JP2005007064A - Surgical x-ray system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surgical X-ray system mounting an image intensifier with which an operator himself/herself operates a visual field changeover switch at a position near the system. <P>SOLUTION: A patient 3 is placed on an operating table 32. A holding C arm 31 is held from a truck with a controller 30 mounted thereon. At both ends of the arm 31, an X-ray tube 1 is attached to one end, and an I.I. tube 15 with the visual field changeover switch 40c and an I.I. power source part 40 mounted thereon and a TV camera 8 are oppositely attached to the other upper end. These instruments are covered with a sterilization cover 33. The operator operates the visual field changeover switch 40c from the outer part of the sterilization cover 33, selects the input visual field size of an X-ray image, and observes a fluoroscopic visual field on a monitor 34 by a desired size. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an image intensifier (hereinafter referred to as I.I.) apparatus capable of selecting an input plane field of view with a view selector switch, and more particularly to an I.I. I. The present invention relates to the mounting position of the visual field changeover switch of the apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
I. I. The apparatus converts an X-ray image of a patient into a visible light image, is converted into an electrical signal by a television camera (CCD) as a fluoroscopic image, and is widely used for photographing as a digital fluorography image capturing sensor.
FIG. 3 shows an I.D. I. The state where the apparatus is used is shown. The patient 3 is placed on the operating table 32, and the I.D. I. A device (II tube 15 with an II power supply unit 20) and a TV camera 8 are attached. The holding C-arm 31 is held by a carriage on which the controller 13 is mounted via a support portion. I. The apparatus and the X-ray tube 1 slide in the vertical direction and the arc direction of the holding C arm 31, and the X-ray fluoroscopic position can be adjusted to the affected part position of the patient 3. In the case of surgery, I. The apparatus and the TV camera 8 are covered with a sterilization cover 33 and set so that the practitioner may touch it.
In general, I.I. I. The device has a variable field of view that allows the fluoroscopic field of view to be switched according to the surgical purpose. I. The apparatus is used, and the X-ray fluoroscopic visual field is switched by selecting the visual field change-over switch 13c provided on the operation panel 13a of the controller 13 by an X-ray engineer or the like according to an instruction of the practitioner during the operation. Can be observed.
In addition, the brightness of the image displayed on the monitor 34 is controlled by ABC control which automatically controls the brightness to be easy to see. The video signal of the TV camera is fed back to have a relationship between the tube voltage and the tube current. Interlocking control is performed, and the X-ray condition is set in many cases by the full auto method (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0003]
In FIG. I. The structure of an apparatus is shown. I. I. Outside the tube 15 is a tube container 14 containing leakage X-ray protective lead and an external magnetic shield. Inside the tube, there are an input surface 4, focusing electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, an anode 6 and output fluorescence. An electron lens system 16 is constituted by the surface 7 and I.I. I. A power supply unit 20 is provided in the tube container 14. Each electrode is applied with 0V on the input surface 4, several hundred volts on the focusing electrodes 5a and 5b, several kV on the focusing electrode 5c (field variable electrode), and 25-30 kV on the anode 6 (output phosphor screen 7). I. I. The tube 15 is made of a vacuum vessel having an input window of aluminum or titanium having a high transmittance on the surface on which X-rays are incident, and is maintained or improved by a vacuum pump 10 at a high vacuum.
[0004]
At the time of fluoroscopy or radiography, when the irradiation field of the X-ray tube 1 from the X-ray tube 1 is limited by the collimator 2 and the patient 3 is irradiated with uniform X-rays, the difference in the X-ray absorption coefficient of the tissue in the patient 3 Due to the difference in thickness or the like, the transmitted X-ray is shaded, and an X-ray image is obtained.
This X-ray image is obtained from I.D. I. It enters the input phosphor screen 4 a of the input surface 4 of the tube 15. Here, it is once converted into light, and further converted into electrons on the photocathode 4b and emitted into vacuum. The electron lens system 16 includes an input surface 4, an output phosphor screen 7, focusing electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c and an anode 6. The electron beam emitted from the input surface 4 is reduced / accelerated to the output phosphor screen 7 at high speed. Collide. Here, the electrons are converted back to light, but are generally reduced to about 1/10 of the size of the input screen 4 on the output phosphor screen 7 and 1/100 of the area. As a result, the electron density is 100 times that emitted from the photocathode 4b of the input surface 4, and the luminance is also 100 times. A high voltage of 25 to 30 kV is applied to the anode 6, and electrons emitted from the photocathode 4b are accelerated to about 1/3 of the speed of light. The high speed electrons collide with the output phosphor screen 7 to increase the luminance by several hundred times, and the luminance multiplication by several tens of thousands of times can be obtained together with the luminance multiplication by the reduction. This visible image can be efficiently captured as a real-time moving image by the TV camera 8 by the tandem lens system.
