JP2005000368A - Radiation image processor, radiation image processing system, radiation imaging system, radiation imaging device, radiation image processing method, computer readable memory medium and program - Google Patents

Radiation image processor, radiation image processing system, radiation imaging system, radiation imaging device, radiation image processing method, computer readable memory medium and program Download PDF

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JP2005000368A
JP2005000368A JP2003166723A JP2003166723A JP2005000368A JP 2005000368 A JP2005000368 A JP 2005000368A JP 2003166723 A JP2003166723 A JP 2003166723A JP 2003166723 A JP2003166723 A JP 2003166723A JP 2005000368 A JP2005000368 A JP 2005000368A
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Prior art keywords
radiation
radiation image
image processing
subject
detector
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Japanese (ja)
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Osamu Tsujii
修 辻井
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate the problem as caused by the positioning of the patients for arranging the patients within the imaging area defined by the focus of the X rays and the detector and the interference between the patients and the sensor part when the patients positioned standing is turned to image. <P>SOLUTION: A radiation CT imaging device has a radiation generation source for irradiating the subject with the radiation, a rotation means for rotating the human body in the radiation and a 2D detector which detects the radiation while being arrayed in several rows in the direction of the axis of the body of the subject. The rotation of the rotation means is started almost from the side imaging position. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばX線等の放射線を利用して画像撮影を行うX線CT装置等の放射線一般を使用して被検体内の放射線特性分布を画像化する放射線撮像装置に関する。特には、コーンビームCT装置において、検出器系に対して人体を回転させる際の回転開始位置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、被検体に対してX線を曝射し、該被検体を透過或いは被検体で散乱したX線をX線検出器で検出し、このX線検出出力(X線のフォトン数)に基づいて被検体の透視画像、断層像或いは三次元画像を撮像するX線CT装置が知られている。
【0003】
かかるX線CT装置として、コーンビームCT装置が開発されている。通常のX線CT装置では、X線ビームはZ方向に薄く切り出されており、ファンビームと呼ばれるが、コーンビームCT(CBCT)では、Z方向にも広がったX線ビームを用い、このX線ビームはコーンビームと呼ばれる。
【0004】
そして、このCBCTとしては、現在のところ、従来型CT(すなわちrowが1列だけのもの)において、いわゆる第3世代型あるいはR/R型と呼ばれる方式に相当する形式が検討されている。この第3世代型CTとは、X線源と検出器のペアが被検体の周囲を回転しながらスキャン(投影データの収集)を行うものである。
【0005】
図5は、CBCT装置の一例を示すものである。同図に示すCBCT装置も、第3世代型CT装置に属するものであり、Z軸を回転軸として、X線源とともにX線検出器も被検体の周囲を回動し、一回転で関心領域のスキャンを終えるものである。
【0006】
通常のX線CT装置では、チャンネル(CH)方向にサンプリングするために検出素子がCH方向に1ライン並んでおり、個々の素子はチャンネル番号で識別される。これに対し、かかるCBCT装置では、同図に示すように、検出素子がさらにZ方向(ROW方向)にも配列されている。すなわち、コーンビームCT装置における検出器は、検出素子が直交格子状に2次元配置されて構成される。
【0007】
このようなCBCT装置によれば、検出素子をz方向(ROW方向)及びCH方向の2方向に格子状に配置して検出器を構成するとともに、放射線をZ方向にも厚みをもたせて円錐(コーン)状に曝射することによって、複数列分の投影データを一括して得ることができる。
【0008】
FPD(Flat Panel Detector)を使用したCBCT(Corn Beam CT)が提案されている。CTは、一般には人体を仰臥位(仰向けに寝かせる)状態で撮影される。しかし、検診用のCBCTにおいては、肺野が大きくなる、患者のスループットが上がる等の理由で、立位で、人体を回転させて撮影することにメリットがある場合がある。
【0009】
この様な従来技術として例えば、特開2000−70260、特開2000−210280、特開平5−95943が上げられる。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
