JP2005021626A - Stretcher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate lifting work by reducing burden of emergency staff in the initial state of the lifting work of a bed 21 of a stretcher 1. <P>SOLUTION: This stretcher 1 is provided with the bed part 21 for mounting an injured or sick person, legs 22 foldably provided at the bed part 21, developed along with the rising of the bed part 21 and folded with the lowering of the bed part 21, and wheels 23 provided at the legs 22. The bed part 21, on its head side and the foot side, is provided with pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 assisting the initial rising of the bed part 21. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a stretcher.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a stretcher having a foldable leg has been used when an emergency crew member carries a victim into an emergency vehicle. This type of stretcher consists of a bed part for the victim and a foldable leg, and is usually used by two emergency personnel as follows.

  In other words, the ambulance crew transports the stretcher to the emergency site where the victim has fallen, then folds the leg and lowers the bed portion to near the ground. Then, the patient is placed on the bed. After that, one ambulance member grasps the head side of the bed portion, the other ambulance member grasps the foot side of the bed portion, and both emergency personnel lift the bed portion together. As the bed rises, the legs automatically unfold due to their own weight, and the stretcher is in an upright state. Thereafter, when the bed portion rises to a predetermined height, the legs are locked in a fully opened state and support the bed portion. The ambulance crew then travels while pushing or pulling the stretcher and carries it into the emergency vehicle.

  By the way, since the whole weight of the bed part and the victim is considerably large, a large force is required for lifting the bed part. Normally, lifting work is performed by two emergency personnel, but the burden per person is considerable. For example, when the total weight of the bed part and the victim is 120 kg, the burden per emergency member is about 60 kg.

  Moreover, before the bed portion is lifted to a certain height (for example, the height of the waist of the emergency personnel), the emergency personnel must lift the bed portion in a bent state. Therefore, it is easy to put an excessive burden on a part of the body (particularly the waist). Therefore, ambulance crews often hurt parts of their bodies, especially in the early stages of lifting. In addition, it is difficult to exert a great force in a bent posture. As a result, ambulance crews did not have sufficient power during the initial stages of lifting.

On the other hand, Patent Document 1 proposes a leg standing mechanism that provides a stretcher with a gas damper with a lock and assists the deployment of the leg by utilizing the repulsive force of the damper in order to reduce the burden of lifting work.
Registered Utility Model No. 3058160

  However, in the stretcher provided with the above-described leg raising mechanism, it is necessary to apply a force equivalent to the repulsive force of the damper when the leg is folded (that is, when the damper is contracted). Therefore, if the repulsive force of the damper is increased sufficiently, an excessive force is required for folding the leg. Therefore, considering the convenience of the stretcher, it has been practically difficult to sufficiently increase the repulsive force of the damper. Therefore, it has been difficult for the stretcher to sufficiently reduce the burden on the emergency personnel in the initial stage of the lifting work that requires a particularly large force.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the burden on emergency personnel and facilitate the lifting work in the initial stage of the lifting work of the bed portion.

  The stretcher according to the present invention includes a bed portion on which a patient is placed, a leg that is foldable on the bed portion, and that is unfolded as the bed portion is raised and folded as the bed portion is lowered, Stretcher provided with wheels provided on the legs, in the initial stage of lifting work that raises the bed portion from the lowest position to a predetermined midway position between the lowest and highest positions, An initial raising assist device that applies a force in a rising direction to the bed portion is provided.

  According to the stretcher described above, in the initial stage of lifting work where it is difficult for the emergency personnel to demonstrate their original strength, the initial lifting assist device gives a large force in the upward direction to the bed, so the burden on the emergency personnel is sufficiently reduced. Is done. Therefore, the ambulance crew can easily lift the bed. Also, there is less risk of injury to the body when lifting. After the bed part has been raised to the midway position, the assist function by the initial climbing assist device is lost, but the emergency crew can take a posture in which the force can be exerted easily, so that the subsequent climbing work can be carried out smoothly. .

  The initial raising assist device may include an actuator that applies a force in a direction of rising to the bed portion when high-pressure gas is introduced, and a switch that turns the actuator on / off.

  The actuator may comprise a pneumatic cylinder.

  As a result, an initial ascending assisting device that exhibits a sufficiently large force can be obtained.

  The initial raising assisting device may include a hydraulic actuator that applies a force in a rising direction to the bed portion, and a switch that turns the actuator on / off.

  As a result, an initial ascending assisting device that exhibits a sufficiently large force can be obtained.

  The initial raising assist device may include an electric actuator that applies a force in the direction of ascending to the bed portion, and a switch that turns the actuator on / off.

  As a result, an initial ascending assisting device that exhibits a sufficiently large force can be obtained.

  The initial raising assist device is swingably attached to the bed portion, and rotates when a foot is depressed with a foot, and the rotational force of the foot lever is converted into a force in an upward direction of the bed portion. And a link mechanism.

  As a result, when the emergency crew steps on the stepped lever, the emergency crew can raise the bed to a midway position without raising the bed in a bent posture. Therefore, the bed portion can be easily raised at the initial stage of the lifting operation.

  The stretcher is a stage after the lifting operation for raising the bed part from the midway position to the highest position, or all stages of the lifting work for raising the bed part from the lowest position to the highest position. In the above, it is preferable to further include a main ascending assist device that applies a force in the ascending direction to the bed portion.

