JP2004536905A - Non-halogenated metal conditioners and extreme pressure lubricants - Google Patents

Non-halogenated metal conditioners and extreme pressure lubricants Download PDF

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JP2004536905A
JP2004536905A JP2003501792A JP2003501792A JP2004536905A JP 2004536905 A JP2004536905 A JP 2004536905A JP 2003501792 A JP2003501792 A JP 2003501792A JP 2003501792 A JP2003501792 A JP 2003501792A JP 2004536905 A JP2004536905 A JP 2004536905A
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extreme pressure
percent
bismuth
halogenated metal
compound
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JP2004536905A5 (en
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スチュワート，チャールズ，エル
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オムニテック インコーポレーテッド
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
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    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

一般的な機械さらには空調設備、冷蔵庫、及びヒートポンプの冷却剤における利用のための極圧潤滑剤として使用するための組成物が開示されている。該組成物は機械の可動部を潤滑するようにもくろまれている。その広義の特徴において、本発明は潤滑油及びビスマス化合物を含有する金属コンディショナーを有する。別の実施形態では、潤滑油、ビスマス化合物、及びモリブデン化合物が含まれる。潤滑化合物は冷却剤ガスに添加できる。Compositions are disclosed for use as extreme pressure lubricants for use in refrigerants of general machinery as well as air conditioning equipment, refrigerators, and heat pumps. The composition is designed to lubricate the moving parts of the machine. In its broader aspects, the present invention comprises a metal conditioner containing a lubricating oil and a bismuth compound. In another embodiment, a lubricating oil, a bismuth compound, and a molybdenum compound are included. Lubricating compounds can be added to the coolant gas.

Description

【技術分野】
【０００１】
ここに開示されている発明は、極圧潤滑の分野に適用可能性がある。この種の潤滑を必要とする分野の例は、機械一般及び、潤滑剤を圧縮機システムタンク及び支承面等で循環するために加えるような特に及び空調システム、ヒートポンプ、及び圧縮機である。
【背景技術】
【０００２】
潤滑及び／または調整システム、特に冷凍及び空調システムに対しては、金属表面を潤滑することが産業上要求されている。潤滑システムとしては、水素と結合し、それぞれ塩酸、硫酸、及びフッ酸を生成する可能性がある塩素、硫黄分、及びフッ素を含んでいないことが望ましい。
【０００３】
特殊潤滑の分野では、硫黄分、塩素、フッ素、鉛等の活性元素が極圧（EP）特性、耐摩耗、摩擦防止特性を付与するために使用されてきた。環境に対する関心が高まっている現在では、これらの種類の元素の使用は、それらの潤滑性能を高めるという性能とは関係なく、危険廃棄物の流出に拍車をかけ、産業利用の場合、生産コストを増加させる。
【０００４】
化学物質の分解により成分がバラバラとなり、硫酸、塩酸等のような腐食性を有する他の化合物を生成する可能性がある。
【従来技術となる米国特許】
【０００５】
Wilkinsら（第4,963,280号）は、ヒートポンプ、冷凍装置、空調及び加熱装置の効率を高める成分を教示している。この特許権者は、高電子密度の領域及び低電子密度の別領域を有する分子上の領域を実現するのに十分な極性基を含有する有機化合物として定められる極性有機化合物を採用してこれを行う。好ましい極性化合物は液体ハロゲン化αオレフィン及び液体ハロゲン化パラフィンである。
【０００６】
Karolら（第5,576,273号）は、良好な極圧特性を有し、潤滑組成物で有用とするためにジチオカルバミン酸塩と有機ビスマス化合物の相乗作用的混合物を示している。
【０００７】
Karolら（第5,631,241号）は、極圧添加物として使用するためのビスマスジチオカルバミン酸塩の調製を教示している。
【０００８】
Sgarbiら（第6,276,147号）は、ジチオカルバミン酸塩及びカルシウム塩を含有する空調設備及び冷却のための極性溶液を教示している。
【０００９】