立位で患者を回転させて撮影する場合に、患者の位置決めと、患者とセンサ部分との干渉が問題になる。患者の位置決めとは、X線焦点と検出器によって形成される撮影領域内に患者を適切に配置することにある。干渉の問題に関しては、FPDの面積を十分に大きくして患者とセンサの距離を確保すればよいが、当該FPDを胸部の単純撮影に使用する場合も考えられ、その場合はFPDが大きくなれば胸部正面を撮影する際の患者固定が難しくなり、また、センサを大きくすることはコストアップになる。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明では、患者を側面撮影状態において、位置決めを行い、回転開始位置を概略側面位置から始める技術を開示している。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の好ましい実施形態を、添付図面(図1乃至4)を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
【0013】
図1は、本発明に係わるCBCTの概略図を示す。X線焦点1から発生したX線は、コーン形状をなして2次元検出器2に到達するように設定されている。2次元検出器2は、図示しないがX線を可視光に変換する蛍光体と分解能500ミクロン、画素数860×860画素から構成される半導体検出器とで構成される。上記より検出器のサイズは、43×43cmである。
【0014】
X線焦点1から2次元検出器2までの距離(FDD)を200cmとすると、回転軸に直交する方向のX線広がり(ファン角)は12.3度、回転軸(患者の体軸)方向のX線広がり(コーン角)も12.3度となる。本発明においては、X線焦点1、2次元検出器2ともに図示しない指示機構により固定されており、X線焦点1、2次元検出器2によって形成されるコーンX線中を人体が体軸を中心に回転する。
【0015】
人体を回転させる回転テーブル5には、スキャン中に人体を固定するため胸当て3及び握り部が連結されており、これらが一体となって回転する。フルスキャンの場合の回転角度はは(360+α)度、ハーフスキャンの場合は(180+ファン角12.3+α)度である。ここでαは、回転の加速、減速に要する角度である。
【0016】
図2に撮影の幾何学系を示す。成人男子の肩幅は、統計によると95%が50cm以下であることがわかっている。つまり、大多数の成人男子を撮影するには、テーブルの回転中心から2次元検出器2の表面までを25cm隔てる必要がある。上記の条件のあてはめると、X線焦点1から撮影領域中心までは、175cm、再構成領域4は36cmΦとなる。
【0017】
成人男子の乳頭の高さでの腋幅は、統計的によると95%が33cm以下である。つまり、大多数の成人男子の肺野は撮影領域36cmΦ内に収まる。しかし、肩幅まで含めると50cm以下であるので、撮影領域36cmΦからはみ出すことになる。原理的に、CT撮影においては、撮影対象は撮影領域に完全に収まることが要求されるので、上記のような場合には再構成画像に偽像が発生することが予想される。しかし、発生した偽像が病気診断に対して障害となるもであるか否かは、一概には決めることが出来ない。医者が偽像を考慮に入れて診断をすることができる場合もあるからである。
【0018】
図2の実施例において、患者の肩幅が50cm以下であれば、回転テーブル5の回転によって患者が2次元検出器2に接触することはない。しかし、接触の可能性を正確に知るために、撮影技師が患者の肩幅を撮影前に計測することは煩わしいと考えられる。撮影のスループットが落ちるからである。
【0019】
そこで、人体が概略左右対称であることを利用し、図3に示すように、撮影前において患者を側面状態に整位すれば、患者と2次元検出器2との接触を、回転テーブル5を回転させずに知ることが可能になる。図3は、開始位置からフルスキャンによってデータが収集される様子を表している。患者の頭方向から見て、時計方向に助走が開始され回転が所定の回転スピードに到達するとX線が曝射されデータ収集が開始される。360度分のデータ収集が完了すると、X線曝射は停止されて、回転テーブル5は減速して停止する。
【0020】
図4にハーフスキャンの場合の患者回転の様子を示す。図3と同様に患者は側面で整位される。回転テーブル5の回転速度が安定するまでの助走時間経過後にX線の曝射が開始されてデータ収集が行われる。ハーフスキャンにおいては、(180度+ファン角12.3度)のデータ収集が完了して、X線に曝射が停止されて、回転テーブル5は減速し停止する。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、回転開始位置を側面状態ととすることにより患者とセンサの干渉を模擬回転など必要とせずに事前に知ることが可能になり、これによりセンササイズを好適に小型化できる。
【0022】
側面で整位することのメリットは、上記のほかに患者の断面が概略中央に設置することが容易である点にもある。患者によって体の厚みがことなるので、図1に示すように胸当て3に固定して撮影する場合は、胸当て3を前後することによって患者を前後に移動して、患者の断面が撮影領域に好適に入るように設置することが可能にある。正面位置で整位する場合には、体の厚みによって被写体位置を調整することが困難であったからである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1の概略図
【図2】実施例1のX線幾何学系
【図3】フルスキャンにおけるテーブル回転
【図4】ハーフスキャンにおけるテーブル回転
【図5】従来のCBCTの概念図
【符号の説明】
1 X線焦点
2 2次元検出器
3 胸当て
4 再構成領域
5 回転テーブル
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a radiation imaging apparatus for imaging a radiation characteristic distribution in a subject using radiation in general, such as an X-ray CT apparatus that performs image capturing using radiation such as X-rays. In particular, the present invention relates to a rotation start position when rotating a human body with respect to a detector system in a cone beam CT apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, X-rays are exposed to a subject, X-rays transmitted through the subject or scattered by the subject are detected by an X-ray detector, and based on this X-ray detection output (number of photons of X-rays) An X-ray CT apparatus that captures a fluoroscopic image, a tomographic image, or a three-dimensional image of a subject is known.
