and the external expiratory conduit 28 are joined together by a Y piece provided on the patient side to form a confluent channel 29. The Y-piece is connected to a respirator mask to supply gas to the patient's airway. The Y piece supplies gas to the patient's lungs by being connected to the tracheal tube. As described above, in the ventilator 20, an inspiratory line is constituted by the main body inspiratory line 23 and the external inspiratory line 27, and an expiratory line is constituted by the main body exhalation line 25 and the external expiratory line 28.

  In the inhalation period in which gas is supplied to the patient's lungs, the ventilator 20 discharges the gas from the pump 22 to the main body inspiratory line 23 and closes the main body expiratory line 25 by the exhalation valve 26. Further, in the exhalation period in which gas is discharged from the patient, the gas is sucked into the internal space of the pump 22 from the location 33 outside the ventilator, and the main body exhalation conduit 25 is opened by the exhalation valve 26.

  The ventilator 20 supports the ventilation operation of the patient's lungs by alternately repeating the inspiration period operation and the expiration period operation. The ventilator 20 may have control means for controlling the pump 22 and the exhalation valve 26.

  The ventilator main body 20a is formed with an air supply pipe 34 for introducing air from a predetermined inhalation place 33 outside the ventilator main body 20a to the pump 22. The air supply line 34 communicates the pump 22 and the suction place 33. In addition, a suction-side check valve 35 that prevents the gas from flowing backward from the pump 22 to the suction place 33 is interposed in the air supply line 34. The ventilator main body 20 a is formed with an oxygen supply line 36 for introducing oxygen to the pump 22. The oxygen supply line 36 communicates the pump 22 and the oxygen storage location 37. The oxygen supply pipe 36 is provided with an adjustment valve 38 for adjusting the supply amount of oxygen supplied to the pump 22.

  The pump 22 mixes and sucks the air passing through the air supply line 34 and the oxygen passing through the oxygen supply line 36 during the expiration period. In addition, the mixed gas sucked during the intake period is discharged to the main body intake pipe 23. The ventilator main body 20 a includes an introduction conduit 40 that communicates the main body intake conduit 23 and the inhalation place 33. The introduction pipe line 40 is provided with an inhalation-side check valve 41 that prevents the gas from flowing backward from the patient side to the inhalation place side. Thus, even when the pump 22 is stopped, the patient can suck the gas from the inhalation place 33.

  A pump-side check valve 39 that prevents the gas from flowing backward from the patient side to the pump side is interposed in the main body intake pipe line 23. The main body exhalation duct 25 is provided with an exhaust check valve 42 that prevents the gas from flowing backward from the exhaust location to the patient. The exhaust check valve 42 is provided closer to the patient than the exhalation valve 27.

  The ventilator main body 20a of the present invention includes a communication pipe 44 that communicates the main body inhalation pipe line 23 and the main body exhalation pipe line 25, and an opening / closing means that is interposed in the communication pipe 44 and opens and closes the communication pipe 44. In addition. The opening / closing means closes the communication conduit 44 in a normal state. The opening / closing means opens the communication pipe 44 when any one of the external pipes 27 and 28 is closed. Note that opening the pipe means a communication state in which the space in the pipe communicates from one end to the other end of the pipe. Closing the pipeline means a closed state in which the space in the pipeline is closed without communication from one end to the other end of the pipeline.

  In the first embodiment, the opening / closing means is realized by a spring check valve 45. The spring check valve 45 is a check valve that prevents the gas from flowing from the main body exhalation pipe 25 to the main body inhalation pipe 23 through the communication pipe 44. The spring check valve 45 opens the communication line 44 when the pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line 23 becomes higher than the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main body expiratory line 25 by a predetermined operating pressure or more.

  With the spring check valve 45 interposed, the communication conduit 44 is located upstream of the spring intake check valve 45 on the main body intake conduit side 44a and on the main expiratory conduit side of the spring check valve 45. It is divided into a downstream portion 44b. One end of the upstream portion 44 a of the communication conduit 44 is connected to the main body intake conduit 23, and the other end is connected to the spring check valve 45. In addition, one end of the downstream side portion 44 b of the communication pipe 44 is connected to the spring check valve 45 and the other end is connected to the main body exhalation pipe 25.

  The communication conduit 44 is connected to the patient-side portion 60 of the main body intake conduit 23 rather than the pump-side check valve 39. The communication line 44 is connected to the patient side portion 61 of the main body exhalation line 25 rather than the exhaust side check valve 42. The communication conduit 44 is preferably provided on the patient side as much as possible. That is, the communication line 44 preferably connects the downstream end of the main body inspiratory line 23 in the direction of gas flow and the upstream end of the main body exhalation line 25 in the direction of gas flow. .

