JP2004530739A - Combustion enhancers for normally liquid fuels - Google Patents

Combustion enhancers for normally liquid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004530739A
JP2004530739A JP2002568667A JP2002568667A JP2004530739A JP 2004530739 A JP2004530739 A JP 2004530739A JP 2002568667 A JP2002568667 A JP 2002568667A JP 2002568667 A JP2002568667 A JP 2002568667A JP 2004530739 A JP2004530739 A JP 2004530739A
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Prior art keywords
fuel
composition according
fuel composition
hydroxylamine
group
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JP2002568667A
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マーク アール. ベイカー,
ダグラス エム. バー,
ダニエル ティー. ダリー,
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Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
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Abstract

主要量の通常液状の燃料および少量のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を含有する燃料組成物であって、さらに多くの場合、ここで、このヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩の各ヒドロキシルアミノ基は、1個以下の第三級アルキル置換基を含有する。このヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩は、広範囲の通常液状の燃料(この燃料としては、炭化水素ベースの燃料、酸素化物および合成燃料が挙げられる)に向上された燃焼特性を提供する。本発明はまた、通常液状の炭化水素ベース燃料の燃焼特性を向上させる方法に関し、この方法は、その中に、燃焼向上量のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を取り込む工程を包含する。A fuel composition comprising a major amount of a normally liquid fuel and a minor amount of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof, and more often wherein each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or a salt thereof comprises no more than one Contains tertiary alkyl substituents. The hydroxylamine or salt thereof provides improved combustion characteristics to a wide range of normally liquid fuels, including hydrocarbon-based fuels, oxygenates and synthetic fuels. The present invention also relates to a method for improving the combustion characteristics of a normally liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel, the method comprising incorporating therein a combustion enhancing amount of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof.

Description

【技術分野】
【0001】
(関連出願)
本願は、2001年2月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/272,209号から優先権を主張している。
【0002】
(発明の分野)
本発明は、通常液状の燃料用の燃焼向上添加剤に関する。
【背景技術】
【0003】
(発明の背景)
業界では、通常液状の燃料の燃焼を向上させる方法を捜し続けている。これらには、加熱システム、内燃機関などで使用される燃料が挙げられる。政府機関は、燃料の燃焼により生じる排気ガスを引き続いて低減する規制を課している。また、政府の規制だけでなく燃料コストの上昇に直面している消費者も、燃費の向上を要求している。燃料の燃焼向上により、一般に、有害な排気ガスが減少し、燃料がさらに効率的に利用できるようになり、燃費が高くなる。
【0004】
車両の全体的な性能は、「操縦性」として知られている。具体的には、車両の「操縦性」は、車両が用意に始動し、一様にアイドリングし、巡航および加速したときに滑らかに走り、一般に、減速に応答する程度として、定義されている。車両を操作する周囲の温度は、操縦性に影響がある。操縦性はまた、燃料−空気混合物比および排気ガス制御により、影響される。一部の質の悪い燃料は、操縦性に悪影響を与え得る。操縦性の論述は、K.Owen and T.Coley,「Automotive Fuels Reference Book」,第2版、Society of Automotive Engineers(Pub.),1995,pp 173〜181で見られる。
【0005】
本発明の燃焼向上剤は、燃料の燃焼特性を向上させる。向上した燃焼特性には、微粒子排気の低下、CO排気の低下、NO排気の低下、炭化水素排気の低下、高い出力、不点火の減少および燃費の向上が挙げられる。
【0006】
米国特許第2,314,137号は、ディーゼル燃料に少量で添加したときに点火遅延を減らすのに有効であり、それにより、燃料の点火品質およびそれを使用するエンジンの後の操作を改善する化合物の1種として、有機ヒドロキシルアミンを記載している。
【0007】
米国特許第4,670,131号は、オレフィン性化合物を含有する有機フィードストリームの処理に使用される設備の汚れに関し、これは、約20ppb〜1,000ppb未満の安定な遊離ラジカル(例えば、窒素酸化物)の存在下で処理を実行することにより、これらのオレフィン性化合物の重合を阻止することによって、制御される。
【0008】
米国特許第5,460,634号は、油溶性の安定な遊離ラジカル(例えば、窒素酸化物)またはそのための前駆体を含有する添加剤パッケージを記載しており、これは、燃料油中にて、この燃料油の燃焼時に、微粒子排気、炭化水素排気、一酸化炭素排気、および窒素酸化物排気の1つ以上を少なくするのに使用される。
【0009】