Sgarbiら（第6,286,323号）は、極性化合物、ジチオカルバミン酸塩、ベータオレフィン（請求項1を参照）、及び他の補助的な成分を含有する、空調装置及び冷凍システムを改善するための組成物を教示している。
【００１０】
Roberts（第6,110,877号）は、中でも、ビスマス化合物及びポリアルファオレフィン（例えば、l-デセン ホモポリマー）を含有する極圧潤滑剤組成物を示している。
【００１１】
Rowanら（第4,889,647号）は、潤滑油で有用なモリブデン化合物を記載している。
【発明の開示】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
【００１２】
本発明の主要な目的は、冷凍システムの凝縮器及び蒸発器のコイルの中の伝熱を大幅に改善する、活性化し、極性が与えられた潤滑油添加剤及び極圧潤滑油を提供することである。
【００１３】
本発明の付加的な目的は、冷蔵庫、冷却装置、冷凍庫、ヒートポンプ及び空調設備の圧縮機内の極圧潤滑油として効率的に機能する潤滑油を産み出すことである。
【００１４】
本発明の重要な目的は、極化剤としてハロゲンまたは硫黄分を含有しない、活性化し、極性が与えられた潤滑油添加剤及び極圧潤滑油を提供することである。
【００１５】
さらなる目的は、環境に優しい極圧潤滑油を産み出すことである。
【００１６】
本発明の主たる目的は、圧縮機システムの金属表面を効率的に潤滑する極圧潤滑油を産み出すことである。
【００１７】
本発明の重要な目的は、極化剤としてハロゲンまたは硫黄分を含有しない、冷却剤用の極圧潤滑油を提供することである。
【００１８】
本発明の重大な目的は、適切に使用されると、エネルギーの使用を減少させ、金属対金属接触の潤滑性を高め、効率を上げる組成物を産み出すことである。
【００１９】
本発明のこれらの目的及び他の目的は、以下の明細書を読むことから明らかになるだろう。
【課題を解決するための手段】
【００２０】
本発明の極性を与えられた添加物、金属コンディショナー、及び極圧潤滑剤の成分の特定及び／または出所は以下のとおりである。

Figure 2004536905
【００２１】
オレフィン混合物は、商標名Ethyl Flo 166、Durasyn 166、またはSynfluid PAO6（シェブロン−フィリップス社（Chevron-Phillips Co.）のポリアルファオレフィンとして入手できる。
【００２２】
効き目のあるビスマスカルボン酸塩の例はネオカプリン酸ビスマス（CAS:34364-26-75）、2エチルヘキサン酸ビスマス、及びナフテン酸ビスマスまたはこれらのビスマス化合物の混合物であり、オハイオ州クリーブランド（Cleveland、Ohio）のOMGTMまたはコネチカット州、ノーウォーク（Norwalk、CT）のR.T.VanderbiltTMから入手できる。
【００２３】
ポリアルファオレフィンはEthylTM社によって供給される水素化合成による炭化水素系の流体であり、CAS:68037-01-4というCASレジストリ番号を有している。
【００２４】
Amoco TMは1デセン水素化ホモポリマーを供給し、CAS番号第88037-01-4号を有している。
【００２５】
脂肪酸系のオイルの例は、インディアナ州、ハモンド（Hammond、Indiana）のフェロ社（Ferro Corporation）から入手できるCAS：68082-78-0、methyl lardateと同義,、である。
【００２６】
C5-C10の脂肪酸のペントエリスリトールエステルの例は、CAS：68424-31-7である。
【００２７】
モリブデン化合物は、名称Molyvan 855でR.T.VanderbiltTMから入手できる。
【００２８】
カルボン酸ビスマスを含むジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸エステルは、名称OD-9413でR.T.VanderbiltTMから入手できる。
【００２９】
エポキシ化トリグリセリドは、Plas-Check 755TMとしてFerroTMから入手できる。
【００３０】
本発明の潤滑剤及び金属コンディショナーで使用される活性成分のさらなる例は、米国特許第6,110,877号に記載され、ビスマスカルボン酸塩は米国特許第5,576,273号に記載されている。
【００３１】
潤滑剤金属コンディショナーが添加される冷却剤ガスの例は、CFC、HCFC及びHFC:（C=炭素、F=フッ素、H＝水素）である。冷却剤ガスは従来のものであり、特定な例はフルオロプロパン及びフルオロブタンである。さらに、本発明は、メタン系列、エタン系列、及びプロパン系列、アンモニア、二酸化硫黄、及び二酸化炭素ガスだけではなく、フレオン（Freone）系列の冷却剤及びそれらのアップデートされた代替物とも互換性がある。
【発明の簡単な概要】
【００３２】
その広義な特徴において、ここに開示されている発明は、冷却剤オイルリザーバーまたは冷却装置、クーラー、冷凍プラント、空調設備、冷蔵庫及びヒートポンプなどの冷却システムの冷却剤ガスへの有効量のビスマス化合物の導入を目的としている。一般的に、ビスマス化合物は冷却剤ガスまたはオイルに潤滑剤とともに添加される。好ましい実施形態においては、ビスマス化合物は潤滑油または冷却剤オイルの約5パーセントから10パーセントで存在するであろうが、最適有効量は当業者により決定できるであろう。極性を与えられた潤滑油及びビスマス化合物の冷却剤ガスへの添加が金属対金属の潤滑性を高め、エネルギー消費を引き下げ、毒性がない、極性を与えられたビスマス化合物利用の冷却装置の全体的効率の向上をもたらすことが予期される。潤滑組成物を含有するビスマスは、冷却装置で使用される圧縮機の寿命を引き伸ばすことを意図したものである。
【００３３】
染料トレーサー(dye tracers)及び／または殺菌剤が潤滑剤組成物を含有するビスマスに添加されてもよいことが予想される。
【００３４】
広義に考えると、冷却剤ガスの中で有用な、ここに開示されている非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤は以下を有効量で含む。
