JP2005003121A - Cylindrical roller bearing - Google Patents

Cylindrical roller bearing Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005003121A
JP2005003121A JP2003168107A JP2003168107A JP2005003121A JP 2005003121 A JP2005003121 A JP 2005003121A JP 2003168107 A JP2003168107 A JP 2003168107A JP 2003168107 A JP2003168107 A JP 2003168107A JP 2005003121 A JP2005003121 A JP 2005003121A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
cylindrical roller
roller
cylindrical
contact
face
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JP2003168107A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiromichi Takemura
浩道 武村
Masanao Sato
正尚 佐藤
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NSK Ltd
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NSK Ltd
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Priority to JP2003168107A priority Critical patent/JP2005003121A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2004/007044 priority patent/WO2004111477A1/en
Priority to EP04733675.5A priority patent/EP1632685B1/en
Priority to US10/560,283 priority patent/US7416346B2/en
Publication of JP2005003121A publication Critical patent/JP2005003121A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/225Details of the ribs supporting the end of the rollers

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cylindrical roller bearing which can improve a seizing resistance without increasing the size of a bearing, and which can improve an allowable rotational speed. <P>SOLUTION: The cylindrical roller bearing (1) includes a collar (6) having a guide surface (7) for bringing the end face of a roller (4) into a contact guide by an inner ring (2). The diameter of the cylindrical roller (4) is Da, the end face (4a) of the cylindrical roller radially separated at 0.40Da from the central axis of the cylindrical roller is a first roller (A), and the end face (4a) of the cylindrical roller separated at 0.35Da is a second position (B). The end face (4a) of the cylindrical roller is brought into contact with the roller guide surface (7) between the first position (A) and the second position (B), and the end face (4a) of the cylindrical roller has a protruding crowning part (4b) made of a continuous curved line passing through the first position (A) and the second position (B). An angle α formed between a straight line for connecting the first position (A) to the second position (B) and a straight line perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical roller is α≤0.5°. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車のトランスミッション等に用いられ、過大なアキシアル荷重を許容できる円筒ころ軸受に関し、特に、高速回転や低粘度の油を用いた場合、或いは、潤滑装置が故障して潤滑油が十分に供給できない場合でも、直ちに焼付きを生じさせない様に耐焼付き性を向上させた円筒ころ軸受の改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、円筒ころ軸受では、複数の円筒ころを軌道輪の円周方向に案内するため、軌道輪の端部に鍔部を設け、この鍔部の内側面に形成されたころ案内面にころの端面を摺接させるように構成されている。また、自動車のトランスミッション等に用いられる円筒ころ軸受では、ラジアル荷重に加えてアキシアル荷重が負荷される。円筒ころ軸受がアキシアル荷重を受けて回転すると、円筒ころの端面が鍔部のころ案内面と接触する箇所にエッジロードのような局部的な応力が作用し、接触面に大きな摩擦が発生する。また、高速回転によりこの摩擦が顕著になると、摩耗や焼付きが発生して軸受の早期破損が起こる場合がある。