米国特許第5,525,127号は、炭化水素質の留出物燃料組成物および添加剤濃縮物に関し、これらは、蒸発バーナーの性能を向上させるものとして、記載されている。これらの添加剤成分は、少なくとも以下から形成される混合物を含有する:(a)シクロペンタジエニルマンガントリカルボニル化合物;(b)コハク酸誘導体無灰分散剤;(c)脂肪族ジカルボン酸であって、これは、その分子内に、少なくとも24個の炭素原子を有し、その2個のカルボキシル基は、少なくとも6個の炭素原子により、互いから分離されている;および(d)キレート化型の金属不活性化剤。好ましくは、これらの組成物はまた、以下を含有する:(e)アルコキシル化アルキルフェノール;(f)抗乳化剤;(g)第三級モノアミンであって、ここで、その窒素原子上の各置換基は、ヒドロカルビル基である;および(h)液状不活性溶媒であって、これは、約600℃以下の最終沸点を有する。これらの組成物は、このシクロペンタジエニルマンガントリカルボニル化合物以外の金属含有添加剤成分のいずれかを欠いている。
【0010】
米国特許第5,529,706号は、トリ、テトラおよびポリカルボン酸または酸生成化合物のトリルトリアゾール誘導エステルを記載しており、これらは、潤滑油、グリースまたは留出物燃料用の有効な潤滑添加剤である。
【0011】
米国特許第5,578,556号は、トリアゾール−ジアルキルマレエート誘導体に関し、これらは、潤滑剤および燃料に有効な金属不動態化剤および耐摩耗添加剤として、記載されている。
【0012】
米国特許第5,591,237号は、燃料添加剤の濃縮物パッケージを記載しており、これは、清浄剤/分散剤、有機硝酸塩燃焼向上剤および腐食防止剤(これは、ダイマーおよび/またはトリマー酸を含有する)を含有し、その濃縮物を、硝酸/塩酸からなる群から選択される酸の寿命安定量(例えば、それぞれ、1,500ppmおよび10,000ppm)で処理することにより、高い寿命安定性を与える。
【0013】
米国特許第5,669,938号は、燃料組成物を記載しており、これは、油中水形乳化剤(これは、主要割合の炭化水素質の中間留出燃料および約1〜約40容量%の水を含有する)、および排気低減量の少なくとも1種の燃料溶解性有機硝酸塩点火向上剤(例えば、硝酸2−エチルヘキシル)を含有し、ディーゼルエンジンからの排気ガスを少なくする。
【0014】
米国特許第5,782,937号は、燃料組成物に関し、これは、ガソリン沸騰範囲の炭化水素燃料と、有機窒素含有化合物(これらは、有機硝酸塩および/または有機ニトロ化合物から選択される)とを含有する。これらの燃料組成物は、点火特性の向上を示し、この特性には、排気の減少および不点火の減少が挙げられる。
【0015】
米国特許第5,944,858号は、炭化水素質燃料およびそのための添加剤組成物に関し、これらは、以下を含有する:a)1種以上の燃料溶解性マンガンカルボニル化合物;b)中性清浄剤塩または塩基性清浄剤塩を含有する1種以上の燃料溶解性アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属、および好ましくはまたは、c)1種以上の燃料溶解性無灰分散剤;d)少なくとも1種の燃料溶解性抗乳化剤;e)少なくとも1種の脂肪族または環状脂肪族アミン;およびf)少なくとも1種の金属不活性化剤。これらの燃料組成物は、向上した燃焼特性を有すると言われている。
【0016】
米国特許第5,928,392号は、その中で燃焼を起こしつつ燃焼ゾーンに以下を連続供給することにより操作されるバーナーを記載している:(a)中間留出物バーナー燃料であって、これに、少量で燃焼を向上させる量のマンガンポリカルボニル化合物と、該ゾーンに導入する全燃料を完全燃焼するのに必要な化学量論量の100%を超えるがこのような化学量論量の105%よりも少ない全量の空気とに配合される。好ましくは、洗浄剤および燃料溶解性分散剤を含有するアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属が、この燃料中に配合される。
【0017】
ヨーロッパ特許EP 0420581 A1は、炭化水素燃料用の添加剤を記載しており、これは、煙の量を少なくし燃費を向上させる添加剤として、硝酸エタノールアミンを含有する。燃料は、添加剤を加えることにより改良させるが、この添加剤は、1種以上の次式のニトロ化合物の存在下にて、40〜45℃以下の温度で、硝酸アンモニウムと無水エタノールとを反応させることにより、調製できる:
【0018】
【化5】

Figure 2004530739
ここで、Rは、水素原子またはC1〜4アルキル基である。このニトロ誘導体は、1〜3重量%の濃度で適用され、このニトロ化合物と硝酸アンモニウムとのモル比は、少なくとも0.05:1である。
【0019】
排気を少なくし炭化水素ベース燃料(特に、炭化水素燃料)の寿命を伸ばすために、いくつかの手段が利用できる。これらには、例えば、その燃料に酸素化物を添加すること、またはその中に相当量の水(通常、乳濁液として)を取り込むことが挙げられる。酸素化物は、典型的には、純粋な炭化水素燃料と比較して、燃料価が低く、そしてもちろん、水は燃料価がないので、それを使用すると、しばしば、「操縦性」(すなわち、性能)が著しく損なわれる。広範囲の通常液状の燃料(特に、酸素化物または水を含有する燃料)の燃焼を向上させる添加剤系を発見することが望まれている。本発明は、この必要性を検討する。本発明の燃焼向上剤はまた、操縦性に乏しい燃料の性能を向上させるのに有用である。
【発明の開示】
【課題を解決するための手段】
【0020】
(発明の要旨)
本発明は、主要量の通常液状の炭化水素ベース燃料および少量のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を含有する燃料組成物に関する。さらに多くの場合、前記ヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩の各ヒドロキシルアミノ基は、1個以下の第三級アルキル置換基を含有する。このヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩は、広範囲の通常液状の炭化水素ベース燃料(これには、炭化水素燃料、バイオマス燃料および酸素化物のような燃料が挙げられる)の燃焼特性を向上させる。本発明はまた、通常液状の炭化水素ベース燃料の燃焼特性を向上させる方法に関し、該方法は、その中に、燃焼向上量のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を取り込む工程を包含する。
【0021】
(発明の詳細な説明)
本明細書中で使用する場合、「ヒドロカルビル」または「炭化水素ベースの」との用語は、記載の基が、本発明の文脈内で、主として炭化水素的な性質を有することを意味する。これらには、事実上、純粋な炭化水素である基(すなわち、これらは、炭素および水素だけを含有する)が挙げられる。これらはまた、主として、基の炭化水素的な性質を変化させない置換基または原子を含有する基を含み得る。これらの置換基には、ハロ−、アルコキシ−、ニトロ−、ヒドロキシルなどが挙げられ得る。これらの基はまた、ヘテロ原子を含有し得る。て適切なヘテロ原子は、当業者に明らかであり、例えば、イオウ、窒素および酸素が挙げられる。従って、これらの基は、本発明の文脈内では、主として炭化水素的な性質を保持しているものの、鎖または環の中に存在する炭素以外の原子を含有し得、その他は炭素原子で構成されている。
【0022】
一般に、この炭化水素基または炭化水素ベースの基では、各10個の炭素原子に対し、約3個以下の非炭化水素置換基またはヘテロ原子、好ましくは、1個以下の非炭化水素置換基またはヘテロ原子が存在する。最も好ましくは、これらの基は、事実上、純粋な炭化水素であり、すなわち、本質的に、炭素および水素以外の原子を含有しない。
【0023】
