JP2005000791A - Biomass system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biomass system which is constructed by a low cost with a small initial investment, improves an energy efficiency for operation by utilizing a natural heat source, and is capable of obtaining an excess amount of heat as the whole system. <P>SOLUTION: This wet type biomass system comprises a fermentation tank 13 for generating gas from a wet type biomass, a boiler 14 and an electricity generator 15 for forming electricity and heat by the gas, and a heat pump 5 driven by the electricity from the electricity generator 15. Heat of the heat pump 5 is used for sterilization of the wet type biomass in sterilization tanks 16 and 18 and heating the wet type biomass in the fermentation tank 13. For a digestion liquid 17 transferred from a digestion liquid storing tank 19, only water content is frozen with cold heat of the heat pump 5 by a freezing and concentrating means 21, and a concentrated digestion liquid is stored as a liquid fertilizer 20. It is possible to downsize the digestion liquid storing tank 19 to make a construction cost of the facilities less expensive than the conventional one. A carrying cost of the concentrated liquid fertilizer becomes moderate in price. As the whole system, the excess amount of heat is obtained and the electricity, and the like, can be sold outside. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a biomass system that can extract energy such as electricity and heat from biomass as an energy resource and supply the energy inside and outside the system, as well as processing the biomass and supplying it as a physical resource. In particular, the present invention provides a biomass system that is low in construction and operation costs and has a low environmental impact by employing a heat pump that is safe, clean, and exhibits high thermal efficiency through heat recycling for system operation and biomass processing. Is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, development of various energy sources has been attempted in order to solve energy problems and to preserve and maintain the global environment. In particular, in Japan, where most energy demand depends on imported oil, diversification of energy sources is an important national issue in terms of risk dispersion. Among them, wood resources, livestock manure, food waste, biomass such as waste from food factories (in this specification, organic resources derived from living organisms, etc.) have been treated at cost. Waste is used as an energy source, and since biomass is a solar light energy fixed as an organic matter, even if it is used as an energy source, the amount of carbon circulating in the earth's ecosystem changes. There is an advantage that the processed biomass itself may become a physical resource, and the development of its utilization technology is being actively promoted.
[0003]
Patent Document 1 below relates to the invention of a fermenter using biomass, and FIG. 9 is a block configuration diagram showing an outline of a reuse system for livestock excreta and the like to which this fermenter is applied. Called the biomass system.) In this conventional biomass system, not only the conventional purpose of producing livestock manure but only compost production is used, but it is used as an energy source to generate power and supply heat (hot water) inside and outside the facility. It aims to be used effectively.
[0004]
Livestock excreta and the like (indicated as biomass 100 in the figure) are fed into a fermenter 102 that performs methane fermentation via a sterilization tank 101. In the fermenter 102, biogas containing about 60% methane is generated in the process of methane fermentation. This gas is supplied to the generator 103 and the boiler 104 to obtain electricity and heat. Electricity covers the power in the facility and sells the surplus to the outside. Heat is waste heat of combustion exhaust gas and gas engine cooling water, which is recovered as hot water and used for heating the fermenter 102, heating the sterilization tank 101, and heating / hot water supply in facilities.
[0005]
On the other hand, the manure and the like that have been processed are discharged from the fermenter 102 as digestive fluid and passed through the digestive fluid storage tank 105 to the dehydrator 106. The solid content becomes dehydrated cake 107 and solid compost 110. The dehydrated filtrate is discharged into the river through the wastewater treatment 108. The digestive juice storage tank 105 is constructed with a capacity capable of storing a large amount of digestive juice that is not used in winter or the like as liquid fertilizer (treatment liquid after biogas generation).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
European Patent No. 0013538
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional biomass system is characterized in that the equipment is large and the construction cost is high, and this point has been regarded as a technical problem to be solved in the future.
First, according to this system, it is necessary to provide the digestive fluid storage tank 105 having a large volume. This is because the manure of livestock, which is biomass, is discharged from livestock farmers, etc. without interruption throughout the year and is transported to the facility, so liquid fertilizer obtained as a result of processing this is always produced and discharged. It is used only during the season, not in winter. Therefore, the digestive fluid storage tank 105 must have a volume that can store the liquid fertilizer when the liquid fertilizer is not used, and only stores the liquid fertilizer for about half a year especially in Hokkaido where the winter period is long. It is necessary to provide a large-volume digestive fluid storage tank 105. Reduction of the manufacturing cost is a big issue.