【0003】
そこで、ころの端面と鍔部のころ案内面間の接触面圧ができるだけ一様になるように、ころの端面や鍔部のころ案内面にわずかなテーパやクラウニングを設けて、大きなエッジロードが生じないように構成している。
円筒ころ軸受の焼付き防止または低減技術としては、ころと鍔部の接触面同士の粗さを向上させたり、接触面の位置をころの転動面と外輪(または内輪)の軌道面と同じ半径位置で接触させることによって、ころの端面と鍔部の滑りの影響を小さくする事が考えられる。
【0004】
従来の技術としては、接触するころの端面と鍔部の粗さを改善して潤滑不良を防止するようにしたころ軸受が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。また、潤滑性能を向上させるため、相対移動方向とほぼ直交する方向に加工目を設けるようにしたころ軸受が知られている(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。また、ころの端面と接触する鍔部の接触領域に複数の微小凹部を設けて油膜形成維持を図ったころ軸受が知られている(例えば、特許文献3参照。)。さらに、滑りによる発熱を低減するため、ころが鍔部と接触する位置をころの外径面と同じになるように、ころの形状を変えたころ軸受が知られている(例えば、特許文献4参照。)。
【0005】
また、ころの端面の面取り部と平面部との交点位置を、鍔面と研削用逃げ部との交点位置よりも、外輪鍔部では半径方向小径側で、内輪鍔部では半径方向大径側とすることにより、転がり接触部におけるころと鍔面内に油膜を確実に形成させて焼付き防止または低減を図る技術も提案されている(例えば、特許文献5参照。)。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−42746号公報(第2頁、第2図)
【特許文献2】
特開平7−91452号公報(第3頁、第7図)
【特許文献3】
特開平6−241235号公報(第2頁、第1図)
【特許文献4】
特開平9−236131号公報(第2頁、第1図)
【特許文献5】
特開2002−181053号公報(第3頁、第2図)
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特許文献1,2に示されるように粗さの改善や任意な加工目を設けることは、特殊な加工設備や加工時間の延長に伴うコストアップの問題や品質の安定性等に課題があった。一方、特許文献3,4に示されるように、ころの形状や鍔部の形状を変える場合においても、ころの加工に伴うコストアップや内輪、外輪の加工追加によるコストアップが考えられる。
【0008】
また、特許文献5に示された円筒ころ軸受にあっては、鍔面にクラウニングを施したり、あるいは、内輪鍔面ところの端面との接触部が、点を頂点とした円すいの外径面(内輪鍔面)と球面(ころの端面)との接触となるように構成されている。しかしながら、ころと鍔部の接触部に生じる接触楕円の長径の方向は軸受内輪の半径方向となるため、アキシアル荷重の大きさによってはこの接触楕円が内輪鍔面の逃げ溝、もしくは、鍔面の外径からはみ出してしまい、接触楕円と逃げ溝部との境界面、もしくは接触楕円と鍔面の外径部との境界面でエッジロードが発生するといった問題がある。
【0009】
さらに、上記接触楕円が鍔面の逃げ溝からはみ出すのを抑えるため、ころと鍔部との接触面である接触楕円の中心位置を鍔面の外径側に上げることが考えられる。しかしながら、この場合には、ころと鍔部間の滑りが大きくなるため、発熱量が増えてしまい軸受の温度上昇、鍔部のカジリや焼付き等が発生するという問題があった。
【0010】
本発明は、上記の問題を解決するため、軸受のサイズを大きくせずに、焼付き性能を改善し、許容回転数の向上を実現する円筒ころ軸受を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の目的は、以下の構成によって達成される。
(1)内輪軌道面を有する内輪と、外輪軌道面を有する外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪軌道面間に配された複数の円筒ころと、を備え、前記内輪と外輪の少なくとも一方は前記円筒ころの端面を接触案内するころ案内面を備えた鍔部を有する円筒ころ軸受であって、
前記円筒ころの直径をDaとし、前記円筒ころの中心軸から径方向に0.40Da離れた前記円筒ころの端面を第一の位置、前記円筒ころの中心軸から径方向に0.35Da離れた前記円筒ころの端面を第二の位置としたとき、前記円筒ころの端面は、前記第一の位置と第二の位置間で前記鍔部のころ案内面と接触し、
前記円筒ころの端面は、前記第一の位置と前記第二の位置を通過する連続した曲線からなる凸状のクラウニング部を備え、
前記第一の位置と前記第二の位置を結ぶ直線と、前記円筒ころの中心軸と垂直な直線がなす角度αは、α≦0.5°であることを特徴とする円筒ころ軸受。
(2)前記角度αは前記ころ案内面の開き角度θに対して、α<θを満足し、且つ、前記円筒ころの端面における少なくともクラウニング部の表面粗さは0.02〜0.15μmRaとしたことを特徴とする(1)に記載の円筒ころ軸受。
【0012】
本発明によれば、鍔部のころ案内面と接触するころの端面の形状を上記のように構成することで、アキシアル荷重が円筒ころ軸受に負荷された際に、鍔部のころ案内面ところの端面との接触部の接触面圧を小さくすることができる。この結果、この接触部のPV値(接触面圧Pと滑り速度Vの積)が低減され、耐焼付き性を向上することができる。従って、上記構成によれば、軸受のサイズを大きくせずに、耐焼付き性を改善でき、許容回転数の向上を図ることができる。
なお、自動車用の円筒ころ軸受においては、円筒ころの外径が25mm以下であれば、円筒ころの軌道面及び端面の研削加工により、0.15μmRa以下の表面粗さを満足することが可能となる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の円筒ころ軸受の一実施形態を図に基づいて説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る円筒ころ軸受の部分断面図であり、図2は、鍔部のころ案内面と円筒ころの端面とが接触する部分を示す要部拡大図である。
【0014】
図1に示されるように、円筒ころ軸受1は、内輪2と、外輪3と、複数の円筒ころ4と、保持器5とを備えている。内輪2は、外周面の中間部に内輪軌道面2aを有しており、外輪3は、内周面の中間部に外輪軌道面3aを有している。内輪軌道面2aと外輪軌道面3aとの間には、保持器5によって円周方向に所定の間隔で保持された円筒ころ4が転動自在に配置されている。