  Thereby, not only the initial stage of the lifting work but also the subsequent stage or all the stages can reduce the burden of the bed lifting work. If the main lift assisting device is made to act at all stages of the lifting work, the lifting force of the initial lift assisting device can be kept small, and the initial lift assisting device can be reduced in size and weight. .

  The main lift assisting device may be a device that applies a force in the direction of deployment to the leg to apply a force in the upward direction to the bed portion.

  In the stretcher that assists the raising of the bed by applying a force in the direction of deployment to the legs, the load required for the deployment of the legs is the largest in the initial stage of deployment, and gradually decreases as deployment progresses. For this reason, the need for ascending assistance in the initial stage becomes higher. Therefore, by providing the initial raising assist device, the leg can be easily deployed in the initial stage.

  The main ascending auxiliary device may include a main actuator that applies a force in a direction of ascending to the bed portion when high-pressure gas is introduced, and a main switch that turns on and off the main actuator.

  Thus, the rising of the bed portion can be assisted by utilizing a large force generated by the high-pressure gas.

  According to the present invention, the bed portion can be easily lifted in the initial stage of the lifting work in which a large force is required and the work must be performed in a posture where the force is difficult to be exerted. Therefore, even an ambulance member with inferior power can carry out the lifting work smoothly, and the ambulance member can be prevented from damaging a part of the body.

  Furthermore, if a main lifting assist device is provided that applies a force in the upward direction to the bed part at a later stage or all stages of the lifting work, the lifting of the bed part is assisted at all stages of the lifting work. The burden can be further reduced.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<Embodiment 1>
As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the stretcher 1 is provided with the bed part 21 on which a sick person is carried, and the leg 22 provided in the bed part 21 so that folding was possible. In the following description, the side on which the head of the victim is placed (the right side in FIGS. 1-2) is referred to as the head side, and the side on which the foot is placed (the left side in FIGS. 1-2) is referred to as the foot side. .

  The bed portion 21 has a so-called frame structure, and is configured by combining a plurality of pipe-shaped members. The bed portion 21 supports a stretcher (not shown) on which the patient is placed at a plurality of places by the plurality of pipe-shaped members. In this embodiment, the bed portion 21 and the stretcher are configured separately, but it goes without saying that the stretcher may be attached to the bed portion 21. That is, the bed part 21 and the stretcher may be configured integrally.

  Each leg 22 includes two front legs 24 and two rear legs 25. The front leg 24 is a leg provided on the head side, and is composed of a main leg 24a and an auxiliary leg 24b rotatably connected to a midway part of the main leg 24a. A wheel cover 80 that rotatably holds the wheel 23 is attached to the tip of the main leg 24a. The wheel cover 80 is formed with a protrusion 81 that protrudes in the lateral direction (the front and back sides in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). The rear leg 25 is a leg provided on the foot side, and is composed of a main leg 25a and an auxiliary leg 25b rotatably connected to a midway part of the main leg 25a. A wheel 23 is also provided at the tip of the main leg 25 a via a wheel cover 80. The wheel cover 80 is also formed with a protrusion 81 that protrudes in the lateral direction.

  An end portion on the base side of the main leg 25a is rotatably supported by the bed portion 21. On the other hand, the base legs of the auxiliary leg 25b of the rear leg 25, the main leg 24a of the front leg 24, and the auxiliary leg 24b are rotatably supported by sliders 31, 32, and 33, respectively. A rail 27 extending in the longitudinal direction is formed on the bed portion 21, and the sliders 31, 32, and 33 are slidably attached to the rail 27 (however, the slider 33 is moved when the bed portion 21 is raised and lowered). Is fixed to the bed.)

  With such a configuration, when the bed portion 21 is raised, the head-side force acts on the main leg 24a of the front leg 24 and the auxiliary leg 25b of the rear leg 25 due to the weight of the front leg 24 and the rear leg 25. As a result, the sliders 31 and 32 move to the head side, and the leg 22 expands. On the other hand, when the bed portion 21 is lowered, the sliders 31 and 32 move to the foot side, and the legs 22 are folded. In other words, the bed portion 21 rises when the leg 22 is deployed, and the bed portion 21 descends when the leg 22 is folded.

  The stretcher 1 is provided with a lock mechanism (not shown) for the legs 22, and when the bed portion 21 rises to a predetermined uppermost position and the deployment of the legs 22 is finished, the legs 22 are automatically locked. Is done. A lock release lever (not shown) for releasing the lock mechanism is provided on the head side and the foot side of the bed portion 21. By pulling the lock release lever, the lock mechanism is released, and the leg 22 can be folded (in other words, the bed portion 21 is lowered).

  Pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 are respectively attached to the head side and the foot side of the bed portion 21. The pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 are arranged in a downward posture so that the piston rods 85 and 86 (see FIG. 2) move up and down.

  The tip of the piston rod 85 of the head-side pneumatic cylinder 83 is attached to one end of the connecting plate 87. The other end of the connecting plate 87 is rotatably attached to a support plate 88 fixed to the bed portion 21. A patch plate 89 is provided in the middle of the connecting plate 87. The connecting plate 87 is disposed above the protrusion 81 of the head-side wheel cover 80, and the contact plate 89 is in contact with the protrusion 81. As shown in FIG. 1, when the piston rod 85 of the pneumatic cylinder 83 is contracted, the connecting plate 87 is substantially horizontal. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, when the piston rod 85 is extended, the connecting plate 87 is inclined forward and downward. At this time, the contact plate 89 of the connecting plate 87 pushes the protruding portion 81 of the wheel cover 80 downward, and as a result, a force in a deploying direction is applied to the front leg 24.