[0005]
I. I. The tubes 15 are classified according to the input field size, and include 10, 15, 17, 23, 31, 36, and 40 types (numerical values are anonymous numbers representing the nominal incident surface field size in centimeters). There are a fixed field type and a variable field type. In the variable field type, two types (Dual Mode: 23 cm / 17 cm), three types (Triple Mode: 31 cm / 23 cm / 15 cm), or four types (Quadruple Mode: 31 cm / 23 cm / 17 cm / 10 cm) can be used by switching with the visual field change-over switch 13c.
I. I. The power supply unit 20 includes: an electrode voltage supply unit 20a that supplies a voltage to each electrode; a supply voltage switching circuit 20c that switches the voltage according to a signal from the visual field changeover switch 13c; a vacuum pump power supply circuit 20b that operates the vacuum pump 10; The control panel 13a of the controller 13 shown in FIG. 3, which is composed of a cable 20d and a signal cable 20e for visual field switching, is provided with an X-ray condition setting device 13b and a visual field switching switch 13c. The field of view is switched by.
I. shown in FIG. I. The tube 15 is a variable visual field type having a pentode structure. By selecting the visual field switching switch 13c of the operation panel 13a, the A, the electrode voltage supply unit 20a is connected to the A of the electrode voltage supply unit 20a via the signal cable 20e. By changing the voltages of B and C and applying them to the focusing electrodes 5a, 5b and 5c, a fluoroscopic image can be seen in the selected visual field.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-43994 A (page 4, FIG. 1)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional surgical X-ray apparatus is configured as described above. I. In order to switch the field of view of the X-ray image by switching the voltage applied to the focusing electrodes 5a, 5b and 5c of the tube 15, the field-of-view switch provided on the operation panel 13a of the controller 13 of the surgical X-ray apparatus Or, the visual field change-over switch 13c of the remote console provided separately must be operated. In a surgical X-ray apparatus, a practitioner (physician) who performs an operation must wear sterilized gloves and the practitioner must keep the patient 3 sufficiently sterilized. In such a state, when the practitioner wishes to perform fluoroscopic observation of the surgical site and observe the X-ray image according to the size of the site, the visual field change-over switch 13c on the operation panel 13a or a remote provided separately. The visual field change-over switch 13c of the console cannot be touched.
For this reason, there is a problem that a third party (such as an X-ray engineer) must be requested to perform the operation.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a practitioner wearing a sterilized glove has contaminated a visual field changeover switch of a variable visual field image intensifier used in a surgical X-ray apparatus. An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical X-ray apparatus which can be operated on the spot without being operated.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention includes an input surface for converting an X-ray image into a visible light image and emitting photoelectrons, a plurality of focusing electrodes for accelerating and focusing the photoelectrons, and a high speed thereof. An output phosphor screen that receives energy of electrons and converts it into a visible light image, a power supply unit that applies a voltage to the electrodes, and a visual field changeover switch that switches a voltage applied to the plurality of focusing electrodes. In a surgical X-ray apparatus having an image intensifier device that can change the imaging field size on the output phosphor screen by switching, the field switch is connected to an image intensifier envelope or an image input of a C-arm. It is attached to the half of the tensiifier envelope side.
[0010]
The surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention is configured as described above, and the visual field change-over switch is attached to the image intensifier envelope-side half of the image intensifier envelope or the C arm. On the outside, a sterile cover is used with an image intensifier envelope. Then, a practitioner wearing sterilized gloves operates near the image intensifier device by operating the visual field switching switch covered with the sterilization cover without being contaminated from the outside, and observes in the desired visual field.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 shows a use state of the surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a structure of an image intensifier apparatus equipped in the surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention.
The surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention includes an X-ray tube 1 attached to one end of a holding C arm 31, and an image receiving portion (image intensifier device, TV camera 8) attached to the other end opposite to the X-ray tube. Attached to the image intensifier envelope or half of the C-arm image intensifier envelope side, I. A controller 30 having a visual field changeover switch 40c for switching the output voltage of the power supply unit 40 and changing the image formation visual field size on the output phosphor screen 7, a sterilization cover 33, and an operation panel 30a for setting and operating X-ray conditions. The vehicle is equipped with a controller 30 equipped with a holding C arm 31 on a holding arm that expands and contracts vertically and horizontally, and a monitor 34 that displays an X-ray image.
