JP2005019390A - Lightning arrester - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lightning arrester capable of increasing certainty of capturing a thunderbolt, simplified in structure, and lowered in cost. <P>SOLUTION: A charging electrode 4 of a conductor, which is supported by a grounded support column 2 while being electrically insulated via an insulating material 3, is charged by collisional friction (collisional friction with floating materials such as dust included in wind) with the wind, and by this charge, spatial discharge is generated between a discharge electrode 5 having conduction with the charging electrode 4 and the support column 2 before generation of a downward streamer of a thundercloud. Air is ionized by this spatial discharge, and the generation direction of the downward streamer is guided by ion flow of charged ions, and a thunderbolt is guided to the lightning arrester 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a lightning arrester that generates ionized ions of air by space discharge and guides lightning strikes.

  As this type of lightning arrester, for example, the one found in Japanese Patent No. 2519433 (Patent Document 1) is known. This lightning arrester charges the capacitor with a voltage induced in the electrode body by the charge of air ionized by a spatial electric field at the time of thundercloud generation. Then, using the phenomenon that the charging voltage of the capacitor suddenly rises immediately before the lightning strike (tens of microseconds before the lightning strike), when the rising speed of the charging voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold, the capacitor is charged by the discharging circuit. By applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, a spatial discharge is generated between the discharge electrode and a grounded rod-shaped conductor (lightning rod) to ionize the air. In this case, of the ionization ions generated by the space discharge, the ionization ions having the opposite polarity to the accumulated charge at the bottom of the thundercloud are raised by an electric field generated between the thundercloud and the ground, while being upwardly streamed (air insulation). The phenomenon of ionization due to destruction progresses upward), and the upward streamer guides the downward streamer from the thundercloud to the ground to the lightning rod of the lightning arrester.

Since such a lightning arrester generates an upward streamer, the probability that lightning strikes to the lightning arrester of the lightning arrester is higher than that of a simple grounded lightning arrester. Moreover, in the thing of patent document 1, since discharge energy is charged to a capacitor | condenser using the strong electric field energy just before a lightning strike, it becomes possible to generate ionization ions, without using an external energy source.
Patent 2519433

  However, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the capacitor charging voltage is not applied to the discharge electrode until the charging voltage of the capacitor rapidly rises just before the lightning strike, which is only several tens of microseconds before the lightning strike, so that no spatial discharge is generated. It has become a thing. Also, as shown in Patent Document 1, a strong electric field is generated immediately before a lightning strike, and therefore, before a space discharge occurs in the lightning arrester, other objects such as buildings around the lightning arrester (for example, There are many cases in which a spatial discharge is generated from a floating conductor or something close to it, the frequency of a radiated electromagnetic field generated by a downward streamer, which resonates more easily than a lightning arrester, or a tree. And, when there is an object that generates a spatial discharge ahead of the lightning arrester in the vicinity of the lightning arrester in this way, an upward streamer is generated from the vicinity of the object before the lightning arrester, and as a result, Often, a lightning striker of a lightning arrester does not strike a lightning rod but strikes the object or its vicinity. Therefore, in the thing of patent document 1, the certainty of capturing a lightning strike with a lightning arrester was insufficient. Patent Document 1 requires a circuit that detects a sudden rise in the charging voltage of a capacitor and a discharge circuit that starts discharge accordingly, and protects these circuits from strong electromagnetic radiation during lightning strikes. Since a means for this is necessary, it has become expensive.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object thereof is to provide a lightning arrester that can increase the certainty of lightning protection and can be made inexpensive with a simple configuration.

  As a result of diligent efforts made by the inventors of the present application through various studies and experiments, the following has been found. That is, since thunderclouds are generated by air currents, relatively strong winds are almost certainly generated when thunderclouds are generated. In addition, collision friction between such a wind and an insulated conductor (more precisely, collision friction between a floating substance such as water vapor, dust, water droplets, snowflakes, and ice crystals, which is generally included in the wind, and the conductor) occurs. When this is done, the conductor is charged to a voltage that spontaneously generates a spatial discharge relatively easily. Furthermore, since a relatively strong wind is easily blown continuously when a thundercloud is generated, the above-described spatial discharge can be generated almost without interruption before the thundercloud grows and a downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud.

  Accordingly, a first invention of a lightning arrester according to the present invention is a lightning arrester that generates ionized ions of air by space discharge and guides lightning strikes by the ionized ions, and a strut made of a conductor grounded to the ground; A charging electrode comprising a conductor that is supported by the support via an insulating member and is electrically insulated from the support, and is provided so as to spontaneously generate a space discharge due to charging caused by collision with wind. Features.