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a spring type check valve 45 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The spring-type check valve 45 is a check valve that applies a spring force from the main body exhalation pipeline 25 side to the main body inhalation pipeline 23 side to the valve member 46 and closes the communication pipeline 44 by the valve member 46.

  The spring check valve 45 includes a valve box 47, a valve member 46, and a spring body 48. The valve box 47 is formed with a valve chamber 49 serving as an internal space. The valve box 47 is formed with a gas introduction hole 53 and a gas discharge hole 54 that open outward from the valve chamber 49. The part where the gas introduction hole 53 is formed is connected to the upstream part 44 a of the communication pipe 44, and the part where the gas discharge hole 54 is formed is connected to the downstream part 44 b of the communication pipe 44. .

  The valve member 46 is provided in the valve chamber 49 so as to be able to reciprocate along a predetermined moving axis 51. The valve box 47 is formed with a valve seat 50 facing the valve member 46 on the gas introduction hole 53 side. A valve hole 52 is formed in the valve seat 50, and the valve hole 52 communicates with the gas introduction hole 53. The spring body 48 applies a spring force in the moving direction A1 and the valve member 46 is directed to the gas introduction hole 53 to bring the valve member 46 into contact with the valve seat 50. The spring body 48 is realized by a compression coil spring, for example. When the valve member 46 comes into contact with the valve seat 50 by the spring body 48, the valve hole 52 is closed. The maximum cross-sectional area perpendicular to the movement axis 51 of the valve member 46 is formed larger than the area perpendicular to the movement axis 51 of the valve hole 52.

  When the pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line 23 becomes larger than the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main body expiratory line 25, and the pressure difference exceeds a predetermined pressure difference, the valve member 46 has a spring body 48. It is displaced in the other direction A2 against the spring force. As a result, the valve member 46 is separated from the valve seat 52, and the valve hole 52 and the gas discharge hole 54 communicate with each other. Gas flows from the upstream portion 44a of the communication pipe 44 to the downstream portion 44b. That is, the communication pipe 44 is opened.

  If the pressure difference between the inspiratory gas and the exhaled gas does not exceed a predetermined pressure difference, the communication pipe 44 is closed. In other words, the gas is prevented from flowing from the main body exhalation line 25 to the main body inhalation line 23 via the communication line 44.

The pressure difference required for opening the communication pipe 44 is set by the spring force of the spring body 48. This pressure difference is larger than at least the pressure loss of the pipe when gas flows in order from the main body intake pipe 23 to the external intake pipe 27, the combined flow path 29, the external expiratory pipe 28, and the main body expiratory pipe 25. Set to Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a malfunction such as the communication pipe 44 being opened when the external pipes 27 and 28 are not closed. For example, the pressure difference between the inspiratory gas and the expiratory gas, that is, the operating pressure at which the communication pipe 44 is opened by the spring check valve 45 is set to 10 cmH ₂ 0, for example.

  FIG. 3 is an air circuit of the ventilator 20 showing the gas flow in the normal state. In a normal state, that is, in a state where the external inspiratory conduit 27 and the external expiratory conduit 28 are not blocked, the gas flow during the inspiratory period is indicated by white arrows in FIG. The gas discharged from the pump 22 sequentially passes through the main body intake pipe 23 and the external intake pipe 27 and is supplied to the lungs of the patient 23. At this time, since the main body exhalation duct 25 is closed by the exhalation valve 26, the main body exhalation duct 23 and the main body exhalation duct 25 closer to the patient than the exhalation valve 26 have substantially the same pressure. Therefore, the communication line 44 does not open, and the gas supplied from the pump 22 and containing a large amount of oxygen does not flow into the main body exhalation line 25 and the external exhalation line 28.

  Further, the gas flow during the expiration period in the normal state is indicated by the black arrows in FIG. The exhalation valve 26 opens the main body exhalation duct 25. The gas discharged from the patient passes through the external exhalation duct 28 and the main exhalation duct 25 in order, and is guided to the discharge location 24. Further, the pump 22 sucks air from the air supply pipe 34 and sucks oxygen from the oxygen supply pipe 36 during the expiration period, and stores the sucked gas in the pump.

  Thus, in the normal state, the communication conduit is closed. Therefore, each of the intake pipes 23 and 27 is filled with the gas supplied from the pump 22, and the gas discharged by the patient does not enter. The exhalation ducts 25 and 28 are filled with the gas discharged by the patient, and the gas supplied from the pump 22 does not enter directly. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the patient from sucking again the gas that is discharged by the patient himself and contains a large amount of carbon dioxide.