【0015】
内輪2の一端部及び外輪3の両端部には、円筒ころ4を内輪2及び外輪3の円周方向に案内するための鍔部6が設けられている。鍔部6は、その内側面に円筒ころ4の端面4aを接触案内するころ案内面7を備えている。図2(図示の例は内輪の鍔部)に示されるように、ころ案内面7は、円筒ころ4の軸方向に垂直な面に対して所定の鍔開き角度θだけ外側に開いて形成されている。円筒ころ4は、鍔部6のころ案内面7に端面4aを摺接させながら内輪軌道面2a上を転動する。
【0016】
円筒ころ4の端面4aは、円筒ころ4の直径をDaとし、円筒ころ4の中心軸CLから径方向に0.40Da離れた円筒ころ4の端面4aを第一の位置Aとし、円筒ころ4の中心軸CLから径方向に0.35Da離れた円筒ころ4の端面4aを第二の位置Bとすると、第一の位置Aと第二の位置Bとの間で鍔部6のころ案内面7と接触するように形成されている。
【0017】
円筒ころ4の端面4aは、第一の位置Aと第二の位置Bの2点を通過し、曲率半径Rの連続した曲線によって構成された凸状のクラウニング部4bを備えている。また、クラウニング部4bにおいて、第一の位置Aと第二の位置Bの2点を結ぶ直線と円筒ころの中心軸CLと垂直な直線とがなす傾斜角度αは、次式に示されるように、0.5°以下であるように形成されている。
α=Tan−1{(第一の位置Aでのころ落ち量−第二の位置Bでのころ落ち量)/0.05Da}≦0.5°
【0018】
このように形成される端面4aのクラウニング部4bは、ヤング率が10〜500MPaの弾性砥石を用いた、だらし加工によって与えられる。また、円筒ころ4の端面4aにおける少なくともクラウニング部4bの表面粗さは、0.02〜0.15μmRaとしている。なお、円筒ころの端面4aは、中心部に円形の凹部4cが形成されると共に、転動面と隣接する部分に面取り部4dが形成されている。
【0019】
本実施形態では、円筒ころ4の端面4a上の第一及び第二の位置A、B間を、鍔部6のころ案内面7と円筒ころ4の端面4aとが接触する接触域としたので、この接触域は鍔部の厚さのほぼ中央位置と対向し、耐アキシアル荷重を支承する上で最適な位置となる。
【0020】
また、円筒ころ4の端面4aのクラウニング4b部は、第一の位置Aと第二の位置Bとの2点を通過する連続した曲線からなり、傾斜角度αが0.5°以下となるような形状としたので、アキシアル荷重が作用した際に接触域での接触面圧を低下することができ、PV値を低下させることが可能となる。なお、本実施形態では、ころ案内面7の鍔開き角θに対して、円筒ころ4の端面4aの接触域における傾斜角度αを小さく設定しており、傾斜角度αと鍔開き角度θとの関係により接触面圧を低下させるように調整している。
【0021】
さらに、本実施形態では、従来のようにころの端面全体にクラウニングを設けずに、円筒ころ4の端面4a上の第一及び第二の位置A、B間のみを連続した曲線で形成しているので、加工時間が短くなりコストダウンが可能となるとともに、その部分のみを加工することになるため粗さも良好になり、耐焼付き性を向上することができる。なお、クラウニング部4bは、少なくとも第一の位置Aと第二の位置B間に亘って形成されていればよく、2点A,B間から両側に延びるように形成されてもよい。
【0022】
なお、本実施形態では、内輪側の鍔部について説明したが、外輪側の鍔部も同様に構成することができる。また、鍔部は内輪、外輪に対して直接フランジ状に形成されたものに限らず、軌道輪とは別体の鍔輪により構成したものでもよい。又、鍔部は両鍔でも片鍔であってもよい。即ち、使用時にアキシアル荷重が一方向にのみ加わるのであれば、アキシアル荷重が作用する側の端部にのみ、鍔部を設ければよい。例えば、図3に示したように、内輪2に軌道輪と別体の鍔輪10を設け、鍔輪10のころ案内面7と円筒ころ4の端面4aを上述のような構成としてもよい。
また、接触域は、円筒ころ4が鍔部6と接触した際に生じる接触楕円の少なくとも中心が第一及び第二の位置A,B間に位置する場合を含む。
【0023】
【実施例】
次に、円筒ころ4の端面形状が異なる円筒ころ軸受1を用いて回転性能試験を行った。なお、実施例1〜3、比較例1,2に用いられた円筒ころ軸受1は、内径が45mm、外径が75mm、幅が20mmのサイズのものが用いられた。円筒ころ4は、直径Daが7.5mm、長さが13mmのものが用いられ、ころ数を18個とした。また、保持器5として鉄製保持器が使用された。内輪2及び外輪3に設けられた鍔部6の鍔開き角度θは0.5°とした。
【0024】
内輪軌道面2a、外輪軌道面3a及び鍔部6のころ案内面7の表面粗さは、研磨加工または超仕上げ加工により、0.05〜0.20μmRaとした。また、各実施例、比較例における円筒ころ4の転動面の表面粗さは、同じ0.15μmRaとした。さらに、各実施例、比較例における円筒ころ4の端面4aの表面粗さは、10〜500MPaのヤング率の弾性砥石を用いた、だらし加工により、表1に示した値となる。
【0025】
各実施例及び比較例における円筒ころ4の端面形状は、例えば横型の直線形状機を用いて、縦倍率を1000倍程度、横倍率を20倍程度とすることで、図4に示されるように、その連続性や落ち量が各位置でわかるようなっている。
第一の位置Aである、ころ中心軸から径方向に0.40Da離れた位置(ころ中心から3mmの位置)でのころ落ち量は、図4によって得られた2箇所のころ落ち量d1、d1’の平均を算出することによって与えられる。また、第二の位置Bである、ころ中心軸から径方向に0.35Da離れた位置(ころ中心から2.625mmの位置)でのころ落ち量は、図4によって得られた2箇所のころ落ち量d2、d2’の平均を算出することによって与えられる。
各実施例、比較例における第一の位置Aと第二の位置Bでの平均ころ落ち量、2点A,Bの平均ころ落ち量から与えられた傾斜角度αを表1に示す。なお、比較例1は、端面にクラウニング処理が施されていない円筒ころからなる。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 2005003121
【0027】
また、各円筒ころ軸受の回転評価試験は、以下の条件で行われた。
Figure 2005003121
【0028】
図5は、各実施例及び比較例におけるに回転評価試験の結果を示す。試験結果に見られるように、実施例1〜3では、比較例1,2に比べて十分な許容回転数が与えられた。即ち、接触域における、第一の位置Aと第二の位置B間に連続した曲線からなるクラウニング部4bを設け、第一の位置Aと第二の位置Bとを結ぶ傾斜角度αを鍔開き角度θより小さい0.5°以下としたので、許容回転数を向上することができた。
【0029】