本明細書および添付の特許請求の範囲で使用する場合、単数形は、他に文脈で明らかに指示がなければ、複数形もまた含むことに注目すべきである。それゆえ、単数形「a」、「an」および「the」は、複数を含む;例えば、「アミン(an amine)」は、同じ型のアミンの混合物を含む。他の例として、単数形「アミン(amine)」は、文脈で他に明らかに指示されていなければ、単数および複数の両方を含むと解釈される。
【0024】
(ヒドロキシルアミンおよびそれらの塩)
本発明の燃料組成物は、少なくとも1種のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を含有する。さらに多くの場合、前記ヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩の各ヒドロキシルアミノ基は、1個以下の第三級アルキル置換基を含有する。
【0025】
1実施形態では、前記ヒドロキシルアミンは、以下の一般式を有する:
【0026】
【化6】
Figure 2004530739
ここで、RおよびRの各々は、独立して、H、第一級ヒドロカルビル基および第二級ヒドロカルビル基からなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、特に、H、または1個〜約25個の炭素原子を含有するヒドロカルビル基であり、特に、低級アルキル基であり、そしてnは、1〜約30の範囲、好ましくは、1〜約4の範囲であり、最も好ましくは、1である。もちろん、RがHのとき、nは、1に等しいことが明らかである。
【0027】
各ヒドロカルビル基が、独立して、第一級アルキル基(特に、1個〜約6個の炭素原子を含有するもの)である場合は、特に好ましい。
【0028】
他の実施形態では、前記ヒドロキシルアミンは、以下の一般式を有する:
【0029】
【化7】
Figure 2004530739
ここで、各Rは、独立して、Hまたはヒドロカルビル基、特に、Hまたは低級アルキル基であり、各Rは、独立して、低級アルキレン基、好ましくは、エチレン基またはプロピレン基、最も好ましくは、エチレン基であり、そしてxは、1〜約29の範囲、好ましくは、1〜約5の範囲である、
ヒドロキシルアミン(これらのヒドロキシルアミンは、燃焼向上剤として有用であることが発見されている)の例およびそれらを調製する方法は、多数の米国特許に記載されており、これらには、例えば、米国特許第3,491,151号;米国特許第4,017,512号;米国特許第5,731,462号;米国特許第5,733,935号;および米国特許第6,031,130号が挙げられる。これらの特許はまた、本発明の一部とは見なされない実施形態も記載していることに注目すべきであり、このような実施形態は、本発明の一部と見なすようには解釈されない。これらの特許は、本明細書中に記載されている本発明で有用なヒドロキシルアミンの記載について、本明細書中で参考として援用されている。
【0030】
他の好ましい実施形態では、この燃料組成物は、ヒドロキシルアミン塩を含有する。これらのヒドロキシルアミン塩が誘導されるヒドロキシルアミンは、この上で記載したヒドロキシルアミンと同じである。典型的には、前記塩は、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、スルホン酸塩、炭酸塩およびカルボン酸塩の少なくとも1つのメンバーである。硝酸塩および炭酸塩が好ましく、硝酸塩が、特に好ましい。これらの塩は、一般に、必要に応じて、希釈剤の存在下にて、ヒドロキシルアミンを適切な酸と接触させることにより、得られる。これらの塩の多くは、例えば、Aldrich Chemical Company(Milwaukee,WI,USA)のような化学薬品の業者から市販されている。
【0031】
(燃料)
本発明の燃料には、当該技術分野で公知の全ての通常液状の炭化水素ベース燃料が挙げられる。「通常液状の」とは、通常の操作温度で液体または液化可能である燃料を意味する。「炭化水素ベースの」とは、その燃料が炭化水素部分を含有することを意味する。これらの燃料には、ASTM Specification D−4814を満たすガソリン、ASTM Specification D−975を満たすディーゼル燃料、ASTM Specification D−396を満たす暖房用オイル、酸素化物、主として炭化水素の燃料および酸素化物、バイオマス燃料および合成燃料の混合物が挙げられる。
【0032】
炭化水素ベース燃料には、炭化水素基を含有する燃料、特に、実質的に炭化水素であるもの、すなわち、鉱油源から誘導した燃料、例えば、ガソリンおよび中間留出油、ディーゼル油および暖房用オイル、合成炭化水素燃料(例えば、ポリオレフィン、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素基含有燃料、フィッシャー−トロプシュ法により得られた炭化水素燃料)などがある。
【0033】
炭化水素ベース燃料および酸素化物の混合物には、前述の炭化水素ベース燃料のいずれかと、アルカノール(特に、低級アルカノール)およびエーテル(例えば、メチル−t−ブチルエーテル、メチル−t−アミルエーテル、ジメトキシエタンおよびジエトキシエタン)、特に、低級アルカノール(例えば、エタノール)のいずれかとの混合物が挙げられる。
【0034】
バイオマス燃料は、有機物質(例えば、種子)から誘導される。これらのオイルをバイオマスから得る方法は、多数の米国特許に記載されており、それらの多くは、米国特許第6,166,231号(その内容は、このようなオイルおよびそれらを得る方法に関連した開示について、本明細書中で参考として援用されている)で列挙されている。バイオマス燃料の例には、植物油(例えば、ヒマワリ油および菜種油)がある。
【0035】
本発明の燃料組成物は、少量のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を含有する。さらに典型的には、これらの燃料組成物は、燃料100万重量部あたり約50〜約50,000重量部、さらに多くの場合、約1,000〜約10,000重量部または約1,000〜約5,000重量部のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を含有する。
【0036】
本発明の燃料組成物は、当業者に周知の他の添加剤を含有し得る。これらには、燃焼改変剤(例えば、ガソリン用のオクタン価向上剤(例えば、アンチノック剤(例えば、テトラアルキル鉛化合物およびある種のエーテル))、ディーゼル燃料用のセタン価向上剤(例えば、硝酸アルキル))、掃鉛剤(例えば、ハロアルカン)、染料、酸化防止剤(例えば、ヒンダードフェノール)、潤滑剤、寒冷流動向上剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、錆防止剤(例えば、アルキル化コハク酸およびその無水物およびそれらの誘導体)、静菌剤、補助分散剤および清浄剤、ゴム化防止剤、流動化剤、金属不活性化剤、抗乳化剤、氷結防止剤などが挙げられ得る。本発明の燃料組成物は、有鉛燃料または無鉛燃料であり得る。無鉛燃料が好ましい。
【0037】
以下の実施例は、本発明のいくつかの組成物を説明する。全ての部は、重量基準である。これらの実施例は、例示の目的のみと解釈され、特許請求の範囲を限定するとは解釈されない。他に指示がなければ、成分の全ての量は、純粋で希釈剤を含まない基準で示されている。
【0038】
(実施例1)
高速で、低イオウNo.2燃料油85部、無水エタノール15部およびN,N−ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン0.5部を共に混合することにより、燃料組成物を調製する。
【0039】
(実施例2)
低イオウNo.2燃料油100部およびN,N−ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン0.5部を共に混合することにより、燃料組成物を調製する。
【0040】
(実施例3)