潤滑剤、
ビスマスカルボン酸塩の極性が与えられた極圧添加剤、
ジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸アンチモニー耐摩耗添加剤、
粘性向上剤、
及びモリブデン化合物摩擦防止添加剤、
任意により、冷却装置の圧縮機ガスの中でカルボン酸ビスマスを含むジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸エステル、及び／または酸スカベンジャー／安定剤を共用。
【００３５】
潤滑剤は以下を含んでよい。
ポリアルファオレフィン系オイル、
メチルエステル系オイル、
脂肪酸エステル系オイル
【００３６】
ここに開示されている潤滑剤組成物は、金属表面の調整または潤滑で使用するための非ハロゲン化（塩素、フッ素、臭素、ヨウ素、またはアスタチンを含まない）金属コンディショナー／極圧潤滑剤添加剤システムに向けられたものである。この調合は、それが、ハロゲン族の化学元素、特に水素と結合し、それぞれきわめて望ましくない（腐食性の）塩酸及びフッ化水素酸を形成することが知られている、塩素やフッ素などを含んでいないという点で独特なものである。本発明の応用例は、消費者、産業、商業、軍事及び連邦のセクタの冷凍及び空調装置、冷却装置とヒートポンプ、及び圧縮機における、極性が与えられた冷却剤添加剤オイル(Polarized Refrigerant Additive Oil)（PROA）としての使用を含むが、それに制限されない。PROAとしてこの添加剤システムを使用することにより、（1）蒸発器及び凝縮コイル内での伝熱は大幅に改善され、（2）潤滑剤オイルの潤滑性は高まり、圧縮機の動作及び効率が大幅に高められる。添加剤システムは、装置の設計に適したように、潤滑剤オイルリザーバーまたは冷却剤の流れの中に混合される。極性が与えられた冷却剤オイル及び潤滑剤添加剤として使用されるとき、本発明の組成物は主潤滑剤とともに運ばれ、システム全体を移動する。配合の極性は、負に帯電された添加剤分子と金属表面の正の電荷の間で起こる共有分子結合に関係する。それぞれの分子がそれ自体をシステムの中の金属表面に付着させるにつれ、それはこれらの表面を調整し、ほこり、炭素沈積物（コーキング）、及潤滑油層と取って代り、最終的に添加システムの薄い1分子厚さの層を形成する。これは、冷凍／空調設備の熱交換システム内における効率的な熱伝導のために最適な状況を実現する。さらに、極性の（分子結合）極圧潤滑剤として、それは冷凍装置の可動部に対して大幅に高められた潤滑を実現する。
【００３７】
潤滑システムは、ポリアルファオレフィン系オイル、メチルエステル系オイル、脂肪酸エステル系オイル（個別でまたは混合物として）、ビスマスカルボン酸塩の極性が与えられた極圧電荷物、粘性向上剤、モリブデン摩擦防止添加剤、及び任意で追加のビスマス化合物添加剤、及び／または酸スカベンジャ−／安定剤を組み合わせて含んでよい。一実施形態においては、作用中、潤滑剤添加剤システムは、重量で少量存在しており、主潤滑オイルまたは冷却剤は大量に存在している。好適実施形態においては、カルボン酸ビスマスは、ネオカプリン酸ビスマス、2エチルヘキサン酸ビスマス、ナフテン酸ビスマス及びその混合物からなるグループから選択される。ポリアルファオレフィンベースのオイルは、前記添加剤システムの約20から40パーセントであり、好ましくは添加剤システムの約28パーセントから38パーセントである。メチルエステル基のオイルは添加剤システムの約15から35パーセントであり、好ましくは前記システムの約24から33パーセントである。脂肪酸エステル基のオイルは前記添加剤システムの約1から10パーセントで、好ましくは添加剤システムの約2から5パーセントである。カルボン酸ビスマスは約20から40パーセントの範囲で存在し、好ましくは約23から32パーセントである。約1から8パーセントのオレフィン混合物が粘性向上剤としてシステムに利用され、好ましくはエチレンとプロピレンのコポリマーとして添加剤システムの約3から5パーセントの量である。モリブデン化合物はシステムの約0.1から8パーセント導入されてよい。任意で、追加のビスマス化合物は、システムの約0.1から8パーセント導入されてよい。任意で１から３％のエポキシ化トリグリセリドが、酸スカベンジャ−及び／または安定剤としてがシステムで利用されてよい。
【００３８】
潤滑剤組成物が、空調設備、冷蔵庫またはヒートポンプの部品に悪影響を及ぼすであろう塩素化合物または硫黄化合物を含有していないことに特に注目されたい。
【発明を実施するための最良の形態】
【００３９】
本発明の好適な実施形態においては、例えば、空調設備、冷蔵庫及びヒートポンプの圧縮機の冷却剤にほぼ以下の割合で以下の組成物が添加される。
成分 パーセント
ポリアルファオレフィン系オイル 32.58
メチルエステル系オイル 28.00
脂肪酸エステル系オイル 3.06
カルボン酸ビスマス 27.00
粘性向上剤 4.00
（ParatoneTM 8232）
【００４０】
本好適実施形態に対して、任意の代替成分を、特に産業、用途または顧客に製品を合わせるために添加できる。例えば、エポキシ化トリグリセリドを1−2パーセント添加できる。使用が考えられる別の成分は、例えばイオン銀のような抗微生物殺生剤である。
【００４１】
本発明の特殊な実施形態は、蛍光トレーサー染料などのトレーサー染料の、冷却装置の冷却剤に供給される潤滑剤への添加を含む。
【００４２】
本発明を空調設備、冷蔵庫、またはヒートポンプについて説明したが、本発明は冷却剤ガスを含む類似した装置をカバーすることを意図したものである。
【００４３】
本発明の的確な実施形態は、圧縮機用の潤滑組成物だけではなく潤滑ギヤボックス用の潤滑組成物も含む。広義に考えると、この的確な組成物は、例えば以下のように、有効量のビスマス化合物、モリブデン化合物及び潤滑油を有する。
成分 パーセント
潤滑油 40 - 70
ビスマス化合物 20 - 40
モリブデン化合物 1 - 20
【００４４】