  The tip of the piston rod 86 of the foot-side pneumatic cylinder 84 is in contact with the protrusion 81 of the foot-side wheel cover 80. As shown in FIG. 2, when the piston rod 86 extends, the protrusion 81 of the wheel cover 80 is pushed downward. As a result, a force in the deploying direction is applied to the rear leg 25.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, these pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 are the initial stage for assisting the lift in the initial stage of the lifting operation of the bed part 21, that is, the stage in which the bed part 21 is lifted from the lowest position to a predetermined midway position. It constitutes a lift assist device. In the present specification, the midway position is an arbitrary position between the lowest position (position when the leg 22 is completely folded) and the uppermost position (position when the leg 22 is fully deployed). It does not necessarily mean an intermediate position between them. In the present embodiment, the midway position is determined by the amount of extension of the piston rods 85 and 86 of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84. In other words, the midway position can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the mounting positions of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 and the extending amounts of the piston rods 85 and 86.

  The midway position is preferably a position where the emergency crew member can easily exert a certain level of force. For example, the waist position of the emergency crew member can be set as the midway position. Further, it is desirable that the midway position is a position where emergency personnel are unlikely to damage a part of the body (particularly the waist) during the lifting operation.

  On the head side of the bed portion 21, as a switch for turning on / off the pneumatic cylinder 83, an intake switch 11 that supplies high-pressure gas to the pneumatic cylinder 83 and an exhaust switch (not shown) that discharges high-pressure gas in the pneumatic cylinder 83. ) And are provided. The inhalation switch 11 and the exhaust switch are both push-button switches, and are arranged in such a posture that the buttons face forward so that emergency personnel who operate the stretcher 1 from the front side can easily operate.

  On the other hand, on the foot side of the bed portion 21, as a switch for turning on / off the pneumatic cylinder 84, an intake switch 13 for supplying high-pressure gas to the pneumatic cylinder 84 and an exhaust switch for discharging high-pressure gas in the pneumatic cylinder 84 (FIG. (Not shown). The inhalation switch 13 and the exhaust switch are also push button type switches, and are arranged in such a posture that the buttons face rearward so that an emergency worker who operates the stretcher 1 from the rear side can easily operate.

  However, the switch for turning ON / OFF the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 is not limited to the above, and various switches can be used. For example, it may be a rotary switch (such as a dial switch) or a switch that pulls a lever. Further, ON / OFF of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 may be interlocked with a lock release lever, and the lock release lever may also be used as a switch for the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84.

  Although not shown, a high pressure gas supply source that supplies high pressure gas to the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 may be attached to the stretcher 1. For example, a gas tank that stores high-pressure gas may be installed in the bed portion 21. The stretcher 1 may be provided with a gas pipe that connects the gas tank and the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84.

  Alternatively, at the emergency site, the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 may be connected to an external gas supply source (gas cylinder or the like), and high pressure gas may be supplied from the gas supply source. In this case, the stretcher 1 is preferably provided with a gas introduction unit that is connected to a gas supply source and introduces high-pressure gas from the gas supply source to the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84. However, it is of course possible to introduce high-pressure gas directly into the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84.

  Next, the usage method of the stretcher 1 is demonstrated.

  The stretcher 1 is mounted on an ambulance in advance. When the ambulance arrives at the emergency site, the ambulance crew carries the stretcher 1 out of the ambulance. At this time, pull the stretcher 1 by pulling the unlocking lever on the foot side. As a result, the stretcher 1 changes from the state in which the legs 22 are folded to the unfolded state, and can run. In this state, the ambulance crew moves while pushing or pulling the stretcher 1 and moves the stretcher 1 to the vicinity of the victim.

  When the stretcher 1 is moved to the vicinity of the patient, the bed part 21 is lowered and lifted by two emergency personnel before and after the stretcher 1. During the lowering operation, the bed portion 21 is lowered while pulling the lock release lever to release the lock mechanism (not shown) of the leg 22. That is, the leg 22 is folded. Then, the patient is placed on the bed 21.

  During the lifting operation, while the lock release lever is pulled, the emergency member located on the front side of the stretcher 1 pushes the suction switch 11 on the head side, and the emergency member located on the rear side pushes the suction switch 13 on the foot side. As a result, high-pressure gas is introduced into the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84, and a force in the deploying direction is applied to the front legs 24 and the rear legs 25.

  After inputting the inhalation switches 11 and 13, or simultaneously with the input, the emergency crew lifts the bed portion 21 to the midway position (initial stage of the lifting operation). At this time, the front cylinder 24 and the rear leg 25 are applied with the force in the deploying direction by the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84, so that the emergency personnel can lift the bed 21 with a small force. In addition, by increasing the pressure of the high-pressure gas introduced into the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84, it is possible to raise the bed part 21 to the midway position without the emergency personnel lifting the bed part 21. That is, it is possible to fully automate the ascent to the midway position.

  After the bed portion 21 is lifted to the midway position, the bed portion 21 is further lifted to rise to the uppermost position (after the lifting operation). As a result, the leg 22 is in a deployed state. When the lock release lever is released in this state, the lock mechanism is activated and the leg 22 is fixed in the deployed state. The ambulance crew then carries the stretcher 1 into the ambulance.