燃料組成物は、無鉛ガソリン95部およびメタノール5部を含有し、このメタノールは、ポリエーテルアミン(これは、C12〜15置換ポリオキシプロピレンモノオールの還元シアノエチル化により、調製した)およびN,N−ジエチルヒドロキシルアミンヘキサデシル置換コハク酸エステル−塩(これは、各1モルのヘキサデシル置換無水コハク酸とジメチルエタノールアミンとを反応させることにより、調製した)の1:1(重量基準)混合物1.0部で乳化され、その乳濁液に、N,N−ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン0.5部を加える。
【0041】
(実施例4)
燃料組成物は、ディーゼル燃料96.33部、C12〜15アルキルポリ(オキシプロピル)24プロピルアミン1.0部、ヘキサデセニルコハク酸ジメチルアミノエチルエステル−塩1部および13M含水硝酸ヒドロキシアンモニウム1.67部を含有する。
【0042】
(実施例5)
燃料組成物は、ガソリン99.50部およびN,N−ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン0.5部を含有する。
【0043】
上記物質のいくつかは、その最終調合物中にて、相互作用し得、その結果、この最終調合物の成分は、最初に加えたものとは異なり得ることが知られている。例えば、金属イオン(例えば、清浄剤の)は、他の分子の他の酸性部位に移動できる。そのように形成された生成物は、本発明の組成物をその目的用途で使用する際に形成される生成物を含めて、簡単には記載できない場合がある。それにもかかわらず、全てのこのような変更および反応生成物は、本発明の範囲内に包含される;本発明は、上記成分を混合することにより調製される組成物を包含する。
【0044】
上で引用した各文献の内容は、本明細書中で参考として援用されている。実施例を除いて、他に明らかに指示がなければ、物質の量を特定している本記載の全ての数値量、反応条件、分子量、炭素原子数などは、「約」という用語により修飾されることが分かる。他に指示がなければ、本明細書中で言及した各化学物質または組成物は、その異性体、副生成物、誘導体、および市販等級に存在すると通常考えられているような他のこのような物質を含有し得る、市販等級の物質であると解釈されるべきである。しかしながら、各化学成分の量は、他に指示がなければ、市販の物質に通例存在し得る任意の溶媒または希釈油を除いて、提示されている。本明細書中で示した上限および下限の量、範囲および比は、独立して組み合わされ得ることが分かる。本明細書中で使用する場合、「本質的になる」との表現には、問題の組成物の基本的で新規な特性に著しく影響を与えない物質が含まれていてもよい。
【0045】
本発明は、その好ましい実施形態に関連して説明しているものの、それらの種々の変更は、本明細書を読めば、当業者に明らかなことが理解されるべきである。従って、本明細書中で開示の発明は、添付の請求の範囲に入るこれらの変更を含むべく意図されていることが理解されるべきである。【Technical field】
[0001]
(Related application)
This application claims priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 272,209, filed February 28, 2001.
[0002]
(Field of the Invention)
The present invention relates to combustion enhancing additives for fuels that are normally liquid.
[Background Art]
[0003]
(Background of the Invention)
The industry continues to look for ways to improve the combustion of normally liquid fuels. These include fuels used in heating systems, internal combustion engines, and the like. Government agencies have imposed regulations to subsequently reduce emissions from fuel combustion. Consumers who are faced with rising fuel costs as well as government regulations are demanding improved fuel efficiency. Improved fuel combustion generally reduces harmful emissions, allows more efficient use of fuel, and increases fuel economy.
[0004]
The overall performance of a vehicle is known as "steerability". Specifically, "maneuverability" of a vehicle is defined as the degree to which the vehicle starts easily, idles uniformly, runs smoothly when cruising and accelerating, and generally responds to deceleration. The ambient temperature at which the vehicle operates affects the maneuverability. Maneuverability is also affected by fuel-air mixture ratio and exhaust gas control. Some poor fuels can adversely affect maneuverability. For a discussion of maneuverability, see Owen and T.S. Coley, "Automotive Fuels Reference Book", 2nd edition, Society of Automobile Engineers (Pub.), 1995, pp 173-181.
[0005]
The combustion enhancer of the present invention improves the combustion characteristics of fuel. The improved combustion characteristics, reduction of particulate emissions, reduction in CO emissions, reduction of the NO x exhaust, reduction of hydrocarbon emissions, high power, reduction and improvement in fuel efficiency of misfire and the like.
[0006]
U.S. Pat. No. 2,314,137 is effective in reducing ignition delay when added in small amounts to diesel fuel, thereby improving the ignition quality of the fuel and subsequent operation of the engine using it. An organic hydroxylamine is described as one of the compounds.
