JP2005016812A - Treatment device for molten metal - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment device for molten metal, capable of carrying out smooth and safe collection of all amount of molten metal, if leaked from a damaged crucible. <P>SOLUTION: On the bottom face of a furnace floor wall 3 located at the lower part of a combustion chamber 7 of a crucible furnace body 1, a tapered face 10 is formed which is inclined downward to the side of a central crucible plate 4. Flow-down ports 11 are formed on the side of the crucible plate 4 located at the lowest position of the tapered face 10. Collection chambers 12 are provided at the lower part of the crucible furnace body 1 and collecting carriages 14 are arranged in the collection chambers 12. Partition chambers 18 are arranged in the collecting carriages 14. The total capacity of the collection chambers 12 is formed larger than the capacity of the graphite crucible 5, and the collection chambers 12 are located at the lower parts of all flow-down ports 11 formed at four places. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a molten metal processing apparatus capable of recovering the entire amount of molten molten metal in a crucible without the molten metal remaining in the furnace body when the crucible in the crucible furnace body is damaged and the molten metal leaks.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The crucible furnace body has been widely used for many years for melting, heat retention, refining, and alloy production of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, brass and solder. In particular, it is an indispensable facility for manufacturing casting parts such as aircraft, automobiles, electric machines, machines, and electronics.
The crucible furnace body is mainly round, and an iron or graphite crucible is installed in the center of the furnace, and the metal in the crucible is melted by a combustion burner type or electrothermal type as a heating means. The heating temperature may be as high as 1300 ° C. or higher although it depends on the processed product. The furnace shell is solid, and the refractory lining is made of fiber, and chamotte bricks and high alumina bricks are used as backup materials to ensure heat insulation.
[0003]
FIG. 6 shows a conventional crucible furnace body 51.
The crucible furnace body 51 is provided with a graphite crucible or iron crucible 53 inside a furnace main body 52 forming an outer wall, and the crucible 53 is supported on a crucible base 55 provided on the hearth wall 54. In the case of the combustion heating type, a combustion gas exhaust port 56 is provided at the upper part of the furnace body 52, and the combustion gas flows at a uniform temperature between the support base and the inside of the furnace wall at the lower part of the furnace body 52. , A burner injection port 57 whose tip is directed tangentially is provided, and a leak metal discharge port 58 is provided in the hearth wall 54 of the furnace body 52, and outside the furnace body 52 downstream of the discharge port 58. A recovery container 59 is provided. Reference numeral 60 denotes a leaking metal.
With such a structure, the crucible furnace body 51 supplies a material to be melted, such as aluminum, into the crucible 53, thereby performing melting and heat retention of the metal.
[0004]
The crucible furnace body 51 has the following advantages and disadvantages.
As an advantage,
(1) It is relatively small and light, and is easy to install and handle.
(2) Applicable to various types.
(3) Because of the round furnace, heat is uniformly applied to the crucible and there is no variation in the temperature of the metal to be heated.
(4) Unlike direct heating from the flat surface (upper surface), because of indirect heating through the crucible, there is no gas absorption (hydrogen gas, etc.) due to the melted material being in contact with air or combustion gas. There is no trouble caused by oxidation or contamination.
(5) Consumables are mainly crucibles, and there is no need to worry about processing large amounts of industrial waste such as brick scraps and metal oxides when repairing, compared to direct heating furnaces.
(6) Even when dissimilar metals are melted, they can be used easily by simply replacing the crucible (can adapt to the circumstances).
[0005]
Disadvantages are:
(1) Not suitable for mass production.
(2) Due to conduction heat transfer through the crucible surface, the heating capacity is limited, and the heat transfer resistance of the crucible is large and the thermal efficiency is low.
(3) The crucible is vulnerable to physical shock and thermal stress.
(4) When the crucible breaks, the leaked metal hardens at the discharge port provided on the side wall of the hearth, and the whole hearth hardens, which takes unexpected effort and cost to restore, forcing the suspension of work for a long time. .