[0008]
Moreover, since the digestive liquid which is not utilized as liquid fertilizer cannot be made to infiltrate underground after removing solid content with a dehydrator, a waste water treatment facility must be provided to treat it as waste water. However, when a wastewater treatment facility is provided, a considerable area and facility cost are expected.
[0009]
Next, according to the conventional biomass system, the energy cost required for the operation of the facility is large.
First, according to this system, heat and electricity are generated using biogas generated in the fermenter 102 as energy, and the fermenter 102 and the sterilization tank 101 are heated with this heat. However, the heating of the fermenter 102 and the sterilization tank 101 is not sufficient only by the heat generated by the combustion of the biogas generated by this system, and it is necessary to separately consume energy from the outside.
[0010]
As explained above, the conventional biomass system has the characteristics that the initial investment amount of equipment is relatively large and the energy cost of operation is also large, and a large amount of wastewater that is not much different from the initial supply amount even though it has been treated. Is not completely consistent with the current industry needs for an energy-recycling and environmentally friendly recycling system. It was left.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and a biomass system that generates and supplies energy and physical resources from biomass is constructed at low cost with little initial investment, and a natural heat source is provided. The purpose is to increase the energy efficiency of operation and to obtain surplus heat as a whole system.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The biomass system described in claim 1 is a biomass system that generates and supplies energy from biomass by energy generating means.
At least a part of the cold and warm heat is provided with a heat pump used for at least one of driving of the energy generating means and processing of the biomass.
[0013]
The biomass system according to claim 2 is:
A boiler that generates steam by burning dry biomass;
A turbine driven by steam generated by the boiler;
A generator driven by the turbine;
Driven by electricity generated by the generator, having a heat pump whose hot and cold are used for processing the dry biomass,
It is characterized in that the amount of surplus heat can be obtained as a whole system.
[0014]
The biomass system according to claim 3 is the biomass system according to claim 2,
The treatment of the dry biomass using the heat of the heat pump is the drying of the dry biomass performed in the preceding stage of the boiler,
The treatment of the dry biomass using the cold heat of the heat pump is a freezing treatment of the dry biomass charged into the boiler.
[0015]
The biomass system according to claim 4 is:
A fermentor for fermenting wet biomass to generate digestion gas;
Energy generating means for generating energy including electricity by the digestion gas;
A heat pump that is driven by electricity generated by the energy generating means, and whose heat is used to heat the wet biomass in the fermenter, and whose cold is used to process digestive juice supplied from the fermenter. And
It is characterized in that the amount of surplus heat can be obtained as a whole system.
[0016]
The biomass system according to claim 5 is the biomass system according to claim 4,
The treatment of the wet biomass using the heat of the heat pump is sterilization of the wet biomass performed in at least one of the preceding stage or the subsequent stage of the fermenter,
The treatment of the wet biomass using the cold heat of the heat pump is freeze concentration of the digested liquid.
[0017]
The biomass system according to claim 6 is the biomass system according to claim 5, wherein the digestion liquid introduced from the fermenter is allowed to pass through and the pipeline is cooled by the cold heat of the heat pump. The digestive juice is freeze-concentrated by freeze-concentrating means having means for concentrating the digestive liquid by freezing water in the digestive liquid and pressure-feeding means for sending the concentrated digested liquid to a storage tank for liquid fertilizer. It is characterized by.
[0018]
In the biomass system of the present invention, not only heat but also electricity can be generated from biomass by the energy generating means, and the heat pump can be driven using this electricity, but the electricity that drives the heat pump is not necessarily derived from biomass. It may also be electricity supplied from outside the system. When the heat pump is driven by electricity purchased from the outside, electricity derived from biomass can be diverted to other uses in the system.
[0019]
Further, according to the biomass system of the present invention, the biomass can be processed to produce a physical resource, which can be supplied outside the system.