[0003]
As such an X-ray CT apparatus, a cone beam CT apparatus has been developed. In a normal X-ray CT apparatus, the X-ray beam is cut out thinly in the Z direction, which is called a fan beam, but cone beam CT (CBCT) uses an X-ray beam that also spreads in the Z direction. The beam is called a cone beam.
[0004]
As the CBCT, at present, a format corresponding to a so-called third generation type or R / R type method in a conventional CT (that is, a row having only one row) is being studied. In the third generation CT, a pair of X-ray source and detector performs scanning (collection of projection data) while rotating around the subject.
[0005]
FIG. 5 shows an example of a CBCT apparatus. The CBCT apparatus shown in the figure also belongs to the third generation CT apparatus. The X-ray detector and the X-ray detector rotate around the subject around the Z axis as the rotation axis, and the region of interest can be rotated once. This is the end of the scan.
[0006]
In a normal X-ray CT apparatus, in order to sample in the channel (CH) direction, one line of detection elements is arranged in the CH direction, and each element is identified by a channel number. On the other hand, in this CBCT apparatus, as shown in the figure, the detection elements are further arranged in the Z direction (ROW direction). That is, the detector in the cone beam CT apparatus is configured by two-dimensionally arranging detection elements in an orthogonal lattice shape.
[0007]
According to such a CBCT apparatus, detectors are configured by arranging detector elements in two directions of the z direction (ROW direction) and the CH direction to form a detector, and radiation is provided with a thickness in the Z direction as well as a cone ( By projecting in a cone shape, projection data for a plurality of rows can be obtained collectively.
[0008]
CBCT (Corn Beam CT) using FPD (Flat Panel Detector) has been proposed. CT is generally taken in a state where the human body is in a supine position (lie on its back). However, in CBCT for medical examination, there are cases where there is a merit in photographing while rotating the human body in a standing position, for example, because the lung field is enlarged and the throughput of the patient is increased.
[0009]
For example, JP-A-2000-70260, JP-A-2000-21280, and JP-A-5-95943 can be cited as such conventional techniques.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When taking a picture while rotating the patient in a standing position, the positioning of the patient and the interference between the patient and the sensor part become problems. The positioning of the patient means to appropriately arrange the patient in an imaging region formed by the X-ray focal point and the detector. Regarding the problem of interference, the FPD area may be sufficiently increased to ensure the distance between the patient and the sensor. However, the FPD may be used for simple imaging of the chest, in which case the FPD increases. It is difficult to fix the patient when photographing the front of the chest, and increasing the size of the sensor increases the cost.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present invention discloses a technique in which the patient is positioned in the side photographing state and the rotation start position is started from the approximate side position.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings (FIGS. 1 to 4).
[0013]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a CBCT according to the present invention. X-rays generated from the X-ray focal point 1 are set so as to reach the two-dimensional detector 2 in a cone shape. Although not shown, the two-dimensional detector 2 includes a phosphor that converts X-rays into visible light, and a semiconductor detector having a resolution of 500 microns and a pixel number of 860 × 860 pixels. From the above, the size of the detector is 43 × 43 cm.
[0014]
If the distance (FDD) from the X-ray focal point 1 to the two-dimensional detector 2 is 200 cm, the X-ray spread (fan angle) in the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis is 12.3 degrees, and the rotation axis (patient body axis) direction X-ray spread (cone angle) is 12.3 degrees. In the present invention, both the X-ray focal point 1 and the two-dimensional detector 2 are fixed by an instruction mechanism (not shown), and the human body moves the body axis in the cone X-ray formed by the X-ray focal point 1, 2D detector 2. Rotate to center.
[0015]
The rotary table 5 for rotating the human body is connected to a breast pad 3 and a grip for fixing the human body during scanning, and these rotate together. The rotation angle in the case of full scan is (360 + α) degrees, and in the case of half scan, it is (180 + fan angle 12.3 + α) degrees. Here, α is an angle required for acceleration and deceleration of rotation.
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows an imaging geometric system. According to statistics, the shoulder width of adult boys is found to be 50 cm or less. That is, in order to photograph a large number of adult boys, it is necessary to separate 25 cm from the center of rotation of the table to the surface of the two-dimensional detector 2. When the above conditions are applied, the distance from the X-ray focal point 1 to the center of the imaging area is 175 cm, and the reconstruction area 4 is 36 cmΦ.