The image intensifier device is a variable-field-type I.D. I. Tube 15 and I.D. for protection from X-rays and magnetism. I. A tube container 14 for housing the tube 15 and a power cable 40d; I. A voltage is supplied to each electrode of the tube 15 to change the imaging field size if necessary. I. And a power supply unit 40.
[0012]
The difference between the image intensifier device attached to the surgical X-ray apparatus and the conventional apparatus is that the conventional apparatus has an I.D. I. A visual field switching switch 13c for switching the voltage applied to the focusing electrodes 5a, 5b, and 5c of the tube 15 to switch the visual field range of the X-ray image is provided on the operation panel 13a of the controller 13 of the X-ray system. In the image intensifier device of the present surgical X-ray apparatus, the visual field changeover switch 40c is provided outside the image intensifier envelope or the C arm image intensifier. It is attached to the half on the envelope side. Therefore, in the surgical X-ray apparatus, the operator can touch the visual field changeover switch 40c covered with the sterilization cover 33 without being contaminated by the apparatus, and the operator can quickly obtain the desired visual field dimension with confidence. You can choose.
[0013]
Next, each part which comprises the image intensifier apparatus of this surgical X-ray apparatus is demonstrated.
I. I. The tube 15 is made of a vacuum vessel having an input window of aluminum or titanium having a high transmittance on the surface where X-rays are incident, and is maintained at a high vacuum by the vacuum pump 10. Inside, an electron lens system 16 comprising five electrodes, that is, an input surface 4, focusing electrodes 5 a, 5 b, 5 c and an anode 6 (output phosphor surface 7) is configured as an electrode, and 0 V (ground potential) is applied to the input surface 4. , Several hundred volts for the focusing electrodes 5a, 5b, several kV for the focusing electrode 5c, and 25-30 kV for the anode 6 (output phosphor screen 7). I. Applied from the power supply unit 40. And the image formation visual field dimension on the output fluorescent screen 7 can be changed by switching the voltage applied to the focusing electrodes 5a, 5b and 5c. This I.I. I. The tube 15 can be divided into two types (Dual Mode: 23 cm / 17 cm), three types (Triple Mode: 31 cm / 23 cm / 15 cm), or four types (Quadruple Mode: 31 cm / 23 cm / 17 cm / 10 cm). It can be used by switching with the view switching switch 40c.
The tube container 14 is lined with lead or the like so that incident X-rays and scattered rays do not leak to the outside, and further uses a special steel plate with high permeability to protect the internal electron lens system 16 from external magnetism. . I. It is a container which accommodates the pipe | tube 15 inside. And usually I.I. I. The power supply unit 40 is attached to the rear part of the tube container 14.
[0014]
I. I. The power supply 40 includes an electrode voltage supply unit 40a, a supply voltage switching circuit 40b, and a vacuum pump power supply circuit 20b. The electrode voltage supply unit 40a outputs a predetermined voltage to the output terminals −, A, B, C, + in accordance with a signal from the supply voltage switching circuit 40b.
These outputs are I. A power source for supplying voltage to the five electrodes (input surface 4, focusing electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, anode 6 (output phosphor surface 7)) in the tube 15, and 0V (ground potential −), anode on the input surface 4 +25 to 30 kV is applied to 6 (output phosphor screen 7), and in order to switch the field of view, several hundred volts are applied to the focusing electrodes 5a and 5b (A, B), and several kV are applied to the predetermined setting values. Switched and supplied. The vacuum pump power supply circuit 20b includes I.D. I. A voltage is supplied to the vacuum pump 10 provided in the tube 15; I. The inside of the tube 15 is maintained and improved at a high vacuum.
The visual field changeover switch 40c is attached to the image intensifier envelope or the periphery thereof, sends a visual field change switching signal to the supply voltage switching circuit 40b, and the supply voltage switching circuit 40b switches the output voltage of the electrode voltage supply unit 40a. . Then, the image formation field size on the output phosphor screen 7 changes according to the voltage applied to the focusing electrodes 5a, 5b, and 5c. The visual field change-over switch 40c is an I.D. I. The tube 15 has a pentapole configuration, and the visual field can be switched between 23 cm / 17 cm, 31 cm / 23 cm / 15 cm, and 31 cm / 23 cm / 17 cm / 10 cm. In the X-ray fluoroscopic system for surgical support, the visual field changeover switch 40c is mounted on the image intensifier envelope, and is entirely covered with a sterilization cover.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the main surgical X-ray apparatus equipped with the image intensifier device and the visual field switching switch 40c will be described.
