JP2005002373A - Method for manufacturing electrogalvanized steel sheet having superior surface appearance - Google Patents
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【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、優れた表面外観を有し、家電、自動車等の用途に用いられる電気亜鉛メッキ鋼板の製造方法に関し、更に詳しくは、防錆剤を含有する水性液で調質圧延された冷延鋼板を用いて表面外観の優れた電気亜鉛メッキ鋼板を製造する方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
家電、自動車等の用途において、電気亜鉛メッキ鋼板の外観品質要求は厳格化の一途をたどっており、これまで見過ごされてきたごく僅かなムラも無視できなくなりつつある。特に最近は、メッキままでのムラはもちろん、メッキままでは目認出来なくとも、塗装、あるいは塗装のための前処理を行った場合にメッキのムラを起因にしてムラが発生して問題視される場合もある。
【０００３】
これらムラの多くは、メッキ原板の酸化膜のムラ、微量成分のムラといった、上工程に起因するものが多く、各種の改善方法が提案されている。
一例を挙げれば、原板にＮｉ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅその他の金属をプレメッキする方法（特許文献１、特許文献２、特許文献３、特許文献４）、メッキ液に各種成分を添加する方法（特許文献５、特許文献６、特許文献７、特許文献８）などである。
【０００４】
以上の方法は一定の効果を得ることはできるものの、必ずしも十分ではない。特に本発明者等の検討によれば、メッキ原板として水性の処理液で調質圧延した冷延鋼板を用いた場合に、原因を特定し難いムラが発生する場合があることが判明した。一般に調質圧延には水性の処理液を用いる場合があるが、この際は圧延性のみでなく防錆性の確保が課題となり各種の防錆添加剤が添加された水性調質圧延液が提案されている。防錆添加剤としては例えばフェノキシアルキルカルボン酸塩化合物（特許文献９）、１ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール化合物またはその塩（特許文献１０）などである。これらは、鋼板表面に強く吸着するため、その状況によっては、微小なメッキムラの起因になると考えられる。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】
特開平７−７６７９３号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平８−４９０９１号公報
【特許文献３】
特開平８−１３４６８８号公報
【特許文献４】
特開平８−１８８８９８号公報
【特許文献５】
特開平９−２５６１９２号公報
【特許文献６】
特開平９−１９５０８２号公報
【特許文献７】
特開平８−１５８０９０号公報
【特許文献８】
特開平８−１８８８９９号公報
【特許文献９】
特公昭５９−３１５９４号公報
【特許文献１０】
特公昭５３−２７６９４号公報
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、防錆剤を含有する水性液で調質圧延された冷延鋼板に電気亜鉛メッキを施す際にも、微小なムラが発生せず良好な外観を得ることができる電気亜鉛メッキ鋼板の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の要旨とするところは、防錆剤を含有する水性液を用いて調質圧延した冷延鋼板に、電気亜鉛メッキを施すにあたり、アルカリ液による処理、リンス、酸性液による処理、リンスよりなるメッキ前処理のアルカリ液による処理として、アルカリ液中で鋼板がカソードとなるように電解することを特徴とする表面外観に優れた電気亜鉛メッキ鋼板の製造方法にある。望ましくは、アルカリ液中で鋼板の極性を切り替えつつ電解し、最後にカソードとなるようにするものである。更に望ましくは、最初の電解の極性もカソードとするものである。また、アルカリ処理後にブラシによる洗浄を行うこともできる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者等の検討によれば、防錆添加剤として、フェノキシアルキルカルボン酸塩化合物（特許文献９参照）、１ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール化合物またはその塩（特許文献１０参照）などを含有する水性液を用いて調質圧延した冷延鋼板には、その表面上に前記防錆添加剤が残存していること、またこの鋼板に電気亜鉛メッキを施すにあたり実施する前処理の条件によっては、前記防錆添加剤が、初期以上に濃化して付着する場合があること、更には前記防錆添加剤の不均一付着状況が電気亜鉛メッキの外観の不均一に大きく影響することを見出した。