[0020]
Moreover, according to the biomass system of this invention, you may make it use at least one part of the cold heat and heat which a heat pump generate | occur | produces for both the drive of the said energy production | generation means, and the process of the said biomass.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(1) Basic configuration of this biomass system
The basic structure and function of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Biomass consists of woody biomass such as sawdust, forest thinned wood, wood fuel, wood pellets, grass and pruned branches, and dry biomass such as waste paper, and wet waste such as livestock manure, food waste, and waste from food factories. However, the present invention can be applied to any biomass.
[0022]
The biomass system of this example uses an energy generation means such as a fermenter that generates biogas from biomass, a boiler that burns the biogas generated in the fermentor or the biomass itself, and a generator that is driven by the boiler. And generate heat and supply it inside and outside the system.
[0023]
The energy obtained from biomass in this biomass system includes methane generated by methane fermentation of biomass, methanol and hydrogen gas produced from grass, and electricity obtained from fuel cells using fuels such as hydrogen. Is also included. Therefore, the energy generation means that is a component of the present invention includes all facilities and apparatuses that generate these various forms of energy.
[0024]
On the other hand, the biomass system of this example has a heat pump driven by electricity from the energy generating means, and bears part of the energy required for driving the energy generating means by the hot and cold generated by the heat pump. In addition, the biomass itself is processed.
[0025]
The heat pump generates heat by transferring heat, but the electricity from the energy generating means is very efficient because it is used only for heat transfer. For example, the input energy when driving the heat pump motor with this electricity is very high. The efficiency with respect to is several times higher than when an electric heater or boiler is used.
[0026]
Therefore, this biomass system combined with a heat pump can achieve an efficient circulation of heat, has a very high thermal efficiency, and can obtain a surplus heat as a whole, so that not only the energy used in the system but also the energy to the outside Can be supplied. Furthermore, the biomass after processing by the energy generating means can be supplied to the outside as a physical resource such as ash or liquid fertilizer.
[0027]
Thus, the biomass system of the present invention is essentially different from a simple biomass system that does not have a conventional heat pump in that it combines with a heat pump to achieve high thermal efficiency as a whole system.
The conventional biomass system does not have a cooling system specific to the biomass system. Even if the heat pump is simply combined with the biomass system, there is no application for the cooling heat obtained from the heat pump. In the first place, there is no point in applying a heat pump to a biomass system. That is, it is thought that the fact that there is no effective method of using cold heat in the biomass system has been an obstacle to the present invention.
However, the present invention provides an advanced idea that a heat pump is applied to a biomass system, and at least a part of the heat and cold generated by the heat pump is effectively used for energy generation and treatment of the biomass itself. Especially for applications limited to summer in the system, such as freezing treatment of biomass and liquid fertilizer production by freeze concentration using the heat of the heat pump, as specifically introduced in each of the dry or wet systems described later. Compared to the case where cold energy is used only for certain air conditioners, etc., the use of cold energy has been expanded to applications that are not limited in terms of season and applications specific to the biomass system, achieving high thermal efficiency as a whole biomass system. is there.
[0028]
(2) Dry biomass system
Next, a dry biomass system as a first example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
This biomass system has, as energy generation means, a boiler 2 that burns dry biomass 1 to generate steam, a turbine 3 that is driven by steam generated by the boiler 2, and a generator 4 that is driven by the turbine 3. have. Furthermore, it has a heat pump 5 driven by electricity generated by the generator 4. The heat pump 5 uses the heat for drying the dry biomass 1 and preheating boiler water, and the cold heat is used to freeze the dry biomass 1 (for example, freeze crushing and freeze drying) and the condensate of the turbine. Used to cool the vessel.
[0029]
In the system of this example, dry biomass 1 such as sawdust, forest thinned wood, and woody biomass fuel is supplied to a boiler 2 as energy generation means and burned, and the boiler 2 sends out heat in the form of water vapor. The turbine 3 as energy generation means is rotated by the water vapor. The rotating turbine 3 drives a generator 4 as energy generation means, and generates electricity.