[0007]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,670,131 relates to fouling of equipment used to treat organic feed streams containing olefinic compounds, which comprises from about 20 ppb to less than 1,000 ppb of stable free radicals, such as nitrogen. The treatment is carried out in the presence of an oxide) to control the polymerization of these olefinic compounds.
[0008]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,634 describes an additive package containing an oil-soluble stable free radical (e.g., nitrogen oxides) or a precursor therefor, which is used in fuel oils. Used to reduce one or more of particulate emissions, hydrocarbon emissions, carbon monoxide emissions, and nitrogen oxide emissions during combustion of this fuel oil.
[0009]
U.S. Patent No. 5,525,127 relates to hydrocarbonaceous distillate fuel compositions and additive concentrates, which are described as enhancing the performance of evaporative burners. These additive components comprise at least a mixture formed from: (a) a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound; (b) an ashless dispersant of a succinic acid derivative; (c) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. It has at least 24 carbon atoms in its molecule, and its two carboxyl groups are separated from each other by at least 6 carbon atoms; and (d) the chelated form Metal deactivator. Preferably, these compositions also contain: (e) an alkoxylated alkylphenol; (f) a demulsifier; (g) a tertiary monoamine, wherein each substituent on the nitrogen atom is Is a hydrocarbyl group; and (h) a liquid inert solvent, which has a final boiling point of about 600 ° C. or less. These compositions lack any of the metal-containing additive components other than the cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound.
[0010]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,529,706 describes tolyltriazole derived esters of tri, tetra and polycarboxylic acids or acid-generating compounds, which are useful lubricants for lubricating oils, greases or distillate fuels. It is an additive.
[0011]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,556 relates to triazole-dialkyl maleate derivatives, which are described as effective metal passivators and antiwear additives in lubricants and fuels.
[0012]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,237 describes a concentrate package of fuel additives, which includes detergents / dispersants, organic nitrate combustion enhancers and corrosion inhibitors, which include dimers and / or By treating the concentrate with a life-stable amount of an acid selected from the group consisting of nitric acid / hydrochloric acid (e.g., 1500 ppm and 10,000 ppm, respectively). Gives life stability.
[0013]
U.S. Patent No. 5,669,938 describes a fuel composition comprising a water-in-oil emulsifier, which comprises a major proportion of a hydrocarbonaceous middle distillate fuel and from about 1 to about 40 volumes. % Water) and an emission reduction amount of at least one fuel-soluble organic nitrate ignition enhancer (eg, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate) to reduce emissions from diesel engines.
[0014]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,937 relates to a fuel composition comprising a gasoline boiling range hydrocarbon fuel and an organic nitrogen-containing compound, which are selected from organic nitrates and / or organic nitro compounds. It contains. These fuel compositions exhibit improved ignition characteristics, including reduced emissions and reduced misfire.
[0015]
U.S. Patent No. 5,944,858 relates to hydrocarbonaceous fuels and additive compositions therefor, which include: a) one or more fuel-soluble manganese carbonyl compounds; b) neutral detergents. One or more fuel-soluble alkali metals or alkaline earth metals containing a dispersant salt or a basic detergent salt, and preferably or c) one or more fuel-soluble ashless dispersants; d) at least one E) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amine; and f) at least one metal deactivator. These fuel compositions are said to have improved combustion characteristics.
[0016]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,392 describes a burner operated by continuously feeding a combustion zone while burning therein, wherein: (a) a middle distillate burner fuel; This includes, in small amounts, a combustion enhancing amount of a manganese polycarbonyl compound and a stoichiometric amount exceeding 100% of the stoichiometric amount required for complete combustion of all fuels introduced into the zone. And less than 105% of the total air. Preferably, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal containing a detergent and a fuel-soluble dispersant is incorporated into the fuel.
[0017]
European Patent EP 0 420 581 A1 describes an additive for hydrocarbon fuels, which contains ethanolamine nitrate as an additive for reducing the amount of smoke and improving fuel economy. The fuel is modified by the addition of an additive, which reacts ammonium nitrate with absolute ethanol at a temperature of 40 to 45 ° C. or lower in the presence of one or more nitro compounds of the following formula: Can be prepared by:
[0018]
Embedded image
Figure 2004530739
Here, R is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group. The nitro derivative is applied in a concentration of 1 to 3% by weight, the molar ratio of the nitro compound to ammonium nitrate being at least 0.05: 1.
[0019]
Several means are available to reduce emissions and extend the life of hydrocarbon-based fuels, especially hydrocarbon fuels. These include, for example, adding oxygenates to the fuel or incorporating a significant amount of water (usually as an emulsion) therein. Oxygenates typically have a lower fuel value compared to pure hydrocarbon fuels and, of course, water has no fuel value, so its use often results in "steerability" (ie, performance) ) Is significantly impaired. It is desirable to find an additive system that enhances the combustion of a wide range of normally liquid fuels, especially those containing oxygenates or water. The present invention addresses this need. The combustion enhancers of the present invention are also useful for improving the performance of poorly maneuverable fuels.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0020]
(Summary of the Invention)
The present invention relates to fuel compositions containing a major amount of a normally liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel and a minor amount of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof. Even more often, each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or salt thereof contains no more than one tertiary alkyl substituent. The hydroxylamine or salt thereof improves the combustion characteristics of a wide range of normally liquid hydrocarbon-based fuels, including fuels such as hydrocarbon fuels, biomass fuels and oxygenates. The present invention also relates to a method of improving the combustion characteristics of a normally liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel, the method comprising incorporating therein a combustion enhancing amount of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof.
[0021]
(Detailed description of the invention)
As used herein, the term "hydrocarbyl" or "hydrocarbon-based" means that the stated group has, within the context of the present invention, a predominantly hydrocarbon character. These include groups that are essentially pure hydrocarbons (ie, they contain only carbon and hydrogen). They may also contain groups containing predominantly substituents or atoms that do not alter the hydrocarbon nature of the group. These substituents can include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, hydroxyl, and the like. These groups may also contain heteroatoms. Suitable heteroatoms will be apparent to those of skill in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Thus, these groups within the context of the present invention, while preserving predominantly hydrocarbon character, may contain non-carbon atoms present in the chain or ring, and the others are composed of carbon atoms. Have been.