  As described above, the stretcher 1 has a power assist function that assists the lifting work in the initial stage of the lifting work of the bed portion 21 by the emergency personnel. That is, when the emergency crew lifts the bed portion 21, a large force is applied in the direction in which the legs 22 are deployed by the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84, and thus a large upward force is applied to the bed portion 21. Therefore, the burden on the emergency personnel is greatly reduced in the initial stage where work in a crouching posture is forced. For this reason, even an ambulance crew with inferior power can smoothly lift the bed portion 21. In addition, it is possible to reduce the fatigue of ambulance crews and prevent damage (such as back pain).

  In this embodiment, since the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 are used as the initial lift assist device, the initial lift assist device can be configured relatively simply. In addition, since the structure and operation are simple, a highly reliable initial ascending assisting device can be obtained.

  If a gas supply source (tank, etc.) for storing high-pressure gas is attached to the stretcher 1, there is no need to prepare a separate gas supply source, and the pneumatic cylinders 83, 84 can be freely used at the site where the stretcher 1 is transported. Can be activated.

  In addition, the kind of high pressure gas used with this stretcher 1 is not specifically limited, For example, oxygen gas, high pressure air, nitrogen gas etc. can be used suitably.

  The number of head-side and foot-side pneumatic cylinders is not limited to one, but may be two or more.

  In the above-described embodiment, the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 are used as the initial raising auxiliary device. However, other devices that introduce high-pressure gas and apply a force for raising the bed portion 21 using the high-pressure gas may be used. . For example, a pneumatic motor or the like can be used as the initial raising assist device.

  As in the above-described embodiment, the initial lifting assist device may raise the bed portion 21 by applying a force in the deploying direction to the leg 22, but the bed portion 21 is not applied to the leg 22 itself. It may give a force in the upward direction. For example, it may be an ascending auxiliary device that is disposed between the bed portion 21 and the ground and raises the bed portion 21 by pushing the ground.

  In addition, if the bed part 21 is raised rapidly, the sick person who got on the bed part 21 will receive an impact easily. Therefore, a speed adjusting means for adjusting the rising speed of the bed portion 21 may be provided in the initial lifting assist device. For example, a speed controller (speed adjustment valve) may be provided in the high pressure gas piping system of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84. This can reduce the stress on the victim.

<Embodiment 2>
As shown in FIG. 3, the stretcher 1 according to the second embodiment includes pneumatic cylinders 93 and 94 with built-in manual pumps as an initial lifting assist device instead of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 of the first embodiment. Is.

  The head side pneumatic cylinder 93 is provided with a booster lever 97. The booster lever 97 extends forward and projects forward from the bed portion 21. As a result, the rescuer located on the head side can operate the booster lever 97 with his / her foot (that is, stroke the booster lever 97 by stepping on the foot). Therefore, the pressure in the cylinder can be easily increased and the piston rod 95 can be easily extended.

  The foot-side pneumatic cylinder 94 is also provided with a booster lever 98 that protrudes rearward. Therefore, an emergency worker located on the foot side can easily operate the pneumatic cylinder 94 by operating the booster lever 98 with his / her foot.

  Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the pneumatic cylinders 93 and 94 can be operated by using the feet in the initial stage of the lifting operation, and the bed portion 21 can be easily raised. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, the burden on emergency personnel can be reduced in the initial stage of the lifting operation.

  In the present embodiment, the rising speed of the bed portion 21 can be easily adjusted by adjusting the operating speed of the booster levers 97 and 98. Therefore, in the initial stage of the lifting work, there is no possibility of giving an excessive burden to the patient on the bed part 21, and the work can be smoothly advanced.

<Embodiment 3>
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the stretcher 1 according to the third embodiment includes the hydraulic cylinders 103 and 104 as the initial lifting assist device instead of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 of the first embodiment.

  The hydraulic cylinders 103 and 104 are hydraulic cylinders incorporating a manual pump. The head side and foot side hydraulic cylinders 103 and 104 are respectively provided with boosting levers 107 and 108 for increasing the hydraulic pressure in the cylinders. As in the second embodiment, the head-side boost lever 107 projects forward from the bed portion 21, and the foot-side boost lever 108 projects rearward from the bed portion 21. As a result, each of the ambulance crews located on the head side and the foot side can extend the piston rods 105 and 106 of the hydraulic cylinders 103 and 104 by operating the pressure raising levers 107 and 108 with their feet, respectively.

  Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the present embodiment, at the initial stage of the lifting work, by using the feet, the hydraulic cylinders 103 and 104 can be operated, and the bed portion 21 can be easily raised. Therefore, the burden on emergency personnel can be reduced, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  Also in the present embodiment, the rising speed of the bed portion 21 can be easily adjusted by adjusting the operating speed of the booster levers 107 and 108. Therefore, in the initial stage of the lifting work, there is no possibility of giving an excessive burden to the patient on the bed part 21, and the work can be smoothly advanced.

<Embodiment 4>
As shown in FIG. 5, the stretcher 1 according to the fourth embodiment includes hydraulic cylinders 113 and 114 as initial raising assist devices instead of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 of the first embodiment.