これは、実際の使用において、鍔部6ところ4の端面4aとの間に軸受すきまが存在するため、チルトの影響でころの姿勢が傾き、鍔部6のころ案内面7ところ4の端面4aとの接触位置が上下に移動する。しかしながら、各実施例1〜3では、ころ4の端面4aの接触域に上記のようなクラウニング部4bを設けたので、比較例1,2と比べて接触面を大きくとることができる。その結果、各実施例1〜3では、比較例1,2に比べて接触面圧を低下させることが可能となった。
【0030】
また、少なくともクラウニング部4bを含む端面4aの表面粗さを0.02〜0.15μmRaとしたので、鍔部6のころ案内面7と円筒ころ4の端面4aとの摩擦を低下させることが可能になると共に、油膜形成性が改善され、許容回転数が向上した。特に、実施例2では、端面4aの表面粗さを0.05μmRaとすることにより、鍔部6ところ4の端面4a間での発熱を低下させることが可能となり、許容回転数が向上している。
【0031】
一方、比較例1では、円筒ころ4の端面4aにクラウニング処理が施されていないため、Fa=1000Nでは、2000rpmで、Fa=3000Nでは、500rpmで、内輪2の鍔部6に焼付き摩耗が発生した。これは、円筒ころ4の端面4aにクラウニング処理が施されていないため、鍔部6での面圧が上昇して焼付いたと考えられる。
また、比較例2では、円筒ころ4の端面4aにクラウニング処理が施されているが、鍔部6のほぼ中央部で端面4aと接触しているため、接触面積が小さく、局部的な接触により焼付きが発生した。
【0032】
なお、本発明は、前述した実施例に限定されるものではなく、適宜、変形、改良、等が可能である。その他、前述した実施例における各構成要素の材質、形状、寸法、数値、形態、数、配置箇所、等は本発明を達成できるものであれば任意であり、限定されない。
【0033】
本試験においては、SUJ2の標準的な熱処理が行われたが、円筒ころ及び内外輪に浸炭及び浸炭窒化処理を施すことにより耐焼付き性を向上することができる。更に、材料として肌焼鋼を用いることで、残留オーステナイト量を20〜45%とし、表面硬さをHv700〜850とすることで更なる耐焼付き性を向上することができる。
また、保持器に関しては、更に高速回転となる使用の場合、プラスチック保持器を用いることにより、更に長寿命となる。また、保持器がないキーストンタイプの場合も同様な効果を有する。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、アキシアル荷重が円筒ころ軸受に負荷された際に、鍔部のころ案内面ところの端面との接触部の接触面圧を低下させることができ、鍔部/ころ接触部のPV値(軸受面圧Pとすべり速度Vの積)を下げ、焼付きの発生を抑えることができる。従って、上記構成によれば、軸受のサイズを大きくせずに、耐焼付き性を改善でき、許容回転数の向上を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態に係る円筒ころ軸受の部分断面図である。
【図2】鍔部のころ案内面と円筒ころの端面とが接触する部分を示す要部拡大図である。
【図3】本発明の実施形態の変形例である円筒ころ軸受の部分断面図である。
【図4】直線形状機によって測定される、ころ端面の形状を示す概略図である。
【図5】本試験における、アキシアル荷重と内輪許容回転数の関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 円筒ころ軸受
2 内輪
3 外輪
4 円筒ころ
5 保持器
6 鍔部
7 ころ案内面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cylindrical roller bearing that is used in automobile transmissions and the like and can tolerate an excessive axial load. In particular, when high-speed rotation or low-viscosity oil is used, or when a lubricating device fails and the lubricating oil is sufficient. The present invention relates to an improvement in a cylindrical roller bearing that has improved seizure resistance so that seizure does not occur immediately even when it cannot be supplied.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, in a cylindrical roller bearing, in order to guide a plurality of cylindrical rollers in the circumferential direction of the bearing ring, a collar is provided at the end of the bearing ring, and the roller guide surface formed on the inner surface of the collar is provided with a roller. It is comprised so that an end surface may be slidably contacted. In addition, in a cylindrical roller bearing used for an automobile transmission or the like, an axial load is applied in addition to a radial load. When the cylindrical roller bearing rotates under an axial load, a local stress such as an edge load acts on a portion where the end surface of the cylindrical roller contacts the roller guide surface of the flange, and a large friction is generated on the contact surface. Further, if this friction becomes significant due to high-speed rotation, wear and seizure may occur, and the bearing may be prematurely damaged.