  According to the first aspect of the invention, the charging electrode is provided so as to spontaneously generate a spatial discharge due to the charging caused by the collision friction with the wind. Therefore, based on the wind blown when the thundercloud is generated, It is possible to spontaneously generate a spatial discharge and, in turn, generate ionized ions, almost without interruption from the early stage before the downward streamer toward the surface is generated. For this reason, in the lightning arrester of the first invention, the ionized ions having a polarity different from the accumulated charge at the cloud bottom of the thundercloud among the generated ionization ions rise due to the action of the electric field accompanying the approach of the thundercloud, It is possible to generate an upward streamer at an earlier stage than the surrounding buildings. As a result, the probability that the downward streamer from the thundercloud is guided by the upward streamer generated from the lightning arrester increases, and it is possible to increase the certainty of guiding the lightning strike to the lightning arrester. Further, since the lightning arrester of the first invention uses a spatial discharge that naturally occurs as the charging electrode is charged by the friction between the wind and the charging electrode, it requires a detection circuit and a discharge circuit like the conventional lightning arrester. Because it does not, it can be simple and inexpensive.

  In the first invention, it is preferable that the charging electrode is made of a conductive fiber (second invention). Conductive fiber has the property of easily generating a spatial discharge due to its charging, so if the charged electrode is made of conductive fiber, the charged electrode itself is likely to generate a spatial discharge, generating ionized ions. Can be effectively implemented without interruption as much as possible.

  In the second invention, the support column is provided with at least a portion near one end portion extending in the vertical direction, and the charging electrode is formed by forming a plate material made of conductive fibers into a substantially conical shape. The inner peripheral surface of the top is preferably supported by one end of the support via the insulating member mounted on one end of the support (third invention). In this case, in particular, the insulating member is an insulating member formed in a substantially conical shape, and the charging electrode is supported on the insulating member by supporting the inner peripheral surface of the top portion on the outer peripheral surface of the insulating member. It is preferable to cover (fourth invention).

  In the third and fourth inventions, since the charging electrode is formed in a substantially conical shape, the charging electrode can be easily attached to the column by supporting the top of the charging electrode on the insulating member attached to one end of the column. It can be supported on one end of the support column while being insulated. In particular, in the fourth invention, since the insulating member is formed in a substantially conical shape, the positional relationship between the two can be regulated to a predetermined positional relationship by supporting the charging electrode so as to cover the insulating member. It is possible to easily assemble the device. Further, in this case, it is extremely easy to remove the charging electrode from the insulating member, so that the charging electrode can be easily replaced.

  Next, a fifth invention of the lightning arrester of the present invention is a lightning arrester which generates ionized ions of air by space discharge and guides lightning strike, and is grounded and made of a conductor and having a wind inlet and an outlet. A bottomed cylindrical shape including a first air collecting tube and a second air collecting tube, and a conductor which is disposed with an opening end facing the outlet of the first air collecting tube and is electrically insulated from both air collecting tubes. And a bottomed tube made of a conductor electrically insulated from both the air collecting pipes and the first current collecting tank, with the opening end opposed to the outlet of the second air collecting pipe The second current collecting tank, the first air collecting pipe and the first current collecting tank are electrically insulated from each other, and both ends in the axial center direction are respectively connected to the first air collecting pipe and the first current collecting tank. The first annular electrode made of a conductor disposed opposite the battery case, and the second air collector tube and the second current collector tank are electrically disconnected from each other. And an annular second annular electrode made of a conductor disposed so that both ends in the axial direction are opposed to the second air collecting tube and the second current collecting tank, respectively, and a space formed by charging of the first current collecting tank. Spatial discharge naturally occurs due to the first discharge electrode made of a grounded conductor provided at a position close to the outer surface of the first current collection tank and the charge of the second current collection tank so that the discharge occurs naturally And a second discharge electrode made of a grounded conductor provided at a position close to the outer surface of the second current collection tank, and conducting the first current collection tank to the second annular electrode, In addition, the second current collecting tank is electrically connected to the first annular electrode.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when wind is introduced into each air collecting tube from the introduction port, friction between the above-mentioned suspended matter such as water droplets, dust and snowflakes contained in the air and the inner wall of the air collecting tube. By this, the suspended matter is charged. Then, after the charged floating matter is blown out from each air collecting tube, it is transported together with the wind to the current collecting tank facing the air outlet of the air collecting tube and collides with the bottom of the current collecting tank. At this time, charge is exchanged between the floating substance and the current collection tank, and the current collection tank is charged. The charging of the current collecting tank is the same in both the first and second current collecting tanks, but in general, the charging voltages of the two current collecting tanks are different from each other. For this reason, between the 1st annular electrode and the 1st current collection tank which conduct to the 2nd current collection tank, and between the 2nd annular electrode and the 2nd current collection tank which conduct to the 1st current collection tank Generates electrostatic induction. At this time, due to the positive feedback action associated with the electrostatic induction, the current collecting tank in which the magnitude of the initial charging voltage is larger on the positive side of both current collecting tanks is positively charged, and the other current collecting tank is Negatively charged. As a result, one of the current collectors is rapidly charged to the positive polarity, and the other is rapidly charged to the negative polarity. And the space discharge naturally generate | occur | produces from each discharge electrode by the electric field between each current collection tank and the discharge electrode adjacent to this accompanying the charging. Thereby, ionized ions are generated around each discharge electrode.