  A hydraulic pump 117 that supplies oil to the hydraulic cylinders 113 and 114 is provided on the head side of the bed portion 21. In the present embodiment, the case where the hydraulic pump 117 is provided on the head side is shown, but the shape, dimensions, mounting position, and the like are not limited at all. Although not shown, the bed portion 21 is provided with a suction switch and a discharge switch for turning on / off the hydraulic cylinders 113 and 114. The types of the suction switch and the discharge switch are not limited at all, but for example, the same switches as the suction switches 11 and 13 and the exhaust switch of the first embodiment can be suitably used.

  Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  Also in the present embodiment, a large force in the upward direction can be applied to the bed portion 21 by using hydraulic pressure at the initial stage of the lifting operation. Therefore, the burden on emergency personnel can be reduced, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In the present embodiment, it is preferable to provide a speed adjusting device that adjusts the rising speed of the bed portion 21 as in the first embodiment.

<Embodiment 5>
As shown in FIG. 6, the stretcher 1 according to the fifth embodiment includes electric actuators 123 and 124 as an initial raising assist device instead of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 of the first embodiment.

  The electric actuators 123 and 124 include rods 125 and 126 that expand and contract. Similar to the piston rod 85 of the first embodiment, the tip of the rod 125 is attached to the connecting plate 87. Further, like the piston rod 86 of the first embodiment, the tip of the rod 126 is in contact with the protrusion 81 of the wheel cover 80 of the rear leg 25.

  A battery 127 that supplies electricity to the electric actuators 123 and 124 is provided on the head side of the bed portion 21. In the present embodiment, the case where the battery 127 is provided on the head side is shown, but the shape, size, mounting position, and the like are not limited at all. Although not shown, the bed unit 21 is provided with a switch for turning on / off the electric actuators 123 and 124.

  Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  According to the present embodiment, a large force in the upward direction can be applied to the bed portion 21 by the electric actuators 123 and 124 in the initial stage of the lifting operation. Therefore, the burden on emergency personnel can be reduced, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  Also in this embodiment, it is preferable to provide a speed adjusting device that adjusts the rising speed of the bed portion 21.

<Embodiment 6>
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the stretcher 1 according to the sixth embodiment replaces the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 of the first embodiment with the foot lever 130 and the rotational force of the foot lever 130 as an initial lifting assist device. Is provided with a link mechanism 138 for converting the above into the ascending force of the bed portion 21.

  The bed portion 21 is provided with a mounting plate 136 that extends downward. A pin 135 is provided at the tip of the mounting plate 136, and a midway portion of the connecting plate 134 is rotatably supported by the pin 135. A contact plate 137 that contacts the protrusion 81 of the wheel cover 80 is fixed to the lower portion of the rear end of the connecting plate 134. A front end portion of the connecting plate 134 is rotatably supported by the connecting plate 133.

  The foot lever 130 provided on the head side extends to the front of the bed portion, and the base portion of the foot lever 130 forms a mounting portion 131 that is rotatably attached to the connecting plate 133. It is formed in a bar shape extending in the left-right direction (the front and back direction in FIGS. 7 and 8), and forms a stepping portion 132 that can be stepped on by an ambulance crew during a lifting operation.

  When the ambulance crew steps on the stepping part 132, the stepping lever 130 rotates forward and downward. When the foot lever 130 rotates forward and downward, the connecting plate 134 rotates using the pin 135 as a fulcrum and tilts forward and upward. At that time, the contact plate 137 of the connecting plate 134 presses the protrusion 81 of the wheel cover 80 downward. As a result, the front leg 24 receives a force in the deploying direction, and a force in the upward direction is applied to the bed portion 21. As described above, the connecting plate 133 and the connecting plate 134 form a link mechanism 138 that converts the rotational force of the foot lever 130 into the lifting force of the bed portion 21 (the force that lifts the bed portion 21).

  Although illustration is omitted, a similar link mechanism 138 is also provided on the foot side of the bed portion 21.

  In the initial stage of lifting the bed portion 21, the ambulance crew steps on the foot lever 130 with his / her foot using his / her own weight and pushes down the tip side of the foot lever 130. Accordingly, the emergency personnel can easily raise the bed portion 21 to the midway position without taking a bent posture. In addition, since the force of stepping on with a foot is greater than the force of lifting with a hand, ambulance crew members can exert greater power.

  Therefore, also in the present embodiment, the bed portion 21 can be easily raised to the midway position without imposing a heavy burden on the emergency personnel.

  In the present embodiment, the bed portion 21 can be gently raised by stepping on the foot lever 130 slowly. Therefore, there is no possibility of giving an excessive burden to the sick and wounded person of the bed part 21, and work can be advanced smoothly.

<Embodiment 7>
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the stretcher 1 according to the seventh embodiment is a main lift assist device that assists the lifting work in all stages of the lifting work of the bed portion 21 with respect to the stretcher 1 of the first embodiment. Is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 9, a pair of left and right head-side pneumatic cylinders 8 and foot-side pneumatic cylinders 9 are attached to the lower portion of the bed portion 21. Each of these pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 includes a cylindrical cylinder body 30 and a piston rod 28 inserted into the cylinder body 30. The inside of the cylinder body 30 is partitioned into a pressurizing chamber 51 and an air release chamber 52 by the piston rod 28 (see FIG. 10). The pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 according to the present embodiment generate a force in a direction in which the piston rod 28 is contracted by the pressure of the high pressure gas by introducing the high pressure gas into the pressurizing chamber 51 in the cylinder body 30. .