さらに、この組成物には1から2%の範囲で亜鉛化合物を添加できる。アンチモン化合物を1から10%の範囲で添加してよい。この組成物は冷却剤ガスにも添加でき、漏れを検出するためにトレーサーを加えても良い。抗菌剤を防腐剤として添加してもよい。この後者の場合には、抗菌剤を含有する銀が好ましい。32から68のSAE同等番号を有する粘性向上剤はこの組成物にとって効き目のある添加剤であろう。
【００４５】
コンディショナー−潤滑成分の特定の好適実施形態は以下を含む。
成分 パーセント
ビスマス化合物 30
モリブデン化合物 6
潤滑油 64
【００４６】
Rowanら（第4,889,647号）は、ここに開示されている発明で有用なモリブデン化合物の例であり、これらを示すために参照によって導入されている。
【００４７】
ここに述べられた成分の量は例示的なものであり、当業者によって容易に理解されるようにいくぶん変えることができる。成分の有効量も該当業者によって決定できるであろう。
【００４８】
一般的には、あらゆる種類の潤滑剤または潤滑油が適している。潤滑剤及び潤滑油の用語は互換的に用いられる。
【００４９】
言うまでもなく、本発明の基本的な精神を逸脱することなく多くの変形をなすことができる。したがって、添付の特許請求の範囲の範囲内において、本発明を特にここに説明された以外で実施できることが当業者に理解されるであろう。【Technical field】
[0001]
The invention disclosed herein has applicability in the field of extreme pressure lubrication. Examples of fields requiring this type of lubrication are the general machinery and especially such as air conditioning systems, heat pumps, and compressors where lubricants are added for circulation in compressor system tanks and bearing surfaces and the like.
[Background Art]
[0002]
For lubrication and / or conditioning systems, especially refrigeration and air conditioning systems, there is an industrial need to lubricate metal surfaces. It is desirable that the lubrication system be free of chlorine, sulfur, and fluorine that can combine with hydrogen to produce hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrofluoric acid, respectively.
[0003]
In the field of special lubrication, active elements such as sulfur, chlorine, fluorine and lead have been used to impart extreme pressure (EP) properties, wear resistance and anti-friction properties. Nowadays, with increasing concern for the environment, the use of these types of elements, regardless of their ability to enhance their lubricating performance, has spurred hazardous waste spills and reduced production costs in industrial applications. increase.
[0004]
Decomposition of chemicals may cause the components to fall apart, producing other corrosive compounds such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and the like.
[Prior Art US Patent]
[0005]
(No. 4,963,280) teach components that increase the efficiency of heat pumps, refrigeration systems, air conditioning and heating systems. The patentee employs a polar organic compound, defined as an organic compound containing a polar group sufficient to realize a region on the molecule having a region of high electron density and another region of low electron density, and Do. Preferred polar compounds are liquid halogenated alpha olefins and liquid halogenated paraffins.
[0006]
Karol et al. (No. 5,576,273) show a synergistic mixture of a dithiocarbamate and an organic bismuth compound to have good extreme pressure properties and to be useful in lubricating compositions.