【０００９】
電気亜鉛メッキの前処理としては、一般的に、アルカリ液による処理、リンス、酸性液による処理、リンスの順で実施される。本発明は、特にこの中でアルカリ液による処理の条件の重要性を見出したものであり、以下にその詳細を説明する。
【００１０】
前述の調質液起因の防錆添加剤は、１原子層レベルの残存であってもメッキ外観に影響を及ぼす。そこで、アルカリ液による処理の過程でこれらを均一に除去する必要があるが、この際、特に鋼板の極性をカソードとなるように電解することが有効である。電解なしの単なる浸漬では、除去作用が少ない。また、鋼板の極性をアノードになるように電解すると、逆に防錆添加剤が再付着することもあって好ましくない。なお、ここでのアルカリ液については、通常通りＮａＯＨ、オルソケイ酸Ｎａ等が用いられ、その濃度は例えば、１０〜２００ｇ／ｌ（リットル）、その温度は常温〜８０℃程度が使用出来る。また電解の電流密度については、０．１Ａ／ｄｍ２ 程度以上で十分効果が発揮できる。
【００１１】
アルカリ液中で鋼板の極性をカソードとなるように電解する装置として、図１を例示できる。図１は縦型電解処理装置であって、１は電源、２は鋼板、３はロール、４はアルカリ液、５はアルカリ槽、６は電極、７は通電ロールである。
【００１２】
前述の様に、アルカリ液中でのカソード電解が有効であるが、実操業におけるアルカリ液中には、不可避的に鉄その他の金属イオン不純物も混入する。このため、カソード電解のみではこれら不純物金属イオンが付着、析出することでメッキ外観を悪化させる場合もある。このため、本発明のより好ましい形態は、アルカリ液中での鋼板の極性をカソード、アノード切り替えつつ電解し、最後にカソードとなるようにすることである。最後にカソードとすることで、防錆添加剤の均一除去性が高くなる。また本発明における更に好ましい形態は、アルカリ液中で最初にカソード電解した後、極性を切り替え、最後にカソードとなるようにすることである。このようにすることで、防錆添加剤の鋼板への再付着も最小化できる。
【００１３】
以上のようなアルカリ液中での鋼板の極性を替えつつ電解する装置として、図２、３を例示できる。図２は横型電解処理装置であり、図３は縦型２槽電解処理装置である。いずれの図でも、１は電源、２は鋼板、３はロール、４はアルカリ液、５はアルカリ槽、６は電極である。
【００１４】
本発明において、アルカリ処理の後にブラシによる清浄化を行えば、更に均一な外観が得られるため好ましい。
アルカリ処理後の酸処理については特に限定なく、通常用いられる方法で処理すれば良い。
電気亜鉛メッキ浴については、通常の硫酸Ｚｎ浴が生産性の観点から好ましい。メッキ浴中には、不純物として、Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｉｎ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｒ等が含有されていてもよい。
【００１５】
【実施例】
以下に実施例によって本発明を詳細に説明する。
いずれの例でも、原板として、１ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾールを０．５％含有する水性液で調質圧延を行ったＴｉ−ＳＵＬＣ冷延鋼板を用いた。
【００１６】
（実施例１〜３および比較例１〜２）
アルカリ処理は、実験室のビーカー型セルを用い、ＮａＯＨ：５０ｇ／ｌ、７０℃の浴で処理を行った。実施例１〜３では、鋼板の電解極性をカソード（Ｃ）となるように電解した。電流密度と時間は表１中に示す。比較例１では、電解せず浸漬ままの処理を、比較例２では鋼板の電解極性をアノード（Ａ）となるように電解した。以上のアルカリ処理、リンスのあと、硫酸１００ｇ／ｌの液で処理し、リンス後、以下の浴で電流密度１００Ａ／ｄｍ２ にて、付着量３０ｇ／ｍ２ の電気亜鉛メッキを行った。
ＺｎＳＯ４ ・７Ｈ２ Ｏ：３００ｇ／ｌ
Ｎａ２ ＳＯ４ ：６０ｇ／ｌ
Ｈ２ ＳＯ４ ：２５ｇ／ｌ
Ｎｉ ：１５０ｐｐｍ
Ｆｅ ：１ｇ／ｌ
Ｐｂ ：０．１ｐｐｍ
【００１７】
（実施例４〜７および比較例３〜５）