[0022]
In general, the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon-based group will have no more than about 3 non-hydrocarbon substituents or heteroatoms, preferably no more than 1 non-hydrocarbon substituent or 10 atoms for each 10 carbon atoms. Heteroatoms are present. Most preferably, these groups are essentially pure hydrocarbons, ie, contain essentially no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.
[0023]
It should be noted that as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular also includes the plural unless the context otherwise dictates otherwise. Thus, the singular forms "a,""an," and "the" include pluralities; for example, "an amine" includes a mixture of amines of the same type. As another example, the singular form "amine" is understood to include both the singular and the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0024]
(Hydroxylamine and their salts)
The fuel composition of the present invention contains at least one hydroxylamine or a salt thereof. Even more often, each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or salt thereof contains no more than one tertiary alkyl substituent.
[0025]
In one embodiment, the hydroxylamine has the following general formula:
[0026]
Embedded image
Figure 2004530739
Wherein each of R a and R b is independently a member selected from the group consisting of H, a primary hydrocarbyl group and a secondary hydrocarbyl group, especially H, or one to about 25 Is a hydrocarbyl group containing 2 carbon atoms, especially a lower alkyl group, and n ranges from 1 to about 30, preferably from 1 to about 4, and most preferably 1. . Of course, it is clear that when Ra is H, n is equal to one.
[0027]
It is particularly preferred if each hydrocarbyl group is independently a primary alkyl group, especially those containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
[0028]
In another embodiment, the hydroxylamine has the general formula:
[0029]
Embedded image
Figure 2004530739
Wherein each R c is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, especially H or a lower alkyl group, and each R d is independently a lower alkylene group, preferably an ethylene or propylene group, most preferably Preferably, it is an ethylene group and x ranges from 1 to about 29, preferably from 1 to about 5,
Examples of hydroxylamines (these hydroxylamines have been found to be useful as combustion enhancers) and methods of preparing them are described in numerous US patents, including, for example, US Pat. U.S. Patent Nos. 3,491,151; 4,017,512; 5,731,462; 5,733,935; and 6,031,130. No. It should be noted that these patents also describe embodiments that are not considered a part of this invention, and such embodiments are not to be construed as being considered a part of this invention. . These patents are incorporated herein by reference for their description of the hydroxylamines useful in the invention described herein.
[0030]
In another preferred embodiment, the fuel composition contains a hydroxylamine salt. The hydroxylamine from which these hydroxylamine salts are derived is the same as the hydroxylamine described above. Typically, the salt is at least one member of a nitrate, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate and carboxylate. Nitrate and carbonate are preferred, and nitrate is particularly preferred. These salts are generally obtained by contacting hydroxylamine with a suitable acid, optionally in the presence of a diluent. Many of these salts are commercially available from chemical vendors such as, for example, Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI, USA).
[0031]
(fuel)
Fuels of the present invention include all commonly liquid hydrocarbon-based fuels known in the art. By "normally liquid" is meant a fuel that is liquid or liquefiable at normal operating temperatures. "Hydrocarbon-based" means that the fuel contains a hydrocarbon moiety. These fuels include gasoline that meets ASTM Specification D-4814, diesel fuel that meets ASTM Specification D-975, heating oil that meets ASTM Specification D-396, oxygenates, mainly hydrocarbon fuels and oxygenates, and biomass fuels. And mixtures of synthetic fuels.
[0032]
Hydrocarbon-based fuels include fuels containing hydrocarbon groups, especially those that are substantially hydrocarbons, i.e., fuels derived from mineral oil sources, such as gasoline and middle distillates, diesel and heating oils. And synthetic hydrocarbon fuels (for example, polyolefins, fuels containing alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and hydrocarbon fuels obtained by the Fischer-Tropsch method).
[0033]
Mixtures of hydrocarbon-based fuels and oxygenates include any of the aforementioned hydrocarbon-based fuels and alkanols (especially lower alkanols) and ethers (e.g., methyl-t-butyl ether, methyl-t-amyl ether, dimethoxyethane and Diethoxyethane), especially mixtures with any of the lower alkanols (eg, ethanol).
[0034]
Biomass fuels are derived from organic substances (eg, seeds). Methods for obtaining these oils from biomass are described in a number of U.S. patents, many of which are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,166,231, the contents of which are related to such oils and methods for obtaining them. The disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference). Examples of biomass fuels include vegetable oils (eg, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil).
[0035]
The fuel composition of the present invention contains a small amount of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof. More typically, these fuel compositions contain from about 50 to about 50,000 parts by weight, and more often from about 1,000 to about 10,000 parts by weight, or about 1,000 parts per million parts by weight of fuel. Contains from about 5,000 parts by weight of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof.
[0036]
The fuel composition of the present invention may contain other additives known to those skilled in the art. These include combustion modifiers (e.g., octane improvers for gasoline (e.g., anti-knock agents (e.g., tetraalkyl lead compounds and certain ethers)), cetane improvers for diesel fuel (e.g., alkyl nitrates). )), Lead scavengers (eg, haloalkanes), dyes, antioxidants (eg, hindered phenols), lubricants, cold flow improvers, dispersants, surfactants, rust inhibitors (eg, alkylated succinic acids) And their anhydrides and derivatives thereof), bacteriostats, auxiliary dispersants and detergents, anti-rubbers, flow agents, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, deicers and the like. The fuel composition of the present invention can be a leaded or unleaded fuel. Lead-free fuels are preferred.
[0037]
The following examples illustrate some compositions of the present invention. All parts are by weight. These examples are to be construed for illustrative purposes only and not to limit the scope of the claims. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts of ingredients are given on a pure, diluent-free basis.