[0030]
Ashes 6 are produced from the boiler 2 as physical resources of the burned dry biomass 1. The ash 6 can be used, for example, as a soil conditioner. The heat discharged from the turbine 3 in the form of hot water is used for drying (moisture adjustment) of the dry biomass 1 and makes it easy to burn the dry biomass 1 provided to the boiler 2. It is also used for the operation of various facilities such as heating and hot water supply in the facility where this system is installed. Electricity from the generator 4 is used for driving various facilities in the same facility, and is used for driving a heat pump 5 described later.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 2, the heat pump 5 has a configuration in which a compressor 7, a condenser 8, an expansion valve 9, and an evaporator 10 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 11, and the evaporator 10 is on the cold side where the heat is absorbed, The condenser 8 is on the warm side from which heat is released. The motor that drives the compressor 7 of the heat pump 5 is driven by electricity from the generator 4.
[0032]
A part of the heat supplied through the condenser 8 in the heat pump 5 is used for drying (moisture adjustment) of the dry biomass 1 to facilitate combustion of the dry biomass 1 provided to the boiler 2. The other part of the warm heat is used to generate warm water together with the heat discharged from the turbine 3, and is used for the operation of various facilities such as heating and hot water supply in the facility where the present system is installed. . Further, another part of the warm heat is also used for preheating water supplied to the boiler 2.
[0033]
A part of the cold supplied through the evaporator 10 in the heat pump 5 is used for the freezing treatment of the dry biomass 1. In this example, freeze crushing and freeze drying are performed as the freezing process. Many grasses are in a semi-dry state, and there is a problem that dust is generated during pulverization. If freeze crushing is performed using cold heat as in this example, this problem can be solved. In addition, grass has a lot of moisture and requires high cost for cutting as it is, but if it is frozen as in this example, it will easily break brittlely with a small external force, reducing the cost for grinding. Can also be obtained.
[0034]
Here, the freeze-drying will be described.
Freeze-drying is a method in which an object containing moisture is frozen, and moisture that has been frozen to become a solid (ice) is sublimated and removed as a gas (water vapor).
As a specific procedure in this example, first, as the preliminary freezing, the biomass as a target object is cooled and frozen by a cooling freezing device using the cold heat of the heat pump 5. Next, the frozen biomass is dried in a vacuum of, for example, 0.8 Torr to 0.03 Torr using a vacuum apparatus. In such a high vacuum atmosphere, the boiling point of water is −20 ° C. to −50 ° C., and water cannot exist as a liquid. Therefore, if appropriate sublimation latent heat is applied to the heating means using the heat obtained by this system, the moisture in the biomass changes (sublimates) from solid (ice) to gas (water vapor) and is removed from the solid components. Is done. The removed water vapor is discharged out of the system by an exhaust means using a cold trap provided in the vacuum apparatus.
[0035]
According to the freeze-drying of biomass carried out as described above, since it becomes porous, it can also be dried from the inside, resulting in a higher degree of dryness than normal drying, and it can be easily crushed. Can do. Furthermore, since the drying proceeds at a low temperature, the components are less likely to change, and are less susceptible to harmful changes in properties desired as biomass.
[0036]
The other part of the cold heat is used for condensing steam after driving the turbine 3. That is, cold heat is supplied to a cooling tower of a condensate system (not shown in detail) to cool the cooling water for condensing steam. The condensate is sent by a pump and is sent again from the boiler water absorption pump to the boiler 2 via a deaerator.
[0037]
According to this example, the heat pump 5 is adopted in the biomass system, and the natural heat source possessed by the region such as cold in winter and hot springs is effectively used, and a heat circulation system is constructed to effectively use heat. We are trying to save labor. Therefore, since the surplus heat amount can be obtained for the entire system, not only can the electricity and heat used in the system be covered, but also electricity and hot water can be sold outside the system.
[0038]
(3) Wet biomass system
Next, a wet biomass system as a second example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
This biomass system has, as energy generating means, a fermenter 13 that ferments wet biomass 12 to generate biogas, a boiler 14 that generates electricity and heat from the biogas, and a microturbine generator 15. . Moreover, it has the heat pump 5 driven by the electricity which the micro turbine generator 15 generates. The heat of the heat pump 5 is used for sterilizing the wet biomass 12 and heating the wet biomass 12 in the fermentation tank 13. Further, the cold heat is used for freeze concentration of the digestive juice supplied from the fermenter 13.