アルカリ処理は、図３に示した縦型２槽処理装置にてＮａＯＨ：５０ｇ／ｌ、７０℃の浴で処理を行った。
実施例４，５，７では、鋼板の電解極性をカソード（Ｃ）→アノード（Ａ）→アノード（Ａ）→カソード（Ｃ）となるように電解した。電流密度と時間は表２中に示す。実施例６では、鋼板の電解極性をアノード（Ａ）→カソード（Ｃ）→アノード（Ａ）→カソード（Ｃ）となるように電解した。比較例３では、電解せず浸漬ままの処理を、比較例４では鋼板の電解極性をカソード（Ｃ）→アノード（Ａ）→カソード（Ｃ）→アノード（Ａ）となるように電解した。比較例５では鋼板の電解極性をアノード（Ａ）→カソード（Ｃ）→カソード（Ｃ）→アノード（Ａ）となるように電解した。実施例７では電解処理の後、更にブラシスクラバーでの洗浄も行った。
以上のアルカリ処理、リンスのあと、硫酸１００ｇ／ｌの液で処理し、リンス後、以下の浴で電流密度１００Ａ／ｄｍ２ にて、付着量３０ｇ／ｍ２ の電気亜鉛メッキを行った。
ＺｎＳＯ４ ・７Ｈ２ Ｏ：３００ｇ／ｌ
Ｎａ２ ＳＯ４ ：６０ｇ／ｌ
Ｈ２ ＳＯ４ ：２５ｇ／ｌ
Ｎｉ ：１５０ｐｐｍ
Ｆｅ ：１ｇ／ｌ
Ｐｂ ：０．１ｐｐｍ
【００１８】
（性能評価方法）
▲１▼目視外観ムラ：メッキ後の外観を目視判定し，以下の判定記号で評価した。
◎：均一
○：見る角度によっては認知できる極めて軽微なムラあり
△：軽微なムラあり
▲２▼結晶均一性：メッキ表面をＳＥＭ観察（×１０００）し、Ｚｎの六方晶の均一性を判定し、以下の判定記号で評価た。
◎：均一
○：視野によってはやや不均一な箇所あり
△：やや不均一
【００１９】
以上の評価結果を表１，２に示す。
表１，２に示すように、本発明の実施例では良好な外観の電気亜鉛メッキ鋼板が得られた。
【００２０】
【表１】
【表２】
【発明の効果】
本発明によって、防錆剤を含有する水性液で調質圧延された冷延鋼板に電気亜鉛メッキを施す際にも、微小なムラが発生せず良好な外観を得ることができる電気亜鉛メッキ鋼板の製造方法を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】請求項１にかかわる本発明の実施に用いる縦型電解処理装置。
【図２】請求項２および３にかかわる本発明の実施に用いる横型電解処理装置。
【図３】請求項２および３にかかわる本発明の実施に用いる縦型２槽電解処理装置。
【符号の説明】
１：電源
２：鋼板
３：ロール
４：アルカリ液
５：アルカリ槽
６：電極
７：通電ロール
Ａ：アノード
Ｃ：カソード[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrogalvanized steel sheet having an excellent surface appearance and used for home appliances, automobiles, and the like, and more specifically, cold rolling temper-rolled with an aqueous liquid containing a rust inhibitor. The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrogalvanized steel sheet having an excellent surface appearance using a steel sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In applications such as home appliances and automobiles, the external quality requirements for electrogalvanized steel sheets are becoming stricter, and the slight unevenness that has been overlooked so far can no longer be ignored. Recently, in particular, unevenness due to plating has been observed, and even if it cannot be recognized as plating, unevenness has occurred due to unevenness of plating when painting or pretreatment for coating is performed. There is also a case.