[0007]
Karol et al. (No. 5,631,241) teaches the preparation of bismuth dithiocarbamate for use as an extreme pressure additive.
[0008]
Sgarbi et al. (No. 6,276,147) teach air conditioning and polar solutions for cooling containing dithiocarbamates and calcium salts.
[0009]
(No. 6,286,323) describe a composition for improving air conditioning and refrigeration systems containing polar compounds, dithiocarbamates, beta olefins (see claim 1), and other auxiliary components. Teaching.
[0010]
Roberts (No. 6,110,877) discloses an extreme pressure lubricant composition containing, inter alia, a bismuth compound and a polyalphaolefin (eg, 1-decene homopolymer).
[0011]
Rowan et al. (No. 4,889,647) describe molybdenum compounds useful in lubricating oils.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
[0012]
A primary object of the present invention is to provide an activated, polarized lubricating oil additive and extreme pressure lubricating oil that significantly improves heat transfer in condenser and evaporator coils of a refrigeration system. It is.
[0013]
An additional object of the present invention is to produce a lubricating oil that efficiently functions as an extreme pressure lubricating oil in compressors of refrigerators, refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning equipment.
[0014]
An important object of the present invention is to provide an activated, polarized lubricating oil additive and extreme pressure lubricating oil that do not contain halogen or sulfur as a poling agent.
[0015]
A further objective is to produce environmentally friendly extreme pressure lubricants.
[0016]
A primary objective of the present invention is to produce extreme pressure lubricating oils that efficiently lubricate metal surfaces of compressor systems.
[0017]
An important object of the present invention is to provide an extreme pressure lubricating oil for a coolant that does not contain halogen or sulfur as a polarizer.
[0018]
A significant object of the present invention is to produce compositions that, when used properly, reduce energy use, increase the lubricity of metal-to-metal contacts, and increase efficiency.
[0019]
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent from reading the following specification.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0020]
The identification and / or source of the components of the polarized additives, metal conditioners, and extreme pressure lubricants of the present invention are as follows.
Figure 2004536905
[0021]
The olefin mixture is available as Ethyl Flo 166, Durasyn 166, or Synfluid PAO6 (Chevron-Phillips Co.) polyalphaolefin.
[0022]
Examples of effective bismuth carboxylate salts are bismuth neocaprate (CAS: 34364-26-75), bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate, and bismuth naphthenate or mixtures of these bismuth compounds, Cleveland, Ohio. OMG ™ or RTVanderbilt ™ , Norwalk, CT.
[0023]
Polyalphaolefin is a hydrosynthetic hydrocarbon-based fluid supplied by Ethyl ™ and has a CAS registry number of CAS: 68037-01-4.
[0024]
Amoco ™ supplies a 1-decene hydrogenated homopolymer and has CAS No. 88037-01-4.
[0025]
An example of a fatty acid-based oil is CAS: 68082-78-0, synonymous with methyl lardate, available from Ferro Corporation of Hammond, Indiana.
[0026]
Examples of pent erythritol esters of fatty acids of C 5 -C 10 is, CAS: is 68424-31-7.
[0027]
Molybdenum compounds are available from RTVanderbilt ™ under the name Molyvan 855.
[0028]
A dialkyldithiocarbamate containing bismuth carboxylate is available from RTVanderbilt ™ under the designation OD-9413.
[0029]
Epoxidized triglycerides are available from Ferro ™ as Plas-Check 755 ™ .
[0030]
Further examples of active ingredients used in the lubricants and metal conditioners of the present invention are described in US Pat. No. 6,110,877, and bismuth carboxylate salts are described in US Pat. No. 5,576,273.
[0031]
Examples of coolant gases to which the lubricant metal conditioner is added are CFC, HCFC and HFC: (C = carbon, F = fluorine, H = hydrogen). Refrigerant gases are conventional and specific examples are fluoropropane and fluorobutane. In addition, the present invention is compatible not only with the methane, ethane, and propane series, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide gas, but also with the Freone series of refrigerants and their updated alternatives. .
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0032]
In its broader aspects, the invention disclosed herein provides an effective amount of a bismuth compound to the coolant gas of a cooling system such as a coolant oil reservoir or chiller, cooler, refrigeration plant, air conditioning, refrigerator and heat pump. It is intended for introduction. Generally, the bismuth compound is added to the coolant gas or oil along with the lubricant. In a preferred embodiment, the bismuth compound will be present in about 5 to 10 percent of the lubricating or coolant oil, but the optimal effective amount will be determinable by one skilled in the art. The addition of polarized lubricating oils and bismuth compounds to the coolant gas enhances metal-to-metal lubricity, reduces energy consumption, and is non-toxic. It is expected to result in increased efficiency. Bismuth containing a lubricating composition is intended to extend the life of the compressor used in the refrigeration system.