Place patient 3 on operating table 32, I. The surgical support X-ray fluoroscopy system in which the tube 15 and the X-ray tube 1 are attached to both ends of the holding C-arm 31 is moved to the patient 3. Then, the sterilization cover 33 is placed over the entire image intensifier envelope. An operator wearing sterilized gloves stands on the patient 3 side, and an X-ray engineer stands on the controller 30 side and sets X-ray conditions on the operation panel 30a. The patient 3 is irradiated with uniform X-rays from the X-ray tube 1 through the collimator 2. The X-ray image at this time is I.D. I. The light enters into the input phosphor screen 4a of the input surface 4 of the tube 15 and is once converted into light, further converted into electrons at the photocathode 4b and emitted into vacuum, and emitted from the input surface 4 by the electron lens system 16. The electron beam is reduced and accelerated to collide with the output phosphor screen 7 at high speed. Here, a luminance multiplication of several hundred times occurs, and a luminance multiplication of tens of thousands of times is obtained together with the luminance multiplication by reduction. The visible image is efficiently captured as a real-time moving image by the TV camera 8 by the tandem lens system and observed on the monitor 34. During the operation, the surgeon observes the X-ray image on the monitor 34, operates the visual field changeover switch 40c attached to the image intensifier envelope from above the sterilization cover 33, selects the desired visual field and monitors it. Observe on 34. When the visual field switching switch 40c is operated, the supply voltage switching circuit 40b switches the output voltage of the electrode voltage supply unit 40a. Switch to set value and switch to desired field of view. And X-ray conditions are controlled by a full auto system, and it can be seen through with optimal X-ray conditions.
[0016]
In the above embodiment, the image intensifier device covering the sterilization cover 33 has been described. However, the visual field changeover switch 40c is similarly set to the image intensifier envelope or the radiographic / photographing device without the sterilization cover 33. It can be attached to the half of the C-arm image intensifier envelope side.
Further, the switching method may be adopted by setting the visual field changeover switch 40c to both the control console of the apparatus and the image intensifier envelope or the half of the C-arm image intensifier envelope side.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
The surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention is configured as described above, and the visual field changeover switch is attached to the image intensifier envelope or the half of the image intensifier envelope side of the C arm. A sterilization cover is usually attached to the entire tensiifier device and a handle provided in the vicinity thereof. Therefore, the practitioner performing the operation is not contaminated even if touched. Then, a practitioner wearing sterilized gloves can operate the visual field changeover switch covered with the sterilization cover near the image intensifier device without being contaminated from the outside. It is no longer necessary for an X-ray technician or the like to operate the visual field switching switch on the operation panel as in the prior art, and the practitioner himself can quickly switch to the desired visual field and observe when necessary.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a power supply circuit configuration of an image intensifier device used in the surgical X-ray apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a conventional surgical X-ray apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a power circuit configuration of a conventional image intensifier device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 X-ray tube 2 Collimator 3 Patient 4 Input surface 4a Input fluorescent screen 4b Photoelectric surface 5a, 5b, 5c Focusing electrode 6 Anode 7 Output fluorescent screen 8 TV camera 10 Vacuum pump 14 Tube container 15 I. Tube 16 Electron lens system 20b Vacuum pump power supply circuit 30 Controller 30a Operation panel 30b X-ray condition setting device 31 Holding C arm 32 Operating table 33 Sterilization cover 34 Monitor 40 I. Power supply section 40a Electrode voltage supply section 40b Supply voltage switching circuit 40c View selector switch 40d Power cable

Claims (1)

An input surface that converts an X-ray image into a visible light image and emits photoelectrons, a plurality of focusing electrodes that accelerate and focus the photoelectrons, an output phosphor screen that receives the energy of the fast electrons and converts it into a visible light image, and electrodes An image having a power supply unit for applying a voltage to a plurality of electrodes and a visual field change-over switch for switching the voltages to be applied to the plurality of focusing electrodes, and the image-forming visual field size on the output phosphor screen can be changed by changing the visual field change-over switch. A surgical X-ray apparatus provided with an intensifier device, wherein the visual field changeover switch is mounted on an image intensifier envelope or a half of the C-arm image intensifier envelope side half. X-ray equipment.

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