[0017]
According to statistical statistics, 95% of adult male nipple height is 33 cm or less. That is, the lung field of the majority of adult men falls within the imaging area 36 cmΦ. However, if the shoulder width is included, it is 50 cm or less, so that it protrudes from the imaging region 36 cmΦ. In principle, in CT imaging, since the imaging target is required to be completely within the imaging area, a false image is expected to occur in the reconstructed image in the above case. However, it cannot be generally determined whether the generated false image is an obstacle to illness diagnosis. This is because a doctor may be able to make a diagnosis in consideration of a false image.
[0018]
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, if the shoulder width of the patient is 50 cm or less, the patient does not contact the two-dimensional detector 2 due to the rotation of the rotary table 5. However, in order to know the possibility of contact accurately, it is considered troublesome for the imaging technician to measure the shoulder width of the patient before imaging. This is because the shooting throughput decreases.
[0019]
Therefore, by utilizing the fact that the human body is substantially symmetric, as shown in FIG. 3, if the patient is aligned to the side surface state before imaging, the contact between the patient and the two-dimensional detector 2 is changed to the rotary table 5. It becomes possible to know without rotating. FIG. 3 shows how data is collected from the start position by a full scan. When viewed from the patient's head direction, the run-up is started in the clockwise direction, and when the rotation reaches a predetermined rotation speed, X-rays are emitted and data collection is started. When the data collection for 360 degrees is completed, the X-ray exposure is stopped, and the rotary table 5 is decelerated and stopped.
[0020]
FIG. 4 shows the state of patient rotation in the case of half scan. As in FIG. 3, the patient is positioned laterally. After the run-up time until the rotation speed of the turntable 5 is stabilized, X-ray exposure is started and data collection is performed. In the half scan, data collection of (180 degrees + fan angle 12.3 degrees) is completed, exposure to X-rays is stopped, and the rotary table 5 is decelerated and stopped.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by setting the rotation start position to the side surface state, it becomes possible to know in advance the interference between the patient and the sensor without the need for simulated rotation, etc. Can be downsized.
[0022]
In addition to the above, the merit of positioning on the side surface is that it is easy to install the patient's cross section at the approximate center. Since the thickness of the body varies depending on the patient, as shown in FIG. 1, when photographing with the breast pad 3 fixed, the patient is moved back and forth by moving the breast pad 3 back and forth, so that the cross section of the patient is suitable for the imaging region. It is possible to install so that it enters. This is because, when positioning at the front position, it is difficult to adjust the subject position depending on the thickness of the body.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Example 1. FIG. 2 is an X-ray geometric system of Example 1. FIG. 3 is a table rotation in a full scan. FIG. 4 is a table rotation in a half scan. Figure [Explanation of symbols]
1 X-ray focal point 2 Two-dimensional detector 3 Chest rest 4 Reconstruction area 5 Rotary table

Claims (2)

被検体に放射線を曝射する放射線発生源と、前記放射線中で人体を回転させる回転手段と、前記放射線を検出し且つ被写体の体軸方向に複数列有する2次元検出器とを有する放射線CT撮影装置において、前記回転手段の回転開始が、概略側面撮影状態から開始されることを特徴とする。Radiation CT imaging having a radiation source for exposing a subject to radiation, a rotating means for rotating a human body in the radiation, and a two-dimensional detector for detecting the radiation and having a plurality of rows in the body axis direction of the subject The apparatus is characterized in that the rotation of the rotating means is started from a substantially side photographing state. 被検体に放射線を曝射する放射線発生源と、前記放射線中で人体を回転させる回転手段と、前記放射線を検出し且つ被写体の体軸方向に複数列有する2次元検出器とを有する放射線CT撮影装置において、前記回転手段に接続され前記被写体を固定するための背当てあるいは胸当てを有し、前記被検体の概略側面状態において前記背当てあるいは胸当てを調整可能とすることを特徴とする。Radiation CT imaging having a radiation source for exposing a subject to radiation, a rotating means for rotating a human body in the radiation, and a two-dimensional detector for detecting the radiation and having a plurality of rows in the body axis direction of the subject The apparatus includes a backrest or a chest rest connected to the rotating means for fixing the subject, and the backrest or the breast rest can be adjusted in a substantially lateral state of the subject.
JP2003166723A 2003-06-11 2003-06-11 Radiation image processor, radiation image processing system, radiation imaging system, radiation imaging device, radiation image processing method, computer readable memory medium and program Withdrawn JP2005000368A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007021184A (en) * 2005-06-14 2007-02-01 Canon Inc Radiographic imaging apparatus, control method thereof, and radiographic imaging system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007021184A (en) * 2005-06-14 2007-02-01 Canon Inc Radiographic imaging apparatus, control method thereof, and radiographic imaging system

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