  Each pneumatic cylinder 8, 9 is arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bed portion 21. A cylinder fitting 4 is provided on the distal end side of the cylinder body 30 of the pneumatic cylinder 8. The piston rod 28 of the head-side pneumatic cylinder 8 is fixed to the slider 32 via the drawing block 5 and the drawing plate 6. Therefore, as the piston rod 28 expands and contracts, the slider 32 slides in the front-rear direction (left-right direction in FIG. 9). On the other hand, the piston rod 28 of the pneumatic cylinder 9 on the foot side is fixed to the slider 31 via the retracting plate 7. Therefore, the slider 31 slides in the front-rear direction as the piston rod 28 expands and contracts.

  A tank 10 for storing high-pressure gas is attached to the foot side of the bed portion 21. The tank 10 is formed with a gas inlet 34 for introducing high-pressure gas from the outside. The gas inlet 34 is provided with an opening / closing means 40 (see FIG. 10, not shown in FIG. 9) such as a check valve and an opening / closing valve, and is configured to be opened and closed by the opening / closing means 40. The tank 10 and each pneumatic cylinder 8, 9, 83, 84 are connected by gas piping (not shown). As described above, in the stretcher 1, high-pressure gas is supplied from the tank 10 attached to the stretcher 1 to the pneumatic cylinders 8, 9, 83, and 84.

  In addition, the shape of the tank 10, a dimension, an attachment position, etc. are not limited at all. The capacity of the tank 10 may be sufficient to operate the pneumatic cylinders 8, 9, 83, 84 at least once. Alternatively, in order to reduce the size of the tank 10 while allowing the lifting work to be performed again, the capacity may be such that the pneumatic cylinders 8, 9, 83, 84 are operated two to three times. Further, the piping configuration of the gas piping is not limited at all. The gas pipe may be a pipe made of stainless steel, aluminum, iron, or the like, or may be a flexible pipe. It is also possible to form the gas pipe with a pressure-resistant hose or tube.

  FIG. 10 is a high-pressure gas piping system diagram. The piping system 50 includes a head-side system 41 that controls the head-side pneumatic cylinders 8, 83 and a foot-side system 42 that controls the foot-side pneumatic cylinders 9, 84.

  A main switch 70 including a mechanical valve is provided in the suction pipe 43 for introducing high-pressure gas from the tank 10. The suction pipe 43 is branched into a suction pipe 43 a of the head side system 41 and a suction pipe 43 b of the foot side system 42. The suction pipe 43a is provided with a suction switch 11a that is turned ON / OFF in conjunction with the head side lock release lever 35a. On the other hand, the suction pipe 43b is provided with a suction switch 13a that is turned ON / OFF in conjunction with the foot-side lock release lever 35b.

  The head side system 41 includes the suction pipe 43a, two branch pipes 44 branched from the suction pipe 43a and connected to the pressurizing chamber 51 of each pneumatic cylinder 8, the atmosphere release chamber 52 of the pneumatic cylinder 8, and the outside. And an open tube 45 that communicates with each other. The suction pipe 43a is provided with a suction switch 11a and a speed controller (speed control valve) 47 in order from the tank 10 side.

  The head side system 41 includes a piping system for operating the pneumatic cylinder 83. That is, the head side system 41 includes an intake / exhaust switch 11b formed of a mechanical valve, an intake pipe 43c that connects the intake pipe 43a and the intake / exhaust switch 11b, an intake / exhaust switch 11b, and a pressurizing chamber 51a of each pneumatic cylinder 83. A suction pipe 44a to be connected, an intake / exhaust switch 11b, and an open pipe 45a to connect the air release chamber 52a of each pneumatic cylinder 83 are provided. One end of the suction pipe 43c is connected between the main switch 70 and the suction switch 11a in the suction pipe 43a.

  The piping system of the pneumatic cylinder 9 of the foot side system 42 has substantially the same configuration as the piping system of the pneumatic cylinder 8 of the head side system 41. A suction switch 13 a and a speed controller 47 are also provided in the suction pipe 43 b of the foot side system 42. On the other hand, one end of the suction pipe 44b is connected between the suction switch 13a and the speed controller 47 in the suction pipe 43b. The other end of the suction pipe 44 b is connected to the pressurizing chamber 51 a of the pneumatic cylinder 84.

  The piping system 50 includes an exhaust pipe 46 for releasing the high-pressure gas in the system to the atmosphere. One end of the exhaust pipe 46 is connected to the main switch 70, and the other end is open to the atmosphere. The exhaust pipe 46 is provided with an exhaust switch 14 including a mechanical valve and a speed controller 48 in order from one end side to the other end side.

  Furthermore, the piping system 50 includes a release device 72 for forcibly releasing the ascending auxiliary device. That is, the head-side and foot-side suction pipes 43a and 43b are connected to the air release pipes 73a and 73b, respectively. One end of the air release pipe 73 a is connected between the suction switch 11 a and the speed controller 47 in the suction pipe 43 a, and the other end is connected to the release switch 71. One end of the air release pipe 73 b is connected between the suction switch 13 a and the speed controller 47 in the suction pipe 43 b, and the other end is connected to the release switch 71. The release switch 71 is a switch for switching the atmosphere opening pipes 73a and 73b to the atmosphere, and is constituted by a mechanical valve. However, the configuration of the release switch 71 is not limited at all. These atmospheric release pipes 73a and 73b and the release switch 71 constitute a release device 72 for releasing the ascending auxiliary device.