[0003]
Therefore, in order to make the contact surface pressure between the roller end face and the roller guide surface of the collar part as uniform as possible, a slight taper or crowning is provided on the roller end face or the roller guide surface of the collar part to increase the large edge load. It is configured not to occur.
To prevent or reduce the seizure of cylindrical roller bearings, improve the roughness between the contact surfaces of the roller and flange, or position the contact surface the same as the rolling surface of the roller and the raceway of the outer ring (or inner ring) It is conceivable to reduce the influence of sliding between the end face of the roller and the collar portion by contacting at the radial position.
[0004]
As a conventional technique, there is known a roller bearing in which the roughness of the end face and the flange of the contacting roller is improved to prevent poor lubrication (for example, see Patent Document 1). In addition, a roller bearing is known in which a work is provided in a direction substantially orthogonal to the relative movement direction in order to improve the lubrication performance (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In addition, a roller bearing is known in which a plurality of minute recesses are provided in the contact region of the flange that contacts the end face of the roller to maintain the formation of an oil film (see, for example, Patent Document 3). Furthermore, in order to reduce heat generation due to sliding, a roller bearing in which the shape of the roller is changed so that the position where the roller contacts the flange is the same as the outer diameter surface of the roller is known (for example, Patent Document 4). reference.).
[0005]
In addition, the position of the intersection between the chamfered portion and the flat portion of the roller end face is smaller in the radial direction at the outer ring flange than the intersection position between the flange surface and the grinding relief portion, and larger in the radial direction at the inner ring flange. By doing so, a technique for preventing or reducing seizure by reliably forming an oil film in the roller and collar surface at the rolling contact portion has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 5).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-42746 (second page, FIG. 2)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-7-91452 (page 3, FIG. 7)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-6-241235 (2nd page, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-236131 (2nd page, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2002-181053 A (page 3, FIG. 2)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the improvement of roughness and the provision of an optional processing line have problems in terms of cost increase due to special processing equipment and extension of processing time, quality stability, etc. there were. On the other hand, as shown in Patent Documents 3 and 4, even when the shape of the roller and the shape of the collar portion are changed, an increase in cost due to the processing of the roller and an increase in cost due to the processing addition of the inner ring and the outer ring can be considered.
[0008]
Moreover, in the cylindrical roller bearing shown in Patent Document 5, the outer surface of a cone having a point at the apex is formed by crowning the flange surface or the contact portion with the end surface of the inner ring flange surface ( The inner ring flange surface is in contact with the spherical surface (the end surface of the roller). However, since the direction of the major axis of the contact ellipse generated at the contact portion between the roller and the flange is the radial direction of the bearing inner ring, this contact ellipse may become a relief groove on the inner ring flange surface or the flange surface depending on the axial load. There is a problem in that it protrudes from the outer diameter and an edge load occurs at the boundary surface between the contact ellipse and the escape groove portion or the boundary surface between the contact ellipse and the outer diameter portion of the flange surface.
[0009]
Furthermore, in order to prevent the contact ellipse from protruding from the escape groove on the flange surface, it is conceivable to raise the center position of the contact ellipse, which is the contact surface between the roller and the flange, to the outer diameter side of the flange surface. However, in this case, since the slip between the roller and the collar portion becomes large, there is a problem that the amount of heat generation increases, and the temperature of the bearing rises, the collar portion of the collar portion or seizure occurs.
[0010]
In order to solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical roller bearing that improves seizure performance and increases an allowable rotational speed without increasing the size of the bearing.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
(1) An inner ring having an inner ring raceway surface, an outer ring having an outer ring raceway surface, and a plurality of cylindrical rollers disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring raceway surface, at least one of the inner ring and the outer ring being the cylinder A cylindrical roller bearing having a flange with a roller guide surface that contacts and guides the end surface of the roller,
The diameter of the cylindrical roller is Da, and the end surface of the cylindrical roller that is 0.40 Da away from the central axis of the cylindrical roller in the radial direction is separated from the central axis of the cylindrical roller by 0.35 Da in the radial direction. When the end face of the cylindrical roller is the second position, the end face of the cylindrical roller is in contact with the roller guide surface of the flange between the first position and the second position,
The end surface of the cylindrical roller includes a convex crowning portion made of a continuous curve passing through the first position and the second position,
An angle α formed by a straight line connecting the first position and the second position and a straight line perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical roller is α ≦ 0.5 °.
(2) The angle α satisfies α <θ with respect to the opening angle θ of the roller guide surface, and the surface roughness of at least the crowning portion on the end surface of the cylindrical roller is 0.02 to 0.15 μmRa. The cylindrical roller bearing according to (1), wherein
[0012]
According to the present invention, the configuration of the end face of the roller in contact with the roller guide surface of the flange portion is configured as described above, so that when the axial load is applied to the cylindrical roller bearing, the roller guide surface of the flange portion It is possible to reduce the contact surface pressure of the contact portion with the end surface. As a result, the PV value (product of the contact surface pressure P and the sliding speed V) of the contact portion is reduced, and seizure resistance can be improved. Therefore, according to the above configuration, the seizure resistance can be improved without increasing the size of the bearing, and the allowable rotational speed can be improved.