  In this case, both current collecting tanks are charged based on the wind blown when a lightning strike occurs, and the charging proceeds rapidly, so that a spatial discharge from each discharge electrode can be generated almost without interruption. Accordingly, ionized ions can be generated almost without interruption from an early stage before the downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud. Further, it is possible to generate an upward streamer of ionized ions earlier than a structure around the lightning arrester by the action of the electric field when the thundercloud approaches. As a result, the probability that the downward streamer from the thundercloud is guided by the upward streamer generated from the lightning arrester increases, and the certainty of guiding the lightning strike to the lightning arrester can be increased. In addition, the lightning arrester of the fifth invention does not require a detection circuit and a discharge circuit unlike the conventional lightning arrester, as in the first invention, and can be simple and inexpensive.

  In the fifth aspect of the invention, it is desirable that each of the air collecting tubes is formed so that the inner diameter thereof is reduced from the inlet side toward the outlet (sixth aspect).

  According to this, the collision friction between the floating substance contained in the wind entering from the inlet of each air collecting tube and the inner wall surface of the air collecting tube is likely to occur, so that the charging of the floating object can be promoted. For this reason, electrification of each current collection tank in which this floating substance is conveyed can be promoted, and consequently, spatial discharge between each current collection tank and the discharge electrode adjacent thereto can be promoted.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a main part configuration of a lightning arrester 1 according to the present embodiment in a side view.

  The lightning arrester 1 includes a support column 2 extending in the vertical direction, a charging electrode 4 supported on the support column 2 via an insulating member 3, and a plurality of (two in this embodiment) discharge electrodes that generate space discharge. And 5. The support column 2 is made of a conductor such as metal, like a normal projecting lightning rod. In addition, although the upper end of the support | pillar 2 is made sharp in the figure, it is desirable that the upper end of the support | pillar 2 which functions as a lightning rod is a convex shape practically. The support column 2 is installed on a building or the ground via a support rod 7 connected to the support column 2 by a connection fitting 6 provided at the lower end thereof, and is grounded to the ground via a lead wire cable 8.

  In the present embodiment, the insulating member 3 is formed in a truncated cone shape, and an attachment member (not shown) is provided in a state where the upper portion of the support column 2 is passed through the through hole 3a drilled in the axial center portion thereof. It is being fixed to the support | pillar 2 via. The insulating member 3 does not need to be solid, and may be a frame-like member configured by assembling a plurality of plate parts made of an insulating material, for example.

  The charging electrode 4 includes a base portion 4a formed in a truncated cone shape, and a plurality of acute-angled protruding portions protruding obliquely downward (side line direction of the base portion 4a) from the lower end of the base portion 4a. 4b. The protruding portions 4b are arranged in a sawtooth shape in the circumferential direction at the lower end of the base portion 4a. The base portion 4a and the protruding portion 4b are integrally formed from a metal conductor plate and are electrically connected to each other. The charging electrode 4 thus formed is externally inserted into the insulating member 3 so that the inner peripheral surface of the base portion 4a is supported on the outer peripheral surface of the insulating member 3. Thus, the charging electrode 4 is supported by the support 2 via the insulating member 3 and is electrically insulated from the support 2. In this case, since the base portion 4a of the charging electrode 4 and the insulating member 3 are frustoconical, the charging electrode 4 can be easily regulated by extrapolating the charging electrode 4 to the insulating member 3, so that the charging electrode 4 is regulated. 4 can be supported on the insulating member 3 at a predetermined position. The charging electrode 4 is supported by the insulating member 3 as described above, and the base portion 4a is fixed to the insulating member 3 by a mounting member (not shown). In the present embodiment, the opening diameter of the upper end of the base portion 4 a of the charging electrode 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the insulating member 3 and smaller than the outer diameter of the lower end of the insulating member 3. . Therefore, the upper end portion of the insulating member 3 protrudes upward from the upper end opening of the charging electrode 4.

  The shapes of the charging electrode 4 and the insulating member 3 do not necessarily have a truncated cone shape.

  Each discharge electrode 5 is a metal rod-shaped conductor, and in this embodiment, is inserted through the insulating member 3 so as to extend in the vertical direction around the support column 2. The discharge electrodes 5 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the support column 2 in a state where the discharge electrodes 5 are electrically insulated from the support column 2 by the insulating member 3. In the example shown in the figure, the two discharge electrodes 5 and 5 are arranged to face each other with the support 2 sandwiched between them. Each discharge electrode 5 is fixed to the insulating member 3 via an attachment member (not shown).