  Note that the speed controller 47 of the suction pipes 43a and 43b forms a speed adjusting means for adjusting the rising speed of the bed portion 21, and the speed controller 48 of the exhaust pipe 46 is a speed for adjusting the lowering speed of the bed portion 21. An adjustment means is formed.

  In the present embodiment, when the bed portion 21 is lifted, first, the main switch 70 is input. Then, the intake / exhaust switch 11b is input, and the head side and foot side emergency personnel pull the head side and foot side lock release levers 35a and 35b, respectively. Thereby, the locking mechanism of the leg 22 is released, and the suction switches 11a and 13a are input. As a result, the high-pressure gas in the tank 10 is introduced into the pressurizing chamber 51a of the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 and the pressurizing chamber 51 of the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9, respectively. Thereby, in the initial stage of the lifting work, both the pneumatic cylinders 83 and 84 and the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 are used. The power of is added. As a result, an upward force is applied to the bed portion 21. Therefore, the ambulance crew can easily lift the bed portion 21. After raising the bed portion 21, the lock release levers 35a and 35b are released to lock the legs 22.

  By the way, when a failure occurs in the ascending assisting device, it may be preferable to release the ascending assisting device and raise the bed portion 21 only by hand. In addition, when a failure occurs in the ascending assisting device, a force in the deploying direction is still applied to the leg 22, and it may be difficult to easily fold the leg 22. For example, if a failure occurs in the suction switches 11a and 13a after the legs 22 are deployed, the high-pressure gas cannot be removed from the pressurizing chamber 51 of the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9, and the bed portion 21 is carried into an ambulance as it is. It becomes difficult.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the release device 72 that forcibly releases the ascending auxiliary device is provided. Specifically, the air release pipes 73a and 73b having the release switch 71 are connected to the suction pipes 43a and 43b.

  In this embodiment, when any trouble occurs in the piping system 50, the release switch 71 is input to force the high-pressure gas in the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 to the atmosphere through the atmosphere release pipes 73a and 73b. Open. Thereby, the high voltage | pressure part of the piping system 50 is open | released outside, and a raise auxiliary | assistance apparatus is cancelled | released compulsorily. Therefore, there is no possibility that the ascending auxiliary device will hinder the work in the event of failure. Therefore, in the event of an emergency, the emergency personnel can perform the deployment or folding of the legs 22 by hand alone. Therefore, the reliability of emergency work can be improved.

  As described above, the stretcher 1 has a power assist function that assists the emergency personnel in all stages of lifting the bed portion 21. Therefore, the burden on ambulance crews is greatly reduced. For this reason, even an ambulance crew with inferior power can smoothly lift the bed portion 21. In addition, it is possible to reduce the fatigue of ambulance crews and prevent damage (such as back pain).

  By the way, in the stretcher that raises the bed portion 21 by deploying the legs 22 as in the present embodiment, the load required for deploying the legs 22 is particularly large in the initial stage of the lifting operation. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, the required load is greatest when the bed portion 21 is at the lowest position, and decreases rapidly as the bed portion 21 rises. Such a relationship between the required load and the height of the bed portion 21 is based on the folding structure of the legs 22. That is, the ascending direction of the bed portion 21 is a vertical direction, and the component that contributes to the ascent of the bed portion 21 out of the force that develops the leg 22 is the vertical component of the force that acts along the longitudinal direction of the main legs 24a and 25a. It is because it is limited to. For this reason, if the height of the bed portion 21 is low, the legs 22 are not sufficiently raised yet, so that the vertical component of the force acting on the legs 22 is small and a large load is required. On the other hand, when the height of the bed portion 21 is increased, the leg 22 is in a standing state to some extent, so that the vertical component of the force acting on the leg 22 is increased and the required load is reduced.

  Therefore, a stretcher equipped with only the main lift assist device requires a relatively large capacity lift assist device that exerts a large load required in the initial stage. However, the required load of the main lift assist device can be reduced by combining the main lift assist device with the initial lift assist device as in this embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size or capacity of the main lift assist device.

  Since the speed controller 47 is provided in the suction pipes 43a and 43b and the inflow speed of the high-pressure gas from the tank 10 to the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 is adjusted, it is possible to prevent the legs 22 from rapidly expanding. Therefore, the bed portion 21 can be slowly raised so as not to give a burden such as shock or shaking to the sick. Further, the standing speed of the leg 22 can be freely adjusted according to the lifting operation of the emergency personnel, the weight of the victim, etc., and the lifting operation can be performed more efficiently.

  Since the speed controller 48 is provided in the exhaust pipe 46 and the discharge speed when the high-pressure gas in the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 is discharged is adjusted, rapid discharge of the high-pressure gas can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to improve the convenience of the stretcher 1 without giving unnecessary stimulation to the victim or the emergency personnel at the time of releasing the high-pressure gas. Moreover, the bed part 21 can be prevented from abruptly descending, and the work burden of the emergency personnel and the stress of the victim can be reduced. Further, since the impact on the stretcher 1 is reduced, the life of the stretcher 1 can be extended.

  Since the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 are used as the actuator for assisting the lifting work of the bed portion 21, the actuator can be configured relatively easily. Further, since the structure and operation are simple, a highly reliable actuator can be obtained. Furthermore, the weight of the actuator can be reduced.