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 08-029065 (refer to summary)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 07-146078 A (see abstract)
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-302387 (see abstract)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the advantages and disadvantages of the crucible furnace body 51 are other than those listed, the crucible furnace body has been used for many years until now, but the advantages tend to be reviewed and increased. Therefore, in order to make full use of the above-mentioned advantages, the present invention minimizes repair costs and production loss at the time of the outflow of molten metal related to the above disadvantages (3) and (4), and leaks safely, reliably and easily. The object is to provide a crucible furnace body with an apparatus for recovering metal.
[0008]
That is, when the crucible 53 formed of graphite or the like shown in FIG. 5 suddenly breaks during melting or heat insulation of the metal, and the molten metal 60 leaking from the damaged portion of the crucible 53 flows out onto the hearth wall 54, conventionally, A method of providing a discharge port 58 on the hearth wall 54 side and storing it in an iron recovery container 59 has been generally used.
However, a leak detector (not shown) is activated at the time of outflow, and the heat source is stopped, so that the temperature in the crucible furnace body 51 is lowered, the leak metal is solidified at the discharge port 58, and sometimes half in the crucible furnace body 51. It may fill up nearby. Even when the furnace temperature does not drop, the molten leaked metal flows in the lateral direction, so that the metal oxide may adhere to the outflow surface and block the discharge port 58. Furthermore, installing the metal recovery container 59 on the side of the furnace main body 52 may take up extra space and may be inconvenient for daily work.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a molten metal processing apparatus that efficiently recovers the entire amount of leaked metal outside the furnace even if the crucible is damaged and the molten metal leaks. There is to do.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a molten metal processing apparatus of the present invention accommodates molten metal leaking from a crucible below a crucible disposed in a furnace body of a crucible furnace and in a lower portion of the furnace body. A collection container was provided so that the collection container could be removed from the crucible furnace.
Further, the molten metal processing apparatus of the present invention is provided with an outlet for molten metal leaking from the crucible around a support base for supporting the crucible disposed in the furnace body of the combustion heating type or electric heating type crucible furnace. A recovery container that accommodates the molten metal flowing down from the outlet is provided below the furnace body so that the recovery container can be removed from the crucible furnace body.
In the molten metal processing apparatus, an inclined surface for flowing the molten metal in an inclined direction is provided around the crucible support, and an outlet for the molten metal is provided at a lower end portion of the inclined surface.
The molten metal processing apparatus separates the upper furnace body (heating furnace body above the crucible furnace) and the hearth (lower crucible furnace body) of the crucible furnace by a lifting mechanism such as a jack or a lifter, and then a recovery container. Was made to be easily separated from the crucible furnace and extracted from the bottom. In addition, the hearth kept heat-resistant and warm can directly serve as a collection container.
In the molten metal processing apparatus, the recovery container has an arbitrary shape centered on a graphite or iron crucible, and the molten metal overflows in the recovery container by dividing the recovery container into a plurality of parts. In addition, it was made to flow into an adjacent collection container so that the collected leaked metal could be handled easily during remelting. However, if the crucible is relatively small, the partition plate may not be necessary.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the molten metal processing structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show a crucible furnace body employing a molten metal processing apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view seen from the front, and FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view seen from the plane direction. is there.
As shown in the figure, a crucible furnace body 1 having a substantially circular cross section is provided with a furnace body 2 made of heat-resistant brick or the like and provided with an iron furnace shell, and a hearth wall 3 is provided below the furnace body 2. In the center of the hearth wall 3, a crucible base 4 is disposed. A graphite crucible 5 is supported on the crucible base 4. A combustion chamber or heating chamber (hereinafter referred to as a combustion chamber) 7 having a graphite crucible 5 is provided inside the outer wall 7 of the furnace body 2.