In addition, in a cylindrical roller bearing for automobiles, if the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller is 25 mm or less, it is possible to satisfy a surface roughness of 0.15 μmRa or less by grinding the raceway surface and end surface of the cylindrical roller. Become.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a cylindrical roller bearing of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cylindrical roller bearing according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part showing a portion where the roller guide surface of the flange portion and the end surface of the cylindrical roller are in contact with each other.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, the cylindrical roller bearing 1 includes an inner ring 2, an outer ring 3, a plurality of cylindrical rollers 4, and a cage 5. The inner ring 2 has an inner ring raceway surface 2a at an intermediate portion of the outer peripheral surface, and the outer ring 3 has an outer ring raceway surface 3a at an intermediate portion of the inner peripheral surface. Between the inner ring raceway surface 2a and the outer ring raceway surface 3a, cylindrical rollers 4 held at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction by a cage 5 are arranged so as to be able to roll.
[0015]
At one end of the inner ring 2 and at both ends of the outer ring 3, flanges 6 for guiding the cylindrical rollers 4 in the circumferential direction of the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 3 are provided. The flange portion 6 includes a roller guide surface 7 that contacts and guides the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 on the inner surface thereof. As shown in FIG. 2 (the illustrated example is a flange portion of the inner ring), the roller guide surface 7 is formed to open outward by a predetermined opening angle θ with respect to a surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical roller 4. ing. The cylindrical roller 4 rolls on the inner ring raceway surface 2 a while the end surface 4 a is in sliding contact with the roller guide surface 7 of the flange portion 6.
[0016]
The end face 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 has the diameter of the cylindrical roller 4 as Da, the end face 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 that is radially separated from the central axis CL of the cylindrical roller 4 by 0.40 Da as the first position A, and the cylindrical roller 4 When the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 that is 0.35 Da away from the central axis CL in the radial direction is the second position B, the roller guide surface of the flange portion 6 between the first position A and the second position B. 7 is formed so as to be in contact with 7.
[0017]
The end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 includes a convex crowning portion 4b that passes through two points of the first position A and the second position B and is configured by a continuous curve having a radius of curvature R. In the crowning portion 4b, an inclination angle α formed by a straight line connecting the two points of the first position A and the second position B and a straight line perpendicular to the central axis CL of the cylindrical roller is expressed by the following equation. , 0.5 ° or less.
α = Tan −1 {(roller drop amount at the first position A−roller drop amount at the second position B) /0.05 Da} ≦ 0.5 °
[0018]
The crowning portion 4b of the end face 4a formed in this way is given by defacement using an elastic grindstone having a Young's modulus of 10 to 500 MPa. The surface roughness of at least the crowning portion 4b on the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 is 0.02 to 0.15 μmRa. The end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller has a circular recess 4c formed at the center, and a chamfered portion 4d formed at a portion adjacent to the rolling surface.
[0019]
In the present embodiment, the first and second positions A and B on the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 are defined as contact areas where the roller guide surface 7 of the flange 6 and the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 are in contact with each other. This contact area faces the substantially central position of the thickness of the collar portion, and is an optimum position for supporting the axial load.
[0020]
Further, the crowning 4b portion of the end face 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 is composed of a continuous curve passing through two points of the first position A and the second position B, and the inclination angle α is 0.5 ° or less. Since it was made into the shape, when an axial load acts, the contact surface pressure in a contact area can be reduced and it becomes possible to reduce PV value. In the present embodiment, the inclination angle α in the contact area of the end face 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 is set smaller than the opening angle θ of the roller guide surface 7, and the inclination angle α and the opening angle θ The contact surface pressure is adjusted to be reduced depending on the relationship.
[0021]
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the entire end face of the roller is not provided with a crowning as in the prior art, and only the first and second positions A and B on the end face 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 are formed by a continuous curve. Therefore, the processing time is shortened, the cost can be reduced, and only the portion is processed, so that the roughness is improved and the seizure resistance can be improved. The crowning portion 4b only needs to be formed at least between the first position A and the second position B, and may be formed so as to extend from between the two points A and B to both sides.
[0022]
In the present embodiment, the inner ring-side flange has been described, but the outer ring-side flange can be similarly configured. Further, the collar portion is not limited to the one directly formed in a flange shape with respect to the inner ring and the outer ring, and may be configured by a collar ring separate from the race ring. Further, the collar portion may be either a double collar or a single collar. In other words, if the axial load is applied only in one direction during use, it is only necessary to provide the flange portion only at the end on the side where the axial load acts. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner ring 2 may be provided with a separate ring 10 from the race ring, and the roller guide surface 7 of the ring 10 and the end face 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 may be configured as described above.
The contact area includes a case where at least the center of the contact ellipse generated when the cylindrical roller 4 comes into contact with the flange 6 is located between the first and second positions A and B.