[0033]
It is envisioned that dye tracers and / or germicides may be added to the bismuth containing lubricant composition.
[0034]
Broadly considered, the non-halogenated metal conditioners and extreme pressure lubricant additives disclosed herein useful in the coolant gas comprise an effective amount of:
lubricant,
Extreme pressure additive, given the polarity of bismuth carboxylate,
Dialkyldithiocarbamic acid antimony antiwear additive,
Viscosity improver,
And a molybdenum compound anti-friction additive,
Optionally, a dialkyldithiocarbamate containing bismuth carboxylate and / or an acid scavenger / stabilizer is shared in the compressor gas of the cooling device.
[0035]
The lubricant may include:
Polyalphaolefin oil,
Methyl ester oil,
Fatty acid ester oil
The lubricant compositions disclosed herein provide a non-halogenated (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine free) metal conditioner / extreme pressure lubricant additive for use in conditioning or lubricating metal surfaces. It is intended for the system. This formulation includes chlorine, fluorine, etc., which are known to combine with halogen group chemical elements, especially hydrogen, to form highly undesirable (corrosive) hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, respectively. It is unique in that it is not. Applications of the present invention include Polarized Refrigerant Additive Oils in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, refrigerators and heat pumps, and compressors in the consumer, industrial, commercial, military, and federal sectors. ) (PROA), including, but not limited to. By using this additive system as a PROA, (1) the heat transfer in the evaporator and condensing coil is greatly improved, (2) the lubricity of the lubricant oil is increased, and the operation and efficiency of the compressor are improved. It is greatly enhanced. The additive system is mixed into the lubricant oil reservoir or coolant stream as appropriate for the design of the equipment. When used as a polarized coolant oil and lubricant additive, the compositions of the present invention are carried along with the main lubricant and travel throughout the system. The polarity of the formulation is related to the covalent molecular bond that occurs between the negatively charged additive molecule and the positive charge on the metal surface. As each molecule attaches itself to the metal surfaces in the system, it conditions these surfaces, displacing dust, carbon deposits (caulking), and lubricant layers, and ultimately the thinning of the addition system. Form a layer one molecule thick. This achieves an optimal situation for efficient heat transfer in the heat exchange system of the refrigeration / air conditioning equipment. In addition, as a polar (molecular bond) extreme pressure lubricant, it provides greatly enhanced lubrication to the moving parts of the refrigeration system.
[0037]
Lubricating systems include polyalphaolefin oils, methyl ester oils, fatty acid ester oils (individually or as a mixture), polar piezoelectric luggage of bismuth carboxylate, viscosity improvers, molybdenum anti-friction additives , And optionally additional bismuth compound additives, and / or acid scavengers / stabilizers in combination. In one embodiment, during operation, the lubricant additive system is present in a small amount by weight and the main lubricating oil or coolant is present in a large amount. In a preferred embodiment, the bismuth carboxylate is selected from the group consisting of bismuth neocaprate, bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate, bismuth naphthenate and mixtures thereof. The polyalphaolefin-based oil is about 20 to 40 percent of the additive system, preferably about 28 to 38 percent of the additive system. The oil of methyl ester groups is about 15 to 35 percent of the additive system, preferably about 24 to 33 percent of the system. The oil of the fatty acid ester groups is about 1 to 10 percent of the additive system, preferably about 2 to 5 percent of the additive system. Bismuth carboxylate is present in the range of about 20 to 40 percent, preferably about 23 to 32 percent. About 1 to 8 percent of the olefin mixture is utilized in the system as a viscosity improver, preferably in an amount of about 3 to 5 percent of the additive system as a copolymer of ethylene and propylene. Molybdenum compounds may be introduced from about 0.1 to 8 percent of the system. Optionally, additional bismuth compounds may be introduced from about 0.1 to 8 percent of the system. Optionally, 1 to 3% of the epoxidized triglyceride may be utilized in the system as an acid scavenger and / or stabilizer.
[0038]
Of particular note is that the lubricant composition does not contain chlorine or sulfur compounds that would adversely affect air conditioning equipment, refrigerators or heat pump components.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0039]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example, the following composition is added to a refrigerant of a compressor of an air conditioner, a refrigerator, and a heat pump in the following ratio.
Ingredient percentage <br/> Polyalphaolefin oil 32.58
Methyl ester oil 28.00
Fatty ester oil 3.06
Bismuth carboxylate 27.00
Viscosity improver 4.00
(Paratone TM 8232)
[0040]
Optional alternative ingredients can be added to the preferred embodiment, especially to tailor the product to industry, applications or customers. For example, 1-2 percent of epoxidized triglycerides can be added. Another component that may be used is an antimicrobial biocide such as, for example, ionic silver.
[0041]
A particular embodiment of the present invention involves the addition of a tracer dye, such as a fluorescent tracer dye, to a lubricant supplied to the coolant of the cooling device.