[0011]
In the case of the combustion heating type, an exhaust port 8 communicating with the combustion chamber 7 is provided at the upper portion of the combustion chamber 7, and a burner injection port 9 is provided at the lower portion of the combustion chamber 7. The bottom surface of the hearth wall 3 was formed with a tapered surface 10 inclined downward toward the crucible base 4 located at the center. And the flow-down opening 11 was formed in the side part of the crucible base 4 which is the lowest position of the taper surface 10. FIG. The flow-down port 11 is formed vertically, and in the present embodiment, a circular hole having an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 250 mm or a groove having a width of 50 mm is formed in the crucible furnace body 1 having a diameter of 150 cm. For example, four holes were provided. About the shape of a hole or a groove | channel, it can be made into a round shape, a square shape, a bow shape etc. by the shape of a crucible base, and a support method, The shape is not limited.
[0012]
At the bottom of the crucible furnace body 1, a hearth 13 that can be fitted to the furnace body 2 is provided. In the present embodiment, the hearth 13 is composed of a recovery carriage 14 and a molten metal recovery chamber 12. . The hearth 13 is sufficiently insulated and kept warm. The furnace body 2 and the hearth 13 can be removed, and the recovery chamber 12 communicates with the combustion chamber 7 via the flow-down port 11. The recovery cart 14 has a donut shape. The lower portion of the recovery cart 14 is provided with four rollers 15 at equiangular intervals so that the hearth 13 can be moved.
As shown in FIG. 3, between the inner peripheral wall 16 and the outer peripheral wall 17 of the collection carriage 14, a plurality of substantially fan-shaped compartments 18 are disposed in plan view. In the present embodiment, eight partitions 18a having the same shape are arranged. Instead of the partition 18 a, the compartment 18 may be a container in which containers are arranged in the collection chamber 12 without a gap so that individual containers can be attached to and detached from the collection carriage 14. Further, the compartment 18 can be used as a single room without the partition 18a.
[0013]
The height of the partition 18a is lower than the heights of the inner and outer peripheral walls 16, 17, and the inclined inner surface 19 is formed on the outer inner peripheral surface of the collection chamber 12 so that the bottom surface side is narrow. The wall thickness of the partition 18a is also on the bottom side. It is formed to be thick.
The total capacity of the recovery chamber 12 is formed larger than the capacity of the graphite crucible 5 and is arranged so that the recovery chamber 12 is positioned at any lower part of the flow-down ports 11 formed at four locations. The recovery carriage 14 is made of iron, and heat insulating material is applied to the periphery and the bottom to reduce heat dissipation. The material of the collection chamber 12 (that is, the compartment 18 and the partition 18a) is made of stainless steel, ceramic fiber, or iron, but in this embodiment, iron is used. This is because when the molten metal is aluminum and iron is accommodated in the compartment 18, iron can easily play and handle the aluminum.
A jack receiving portion 22 is formed on the outer periphery of the furnace body 2 of the crucible furnace body 1, and the furnace body 2 above the hearth 13 of the crucible furnace body 1 is lifted up by a jack 23 or a crane. can do. In addition, an automatic insertion machine 25 for automatically inserting an aluminum ingot into the graphite crucible 5 is disposed outside the crucible furnace body 1 in the vicinity of the crucible furnace body 1 (see FIG. 2).
[0014]
Next, the operation of the molten metal processing apparatus of the present invention will be described.
The graphite crucible 5 is heated by electric heat or a flame from a burner, and is heated to about 1000 ° C. by radiant heat from the flame or convection of combustion gas, and the aluminum introduced therein is dissolved. When aluminum is supplied to the graphite crucible 5, it can be automatically performed using an ingot automatic insertion machine 25.
As described above, the graphite crucible 5 is vulnerable to physical shock and thermal stress, has a short service life, and the graphite crucible 5 may be cracked. Then, molten metal (molten metal) of aluminum leaks from the crack of the graphite crucible 5 and flows down to the hearth wall 3 surface. Since the hearth wall 3 is a tapered surface 10 whose center direction is lowered, the hearth wall 3 flows speedily to the flow-down port 11 provided with an opening on the center side by gravity.