  FIG. 4 is an air circuit of the ventilator 20 showing the gas flow when the external inspiratory conduit 27 is blocked. The ventilator 20 operates in the same manner as in the normal state for the pump 22 and the exhalation valve 27 even if the external inspiration line 27 is blocked. The gas flow during the intake period is indicated by white arrows in FIG. The gas discharged from the pump 22 remains in the main body intake pipe 23 because the external intake pipe 27 is closed. The pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line 27 becomes higher than the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main body expiratory line pressure 25. When the pressure difference becomes larger than the operating pressure of the spring check valve 45, the valve member 46 is displaced and the communication pipe 44 is opened.

  As a result, the gas discharged from the pump 22 passes through the main body inhalation pipe line 23, the communication pipe line 44, the main body exhalation pipe line 25 and the external exhalation pipe line 28 in order, and is supplied to the lungs of the patient 23. The gas flow during the expiration period is indicated by black arrows in FIG. 4, and the gas discharged from the patient flows in the same manner as in the normal state and is discharged to the discharge location 24. Thus, even if the external inspiration line 27 is blocked, the ventilation supplied to the patient's lungs can be supported by bypassing the gas supplied from the pump 22 by the communication line 44.

  The volume of gas supplied from the pump 22 is set to be larger than the volume of gas filled in the space in the duct from the patient's lung to the portion where the main body exhalation duct 25 and the communication duct 44 are connected. It is preferred that As a result, even if the gas previously discharged by the patient remains in each of the exhalation ducts 25 and 28, more gas than the remaining gas volume can be supplied to the patient, and the patient himself discharges the gas. It is possible to avoid a state in which the patient continues to suck only the gas that has been discharged.

  For example, when the volume of gas in each expiratory line from the patient's lung to the portion where the main body exhalation line 25 and the communication line 44 are connected is 200 cc, the capacity of the gas supplied from the pump 22 Is set to 500 cc, a 300 cc oxygen-rich gas can be supplied to the patient.

  FIG. 5 is an air circuit diagram of the ventilator 20 showing the gas flow when the external exhalation duct 28 is blocked. The ventilator 20 operates in the same manner as in the normal state with respect to the pump 22 and the exhalation valve 27 even when the external exhalation conduit 28 is blocked. In this case, the gas flow during the intake period is indicated by white arrows in FIG. The gas discharged from the pump 22 flows in the same manner as in the normal state and is supplied to the patient's lungs.

  Further, the gas flow during the expiration period is indicated by the black arrow in FIG. 5, and the gas exhaled from the patient is blocked by the external expiration line 28 from the merging line 29 to the external inspiration line 27 and the main body. It collects in the intake pipe 23. The pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line 27 becomes higher than the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main body expiratory line pressure 25. When the pressure difference becomes larger than the operating pressure of the spring check valve 45, the valve member 46 is displaced and the communication pipe 44 is opened. As a result, the gas discharged from the patient passes through the external inspiration line 27, the main body intake line 23, the communication line 44 and the main body exhalation line 25 in order, and is guided to the exhaust location.

  In this case, the patient receives a back pressure corresponding to the operating pressure of the spring check valve 45 during the expiration period, but the patient's burden can be reduced by making the operating pressure of the spring check valve 45 as small as possible. In addition, by notifying the closed state of each of the external conduits 27 and 28 by the notification means 73 described later, the medical staff knows the closed state of each of the external conduits 27 and 28, and sets the external conduits 27 and 28 in the closed state. Normal recovery is possible. Thus, by restoring the external conduits 27 and 28 to the normal state, the burden on the patient can be reduced.

  Even when the external exhalation duct 28 is blocked as described above, the ventilation operation of the patient's lungs can be supported by bypassing the gas discharged from the patient through the communication duct 44. As described above, the volume of gas supplied from the pump 22 to the patient is the amount of gas that fills the space in the conduit from the patient's lungs to the portion where the main body intake conduit 23 and the communication conduit 44 communicate with each other. It is preferable to set it larger than the capacity.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, even if any of the external pipes 27 and 28 is blocked by providing the communication pipe 44, the gas flow is reduced. By bypassing, the patient's lung ventilation can continue to be performed. This makes it possible to ventilate the patient's lungs even if the patient stops spontaneous breathing in a state where any of the external conduits 27 and 28 is blocked.