[0042]
Although the invention has been described with respect to an air conditioner, refrigerator or heat pump, the invention is intended to cover similar devices containing coolant gas.
[0043]
The exact embodiments of the present invention include lubricating compositions for lubricating gearboxes as well as lubricating compositions for compressors. Broadly speaking, this exact composition has an effective amount of a bismuth compound, a molybdenum compound and a lubricating oil, for example as follows:
Ingredient percentage <br/> Lubricating oil 40-70
Bismuth compounds 20-40
Molybdenum compound 1-20
[0044]
Furthermore, zinc compounds can be added to the composition in the range of 1 to 2%. Antimony compounds may be added in the range of 1 to 10%. This composition can also be added to the coolant gas, and a tracer may be added to detect leaks. Antimicrobial agents may be added as preservatives. In this latter case, silver containing an antimicrobial agent is preferred. Viscosity enhancers with SAE equivalent numbers of 32 to 68 would be effective additives for this composition.
[0045]
Particular preferred embodiments of the conditioner-lubricating component include:
Ingredient percent <br/> bismuth compound 30
Molybdenum compounds 6
Lubricating oil 64
[0046]
Rowan et al. (No. 4,889,647) are examples of molybdenum compounds useful in the invention disclosed herein and are incorporated by reference to show them.
[0047]
The amounts of the components described herein are exemplary and can vary somewhat as will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art. Effective amounts of the components may also be determined by the relevant artisan.
[0048]
In general, all types of lubricants or lubricants are suitable. The terms lubricant and lubricating oil are used interchangeably.
[0049]
Of course, many modifications can be made without departing from the basic spirit of the invention. Thus, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

Claims (19)

冷却剤ガスとの組み合わせで、有効量の潤滑剤とビスマス化合物とを含む、空調設備、冷蔵庫またはヒートポンプの冷却剤ガスに有用な非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。A non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive useful for air conditioning equipment, refrigerator or heat pump coolant gas comprising an effective amount of a lubricant and a bismuth compound in combination with a coolant gas. 潤滑剤がポリアルファオレフィン系のオイルを含むことを特徴とする請求項1の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。2. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 1, wherein the lubricant comprises a polyalphaolefin oil. 潤滑剤が、ポリアルファオレフィン系のオイル、メチルエステル系のオイル及び脂肪酸エステル系のオイルの混合物である請求項1の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。2. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is a mixture of a polyalphaolefin oil, a methyl ester oil and a fatty acid ester oil. ビスマス化合物がカルボン酸ビスマスである請求項1の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。2. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 1, wherein the bismuth compound is bismuth carboxylate. カルボン酸ビスマスが、ネオカプリン酸ビスマス、2エチルヘキサン酸ビスマス、ナフテン酸ビスマス、及びその混合物のグループから選択される請求項4の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。5. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 4, wherein the bismuth carboxylate is selected from the group of bismuth neocaprate, bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate, bismuth naphthenate, and mixtures thereof. （a）ビスジチオカルバミン酸塩化合物と、（b）カルボン酸塩、ジチオカルバミン酸塩、及びフォスフォロジチオエーツのビスマス化合物との組成物が添加される請求項1の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubrication according to claim 1, wherein a composition of (a) a bisdithiocarbamate compound and (b) a bismuth compound of a carboxylate, dithiocarbamate, and phosphorodithioates is added. Additive. モリブデン化合物が摩擦防止添加剤として添加される請求項1の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。2. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 1, wherein a molybdenum compound is added as an anti-friction additive. 漏れ検出に役立つトレーサー染料が添加される請求項1の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。2. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 1, wherein a tracer dye is added to aid in leak detection. 請求項1の組成物を前記冷凍装置に添加する、冷凍装置の潤滑性を高めるための方法。A method for enhancing the lubricity of a refrigeration device, wherein the composition of claim 1 is added to the refrigeration device. 潤滑油、
ビスマスカルボン酸塩の極性が与えられた極圧添加剤、
粘性向上剤、
モリブデン化合物摩擦防止添加剤、
及び／また冷却装置の圧縮機ガスに伴う酸スカベンジャー／安定剤と、
を有効量有する、冷却剤ガスに有用な非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。Lubricant,
Extreme pressure additive, given the polarity of bismuth carboxylate,
Viscosity improver,
Molybdenum compound anti-friction additive,