  A tip end portion 5 a (upper end portion) of each discharge electrode 5 protruding above the insulating member 3 is formed in an acute angle and is close to the outer peripheral surface of the support column 2. Further, the lower end portion 5b of the portion of each discharge electrode 5 protruding below the insulating member 3 is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the charging electrode 4 via a conductor cable or a conductor member (not shown). Is connected to. In addition, each discharge electrode 5 may be arrange | positioned at the outer peripheral surface side of the charging electrode 4, and you may make it carry out by fixing to the outer peripheral surface.

  Next, the operation of the lightning arrester 1 of this embodiment will be described.

  Since thunderclouds are generated by a strong air current, relatively strong winds blow continuously or frequently when thunderclouds occur. When the wind collides with the charging electrode, the charging electrode is caused by collision friction with the wind (more specifically, collision friction between various floating substances such as dust, water vapor, and snowflakes contained in the wind and the charging electrode 4). 4 is positively or negatively charged (positive or negative charge is accumulated on the charging electrode 4).

  Since the wind when a thundercloud is generated is relatively strong, the charge accumulation of the charging electrode 4 is likely to proceed, and the voltage (potential difference between the charging electrode 4 and each discharge electrode 5 conducted to the charging electrode 4) is The voltage rises to a voltage at which a local space discharge can occur around the discharge electrode 5 (a voltage that does not lead to the occurrence of all-path destruction of the space between the discharge electrode 5 and the column 2). Thereby, a spatial discharge is generated from each discharge electrode 5. Note that the current during the space discharge increases as the charge generation amount of the charging electrode 4 increases.

  At this time, since the wind collides with the charging electrode 4 continuously or frequently and the charge is replenished almost without interruption, the voltage from the discharge electrode 5 is maintained while the voltage of the charging electrode 4 is maintained substantially constant. Discharge occurs virtually without interruption. Here, “substantially without interruption” means that the time when the spatial discharge stops is sufficiently shorter than the time when it occurs.

  Supplementally, in the present embodiment, since the charging electrode 4 is formed in the shape of a truncated cone, the wind passing through the portion of the charging electrode 4 is not significantly affected by the direction of the wind. It is easy to collide with. Moreover, since the protrusion 4b is formed on the charging electrode 4, wind turbulence is likely to occur in the vicinity thereof. As a result, collision friction between the charging electrode 4 and suspended matter in the wind tends to occur, and the charging electrode 4 can be easily and efficiently charged.

  When a space discharge is generated from the discharge electrode 5 as described above, air is ionized by the space discharge, and positive and negative ionized ions are generated. In this case, positive and negative ionization ions are generated substantially without interruption by generating the space discharge substantially without interruption.

  Further, when the thundercloud approaches, among the positive and negative ionization ions generated by the spatial discharge from the discharge electrode 5, the ionization ion having a polarity determined by the direction of the lightning electric field (usually the ionization ion having the opposite polarity to the accumulated charge at the thundercloud bottom). ) Rises toward the cloud bottom by the action of the lightning electric field and forms an upward streamer. In this case, the generation of ionized ions due to the space discharge is performed substantially without interruption before the thundercloud grows and the downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud, so the upward streamer from the lightning arrester 1 Occurs prior to the occurrence of a downward streamer.

  For this reason, when a downward streamer is generated from a thundercloud, the downward streamer is guided to the upward streamer generated from the lightning arrester 1 prior to the streamer, and united with the upward streamer. As a result, a continuous charge channel is formed between the thundercloud and the lightning arrester 1, and lightning from the thundercloud is guided to the lightning arrester 1. The lightning current that is guided to the lightning arrester 1 flows between the ground and the thundercloud via the support 2.

  Here, when a downward streamer is generated from a thundercloud, an upward streamer may be generated from a building or the like around the lightning arrester 1 by a strong lightning electric field. However, since the lightning arrester 1 easily generates a space discharge (easily generates ionized ions) based on the charging of the charging electrode 4 due to the collision friction between the wind and the charging electrode 4, a thundercloud approaches. Sometimes, there is a high probability that an upward streamer will occur earlier than the surrounding buildings. Further, the upward streamer travels rapidly toward the thundercloud by a strong lightning electric field when the downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud. Therefore, the downward streamer generated from the thundercloud merges with the upward streamer from the lightning arrester 1 with a high probability, and lightning strikes the lightning arrester 1.

  As described above, the lightning arrester 1 according to the present embodiment can generate an upward streamer at an early stage by utilizing the charging of the charging electrode 4 due to the collision friction between the wind and the charging electrode 4 when a thundercloud is generated. The certainty of guiding lightning strikes to the lightning arrester 1 can be improved. In addition, since no special control circuit or detection circuit is required, the cost can be reduced with a very simple configuration.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a main part configuration of the lightning arrester 11 of the present embodiment in a side view.