[0015]
A molten metal recovery chamber 12 is installed in the lower part of the flow-down port 11, and leaked metal flows down from the flow-down port 11 to the recovery chamber 12. Since the total capacity of the recovery chamber 12 is slightly larger than the capacity of the graphite crucible 5, it can be stored sufficiently even if the molten metal flows out up to 100%. After confirming that the outflow of the molten metal in the graphite crucible 5 is completed and confirming safety, the jack 23 (may be a crane) is raised and the furnace body 2 on the upper side of the crucible furnace body 1 is lifted to the upper part, and the recovery cart 14 is pulled out of the crucible furnace body 1.
[0016]
Thereafter, the solidified metal that is cooled and taken out from the compartment 18 of the recovery chamber 12 is taken out. Then, after replacing the new graphite crucible 5, the hearth 13 is placed in close contact with a predetermined position below the furnace body 2, and the operation of the crucible furnace body 1 is resumed.
In the present embodiment, in order to facilitate handling of molten metal such as solidified aluminum, an inclined surface 19 having an upper surface extending is provided in the compartment 18. Due to this inclined surface, it is possible to easily mold the solidified metal. In addition, by dispersing the leaked metal in the plurality of compartments 18, the size of the solid aluminum was reduced, and the handling was facilitated so that it could be reused as it was. The height of the partition 18a of the recovery chamber 12 is made lower than the inner and outer peripheral walls 16 and 17 of the carriage 14 because the molten metal is adjacent to the partition 18a beyond the partition 18a when one of the compartments 18 is full. This is to cause the flow to gradually flow into the adjacent compartment 18 so as to overflow into the compartment 18.
[0017]
As described above, in the present embodiment, in the hearth wall 3 of the crucible furnace body 1, one or a plurality of leakage metal outlets 11 are provided around the crucible base 4, and the leakage metal is disposed at the center of the hearth wall 3. The flow path was inclined by facilitating the flow toward the part so that the leaked metal flowed down quickly and quickly.
[0018]
FIG. 5 shows a melt processing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Similar to the above embodiment, the crucible furnace body 1 includes a furnace body 2 positioned on the upper side and a movable hearth 13 on the lower side, and is basically the same as the above embodiment. The difference from the above embodiment is that the collection carriage 14 is placed on the rail 30, and the collection carriage 14 can move on the rail 30 via the wheels 31.
Therefore, when the graphite crucible 5 is damaged and the molten metal leaks, it is confirmed that the outflow of the molten metal has been completed, and after confirming safety, the jack 23 (or lift) is raised and the upper side of the crucible furnace body 1 is raised. The furnace body 2 is lifted up, and the recovery carriage 14 with the wheels 31 is pulled out of the crucible furnace body 1. In the present embodiment, since the collection carriage 14 is placed on the rail 30, the hearth 13 can be easily pulled out from the crucible furnace body 1.
[0019]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is of course not limited thereto, and various modifications and changes can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, two or more recovery chambers 12 may be arranged in the radial direction of the recovery carriage 14 as indicated by an imaginary line shown in FIG. Further, the compartment 18 of the recovery chamber 12 is formed in a fan shape and the molten aluminum is solidified into the shape thereof, but the recovery container may be formed so that the solidified aluminum has the shape of a normal ingot. .
In addition, you may abbreviate | omit the leak detector mentioned by the prior art example in the crucible furnace body 1 of a present Example. In this embodiment, aluminum is described as an example. However, the present invention can also be applied to aluminum alloys, zinc, magnesium, copper, brass, solder, and alloys thereof. The material of the crucible has been described with respect to the graphite crucible, but it can also be applied to an iron crucible.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The molten metal processing apparatus of the present invention is provided with an outlet for molten metal leaking from the crucible around the support base supporting the crucible disposed in the combustion heating type or electric heating type crucible furnace body. A recovery container that contains the molten metal that has flowed down is installed at the bottom of the crucible furnace body, so that the recovery container can be removed from the crucible furnace body. It is safe to use, and the collection container is not outside the crucible furnace body, so it does not become an obstacle during work.