[0039]
In the system of this example, wet biomass 12 such as organic sludge such as livestock manure, leftovers, sludge, etc. and waste from a food factory (for example, okara from a tofu factory) is sterilized in a sterilization tank 16 before Biogas containing methane gas is generated by methane fermentation and stored in a fermenter 13 as a generating means. Biogas, which is an energy source, is supplied to a boiler 14 and a microturbine generator 15 as energy generation means, and generates heat and electricity, respectively. Heat is supplied in the form of hot water, and is used for the operation of various facilities such as heating and hot water supply in the facility where this system is installed. The electricity from the generator 15 is used for driving various facilities in the same facility, and is used for driving a heat pump 5 described later.
[0040]
The digester 17 is obtained from the fermenter 13 after the fermentation of the wet biomass 12. The digestive fluid 17 is stored in the digestive fluid storage tank 19 through the sterilization layer 18.
[0041]
The heat pump 5 of this example is the same as the first example, and the motor that drives the compressor 7 of the heat pump 5 is driven by electricity from the generator 15.
[0042]
A part of the heat supplied through the condenser 8 in the heat pump 5 is installed between the sterilization tank 16 installed in front of the fermentation tank 13, the fermentation tank 13 and the digestive juice storage tank 19. The sterilization tank 18 is used as a heat source for sterilization. The other part of the warm heat is used as a heating source for the fermenter 13, and the wet biomass 12 in the fermenter 13 is maintained at a predetermined temperature so that the fermentation is performed at a desired temperature condition.
[0043]
A part of the cold supplied through the evaporator 10 in the heat pump 5 is used for producing the liquid fertilizer 20 by freeze concentration of the digestive juice 17 stored in the digestive fluid storage tank 19. That is, the digestive fluid 17 sent from the digestive fluid storage tank 19 freezes only the moisture by the cold heat of the heat pump 5 in the freeze concentration means 21, and separates the liquid that has been condensed by freezing the moisture from the liquid fertilizer 20. As stored. This allows downsizing of the digestive fluid storage tank 19 for storing digestive fluid, and even in the winter period when the liquid fertilizer 20 is not used, the concentrated liquid fertilizer can be stored in a small-capacity storage tank, The wet biomass 12 can be processed continuously throughout the year. Moreover, since it is not necessary to install a large-capacity digestive juice storage tank for storing a large amount of digestive juice when installing this system, the initial investment cost such as the construction cost of the facility is lower than before. Furthermore, since the concentrated liquid fertilizer also reduces the transportation cost per weight, even if there is no demand at the production site where this system is installed, it can be profitable even if it is transported and sold to a place with demand. In addition, the ice obtained by freezing water with the freeze concentration means 21 can be used as a cold heat source in the present system, similarly to the cold heat of the heat pump 5.
[0044]
Also in this example, as in the first example, since the surplus heat amount can be obtained as the entire system, not only can the electricity and heat used in the system be covered, but also electricity and hot water can be sold outside the system. . Specifically, in comparison with the conventional case, when the wet biomass is processed about 60 tons per day, the surplus energy is zero for the input power (power consumption) of about 90 kW in the conventional system. In the biomass system of this example, 200 kW as the surplus cold heat source and 180 kW as the surplus heat heat source are obtained with respect to the input power of 100 kW. Here, surplus energy (surplus heat amount) refers to the remaining energy used in the system.
[0045]
Here, the basic configuration of the freeze concentration means 21 will be described.
The freeze concentration means 21 is provided with a plurality of pipelines connecting the digestive fluid storage tank 19 and the liquid fertilizer 20 storage tank to guide the digested liquid 17 from the fermenter 13 to the storage tank of the liquid fertilizer 20. The pipeline is provided with cold heat transfer means for transmitting the cold heat of the heat pump 5 so that the water in the digestive liquid 17 can be frozen by being cooled by the cold heat of the heat pump 5 so that the digestive liquid 17 can be concentrated. It is configured. The cooling heat transfer means of this example is arranged so that a piping system that exchanges heat with the evaporator 10 of the heat pump 5 is guided to the pipeline, and heat of the pipeline is transferred to the evaporator 10 to cool the pipeline. It is. It is preferable that which pipeline is cooled can be arbitrarily switched. The pipeline is also provided with heating means for separating or melting ice frozen from the inner surface of the pipe. In addition, the pipeline drains water that can be connected to the valves and pipelines provided at both ends of the pipeline as needed as a means to separate the frozen moisture (ice) from the pipe and remove it from the pipeline. It has a tube.