  The lightning arrester 11 includes a support column 12 extending in the vertical direction and a charging electrode 14 supported via an insulating member 13 of the support column 12. The support 12 is made of a conductor such as metal and is grounded to the ground. In addition, the installation structure to the building etc. of the support | pillar 12 may be the same as that of the first embodiment.

  The insulating member 13 is formed in a conical shape, and is fixed to the support column 12 with the upper end portion of the support column 12 being inserted into a hole 13a formed in the center of the lower surface portion thereof. The insulating member 13 may be solid or a hollow frame.

  The charging electrode 14 includes a base portion 14a formed in a hollow conical shape, and a plurality of acute-angled protruding portions 14b that protrude obliquely downward (side line direction of the base portion 14a) from the lower end of the base portion 14a. The projecting portions 14b are arranged in a sawtooth shape in the circumferential direction at the lower end of the base portion 14a. The base portion 14a and the protruding portion 14b are integrally formed from a conductive fiber sheet material such as Sanderlon (registered trademark), Selmec (registered trademark), and are electrically connected to each other. Here, Thunderon is a thin film layer of a copper sulfide acrylic acid compound formed on the surface of a synthetic fiber made of a polymer compound. Selmek is a thin film layer of silver or aluminum on the surface of a synthetic fiber made of a polymer compound. Is formed. This type of conductive fiber has the property of easily generating a spatial discharge due to its charging. In addition, since the polarity of the electric charge accumulated on the cloud bottom of a normal thundercloud is negative, and in many cases, a downward streamer of lightning strikes is generated from the cloud bottom, the polymer compound of conductive fibers forming the charging electrode 14 Basically, it is desirable to use a material that is easily positively charged by collision friction with wind. However, the downward streamer of lightning strikes in mountainous areas in winter tends to occur from the cloud top where positive charges accumulate, and in such a case, the polymer compound of the conductive fiber forming the charging electrode 14 is negatively charged. It is desirable to use an easy-to-use material.

  The charging electrode 14 thus formed is externally inserted into the insulating member 13 so that the inner peripheral surface of the upper portion of the base portion 14 a is supported by the outer peripheral surface of the insulating member 13. Thereby, the charging electrode 14 is supported by the support 12 through the insulating member 13. In this case, since the base portion 14a of the charging electrode 14 and the insulating member 13 have a conical shape, the positional relationship between the two can be easily regulated by extrapolating the charging electrode 14 to the insulating member 13. Can be supported on the insulating member 13 at a predetermined position. The charging electrode 14 may be detachably fixed to the insulating member 13 by a mounting member (not shown) in a state where the charging electrode 14 is supported by the insulating member 13 as described above. It may be merely extrapolated (covered) on the insulating member 13.

  Next, the operation of the lightning arrester 11 of this embodiment will be described.

  As in the first embodiment, the charging electrode 14 is charged by the collision friction between the wind blown when a thundercloud is generated and the charging electrode 14. In addition, when the polymer compound of the conductive fiber forming the charging electrode 14 is of a material that is easily positively charged by collision with wind, the charging electrode 14 is positively charged and easily negatively charged. The charging electrode 14 is negatively charged.

  The charging electrode 14 generates a local space discharge with respect to the surrounding space due to the charging. In this case, since the charging electrode 14 is formed of conductive fibers, it is easy to generate space discharge. Therefore, electric charges are replenished to the charging electrode 14 almost continuously due to continuous or frequent collision friction between the wind and the charging electrode 14 when thunderclouds are generated, and the space surrounding the charging electrode 14 is substantially continuous. Space discharge occurs. Further, by this space discharge, positive and negative ionized ions are generated substantially without interruption as in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the charging electrode 14 has substantially the same shape (conical shape) as that of the first embodiment, and the protruding portion 14b is formed at the lower end portion. Similarly, collision friction between the charging electrode 14 and suspended matter in the wind is likely to occur, and the charging electrode 14 is efficiently and easily charged.

  Then, when the thundercloud approaches, ionized ions with a polarity determined by the direction of the lightning electric field (usually ionized ions with a polarity opposite to the accumulated charge at the bottom of the thundercloud) among the generated positive and negative ionized ions act on the lightning electric field. As a result, an upward streamer is generated while moving toward the thundercloud. In this case, the generation of ionized ions due to the space discharge is substantially continuously performed before the downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud, so that the upward streamer from the lightning arrester 11 generates the downward streamer from the thundercloud. Occurs prior to. Further, since the upward streamer from the lightning arrester 11 is generated before the downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud, the probability that the upward streamer is generated earlier than the surrounding buildings and the like is extremely high.

  For this reason, as in the first embodiment, when a downward streamer is generated from a thundercloud, the downward streamer is guided to the upward streamer generated from the lightning arrester 11 prior to the streamer and merged with the upward streamer. . As a result, lightning from the thundercloud is guided to the lightning arrester 1. The lightning current guided to the lightning arrester 11 flows to the ground via the charging electrode 14 and the support column 12.