And / or an acid scavenger / stabilizer associated with the compressor gas of the cooling device;
A non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive useful in coolant gases having an effective amount of 成分 パーセント
潤滑油 64.00
ビスマスカルボン酸塩 27.00
粘性向上剤 4.00
モリブデン化合物 5.00
を有する、冷却剤ガスに有用な非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。 Ingredient percentage <br/> Lubricating oil 64.00
Bismuth carboxylate 27.00
Viscosity improver 4.00
Molybdenum compound 5.00
A non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive useful for coolant gases having: 存在する成分として重量ベースで、
潤滑油が40から70パーセント
ビスマスカルボン酸塩が約20から40パーセントの範囲で存在し、
粘性向上剤として約1から8パーセントのオレフィン混合物がエチレンとプロピレンのコポリマーとしてシステムで利用され、
モリブデン化合物が約0.1から8パーセント導入でき、
任意に、約1から3パーセントのエポキシ化トリグリセリドが酸スカベンジャー及び／または安定剤としてシステム内に採用でき、
任意に、約0.1から8パーセントの追加のビスマス化合物が導入できる、
請求項1の圧縮機冷却剤ガスに有用な非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。On a weight basis as an ingredient present,
The lubricating oil is present in the range of 40 to 70 percent bismuth carboxylate in the range of about 20 to 40 percent;
About 1 to 8 percent of an olefin mixture is utilized in the system as a copolymer of ethylene and propylene as a viscosity improver,
Molybdenum compounds can be introduced from about 0.1 to 8 percent,
Optionally, about 1 to 3 percent of the epoxidized triglyceride can be employed in the system as an acid scavenger and / or stabilizer,
Optionally, about 0.1 to 8 percent of an additional bismuth compound can be introduced,
A non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive useful for the compressor coolant gas of claim 1. 存在する成分として重量ベースで、
ポリアルファオレフィン系のオイルが約28から38パーセントであり、
メチルエステル系オイルが約24から33パーセントであり、
脂肪酸エステル系のオイルが約2から5パーセントであり、
カルボン酸ビスマスが約23パーセントから32パーセントの範囲で存在し、
粘性向上剤として約3から5パーセントのオレフィン混合物がエチレン及びプロピレンのコポリマーとしてシステムで利用され、
モリブデン化合物が約0.1から8パーセント導入でき、
任意で、約1から3パーセントのエポキシ化トリグリセリドが酸スカベンジャー及び／または安定剤としてシステム内に採用できる、
請求項1の圧縮機ガスに有用な非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。On a weight basis as an ingredient present,
About 28 to 38 percent polyalphaolefin based oil;
About 24 to 33 percent methyl ester oils,
About 2 to 5 percent of fatty acid ester based oils,
Bismuth carboxylate present in the range of about 23 percent to 32 percent;
About 3 to 5 percent of a mixture of olefins is utilized in the system as a copolymer of ethylene and propylene as a viscosity improver;
Molybdenum compounds can be introduced from about 0.1 to 8 percent,
Optionally, about 1 to 3 percent of the epoxidized triglyceride can be employed in the system as an acid scavenger and / or stabilizer.
A non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive useful in the compressor gas of claim 1. ビスマス化合物と、
モリブデン化合物と、
潤滑油と
を有効量で有する非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。A bismuth compound;
A molybdenum compound;
A non-halogenated metal conditioner and an extreme pressure lubricant additive having an effective amount of a lubricating oil. 成分 パーセント
ビスマス化合物 20 - 40
モリブデン化合物 1 - 20
潤滑油 40 - 70
を有する請求項14の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。 Component percentage Bismuth compound 20-40
Molybdenum compound 1-20
Lubricating oil 40-70
15. The non-halogenated metal conditioner of claim 14 and an extreme pressure lubricant additive. 成分 パーセント
ビスマス化合物 30
モリブデン化合物 6
潤滑油 64
を有する請求項15の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。 Ingredient percent <br/> bismuth compound 30
Molybdenum compounds 6
Lubricating oil 64
16. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 15 having: 冷却剤ガスをさらに有する請求項14の非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤添加剤。15. The non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive of claim 14, further comprising a coolant gas. 内部を循環する冷却剤ガスを有する装置であって、極圧、耐摩耗性及び摩擦防止特性を与えるために冷却剤ガスに潤滑材が添加される装置を運転するための方法であって、改良として、極性を与える物質としてハロゲン化合物または硫黄化合物の代わりに有効量のビスマス化合物を潤滑剤に添加する段階を有し、それにより腐食及び環境上の問題が実質的に減少し、同時に装置の効率、寿命及び信頼性が改善される方法。A method for operating a device having a coolant gas circulating therein, wherein the lubricant is added to the coolant gas to provide extreme pressure, wear resistance and anti-friction properties, the method comprising: As a polarizer, adding an effective amount of a bismuth compound to the lubricant instead of a halogen compound or a sulfur compound, thereby substantially reducing corrosion and environmental issues, while at the same time improving the efficiency of the device. , Life and reliability are improved. 改良として、有効量のモリブデン化合物を潤滑剤に添加する段階をさらに有する請求項18の方法。19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of adding an effective amount of a molybdenum compound to the lubricant.
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