  In a normal state, the pressure difference between the main body inspiratory line 27 and the main body exhalation line 28 is small, and the communication line 44 does not open. Therefore, in the normal state, the gas supplied from the pump 22 does not flow directly through the external expiration line 28. Further, the gas discharged from the patient does not flow directly into the external inspiratory conduit 27. Further, the gas is not sucked from the discharge place 24 where the patient discharged the gas. Accordingly, in a normal state, it is possible to prevent the patient from sucking again the gas containing a large amount of oxygen dioxide discharged from the patient, and the burden on the patient can be reduced. Further, it is not necessary to change the control of the pump 22 and the exhalation valve 26 between the normal state and the abnormal state, and the reliability can be improved.

  The communication conduit 44 communicates the end of the main body inhalation conduit 23 on the downstream side in the gas flow direction and the end of the main body exhalation conduit 25 on the upstream side in the direction of gas flow. As a result, even when one of the external pipes 27 and 28 is blocked, the volume of the gas that the patient exhales can be reduced as much as possible from the pump 22. More gas can be supplied to the patient.

  Further, in the case where each main body conduit 23, 25 is provided with each detection means 40, 43, 91-95 for detecting the state of inhaled gas and exhaled gas, each of these detection means 40, 43, 91-95 is gas. It is preferable that the communication conduit 44 is connected to each of the main body conduits 23 and 25 at a position that is substantially the same as the position for detecting the state or at a position closer to the patient than that position. Thereby, even in an abnormal state, the gas state can be detected with high accuracy by the detection means 40, 43, 91 to 95.

  For example, when the flow rate detection means 91 for detecting the flow rate of the inspiratory gas is provided in the main body intake pipe line 23, the communication pipe line 44 is connected to the main body intake pipe line 23 on the patient side from the position where the flow rate is detected. Regardless of the presence or absence of gas flowing through the communication pipe 44, the accurate flow rate of the intake gas can be detected.

  As shown in FIG. 1, for example, each detection means includes, in addition to the pressure detection means 40 and 41, flow rate detection means 91 and 92 for detecting the flow rates of inspiratory gas and expiratory gas, and an oxygen concentration sensor for detecting the oxygen concentration of the inspiratory gas. 93, an inspiratory temperature sensor 94 that detects the temperature of the inspiratory gas, and an expiratory temperature sensor 95 that detects the temperature of the expiratory gas.

  In addition, by realizing the opening / closing means for opening / closing the communication pipe 44 by the spring type check valve 45, it is not necessary to separately provide a blockage state detection means for determining the blockage state of the external pipe lines 27 and 28, and when the pipe line is blocked. The communication line 44 can be opened. Further, it is not necessary to separately provide a means for driving the valve member 46 to open and close the communication conduit 44. Moreover, when it becomes a normal state, it is not necessary to perform a return operation. Therefore, the opening / closing means can be realized with a simple configuration and can be realized at low cost. Further, by simplifying the configuration, failure can be prevented and reliability can be improved.

  Further, by supplying a gas having a volume larger than that of the gas contained in each of the external conduits 27 and 28 from the pump 22, even in an abnormal state, a gas containing a large amount of oxygen can be supplied to the patient. The burden on the patient can be further reduced. Further, when any of the external pipes 23 and 25 is blocked, the volume of gas supplied from the pump 22 may be increased so as to be larger than the volume of gas filled in the space in the external expiration pipe. Good. As a result, it is possible to avoid a state in which the patient continues to suck only the gas discharged by the patient himself / herself.

  When any one of the external pipes 23 and 25 is blocked, the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply path 36 to the pump 22 may be increased by the regulating valve 38. Thus, even when a part of the gas discharged by the patient is sucked again, the oxygen concentration supplied to the patient's lung can be kept at a predetermined value.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of the ventilator 120 according to the second embodiment. The ventilator 120 of the second embodiment has the configuration shown in FIG. 1 and the pressure of the inspiratory gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line 23 and the expiratory gas flowing through the main body expiratory line 25 or the inhalation base and the expiratory gas. By detecting the pressure difference, the closed state of each of the external pipe lines 27 and 28 is determined. In addition to the configuration of the ventilator 20 of the first embodiment, the ventilator 120 of the second embodiment includes an inspiratory pressure detecting means 70, an expiratory pressure detecting means 71, an obstruction state detecting means 72, And a notification means 73. Accordingly, the description of the same configuration as that of the ventilator 20 of the first embodiment described above will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the main body intake pipe 23 is formed with an intake pressure detection hole 40 for detecting the pressure of the gas flowing through the main body intake pipe 23. The intake pressure detection hole 40 is formed on the patient side with respect to the pump-side check valve 39. The main body exhalation duct 25 is formed with an exhalation pressure detection hole 43 for detecting the pressure of the gas flowing through the main body exhalation duct 25. The expiratory pressure detection hole 43 is formed closer to the patient than the exhaust check valve 42.