  Thus, since the lightning arrester 11 of this embodiment can generate an upward streamer at an early stage as in the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the certainty of guiding a lightning strike to the lightning arrester 1. In addition, since no special control circuit or detection circuit is required, the cost can be reduced with a very simple configuration. In addition, the lightning arrester 11 can generate a spatial discharge without using a discharge electrode or the like by using a conductive fiber as the charging electrode 14, so that the configuration of the lightning arrester 11 is further simplified. Can be. In addition, although the conductive fiber constituting the charging electrode 14 is likely to deteriorate its discharge performance, the structure of the lightning arrester 11 is a simple configuration as described above, so that the charging electrode 14 can be replaced very easily. it can.

  The lightning arrester 11 of this embodiment was installed, for example in the several places of a golf course, and the effect of the lightning arrester 11 was confirmed. Moreover, many lightning arresters 11 were installed in the vicinity of the ridgeline of a mountainous area, and the effect of the lightning arresters 11 was confirmed. Furthermore, the effect of the lightning arrester 11 was confirmed by installing a plurality of lightning arresters 11 along the mountainous power transmission line. As a result, it was confirmed that lightning strikes on standing trees can be prevented at golf courses. In mountainous areas, it was confirmed that lightning strikes the lightning arrester 11 reliably. In addition, it was confirmed that the number of lightning strikes to the transmission line drastically decreased along the mountainous transmission line.

  In the first and second embodiments, the entire support columns 2 and 12 are extended in the vertical direction. However, only the one end side portion may be extended in the vertical direction. Or it is also possible to make a support | pillar extend in a horizontal direction.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of the lightning arrester 21 of the present embodiment in plan view.

  The lightning arrester 21 includes a first air collecting tube 22a and a second air collecting tube 22b each having a wind inlet 23 and an outlet 24, and a bottomed cylindrical first current collecting tank 25a and a second current collecting tank. 25b, a first annular electrode 26a disposed between the first air collection tube 22a and the first current collection tank 25a, and a second air collection tube 22b and the second current collection tank 22b. A second annular electrode 26b, a first discharge electrode 27a provided close to the outer surface of the first current collecting tank 25a, and a second discharge electrode 27b provided close to the outer surface of the second current collecting tank 25b It has. Each of the air collecting tubes 22a and 22b, each of the current collecting tanks 25a and 25b, each of the annular electrodes 26a and 26b, and each of the discharge electrodes 27a and 27b is made of a conductor such as metal. The air collecting tubes 22a and 22b, the current collecting tanks 25a and 25b, the annular electrodes 26a and 26b, and the discharge electrodes 27a and 27b are shown in a horizontal section in the drawing. In the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish between the air collecting tubes 22a and 22b, the subscripts a and b are omitted and the air collecting tube 22 is simply referred to. The same applies to the current collecting tanks 25a and 25b, the annular electrodes 26a and 26b, and the discharge electrodes 27a and 27b.

  Each air collecting tube 23 is tubular (cylindrical), one end of which is a wind inlet 23 and the other end is an outlet 24. Both the air collecting pipes 22 and 22 are fixed and installed on the base 28 via an attachment member (not shown). Each air collecting tube 22 has an opening area of the inlet 23 that is sufficiently large to facilitate the entry of the wind, and the wind that has entered from the inlet 23 of the air collecting pipe 22 The inner diameter is formed so as to decrease from the inlet port 23 toward the outlet port 24 so as to be accelerated while causing collision friction with the inner wall surface. The air collecting tubes 22 and 22 are connected to each other through a conductor member 29 (or a conductor cable) grounded to the ground, and are connected to each other and grounded. Each air collecting tube 22 configured in this manner removes suspended matter such as raindrops, dust, and snowflakes contained in the wind due to collision friction between the wind entering from the inlet 23 and the inner wall surface of the air collecting tube 22. It is charged, and the charged suspended matter is blown out together with the wind from the outlet 24 toward the front. In the drawing, the air collecting tubes 22 and 22 have their axes oriented in the direction, but their orientations are not necessarily the same. Further, the air collecting tubes 22 and 22 may be grounded separately.