[0046]
A plurality of pipelines are used alternately, and when the pipeline is filled by freezing, it is switched to an unused pipeline. Due to the cold heat of the heat pump 5, the water in the digested liquid is gradually frozen and icing on the inner surface of the pipeline. Pipelines filled with ice are disconnected from the digestive fluid 17 line by closing valves provided at both ends thereof, and heat is applied to remove the ice. Alternatively, after both ends are cut off from the digestion liquid 17 line, it is connected to a moisture discharge pipe, and heat is applied to the pipeline to dissolve the ice, which is taken out as water. After removing the ice, it is restored and used again as a freezing pipeline.
[0047]
In the digestive juice 17 flowing through the pipeline, the water component is frozen and concentrated by the cold heat of the heat pump 5 or the cold heat in winter. In general, in the case of a liquid not containing an ionic substance, mass transfer to ice is reduced by slowing the freezing rate. However, since movement occurs when an ionic substance is included, electrolysis may be applied to the center of the pipeline to collect the ionic substance in the vicinity of the center of the pipeline. It is also conceivable to install a panel around the pipe to increase the thermal conductivity of the cold. Further, it may be a channel instead of a pipeline.
[0048]
FIG. 4 shows a specific example of a mechanism for forcibly flowing the concentrated liquid into the storage tank of the liquid fertilizer 20. A pump as a pumping means (not shown) is provided on the digestive juice storage tank 19 side, and the pipeline When ice 55 is formed on the inner surface 54a of 54 and the concentration is sufficiently performed, pressure is applied by a pump (not shown) as a pumping means, and the liquid fertilizer 20 is forced to flow into the storage tank side.
[0049]
Since the concentration of the digestive liquid L in the solid-liquid boundary layer is very high, the digestive liquid L (high-concentrated digested liquid) in this part is sent out by creating a flow of bubbles H with a pump as shown in FIG. By generating the forced flow J as shown in FIG. 5, liquid fertilizer other than water can be prevented from being mixed into the ice.
[0050]
A specific configuration example of the freeze concentration means 21 will be described with reference to FIGS.
As described above, when the digestive fluid does not include the electrolyte, the liquid solute is hardly taken into the icing layer in the vicinity of the pipe wall of the pipeline that is the cooling pipe. However, when the digestive fluid contains an electrolyte, the electrolyte is taken into the ice accretion layer, and freeze concentration becomes difficult. In the example shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, in order to prevent such a situation, an electric field is generated at the center of the freezing pipeline (pipe) to collect ionic substances near the center of the pipeline, and icing near the tube wall. This is an example of preventing a liquid solute from being taken into the layer.
[0051]
In FIG. 6, the freezing piping system 64, which is a freezing and concentrating pipeline, includes a piping 64 </ b> F on the digestive juice storage tank 19 side, a first branch pipe 64-11, and a second branch pipe 64-12. The branch pipe 64 </ b> D is configured so that the branch pipe 64 </ b> D runs in parallel at a short distance from the branch portion 64 </ b> Da. After parallel running for a certain distance, each of the branch pipes 64-11 and 64-12 (bent at a right angle in the figure and bent at a right angle in a U-shape) is configured to merge.
[0052]
In the U-shaped illustration, a conducting wire 68 is inserted in the center of the horizontal portion of the tube, and both ends of the horizontal portion are connected to the positive (ten) electrodes 69a and 69a in the first branch tube 64-11. The electrode is connected to electric field generating means (for example, a capacitor) 69 by a circuit 69w.
[0053]
On the other hand, the second branch pipe 64-12 is connected to negative (−) electrodes 69b and 69b, and both electrodes are connected to an electric field generating means (for example, a capacitor) 69 by a circuit 69w.
[0054]
Further, the pipe 64F on the digestive juice storage tank 19 side of the digestive juice containing the I portion of FIG. 6, that is, the branching portion 64Da, is positive (+) on the tube wall on the right side of the drawing as shown in detail in FIG. An electrode 90a is attached, and a negative (-) electrode 90b is attached to the left tube wall, and is connected to the capacitor 69 by means not shown.