[0023]
【Example】
Next, a rotational performance test was performed using cylindrical roller bearings 1 having different end face shapes of the cylindrical rollers 4. The cylindrical roller bearings 1 used in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were those having an inner diameter of 45 mm, an outer diameter of 75 mm, and a width of 20 mm. The cylindrical roller 4 has a diameter Da of 7.5 mm and a length of 13 mm, and has 18 rollers. Further, an iron cage was used as the cage 5. The opening angle θ of the flange portion 6 provided on the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 3 is 0.5 °.
[0024]
The surface roughness of the inner ring raceway surface 2a, the outer ring raceway surface 3a, and the roller guide surface 7 of the flange 6 was set to 0.05 to 0.20 μmRa by polishing or superfinishing. The surface roughness of the rolling surface of the cylindrical roller 4 in each example and comparative example was the same 0.15 μmRa. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 in each of the examples and comparative examples has the values shown in Table 1 by defacement using an elastic grindstone having a Young's modulus of 10 to 500 MPa.
[0025]
The end face shape of the cylindrical roller 4 in each example and comparative example is as shown in FIG. 4 by using, for example, a horizontal linear shape machine and setting the vertical magnification to about 1000 times and the horizontal magnification to about 20 times. The continuity and drop amount can be understood at each position.
The roller drop amount at the first position A, which is 0.40 Da in the radial direction from the roller center axis (position of 3 mm from the roller center) is the roller drop amount d1 at two locations obtained by FIG. It is given by calculating the average of d1 ′. Further, the roller drop amount at the second position B, which is 0.35 Da in the radial direction from the roller center axis (position of 2.625 mm from the roller center), is the two roller positions obtained by FIG. It is given by calculating the average of drop amounts d2, d2 ′.
Table 1 shows the inclination angle α given by the average roller drop amount at the first position A and the second position B in each example and comparative example, and the average roller drop amount at the two points A and B. In addition, the comparative example 1 consists of a cylindrical roller by which the crowning process is not given to the end surface.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005003121
[0027]
Moreover, the rotation evaluation test of each cylindrical roller bearing was performed on the following conditions.
Figure 2005003121
[0028]
FIG. 5 shows the results of the rotation evaluation test in each example and comparative example. As can be seen from the test results, in Examples 1 to 3, a sufficient allowable rotational speed was given compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. That is, in the contact area, a crowning portion 4b having a continuous curve is provided between the first position A and the second position B, and the inclination angle α connecting the first position A and the second position B is opened. Since the angle θ is 0.5 ° or less, which is smaller than the angle θ, the allowable rotational speed can be improved.
[0029]
This is because, in actual use, there is a bearing clearance between the end surface 4a of the flange portion 6 and 4, so that the posture of the roller is inclined due to the tilt, and the roller guide surface 7 of the flange portion 6 and the end surface 4a of the end portion 4a. The contact position moves up and down. However, in each of the first to third embodiments, since the crowning portion 4b as described above is provided in the contact area of the end surface 4a of the roller 4, the contact surface can be made larger than in the first and second comparative examples. As a result, in each of Examples 1 to 3, the contact surface pressure can be reduced as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
[0030]
Moreover, since the surface roughness of the end surface 4a including at least the crowning portion 4b is 0.02 to 0.15 μmRa, it is possible to reduce the friction between the roller guide surface 7 of the flange portion 6 and the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4. As a result, the oil film formation was improved and the allowable rotational speed was improved. In particular, in Example 2, by setting the surface roughness of the end face 4a to 0.05 μmRa, it becomes possible to reduce the heat generation between the end faces 4a of the flange portions 6 and 4, and the allowable rotational speed is improved. .
[0031]
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 is not subjected to crowning treatment, so seizure wear occurs on the flange portion 6 of the inner ring 2 at 2000 rpm when Fa = 1000N and 500 rpm when Fa = 3000N. Occurred. This is probably because the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 is not subjected to the crowning process, and the surface pressure at the flange 6 is increased and seized.
Further, in Comparative Example 2, the end surface 4a of the cylindrical roller 4 is subjected to the crowning process. However, since the end surface 4a is in contact with the end surface 4a at the substantially central portion of the flange portion 6, the contact area is small and local contact is caused. Seizure occurred.
[0032]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the Example mentioned above, A deformation | transformation, improvement, etc. are possible suitably. In addition, the material, shape, dimension, numerical value, form, number, arrangement location, and the like of each component in the above-described embodiment are arbitrary and are not limited as long as the present invention can be achieved.
[0033]
In this test, the standard heat treatment of SUJ2 was performed, but the seizure resistance can be improved by carburizing and carbonitriding the cylindrical rollers and the inner and outer rings. Furthermore, by using case-hardened steel as the material, the amount of retained austenite is set to 20 to 45%, and the surface hardness is set to Hv 700 to 850, whereby further seizure resistance can be improved.