  The intake pressure detection means 70 detects the intake pressure, which is the pressure of the intake gas flowing through the main body intake pipe 23, from the gas guided from the intake pressure detection hole 40. The expiratory pressure detecting means 71 detects the expiratory pressure, which is the pressure of the expiratory gas flowing through the main expiratory duct 25, from the gas guided from the expiratory pressure detecting hole 43. Each of the pressure detection means 70 and 71 gives signals Pi and Pe indicating the detection result to the closed state detection means 72.

  The blockage state detecting means 72 acquires an inspiratory pressure signal Pi indicating inspiratory pressure from the inspiratory pressure detecting means 70 and an expiratory pressure signal Pe indicating expiratory pressure from the expiratory pressure detecting means 71. Based on the inspiratory pressure signal Pi and the expiratory pressure signal Pe, the obstruction state detecting means 72 subtracts the expiratory pressure from the inspiratory pressure to obtain a pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure, and the pressure difference is a preset set pressure difference. Is greater than or less than.

  When the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure is larger than a predetermined set pressure difference, the closed state detecting unit 72 determines that one of the external pipelines 27 and 28 is blocked. Then, a blocking signal is output. The occlusion signal continues to output the occlusion signal until a release signal is given by the medical staff. Further, when the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure is smaller than the set pressure difference, it is determined that both the external conduits 27 and 28 are not blocked.

  The blockage state detection unit 72 gives a blockage signal to the notification unit 73, and the notification unit 73 notifies that the external conduits 27 and 28 are blocked. The notification unit 73 emits at least one of sound and light, for example.

  The ventilator 120 may include input means 74 that can arbitrarily set the set pressure difference. In this case, when the set pressure difference is set in the input unit 74 by the medical staff, the input unit 74 transmits the set set pressure difference to the closed state detecting unit. The set pressure difference may be set to a pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure necessary for the spring check valve 45 to open the communication pipe 44.

  Furthermore, the ventilator 120 may include a trigger signal generation unit 75 that generates a trigger signal indicating whether the detected pressure difference is an inspiration period or an expiration period. The trigger signal generation means 75 gives the trigger signal to the closed state detection means 72. Based on the trigger signal, the blockage state detection unit 72 determines that the external intake pipe 27 is blocked when the pressure difference during the intake period becomes larger than the set pressure difference. When the pressure difference in the expiration period becomes larger than the set pressure difference, it is determined that the external expiration line 28 is blocked.

  Thus, based on the trigger signal, it can be determined which of the external inspiration line 27 and the external expiration line 28 is blocked. Further, by notifying the determination result to the notification means 73, the convenience can be further improved.

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the temporal change in the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure and the temporal change in the occlusion signal when the external inspiratory conduit 27 is closed. FIG. 7 (1) shows the time change between the inspiration pressure and the expiration pressure. FIG. 7 (2) shows the change over time in the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure. FIG. 7 (3) shows the change over time of the blocking signal.

  In general, in the inspiratory period W1, the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure rise with a substantially similar rate of change with time. In addition, in the expiration period W2, the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure are reduced to about atmospheric pressure. The inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure have a pressure difference corresponding to the pressure loss between the inspiratory lines 23 and 27 and the expiratory lines 25 and 28.

  When the external inspiratory line 27 is blocked during the inspiratory period W1, as shown in FIG. 7 (1), in the inspiratory period W1, the inspiratory pressure relative to the expiratory pressure from the blockage occurrence time T1 when the external inspiratory line 27 is blocked. Becomes larger. In the expiration period W2, the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure show substantially the same change as in the normal state.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7 (2), the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure increases with the passage of time from the obstruction occurrence time T1 in the inspiratory period W1, and is larger than a preset set pressure difference. In the exhalation period W2, the pressure difference becomes substantially smaller than a preset pressure difference, and then shows substantially the same change as in the normal state.

  As shown in FIG. 7 (3), when the occlusion state detection means 72 reaches a pressure rise time T2 at which the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure becomes larger than the set pressure difference in the inspiratory period W1, from that time T2. Output of the blocking signal is started. Further, the blockage state detection means 72 continues to output the blockage signal even when the pressure drop time T3 when the pressure difference between the inspiration pressure and the expiration pressure becomes smaller than the set pressure difference in the expiration period W2. The blocking state detection unit 72 continues to output the blocking signal until a signal indicating that the blocking state is released is given.