[0038]
(Example 1)
High speed, low sulfur No. 2 A fuel composition is prepared by mixing together 85 parts of fuel oil, 15 parts of absolute ethanol and 0.5 part of N, N-diethylhydroxylamine.
[0039]
(Example 2)
Low sulfur no. 2 A fuel composition is prepared by mixing together 100 parts of fuel oil and 0.5 parts of N, N-diethylhydroxylamine.
[0040]
(Example 3)
The fuel composition contains 95 parts of unleaded gasoline and 5 parts of methanol, the methanol being polyetheramine (prepared by reductive cyanoethylation of a C12-15 substituted polyoxypropylene monol) and N, A 1: 1 (by weight) mixture of N-diethylhydroxylaminehexadecyl-substituted succinate-salt (prepared by reacting each mole of hexadecyl-substituted succinic anhydride with dimethylethanolamine) And then adding 0.5 part of N, N-diethylhydroxylamine to the emulsion.
[0041]
(Example 4)
Fuel composition, 96.33 parts of diesel fuel, C 12 to 15 alkyl poly (oxy propyl) 1.0 parts 24 propylamine, hexadecenylsuccinic acid dimethylaminoethyl ester - salt 1 part 13M hydrated nitrate hydroxylammonium Contains 1.67 parts.
[0042]
(Example 5)
The fuel composition contains 99.50 parts of gasoline and 0.5 parts of N, N-diethylhydroxylamine.
[0043]
It is known that some of the above substances may interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may be different from those initially added. For example, metal ions (eg, of detergents) can migrate to other acidic sites of other molecules. The product so formed, including the product formed when the composition of the present invention is used for its intended purpose, may not be easily described. Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the invention; the invention embraces compositions prepared by mixing the above ingredients.
[0044]
The contents of each of the documents cited above are incorporated herein by reference. Except in the examples, unless explicitly indicated otherwise, all numerical quantities, reaction conditions, molecular weights, carbon atoms, etc. in this specification which specify the quantity of a substance are modified by the term `` about ''. You can see that Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein is isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such compounds as would normally be present in commercial grade. It should be understood that the material is of a commercial grade that can contain the material. However, the amounts of each chemical component are provided, unless otherwise indicated, except for any solvents or diluent oils that may normally be present in commercially available materials. It is understood that the upper and lower amount, range and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. As used herein, the expression "consisting essentially" may include substances that do not significantly affect the basic new properties of the composition in question.
[0045]
While the invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover those modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (46)

主要量の通常液状の炭化水素ベース燃料および少量のヒドロキシルアミン塩を含有する、燃料組成物。A fuel composition comprising a major amount of a normally liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel and a minor amount of a hydroxylamine salt. 前記ヒドロキシルアミン塩の各ヒドロキシルアミノ基が、1個以下の第三級アルキル置換基を含有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。2. The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine salt contains no more than one tertiary alkyl substituent. ヒドロキシルアミン塩を含有し、ここで、該ヒドロキシルアミンが、以下の一般式を有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物:
Figure 2004530739
ここで、RおよびRの各々は、独立して、H、第一級ヒドロカルビル基および第二級ヒドロカルビル基からなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、そしてnは、1〜約30の範囲である、
燃料組成物。
The fuel composition according to claim 1, comprising a hydroxylamine salt, wherein the hydroxylamine has the following general formula:
Figure 2004530739
Wherein each of R a and R b is independently a member selected from the group consisting of H, a primary hydrocarbyl group and a secondary hydrocarbyl group, and n ranges from 1 to about 30 Is,
Fuel composition.
nが、1〜約4の範囲である、請求項3に記載の燃料組成物。4. The fuel composition according to claim 3, wherein n ranges from 1 to about 4. n=1であり、そしてRおよびRの各々が、独立して、H、または1個〜約25個の炭素原子を含有するヒドロカルビル基である、請求項4に記載の燃料組成物。5. The fuel composition according to claim 4, wherein n = 1 and each of Ra and Rb is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms. およびRの各々が、独立して、低級アルキル基である、請求項5に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 5, wherein each of Ra and Rb is independently a lower alkyl group. 各ヒドロカルビル基が、独立して、第一級アルキル基である、請求項4に記載の燃料組成物。5. The fuel composition according to claim 4, wherein each hydrocarbyl group is independently a primary alkyl group. 各第一級アルキル基が、独立して、1個〜約6個の炭素原子を含有する、請求項7に記載の燃料組成物。8. The fuel composition according to claim 7, wherein each primary alkyl group independently contains from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. ヒドロキシルアミン塩を含有し、ここで、該ヒドロキシルアミンが、以下の一般式を有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物:
Figure 2004530739
ここで、各Rは、独立して、Hまたはヒドロカルビル基であり、各Rは、独立して、低級アルキレン基であり、そしてxは、1〜約29の範囲である、
燃料組成物。
The fuel composition according to claim 1, comprising a hydroxylamine salt, wherein the hydroxylamine has the following general formula:
Figure 2004530739
Wherein each R c is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, each R d is independently a lower alkylene group, and x ranges from 1 to about 29;
Fuel composition.