In the molten metal processing apparatus, an inclined surface for flowing the molten metal in an inclined direction is provided around the support base, and an outlet for the molten metal is provided at a lower end portion of the inclined surface. The molten metal flows into the recovery container and prevents the molten metal from solidifying along the way.
The molten metal processing apparatus is provided with a moving means for moving the recovery container of the crucible furnace body, and accommodates the recovery container in advance by jacking up or lifting up the upper heating body of the crucible furnace body. Since the bottom of the furnace body is separated and the recovery container is pulled out from the bottom of the crucible furnace body, the recovery container can be easily pulled out of the crucible furnace body.
In the molten metal processing apparatus, the recovery container has an arbitrary shape in which a graphite crucible or an iron crucible is arranged on the center side, and the recovery container having a large capacity is divided by a plurality of partition plates, and the molten metal is recovered in the recovery container When the inner partition plate overflows, it flows into the adjacent recovery container and accepts the molten metal in the crucible, so that the recovery container can be dispersed, and the size of the molten metal that cools and solidifies in the recovery container Can be reduced.
The molten metal processing device is sized so that the recovery container for storing the molten metal can receive the entire capacity of the crucible, so that even if the total amount of the molten metal in the crucible leaks, the entire capacity is recovered. can do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crucible furnace body of a molten metal processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention cut in a longitudinal direction.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the crucible furnace body of the molten metal processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, cut along line XX in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a recovery cart of a molten metal processing apparatus and a recovery chamber installed in the recovery cart.
4 is a plan view of a modification of the recovery chamber in FIG. 3. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crucible furnace body of a molten metal processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention cut in the longitudinal direction.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crucible furnace body of a conventional molten metal processing apparatus cut in a longitudinal direction.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crucible furnace body 2 Furnace main body 3 Hearth wall 4 Crucible base 5 Graphite crucible 6 Outer wall 7 Combustion chamber 8 Exhaust port 9 Injection port 10 Tapered surface 11 Downflow port 12 Collection chamber (collection container)
13 hearth 14 recovery cart 15 roller 16 inner peripheral wall 17 outer peripheral wall 18 compartment 18a partition 19 inclined surface 23 jack

Claims (6)

A recovery container for containing molten metal leaking from the crucible is provided below the crucible disposed in the furnace body of the combustion heating type or electric heating type crucible furnace, and the recovery container is provided in the crucible furnace body. Molten metal processing apparatus configured to be removable from An outlet for molten metal leaking from the crucible is provided around the support base for supporting the crucible disposed in the furnace body of the combustion heating type or electric heating type crucible furnace, and the molten metal flowing down from the outlet is accommodated. An apparatus for treating molten metal, wherein a recovery container is provided below the furnace body, and the recovery container can be removed from the crucible furnace body. The molten metal processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an inclined surface for flowing the molten metal in an inclined direction is provided around a support base of the furnace body, and an outlet of the molten metal is provided at a lower end portion of the inclined surface. . Below the furnace body, the hearth provided in the recovery container and the moving device for storing the recovery container is detachably arranged with respect to the crucible furnace body, and the furnace body is jacked up or lifted up. 4. The molten metal processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the furnace body and the hearth are separated by, and the hearth is extracted from the crucible furnace body to take out the recovery container. The recovery container is of an arbitrary shape centered on a graphite crucible or an iron crucible, the recovery container is divided by a plurality of partition plates, and when the molten metal overflows the partition plate in the recovery container, The molten metal processing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the molten metal processing apparatus flows into an adjacent collection container and receives the molten metal in the crucible. The molten metal processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the recovery container is sized to receive the entire volume of the molten metal in the crucible.

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