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the temporal change in the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure and the temporal change in the occlusion signal when the external expiratory passage 28 is closed. FIG. 8 (1) shows the time change between the inspiration pressure and the expiration pressure. FIG. 8 (2) shows the change over time in the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure. FIG. 8 (3) shows the change over time of the blocking signal.

  When the external expiratory duct 28 is blocked during the inhalation period W1, as shown in FIG. 8 (1), in the inhalation period W1, the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure show substantially the same changes as in the normal state. Further, in the expiration period W2, the inspiration pressure becomes larger than the expiration pressure after the inspiration period W2 is started.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8 (2), the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure increases with the passage of time in the expiratory period W2, and is larger than a preset set pressure difference. In the intake period W1, the pressure difference becomes smaller than a preset pressure difference, and then shows substantially the same change as in the normal state.

  As shown in FIG. 8 (3), when the occlusion state detection means 72 reaches the pressure rise time T2 when the pressure difference between the inspiration pressure and the expiration pressure becomes larger than the set pressure difference in the expiration period W2, from the time T2 Output of the blocking signal is started. Further, the blockage state detection unit 72 continues to output the blockage signal even when the pressure drop time T3 when the pressure difference between the inspiratory pressure and the expiratory pressure becomes smaller than the set pressure difference in the inspiratory period W1. The blocking state detection unit 72 continues to output the blocking signal until a signal indicating that the blocking state is released is given.

  FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of the ventilator 220 according to the third embodiment. The ventilator 220 of the third embodiment detects the displacement state of the valve member 46 of the spring type check valve 45 in addition to the structure shown in FIG. . The ventilator 220 of the third embodiment shows a configuration similar to the ventilator 120 of the second embodiment, and the description of the similar configuration is omitted.

  A ventilator 220 according to the third embodiment includes a valve position detecting unit 76 instead of the pressure detecting units 70 and 71 of the ventilator 120 according to the second embodiment. When the valve position detecting unit 76 detects that the valve member 46 is separated from the valve seat 52, the valve position detecting unit 76 gives a detection result to the closed state detecting unit 72. When the closed state detecting means 72 receives a signal indicating that the valve member 46 has moved away from the valve seat 52 from the valve position detecting means 76, the closed state detecting means 72 informs the notifying means 73 that one of the external conduits 27, 28 has been closed. Let me know. The ventilator 220 may include input means 74 and trigger signal generation means 75 as described above. As a result, the same effect as the ventilator 120 of the second embodiment can be obtained.

  FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a spring type check valve 145 provided with a valve position detecting means 76. The spring-type check valve 145 as an opening / closing means has a configuration corresponding to the valve box 47, the valve member 46, and the spring body 48 corresponding to the spring-type check valve 45 shown in FIG. Further, the valve position detecting means 150 detects the amount of displacement of the valve member 46 in the moving direction, and can be realized by, for example, a limit switch and a proximity switch.

  The ventilator of the present invention may have both configurations of the ventilators 120 and 220 of the second and third embodiments. As a result, the closed state of any one of the external pipes 27 and 28 can be detected by both the pressure difference and the movement of the valve, so that the reliability of detecting the closed state can be improved.

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of the ventilator 320 according to the fourth embodiment. The ventilator 320 of the fourth embodiment further includes valve drive means 77 that drives the valve member 46 to move in the other direction B2 in addition to the ventilator 120 of the second embodiment. The other movement direction B <b> 2 is a direction in which the valve member 46 is separated from the valve seat 52. In other words, the opening / closing means includes a spring check valve 45 and a valve driving means 77.

  The valve driving means 77 moves the valve member 46 in the other movement direction B2 when the closing signal indicating that any one of the external pipes 27 and 28 is closed is provided from the closing state detecting means 72, and communicates. Pipe line 44 is opened. The valve drive means 77 holds the valve member 46 and the valve seat 52 in a separated state until a release signal is given from the input means 74, and continues the open state of the communication conduit 44.

  Further, by notifying the closed state of each of the external conduits 27 and 28 by the notification means 73, the medical staff can know the closed state. A medical worker who knows the blocked state returns the external conduits 27 and 28 to a normal state. Then, the fact that the state has returned to the normal state is input to the input means 74. The input means 74 gives a release signal to the valve drive means 77, so that the valve drive means 77 releases the open state of the communication conduit 44.

  FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the valve driving means 77. The valve driving means 77 includes a pressing rod 80 movably provided along the movement axis 51, a plunger 83 that moves the pressing rod 80 along the movement axis 51, and a movement direction one B <b> 1 away from the valve member 46. A spring body 81 that applies a spring force to the plunger, and a coil 84 that applies an electromagnetic force close to the valve member 46 in the other movement direction B2 to the plunger 83. That is, the electromagnetic solenoid 82 is realized by the spring body 81, the plunger 83, and the coil 84.

  The valve drive unit 77 energizes the coil when a block signal is given from the block state detection unit 72. Thereby, the excited plunger 83 moves against the spring force of the spring body 81, and moves the pressing rod 80 in the other movement direction B2. The pressing rod 80 contacts the valve member 46 and separates the valve member 46 from the valve seat 52.

  When the release signal is given from the input means 74, the valve drive means 77 releases the energization of the coil. As a result, the excitation of the plunger 83 is released. The plunger 83 is moved by the spring force of the spring body 81, and the pressing rod 80 is moved in the moving direction B1 together with the plunger 83. The pressing rod 80 is separated from the valve member 46, and the valve member 46 contacts the valve seat 52.

  As described above, in the ventilator 320 of the fourth embodiment, when it is confirmed that the external conduits 27 and 28 are closed, the valve driving means 77 holds the communication conduit 44 in an open state. As a result, in contrast to the case where the opening / closing means is realized only by the spring check valve 45, the communication pipe 44 can be kept open without requiring a pressure difference between the inspiratory gas and the expiratory gas.

  As a result, the airway pressure of the patient can be accurately estimated from the pressure of the gas guided from the pressure detection holes 40 and 43 provided in the main body conduits 23 and 25. Further, when the patient breathes spontaneously, a pressure difference for flowing the gas through the communication pipe 44 is not required, so that the burden on the patient can be reduced. Even if it takes time until the valve driving means 77 drives the displacement of the valve member 46 after detecting the closed state, or when the coil cannot be energized, the communication pipe is provided by having the spring check valve 45. The opening / closing operation of the path 44 is not hindered.

  Further, as shown in the ventilator 120 of the second embodiment, the occlusion state detection means 72 generates an occlusion signal based on the signals Pi and Pe given from the inspiration pressure detection means 70 and the expiration pressure detection means 71. Although it may be given to the valve driving means 77, the occlusion signal is given to the valve driving means 77 based on the signal given from the valve position detecting means 76 as shown in the ventilator 220 of the third embodiment. May be given.

  FIG. 13: is sectional drawing which shows the opening / closing means 200 of the ventilator of 5th Embodiment. The ventilator of the fourth embodiment is provided with an on / off valve 200 that opens and closes the communication conduit 44 by a solenoid instead of the opening / closing means of the ventilator 320 of the fourth embodiment. The on / off valve 200 includes a valve box 47, a valve member 46, and a valve driving means 201. The valve box 47 and the valve member 46 correspond to the valve box 47 and the valve member 46 of the spring-type check valve 45 shown in FIG.

  The valve driving means 201 is fixed to the valve member 46 and is provided so as to be movable in the movement direction C together with the valve member 46, and a spring force directed in one direction in which the valve member 46 is close to the valve seat 52. Are provided to the plunger 201, and a coil 203 is provided to apply electromagnetic force to the plunger 201 in the other moving direction C2, which is the direction in which the valve member 46 moves away from the valve seat 52. That is, an electromagnetic solenoid is realized by the spring body 202, the plunger 201, and the coil 203.

  By energizing the coil 203, the excited plunger 201 moves against the spring force of the spring body 202, and the valve member 46 is separated from the valve seat 52. As a result, the communication pipe 44 is opened. Further, by releasing the energized state of the coil 203, the excitation of the plunger 201 is released and the coil 203 is moved by the spring force of the spring body 202. The valve member 46 is seated on the valve seat 52, that is, contacts, and the communication pipe 44 is closed.

  When the block signal is given from the block state detection means 72, the on / off valve 200 sets the coil 202 in an energized state and opens the communication pipe 44. Further, when a release signal is given from the input means 74, the on / off valve 200 releases the energized state of the coil 202 and closes the communication conduit 44. In this way, the opening / closing means for opening and closing the communication conduit 44 can also be realized by the on / off valve 200 instead of the check valve 45.

  The above-described configuration of the ventilator of the present invention is an embodiment, and the configuration may be changed within the scope of the invention. For example, a bellows pump is used as the supply means for supplying gas, but a piston pump may be used.