  The first current collecting tank 25a is arranged substantially coaxially with the first air collecting pipe 22a with the opening end 30 thereof facing the outlet 24 of the first air collecting pipe 22a, and the second current collecting tank 25b is The opening end 30 is opposed to the outlet 24 of the second air collecting tube 22b, and is arranged substantially coaxially with the second air collecting tube 22b. Both the current collecting tanks 25 and 25 are fixed and installed on a base 31 that is an insulator via a mounting member (not shown) to be insulated from each other, and both the current collecting tubes 22 and 22 and both discharges. It is electrically insulated from the electrodes 27 and 27. Moreover, in order to discharge | emit the suspended | floating matter contained in the wind which blows off from each wind collecting tube 22 which opposes to the bottom part (this is formed in hemispherical shape in this embodiment) of each current collection tank 25 with a wind. A plurality of small-diameter discharge holes 32 are formed. In each of the current collecting tanks 25 configured in this way, most of the floating substances (which are charged) contained in the wind blown out from the opposing air collecting pipes 22 collide with the bottom of the current collecting tank 25. Thus, it is charged by receiving the electric charge of the floating substance (collecting the electric charge of the floating substance).

  The first annular electrode 26a is disposed substantially coaxially with the first air collection tube 22a and the first current collecting tank 25a, and the second annular electrode 26b is formed between the second air collection tube 22b and the second current collection tube. These are arranged almost coaxially with the battery case 25b. The first annular electrode 26a is connected to the second current collecting tank 25b via the conductor cable 33a (or a conductor member) and is electrically connected to the second current collecting tank 25b. The second annular electrode 26b is a conductor The first current collecting tank 25a is connected to the first current collecting tank 25a through a cable 33b (or a conductor member) and is electrically connected to the first current collecting tank 25a. Both annular electrodes 26, 26 are fixed and installed on a base 34, which is an insulator, via a mounting member (not shown). And the 1st annular electrode 26a is from things other than the 2nd current collection tank 25b (the 1st current collection tank 25a, the 2nd annular electrode 26b, both the current collection tubes 22 and 22, and both discharge electrodes 27 and 27 are included). The second annular electrode 26b is electrically insulated and other than the first current collecting tank 25a (second current collecting tank 25b, first annular electrode 26a, both air collecting tubes 22, 22, both discharge electrodes 27, 27). Is electrically isolated from The diameter (inner diameter) of the first annular electrode 26a is larger than the diameter of the outlet 24 of the first air collecting tube 22a, and the air blown from the outlet of the first air collecting tube 22a is The first annular electrode 26a hardly causes friction. The same applies to the relationship between the diameter (inner diameter) of the second annular electrode 26b and the diameter of the outlet 24 of the second air collecting tube 22b.

  Each discharge electrode 27 is directed to a support column 35 extending in the vertical direction (perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 3), and to the current collecting tank 25 where the discharge electrode 27 is adjacent to the side surface of the support column 35. And a metal discharge needle portion 36 that is electrically connected to the column portion 35. The column part 35 has the same structure as the column 2 of the first embodiment, and is grounded to the ground. In the present embodiment, the discharge needle portion 36 is provided on the discharge electrode 27 side, but may be provided on the current collecting tank 25 side.

  Next, the operation of the lightning arrester 21 of this embodiment will be described. When the wind blown during the occurrence of thundercloud enters each air collecting tube 22 from its inlet 23, the floating material is charged by the collision friction between the floating material such as raindrops contained in the wind and the inner wall of the air collecting tube 22. Then, after the charged floating substance passes with the wind through the center of the annular electrode 26 between the current collector tube 25 and the current collector tube 25, it enters the current collector tank 25 from its opening end 30. . And most of the floating substances that have entered each current collecting tank 25 collide with the bottom of the current collecting tank 25, and charge is exchanged with the current collecting tank 25. The air is discharged to the outside from the discharge hole 32 of the current collecting tank 25 by the wind pressure of the wind that is sent. Thereby, each current collection tank 25 is charged. At this time, the amount of charge in each of the current collecting tanks 25 generally causes an imbalance (unbalance). Therefore, the charging voltage of the first current collecting tank 25a and the second annular electrode 26b connected to the first current collecting tank 25a and the second current collecting tank The charging voltage of the tank 25b and the first annular electrode 26a conducted to the tank 25b are different from each other. Therefore, electrostatic induction between the first annular electrode 26a and the first current collecting tank 25a facing the first annular electrode 26a, and static electricity between the second annular electrode 26b and the second current collecting tank 25b facing the first annular electrode 26a. Due to the electric induction, the current collecting tank 25 having the higher charging voltage in the positive direction out of the both collecting tanks 25, 25 is in a state where positive charge is easily accumulated, and the current collecting tank 25 having the lower charging voltage in the positive direction. The battery case 25 is in a state where negative charges are easily accumulated. This phenomenon is promoted by the positive feedback action by the electrostatic induction. Accordingly, positive charge is rapidly accumulated in one of the current collecting tanks 25, 25, and the magnitude of the charging voltage is increased to the positive side. Charge is accumulated and the magnitude of the charging voltage increases to the negative side.