[0055]
The branch point 64Da is a so-called “separator”, and is a member that is sharp and has a minimum fluid resistance due to direction change at the time of diversion.
[0056]
FIG. 8 is an arrow view of the XX section of FIG. 7 as viewed in the direction of the arrow W. The broken line in FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the electrodes 90a and 90b.
[0057]
According to the examples shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the electrolyte having negative (−) ions is formed by the positive (+) electrode 90 a provided on the right wall of the pipe 64 </ b> F on the digestive juice storage tank 19 side of the digestive juice. An electrolyte that flows into the first branch pipe 64-11 side and is charged with positive (+) ions by the negative (-) electrode 90b provided on the left wall of the pipe 64F on the digestive juice storage tank 19 side of the digestive juice. It flows into the second branch pipe 64-12 side.
[0058]
The useful electrolyte portion having the respective ions flows into the respective branch pipes, and is collected in the central portion of the pipe under the force of the electric field generated by the conductive wires 68 and the capacitors 69, flows down, and It is efficiently collected in the storage tank of liquid fertilizer 20.
[0059]
Since the electrolyte is attracted to the electric field at the center of the branch pipe in this way, it is prevented from being taken into the icing layer on the pipe wall, so that only the water contained in the digestion liquid is frozen and concentrated digestion liquid ( It will be efficiently separated from the liquid fertilizer 20).
[0060]
According to the biomass system of this example, the heat pump 5 is used, and the digestive juice is frozen and concentrated by the cold heat of the heat pump 5, so that the following effects can also be obtained.
[0061]
(1) The water in the digested liquid to be concentrated is frozen by the cold heat supplied from the heat pump 5 and is icing on the portion near the pipe wall of the freezing piping system. As a result, the water content decreases and the storage tank The concentration of the liquid fertilizer 20 stored inside increases, and it becomes possible to receive more liquid fertilizer 20 than before concentration.
[0062]
(2) For freezing the water, cold energy supplied from the heat pump 5 and cold energy supplied from outside air as needed in the winter are used, so various types of external energy (electrical energy, mechanical power, thermal energy) Compared to the conventional cooling technology that requires input, the cost required for freezing is greatly reduced.
[0063]
(3) If a plurality of freezing pipes into which the heat of the heat pump 5 is charged are arranged in parallel and the freezing process executed in each pipe is considered to be different from each other, the freezing and concentrating process of digestive juice can be batched. Instead of processing, the entire system can proceed continuously.
[0064]
(4) The digestion liquid to be concentrated and the refrigerant from the heat pump 5 are heat-exchanged between the liquid phases in a heat exchanger which is a cold heat transfer means provided in the pipeline. The efficiency is much higher than that of the heat exchange with the water, so that cold heat is efficiently input to the digested liquid to be concentrated, and water is efficiently frozen.
[0065]
(5) Since the digestive fluid contains an electrolyte, the electrolyte in the digestive fluid is sucked by the electric field by applying an electric charge to the conductor arranged in the center of the freezing pipeline to generate an electric field. As a result, the solute is prevented from being taken into the icing layer in the vicinity of the pipe wall of the pipeline.
[0066]
As described above, according to the wet biomass system of this example, the operation of the system is performed by the heat pump 5 having high thermal efficiency using the natural heat source possessed by the region, and the digestion liquid is further cooled by the natural cold in the winter or the cold heat of the heat pump 5. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the initial investment amount by reducing the size of the storage tank of the liquid fertilizer 20. Moreover, the transport cost of the liquid fertilizer 20 can be reduced. Also in this example, as with the dry biomass system, the surplus amount of heat can be obtained as a whole system, so not only the electricity and heat used in the system can be covered, but also electricity and hot water can be sold outside the system. it can.
[0067]
【The invention's effect】
According to the biomass system of claim 1, since the heat pump is used for the operation of the system, it is possible to achieve efficient circulation of the heat using the natural heat source possessed by the region, and the heat efficiency is very high. Since a surplus heat amount is obtained, not only energy used in the system but also energy can be supplied to the outside. Furthermore, the biomass after processing by the energy generating means can be supplied to the outside as a physical resource.