  Since the tank 10 for storing high-pressure gas is attached to the stretcher 1, there is no need to separately prepare a gas supply source (gas cylinder or the like) for supplying high-pressure gas to the pneumatic cylinders 8, 9, 83, 84. The pneumatic cylinders 8, 9, 83, and 84 can be freely operated at any time at the transfer site of the retarder 1.

  In the present embodiment, the tank 10 is a fixed tank that is not removable, but the tank 10 may be configured to be removable. In this embodiment, the tank 10 is fixed to the bed portion 21, but the tank 10 is provided separately from the bed portion 21 as long as the tank 10 is connected to the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 via pipes or tubes. It may be.

  The high pressure gas piping system of the stretcher 1 is not limited to the piping system 50 (see FIG. 10).

  The high-pressure gas used in the stretcher 1 is not limited to oxygen gas, but may be other types of gas such as high-pressure air or nitrogen gas.

  The number of pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 is not limited to two, but may be one or three or more. The number of pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 is not limited at all.

  The pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 of the above embodiment are pneumatic cylinders in which the piston rod 28 is contracted by introducing high-pressure gas. However, by changing the structure of the leg 22 and the like, the piston rod is introduced by introducing high-pressure gas. It is of course possible to use a pneumatic cylinder of a type in which

  The speed adjusting means for adjusting the ascending speed and the descending speed of the bed portion 21 is not limited to the speed controllers 47 and 48, and other types of speed adjusting means, for example, other mechanical or electronic speed adjusting means may be used. Good.

  The stretcher 1 is intended to improve convenience by attaching the tank 10, but the stretcher according to the present invention includes those that do not include the tank 10. For example, a gas inlet may be provided in the gas piping system 50, and the high-pressure gas may be directly introduced into the piping system 50 from a gas supply source such as a gas cylinder. Even such a stretcher can exhibit a power assist function using high-pressure gas.

  In the above embodiment, the pneumatic cylinders 8 and 9 are used as the actuator of the main lift assist device. However, the actuator according to the present invention is not limited to the pneumatic cylinder, and introduces a high-pressure gas and uses the high-pressure gas. Then, another type of actuator that applies an upward force to the bed portion 21 may be used. For example, a pneumatic motor can be used as the actuator.

  In addition, the actuator is not limited to the one using high-pressure gas, and may be an actuator using another driving source. For example, a hydraulic or electric actuator may be used.

  As in the above-described embodiment, the actuator may raise the bed portion 21 by applying a force in the deploying direction to the leg 22, but the direction of raising the bed portion 21 without applying a force to the leg 22 itself. The power of giving For example, the actuator which is arrange | positioned between the bed part 21 and the ground, and raises the bed part 21 by pushing the ground may be sufficient.

  As described above, the present invention is particularly useful for a stretcher used for transporting a victim at an emergency site or the like.

It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 1. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 1. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 2. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 3. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 4. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 5. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 6. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 6. It is a side view of the stretcher of Embodiment 7. It is a piping system diagram of the stretcher of Embodiment 7. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the height of a bed part, and a required load.

Explanation of symbols

1 Stretcher 8, 9 Pneumatic cylinder (main lift assist device, main actuator)
11, 13 Suction switch 21 Bed portion 22 Leg 23 Wheel 24 Front leg 25 Rear leg 31, 32, 33 Slider 83, 84 Pneumatic cylinder (initial lifting assist device, actuator)
85,86 Piston rod

Claims (9)

A bed portion on which a sick person is placed; a leg that is foldable on the bed portion; and that is unfolded when the bed portion is raised and folded when the bed portion is lowered; and a wheel provided on the leg. A stretcher equipped with
An initial lifting assist device that applies a force in the direction of lifting to the bed part in an initial stage of lifting work for lifting the bed part from a lowest position to a predetermined midway position between the lowest and highest positions Stretcher.   2. The stretcher according to claim 1, wherein the initial lifting assist device includes an actuator that applies a force in a direction of rising to the bed portion when high-pressure gas is introduced, and a switch that turns the actuator on / off. .   The stretcher according to claim 2, wherein the actuator is a pneumatic cylinder.   2. The stretcher according to claim 1, wherein the initial raising assist device includes a hydraulic actuator that applies a force in a rising direction to the bed portion, and a switch that turns the actuator on and off.   2. The stretcher according to claim 1, wherein the initial raising assist device includes an electric actuator that applies a force in a rising direction to the bed portion, and a switch that turns the actuator on and off.   The initial lifting assist device is swingably attached to the bed portion, and rotates when a foot is depressed with a foot, and the rotational force of the foot lever is converted into a force in the upward direction of the bed portion. The stretcher according to claim 1, further comprising a link mechanism.   In the later stage of the lifting operation for raising the bed portion from the midway position to the highest position, or in all the steps of the lifting operation for raising the bed portion from the lowest position to the highest position, the bed portion The stretcher as described in any one of Claims 1-6 further equipped with the main raising auxiliary | assistance apparatus which gives the force of the direction which raises to the side.   The stretcher according to claim 7, wherein the main lifting assist device is a device that applies a force in the direction of deployment to the legs to apply a force in the lifting direction to the bed portion. The said main raising auxiliary | assistance apparatus is provided with the main actuator which gives the force of the direction which raises to the said bed part by introduce | transducing high pressure gas, and the main switch which turns on and turns off the said main actuator. Stretcher as described in

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