In the case of a hospital or the like, gas may be supplied from a gas storage source via a pipe. Further, the ventilator of the present invention is a metered system that sends a fixed amount of gas to a patient for each breath, for example, a VCV (
Volume Control Ventilation), a pressure-controlled system that keeps the patient's airway pressure constant during the exhalation period and obtains a ventilation volume corresponding to the patient's lung compliance, such as PCV (Pressure)
Regardless of the control method of the ventilator, such as the Control Ventilation method, it can be suitably used.

  Further, although the check valve and the on / off valve are used as the opening / closing means, other means may be used as long as they are means for opening and closing the communication pipe 44. In the present embodiment, the blockage state detection means determines the blockage state of the external conduits 27 and 28 based on the pressure difference between the inspiratory gas and the expiratory gas or the movement state of the valve. The occlusion state may be determined based on another state such as a change in flow rate.

It is a block diagram showing artificial respirator 20 which is one embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the spring type check valve 45 of one Embodiment of this invention. It is the air circuit of the ventilator 20 which shows the flow of the gas of a normal state. It is the air circuit of the ventilator 20 which shows the flow of gas when the external inspiration line 27 is obstruct | occluded. FIG. 6 is an air circuit diagram of the ventilator 20 showing a gas flow when the external exhalation duct is blocked. It is a block diagram which shows the electrical constitution of the ventilator 120 of 2nd Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the time change of the pressure difference of the inhalation pressure in the state where the external inspiration line 27 was obstruct | occluded, and the expiration pressure, and the time change of the obstruction | occlusion signal. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the time change of the pressure difference of the inhalation pressure and expiration pressure in the state where the external expiration path 28 was obstructed, and the time change of the obstruction signal. It is a block diagram which shows the electrical constitution of the ventilator 220 of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the spring type check valve 145 provided with the valve position detection means 76. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the electric constitution of the ventilator 320 of 4th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the valve drive means 77. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows a part of artificial respirator 420 of 5th Embodiment. It is an air circuit which shows the ventilator 1 of a prior art. It is an air circuit which shows the ventilator 1 of the state with which the external inspiration line 10 was obstruct | occluded. 2 is an air circuit showing the ventilator 1 in a state where the external exhalation duct 11 is blocked.

Explanation of symbols

20 Ventilator 21 Patient 22 Pump 23 Main Body Inspiratory Line 25 Main Body Expiratory Line 26 Expiratory Valve 27 External Inspiratory Line 28 External Expiratory Line 44 Communication Line 45 Check Valve

Claims (8)

Supply means for supplying a gas containing oxygen;
An intake pipe for guiding gas from the supply means to the patient's airway, which is constituted by a main body intake pipe on the supply means side and an external intake pipe on the patient side;
An exhalation duct for guiding gas from the patient's respiratory tract to an exhalation location, which is composed of a main exhalation duct on the discharge location side and an external exhalation pipeline on the patient side;
An exhalation valve interposed in the main body exhalation line to open and close the main body exhalation line;
A communication line communicating the main body intake line and the main body exhalation line;
An artificial respirator comprising an open / close means that is interposed in a communication line and closes the communication line in a normal state and opens the communication line when either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is blocked.   2. The ventilator according to claim 1, wherein the opening / closing means is a check valve that applies a spring force from the main body exhalation line side to the main body inhalation line side to the valve member and closes the communication line by the valve member. . A pressure difference detecting means for detecting a pressure difference between the pressure of the gas flowing through the main body inspiratory line and the pressure of the gas flowing through the main body exhalation line;
3. The artificial state according to claim 1, further comprising: an occlusion state detection unit that determines an occlusion state of either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line based on a detection result of the pressure difference detection unit. Respiratory organ.   The artificial respiration according to claim 2, further comprising: an occlusion state detecting means for determining an occlusion state of either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line based on a displacement state of the valve member of the check valve. vessel. Further comprising occlusion state detection means for determining that either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line is in an occlusion state;
The ventilator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the opening / closing means drives and displaces a valve member for opening and closing the communication pipe line based on a detection result of the closed state detecting means. The open / close means applies a spring force to the valve member from the main body exhalation line side to the main body inspiratory line side, and a check valve that closes the communication line by the valve member;
6. The artificial valve according to claim 5, wherein the check valve is a valve drive type check valve including valve drive means for displacing and driving the valve member of the check valve against the spring force based on the determination result of the closed state detection means. Respiratory organ.   6. The artificial valve according to claim 5, wherein the opening / closing means is an on / off valve including a valve driving means for displacing and driving a valve member for opening / closing the communication pipe line based on a determination result of the closed state detecting means. Respiratory organ.   The ventilator according to claim 2 or 4, further comprising notification means for notifying an obstruction state of either the external inspiration line or the external expiration line based on a detection result of the obstruction state detection means. .

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