[0003]
Many of these unevennesses are caused by the above process such as unevenness of the oxide film of the plating original plate and unevenness of trace components, and various improvement methods have been proposed.
For example, Ni, Co, Cr, Ti, Mn, Fe and other metals are pre-plated on the original plate (Patent Literature 1,
[0004]
Although the above method can obtain a certain effect, it is not always sufficient. In particular, according to the study by the present inventors, it has been found that when a cold-rolled steel sheet tempered with an aqueous treatment liquid is used as a plating original sheet, unevenness in which the cause is difficult to identify may occur. In general, an aqueous treatment liquid may be used for temper rolling. In this case, it is necessary to secure not only the rollability but also rust prevention, and an aqueous temper rolling liquid to which various rust additives are added is proposed. Has been. Examples of the anticorrosive additive include a phenoxyalkylcarboxylate compound (Patent Document 9), a 1 hydroxybenzotriazole compound or a salt thereof (Patent Document 10), and the like. Since these are strongly adsorbed on the steel plate surface, it is considered that this may cause minute plating unevenness depending on the situation.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-76793 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-49091 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-8-134688 [Patent Document 4]
JP-A-8-188898 [Patent Document 5]
JP-A-9-256192 [Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-195082 [Patent Document 7]
JP-A-8-158090 [Patent Document 8]
JP-A-8-188899 [Patent Document 9]
Japanese Patent Publication No.59-31594 [Patent Document 10]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-27694 [0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has a good appearance without causing fine unevenness even when electrogalvanizing is applied to a cold-rolled steel sheet tempered and rolled with an aqueous liquid containing a rust inhibitor. It is an object to provide a method for producing an electrogalvanized steel sheet capable of obtaining
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is that, when performing electrogalvanization on a cold-rolled steel sheet tempered and rolled using an aqueous liquid containing a rust preventive agent, treatment with an alkaline solution, rinsing, treatment with an acidic solution, rinsing In the method for producing an electrogalvanized steel sheet having an excellent surface appearance, electrolysis is performed so that the steel sheet becomes a cathode in an alkaline solution as a treatment with an alkali solution in the pretreatment for plating. Desirably, electrolysis is performed while switching the polarity of the steel sheet in an alkaline solution, and finally the cathode is formed. More preferably, the polarity of the initial electrolysis is also the cathode. In addition, cleaning with a brush can be performed after the alkali treatment.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to the study by the present inventors, an aqueous liquid containing a phenoxyalkylcarboxylate compound (see Patent Document 9), 1 hydroxybenzotriazole compound or a salt thereof (see Patent Document 10), etc. as an anticorrosive additive. In the cold-rolled steel sheet tempered and used, the rust-preventive additive remains on the surface, and depending on the conditions of the pretreatment to be performed when electrogalvanizing the steel sheet, the rust-proofing steel The present inventors have found that the additive may be concentrated and adhered more than the initial stage, and that the uneven adhesion state of the anticorrosive additive greatly affects the non-uniform appearance of the electrogalvanizing.
[0009]
As the pretreatment for electrogalvanization, generally, treatment with an alkaline solution, rinsing, treatment with an acidic solution, and rinsing are performed in this order. In the present invention, in particular, the importance of the conditions for the treatment with an alkaline solution has been found, and the details thereof will be described below.