[0068]
According to the dry biomass system of claim 2 or 3, in addition to the above effect, the problem of dust during pulverization can be solved by using the cold heat of the heat pump for freezing treatment (freeze drying or freeze crushing) of grass. Moreover, for example, ash is obtained using biomass as a physical resource.
[0069]
According to the wet biomass system of claim 4 or 5, in addition to the above effects, the system installation cost can be reduced and concentrated by downsizing the liquid fertilizer storage tank by utilizing the cold heat of the heat pump for freeze concentration of digestive juice. Reduction of liquid fertilizer transportation cost can be achieved. Moreover, concentrated liquid fertilizer can be obtained as a physical resource of biomass, and it can be transported to a demand area at low cost for consumption.
[0070]
According to the wet biomass system of claim 6, the digestion juice is freeze-concentrated as a means for freezing and concentrating the digestion juice. If the digestive juice electrolyte is biased to the center of the pipeline by the effect of the electric field, the solute will not be taken into the icing layer near the pipe wall of the pipeline, and only moisture will be frozen. Efficient freezing and concentration of digestive juice can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block configuration diagram showing the structure and function of a dry biomass system as a first example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a mechanism of a heat pump used in the first example.
FIG. 3 is a block configuration diagram showing the structure and function of a wet biomass system as a second example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a pipeline showing an example of a mechanism for forcibly feeding and flowing concentrated digested liquid into a liquid fertilizer storage tank in the second example.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a pipeline showing another example of a mechanism for forcibly feeding and flowing concentrated digested liquid into a liquid fertilizer storage tank in the second example.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific configuration of the freeze concentration means in the second example.
7 is an enlarged view of a portion I in FIG. 6;
8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional biomass system.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Dry biomass, 2 ... Boiler as energy generation means, 3 ... Turbine as energy generation means, 4 ... Generator as energy generation means, 5 ... Heat pump, 6 ... Ash as physical resource, 12 ... Wet biomass , 13 ... Fermenter as energy generation means, 14 ... Boiler as energy generation means, 15 ... Micro turbine generator as energy generation means, 16, 18 ... Sterilization tank, 20 ... Liquid fertilizer as physical resource, 21 ... Freezing and concentrating means, 54... Freezing and concentrating means pipeline, 64. Freezing and concentrating means as a pipeline.

Claims (6)

In a biomass system that generates and supplies energy from biomass by means of energy generation,
A biomass system comprising a heat pump in which at least a part of the cold and warm heat is used for at least one of driving of the energy generating means and processing of the biomass. A boiler that generates steam by burning dry biomass;
A turbine driven by steam generated by the boiler;
A generator driven by the turbine;
Driven by electricity generated by the generator, having a heat pump whose hot and cold are used for processing the dry biomass,
A biomass system characterized in that surplus heat can be obtained as a whole system. The treatment of the dry biomass using the heat of the heat pump is the drying of the dry biomass performed in the preceding stage of the boiler,
The biomass system according to claim 2, wherein the treatment of the dry biomass using the cold heat of the heat pump is a freeze treatment of the dry biomass charged into the boiler. A fermentor for fermenting wet biomass to generate digestion gas;
Energy generating means for generating energy including electricity by the digestion gas;
A heat pump that is driven by electricity generated by the energy generating means, and whose heat is used to heat the wet biomass in the fermenter, and whose cold is used to process digestive juice supplied from the fermenter. And
A biomass system characterized in that surplus heat can be obtained as a whole system. The treatment of the wet biomass using the heat of the heat pump is sterilization of the wet biomass performed in at least one of the preceding stage or the subsequent stage of the fermenter,
The biomass system according to claim 4, wherein the treatment of the wet biomass using the cold heat of the heat pump is freeze concentration of the digested liquid. A pipeline through which the digested liquid introduced from the fermenter passes, and means for concentrating the digested liquid by freezing water in the digested liquid by cooling the pipeline with the cold heat of the heat pump; The biomass system according to claim 5, wherein the digestive juice is freeze-concentrated by freeze-concentrating means having a pressure-feeding means for sending the digested juice to a liquid fertilizer storage tank.

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