  Then, due to the increase in the magnitude (absolute value) of the charging voltage of each current collecting tank 25, a local spatial discharge is generated around the discharge needle portion 36 of the discharge electrode 35 disposed in the vicinity of the current collecting tank 25. Thus, ionized ions of air are generated. Further, as described above, both the current collecting tanks 25, 25 are easily charged rapidly by the positive feedback action, and the discharge needles of the respective discharge electrodes 27 due to the continuous or frequent wind at the time of thundercloud generation. Spatial discharge from the portion 36 is generated substantially without interruption, and positive and negative ionized ions are generated around the discharge needle portion 36 substantially without interruption.

  When the thundercloud approaches, the ionized ions of the polarity determined by the direction of the lightning electric field formed between the thundercloud and the earth move toward the thundercloud, forming an upward streamer. Is done. In addition, the generation of ionized ions due to the spatial discharge is performed substantially without interruption before the downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud. Therefore, the upward streamer from the lightning arrester 21 generates the downward streamer from the thundercloud. Occurs in advance. Furthermore, since the upward streamer from the lightning arrester 21 is generated before the downward streamer is generated from the thundercloud, the probability that the upward streamer is generated earlier than the surrounding buildings and the like is extremely high.

  For this reason, as in the first embodiment, when a downward streamer is generated from a thundercloud, the downward streamer is guided to the upward streamer generated from the lightning arrester 21 prior to the streamer and merges with the upward streamer. . Thereby, a lightning strike from a thundercloud is guided to the lightning arrester 21. The lightning current guided to the lightning arrester 21 is transmitted through the support 35 of the discharge electrode 27 on the side of the first discharge electrode 27a and the second discharge electrode 27b where the upward streamer is generated earlier. It flows to the earth.

  Thus, since the lightning arrester 21 of this embodiment can generate an upward streamer at an early stage, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the certainty of guiding a lightning strike to the lightning arrester 21. In addition, since no special control circuit or detection circuit is required, the cost can be reduced with a very simple configuration.

The figure which shows the principal part structure of the lightning arrester of 1st Embodiment of this invention by a side view. The figure which shows the principal part structure of the lightning arrester of 2nd Embodiment of this invention by a side view. The figure which shows typically the whole structure of the lightning arrester of 3rd Embodiment of this invention by planar view.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 11, 21 ... Lightning arrester, 2, 12 ... Strut, 3, 13 ... Insulating member, 4, 14 ... Charge electrode, 4b, 14b ... Projection part, 5, 27a, 27b ... Discharge electrode, 22a, 22b ... Collection Wind pipe, 23 ... introduction port, 24 ... outlet, 25a, 25b ... current collector, 26a, 26b ... annular electrode.

Claims (6)

In a lightning arrester that generates air ionization ions by space discharge and guides lightning strikes by the ionization ions,
A support made of a conductor grounded to the ground, and supported by the support through an insulating member so as to be electrically insulated from the support. A lightning arrester comprising a charged electrode made of a conductive material.   The lightning arrester according to claim 1, wherein the charging electrode is made of a conductive fiber.   The strut is provided with at least a portion near one end extending in the vertical direction, and the charging electrode is formed by forming a plate material made of conductive fiber in a substantially conical shape, The lightning arrester according to claim 2, wherein a peripheral surface is supported by one end of the support through the insulating member attached to one end of the support.   The insulating member is an insulating member formed in a substantially conical shape, and the charging electrode is covered with the insulating member with the inner peripheral surface of the top thereof supported on the outer peripheral surface of the insulating member. The lightning protection device according to claim 3. In a lightning arrester that generates ionized air ions by space discharge and leads to lightning strikes,
A grounded first air collecting tube and a second air collecting tube which are made of a conductor and have an air inlet and an air outlet, and are arranged with an opening end facing the air outlet of the first air collecting tube, and both A bottomed cylindrical first current collecting tank made of a conductor that is electrically insulated from the wind pipe, and an outlet end of the second wind collecting pipe facing the opening end, and both the wind collecting pipe and the first A bottomed cylindrical second current collecting tank made of a conductor electrically insulated from the current collecting tank, and the first current collecting pipe and the first current collecting tank are electrically insulated from these, and A first annular electrode made of a conductor arranged with both axial ends opposite to the first air collecting tube and the first current collecting tank, respectively, and between the second air collecting tube and the second current collecting tank. And an annular second annular battery comprising conductors that are electrically insulated from each other and arranged so that both ends in the axial center direction face the second wind collecting tube and the second current collecting tank, respectively. A first discharge electrode comprising a grounded conductor provided at a position close to the outer surface of the first current collector so that a spatial discharge is naturally generated by charging of the first current collector; A second discharge electrode comprising a grounded conductor provided at a position close to the outer surface of the second current collector so that a spatial discharge is naturally generated by charging of the current collector; A lightning arrester characterized in that a battery case is electrically connected to the second annular electrode, and the second current collector is electrically connected to the first annular electrode.   11. The lightning arrester according to claim 10, wherein each of the air collecting tubes is formed so that an inner diameter thereof is reduced from the inlet side toward the outlet port.

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