[0010]
The rust preventive additive derived from the above-mentioned tempering liquid affects the plating appearance even if it remains at the atomic layer level. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these uniformly during the treatment with the alkaline solution. In this case, it is particularly effective to perform electrolysis so that the polarity of the steel plate becomes the cathode. A simple immersion without electrolysis has little removal effect. In addition, when electrolysis is performed so that the polarity of the steel plate becomes an anode, the rust preventive additive may be reattached. In addition, about the alkaline solution here, NaOH, orthosilicate Na, etc. are used as usual, The density | concentration is 10-200 g / l (liter), and the temperature can use normal temperature-about 80 degreeC, for example. In addition, with respect to the current density of electrolysis, a sufficient effect can be exhibited at about 0.1 A / dm 2 or more.
[0011]
FIG. 1 can be exemplified as an apparatus for electrolyzing the polarity of a steel sheet in an alkaline solution so as to be a cathode. FIG. 1 shows a vertical electrolytic treatment apparatus, in which 1 is a power source, 2 is a steel plate, 3 is a roll, 4 is an alkaline solution, 5 is an alkaline bath, 6 is an electrode, and 7 is an energizing roll.
[0012]
As described above, cathodic electrolysis in an alkaline solution is effective, but iron and other metal ion impurities are inevitably mixed into the alkaline solution in actual operation. For this reason, only the cathode electrolysis may cause the appearance of plating to deteriorate due to adhesion and deposition of these impurity metal ions. For this reason, a more preferable embodiment of the present invention is to perform electrolysis while switching the polarity of the steel sheet in the alkaline solution to the cathode and the anode, and finally to become the cathode. Finally, by using the cathode, the uniform removal property of the rust preventive additive is enhanced. Further, a more preferable embodiment of the present invention is to switch the polarity after first cathodic electrolysis in an alkaline solution and finally become a cathode. By doing in this way, the reattachment of the anticorrosive additive to the steel plate can be minimized.
[0013]
2 and 3 can be illustrated as an apparatus for performing electrolysis while changing the polarity of the steel sheet in the alkaline solution as described above. FIG. 2 shows a horizontal electrolytic treatment apparatus, and FIG. 3 shows a vertical two-tank electrolytic treatment apparatus. In any of the figures, 1 is a power source, 2 is a steel plate, 3 is a roll, 4 is an alkaline solution, 5 is an alkaline tank, and 6 is an electrode.
[0014]
In the present invention, it is preferable to perform cleaning with a brush after the alkali treatment because a more uniform appearance can be obtained.
The acid treatment after the alkali treatment is not particularly limited and may be carried out by a commonly used method.
As for the electrogalvanizing bath, a normal Zn sulfate bath is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity. The plating bath may contain Fe, Ni, Pb, In, Sn, Ir, etc. as impurities.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
In any example, a Ti-SULC cold-rolled steel sheet that had been temper-rolled with an aqueous liquid containing 0.5% of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole was used as the original plate.
[0016]
(Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2)
The alkali treatment was carried out using a laboratory beaker type cell in a NaOH: 50 g / l, 70 ° C. bath. In Examples 1 to 3, electrolysis was performed so that the electrolytic polarity of the steel sheet was the cathode (C). The current density and time are shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 1, electrolysis was performed without electrolysis, and in Comparative Example 2, electrolysis was performed so that the electrolytic polarity of the steel sheet was the anode (A). After the alkali treatment and rinsing described above, treatment with a 100 g / l sulfuric acid solution was carried out, and after rinsing, electrogalvanization with an adhesion amount of 30 g / m 2 was performed at a current density of 100 A / dm 2 in the following bath.
ZnSO 4 · 7H 2 O: 300 g / l
Na 2 SO 4 : 60 g / l
H 2 SO 4 : 25 g / l
Ni: 150 ppm
Fe: 1 g / l
Pb: 0.1 ppm
[0017]
(Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples 3-5)
The alkali treatment was carried out in a bath of NaOH: 50 g / l and 70 ° C. using the vertical two-tank treatment apparatus shown in FIG.