Further, regarding the cage, in the case of use that further rotates at a higher speed, the use of the plastic cage further increases the life. In addition, the same effect is obtained in the case of a keystone type without a cage.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when an axial load is applied to the cylindrical roller bearing, the contact surface pressure of the contact portion with the end surface of the roller guide surface of the flange portion can be reduced. The PV value (product of bearing surface pressure P and sliding speed V) of the roller / roller contact portion can be lowered, and seizure can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the above configuration, the seizure resistance can be improved without increasing the size of the bearing, and the allowable rotational speed can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cylindrical roller bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part showing a portion where a roller guide surface of a collar portion and an end surface of a cylindrical roller are in contact with each other.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cylindrical roller bearing which is a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the shape of a roller end face measured by a linear shape machine.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the axial load and the inner ring allowable rotational speed in this test.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylindrical roller bearing 2 Inner ring 3 Outer ring 4 Cylindrical roller 5 Cage 6 保持 part 7 Roller guide surface

Claims (2)

内輪軌道面を有する内輪と、外輪軌道面を有する外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪軌道面間に配された複数の円筒ころと、を備え、前記内輪と外輪の少なくとも一方は前記円筒ころの端面を接触案内するころ案内面を備えた鍔部を有する円筒ころ軸受であって、
前記円筒ころの直径をDaとし、前記円筒ころの中心軸から径方向に0.40Da離れた前記円筒ころの端面を第一の位置、前記円筒ころの中心軸から径方向に0.35Da離れた前記円筒ころの端面を第二の位置としたとき、前記円筒ころの端面は、前記第一の位置と第二の位置間で前記鍔部のころ案内面と接触し、
前記円筒ころの端面は、前記第一の位置と前記第二の位置を通過する連続した曲線からなる凸状のクラウニング部を備え、
前記第一の位置と前記第二の位置を結ぶ直線と、前記円筒ころの中心軸と垂直な直線がなす角度αは、α≦0.5°であることを特徴とする円筒ころ軸受。
An inner ring having an inner ring raceway surface, an outer ring having an outer ring raceway surface, and a plurality of cylindrical rollers disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring raceway surface, at least one of the inner ring and the outer ring being an end surface of the cylindrical roller A cylindrical roller bearing having a collar portion with a roller guide surface for contact guiding,
The diameter of the cylindrical roller is Da, and the end surface of the cylindrical roller that is 0.40 Da away from the central axis of the cylindrical roller in the radial direction is separated from the central axis of the cylindrical roller by 0.35 Da in the radial direction. When the end face of the cylindrical roller is the second position, the end face of the cylindrical roller is in contact with the roller guide surface of the flange between the first position and the second position,
The end surface of the cylindrical roller includes a convex crowning portion made of a continuous curve passing through the first position and the second position.
An angle α formed by a straight line connecting the first position and the second position and a straight line perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical roller is α ≦ 0.5 °.
前記角度αは前記ころ案内面の開き角度θに対して、α<θを満足し、且つ、前記円筒ころの端面における少なくともクラウニング部の表面粗さは0.02〜0.15μmRaとしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の円筒ころ軸受。The angle α satisfies α <θ with respect to the opening angle θ of the roller guide surface, and at least the surface roughness of the crowning portion on the end surface of the cylindrical roller is 0.02 to 0.15 μmRa. The cylindrical roller bearing according to claim 1, wherein
JP2003168107A 2003-06-12 2003-06-12 Cylindrical roller bearing Pending JP2005003121A (en)

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JP2003168107A JP2005003121A (en) 2003-06-12 2003-06-12 Cylindrical roller bearing
PCT/JP2004/007044 WO2004111477A1 (en) 2003-06-12 2004-05-18 Cylindrical roller bearing
EP04733675.5A EP1632685B1 (en) 2003-06-12 2004-05-18 Cylindrical roller bearing
US10/560,283 US7416346B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2004-05-18 Cylindrical roller bearing

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006075658A1 (en) * 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Nsk Ltd. Cam follower device
JP2007155021A (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-21 Nsk Ltd Roller bearing
JP2008057571A (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-13 Ntn Corp Roller for rolling bearing and rolling bearing
DE102010062481B3 (en) * 2010-12-06 2011-12-15 Aktiebolaget Skf Geometry concept for a roller-to-board contact in roller bearings
JP2016003566A (en) * 2014-06-13 2016-01-12 三菱重工業株式会社 Radial piston hydraulic machine and wind power generator
JP2017180468A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-05 三菱重工業株式会社 Radial piston type hydraulic machinery and wind power generator
WO2022209598A1 (en) 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 日本精工株式会社 Roller bearing, roller bearing unit, motor, roller bearing manufacturing method, and roller bearing silencing method

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006075658A1 (en) * 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Nsk Ltd. Cam follower device
JP2007155021A (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-21 Nsk Ltd Roller bearing
JP2008057571A (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-13 Ntn Corp Roller for rolling bearing and rolling bearing
DE102010062481B3 (en) * 2010-12-06 2011-12-15 Aktiebolaget Skf Geometry concept for a roller-to-board contact in roller bearings
US8899839B2 (en) 2010-12-06 2014-12-02 Aktiebolaget Skf Geometric concept for a roller-flange contact in roller bearings
JP2016003566A (en) * 2014-06-13 2016-01-12 三菱重工業株式会社 Radial piston hydraulic machine and wind power generator
JP2017180468A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-05 三菱重工業株式会社 Radial piston type hydraulic machinery and wind power generator
WO2022209598A1 (en) 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 日本精工株式会社 Roller bearing, roller bearing unit, motor, roller bearing manufacturing method, and roller bearing silencing method

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