In Examples 4, 5, and 7, electrolysis was performed so that the electrolytic polarity of the steel sheet was cathode (C) → anode (A) → anode (A) → cathode (C). The current density and time are shown in Table 2. In Example 6, electrolysis was performed such that the electrolytic polarity of the steel sheet was anode (A) → cathode (C) → anode (A) → cathode (C). In Comparative Example 3, the electrolysis was performed without electrolysis, and in Comparative Example 4, electrolysis was performed so that the electrolytic polarity of the steel sheet was cathode (C) → anode (A) → cathode (C) → anode (A). In Comparative Example 5, electrolysis was performed so that the electrolytic polarity of the steel sheet was anode (A) → cathode (C) → cathode (C) → anode (A). In Example 7, after the electrolytic treatment, washing with a brush scrubber was also performed.
After the alkali treatment and rinsing described above, treatment with a 100 g / l sulfuric acid solution was carried out, and after rinsing, electrogalvanization with an adhesion amount of 30 g / m 2 was performed at a current density of 100 A / dm 2 in the following bath.
ZnSO 4 · 7H 2 O: 300 g / l
Na 2 SO 4 : 60 g / l
H 2 SO 4 : 25 g / l
Ni: 150 ppm
Fe: 1 g / l
Pb: 0.1 ppm
[0018]
(Performance evaluation method)
(1) Visual appearance unevenness: The appearance after plating was visually judged and evaluated by the following judgment symbols.
◎: Uniformity ○: There is very slight unevenness that can be recognized depending on the viewing angle △: There is slight unevenness ▲ 2 ▼ Crystal uniformity: SEM observation (× 1000) of the plating surface to determine the uniformity of hexagonal Zn Evaluation was made using the following judgment symbols.
◎: Uniform ○: Some areas are slightly uneven depending on the field of view △: Somewhat uneven
The above evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
As shown in Tables 1 and 2, electrogalvanized steel sheets having good appearance were obtained in the examples of the present invention.
[0020]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an electrogalvanized steel sheet capable of obtaining a good appearance without causing minute unevenness even when electrogalvanizing is applied to a cold rolled steel sheet tempered and rolled with an aqueous liquid containing a rust inhibitor. We were able to provide a manufacturing method.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a vertical electrolytic treatment apparatus used for carrying out the present invention according to claim 1;
FIG. 2 is a horizontal electrolytic treatment apparatus used for carrying out the present invention according to
FIG. 3 is a vertical two-tank electrolytic treatment apparatus used for carrying out the present invention according to
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Power supply 2: Steel plate 3: Roll 4: Alkaline liquid 5: Alkaline tank 6: Electrode 7: Current supply roll A: Anode C: Cathode
Claims (4)
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| JP2003164432A JP2005002373A (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Method for manufacturing electrogalvanized steel sheet having superior surface appearance |
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| JP2003164432A JP2005002373A (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Method for manufacturing electrogalvanized steel sheet having superior surface appearance |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008266779A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-11-06 | Fujifilm Corp | Method and apparatus for producing conductive material |
| US7988366B2 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2011-08-02 | Ntn Corporation | Retainer for rolling bearing and rolling bearing |
| CN104831342A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Electrode device for cleaning galvanized cold rolled sheet steel |
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| JPS60138100A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Electrolytic treating device for steel strip |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7988366B2 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2011-08-02 | Ntn Corporation | Retainer for rolling bearing and rolling bearing |
| JP2008266779A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-11-06 | Fujifilm Corp | Method and apparatus for producing conductive material |
| CN104831342A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Electrode device for cleaning galvanized cold rolled sheet steel |
| CN107142515A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-09-08 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of electrode assembly for cleaning zinc-plated cold-reduced sheet |
| CN107142515B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2019-02-12 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of electrode assembly cleaning zinc-plated cold-reduced sheet |
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