各Rが、独立して、Hまたは低級アルキル基であり、そして各Rが、独立して、エチレン基またはプロピレン基である、請求項9に記載の燃料組成物。10. The fuel composition according to claim 9, wherein each R c is independently H or a lower alkyl group, and each R d is independently an ethylene or propylene group. 前記塩が、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、スルホン酸塩、炭酸塩およびカルボン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのメンバーである、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the salt is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a nitrate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a carbonate and a carboxylate. 前記塩が、硝酸塩および炭酸塩からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 11, wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of nitrates and carbonates. 前記塩が、硝酸塩である、請求項12に記載の燃料組成物。13. The fuel composition according to claim 12, wherein said salt is a nitrate. 前記燃料が、ASTM Specification D−4814を満たすガソリンを含有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises gasoline that meets ASTM Specification D-4814. 前記燃料が、ASTM Specification D−975を満たすディーゼル燃料を含有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises a diesel fuel that meets ASTM Specification D-975. 前記燃料が、ASTM Specification D−396を満たす暖房用オイルを含有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises a heating oil that meets ASTM Specification D-396. 前記燃料が、酸素化物を含有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel contains oxygenates. 前記酸素化物が、低級アルカノールおよびエーテルからなる群の少なくとも1つのメンバーを含有する、請求項17に記載の燃料組成物。18. The fuel composition according to claim 17, wherein said oxygenate contains at least one member of the group consisting of lower alkanols and ethers. 前記燃料が、炭化水素燃料および低級アルカノールの混合物を含有する、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel and a lower alkanol. 前記炭化水素燃料が、ガソリンである、請求項19に記載の燃料組成物。20. The fuel composition according to claim 19, wherein said hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline. 前記炭化水素燃料が、ディーゼル燃料である、請求項19に記載の燃料組成物。20. The fuel composition according to claim 19, wherein said hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel fuel. 前記燃料が、バイオマス燃料を含む、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises a biomass fuel. 前記バイオマス燃料が、植物油を含む、請求項22に記載の燃料組成物。23. The fuel composition according to claim 22, wherein said biomass fuel comprises a vegetable oil. 前記燃料が、合成燃料である、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel is a synthetic fuel. 前記合成燃料が、フィッシャー−トロプシュ法により得られる、請求項24に記載の燃料組成物。25. The fuel composition according to claim 24, wherein the synthetic fuel is obtained by a Fischer-Tropsch process. 前記合成燃料が、炭化水素燃料である、請求項25に記載の燃料組成物。26. The fuel composition according to claim 25, wherein said synthetic fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel. 通常液状の炭化水素ベース燃料の燃焼特性を向上させる方法であって、その中に、燃焼向上量のヒドロキシルアミン塩を取り込む工程を包含する、方法。A method for improving the combustion characteristics of a normally liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel, comprising incorporating a combustion enhancing amount of a hydroxylamine salt therein. 前記ヒドロキシルアミン塩の各ヒドロキシルアミノ基が、1個以下の第三級アルキル置換基を含有する、請求項27に記載の方法。28. The method of claim 27, wherein each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine salt contains no more than one tertiary alkyl substituent. 前記ヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩が、燃料100万重量部あたり約50〜約50,000重量部の量で存在している、請求項1に記載の燃料組成物。The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxylamine or salt thereof is present in an amount of about 50 to about 50,000 parts by weight per million parts by weight of fuel. 主要量のASTM Specification D−4814を満たすガソリンおよび少量のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を含有する燃料組成物であって、ここで、該ヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩の各ヒドロキシルアミノ基は、1個以下の第三級アルキル置換基を含有する、
燃料組成物。
A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline satisfying ASTM Specification D-4814 and a minor amount of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof, wherein each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or a salt thereof has no more than one primary amino acid. Containing a tertiary alkyl substituent,
Fuel composition.
ヒドロキシルアミン塩を含有し、ここで、該ヒドロキシルアミンが、以下の一般式を有する、請求項30に記載の燃料組成物:
Figure 2004530739
ここで、RおよびRの各々は、独立して、H、第一級ヒドロカルビル基および第二級ヒドロカルビル基からなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、そしてnは、1〜約30の範囲である、
燃料組成物。
31. The fuel composition according to claim 30, comprising a hydroxylamine salt, wherein the hydroxylamine has the following general formula:
Figure 2004530739
Wherein each of R a and R b is independently a member selected from the group consisting of H, a primary hydrocarbyl group and a secondary hydrocarbyl group, and n ranges from 1 to about 30 Is,
Fuel composition.
nが、1〜約4の範囲である、請求項31に記載の燃料組成物。32. The fuel composition according to claim 31, wherein n ranges from 1 to about 4. n=1であり、そしてRおよびRの各々が、独立して、H、または1個〜約25個の炭素原子を含有するヒドロカルビル基である、請求項32に記載の燃料組成物。33. The fuel composition of claim 32, wherein n = 1 and each of Ra and Rb is independently H, or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms. およびRの各々が、独立して、低級アルキル基である、請求項33に記載の燃料組成物。34. The fuel composition according to claim 33, wherein each of Ra and Rb is independently a lower alkyl group. 各ヒドロカルビル基が、独立して、第一級アルキル基である、請求項32に記載の燃料組成物。33. The fuel composition according to claim 32, wherein each hydrocarbyl group is independently a primary alkyl group. 各第一級アルキル基が、独立して、1個〜約6個の炭素原子を含有する、請求項35に記載の燃料組成物。36. The fuel composition according to claim 35, wherein each primary alkyl group independently contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. ヒドロキシルアミンを含有し、ここで、該ヒドロキシルアミンが、以下の一般式を有する、請求項30に記載の燃料組成物:
Figure 2004530739
ここで、各Rは、独立して、Hまたはヒドロカルビル基であり、各Rは、独立して、低級アルキレン基であり、そしてxは、1〜約29の範囲である、
燃料組成物。
31. The fuel composition according to claim 30, comprising hydroxylamine, wherein the hydroxylamine has the following general formula:
Figure 2004530739
Wherein each R c is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, each R d is independently a lower alkylene group, and x ranges from 1 to about 29;
Fuel composition.
各Rが、独立して、Hまたは低級アルキル基であり、そして各Rが、独立して、エチレン基またはプロピレン基である、請求項37に記載の燃料組成物。38. The fuel composition according to claim 37, wherein each Rc is independently H or a lower alkyl group, and each Rd is independently an ethylene or propylene group. 前記燃料が、ガソリンおよび低級アルカノールの混合物を含有する、請求項30に記載の燃料組成物。31. The fuel composition according to claim 30, wherein the fuel comprises a mixture of gasoline and a lower alkanol. 前記ガソリンが、合成燃料である、請求項30に記載の燃料組成物。31. The fuel composition according to claim 30, wherein said gasoline is a synthetic fuel. 前記ガソリンが、フィッシャー−トロプシュ法により得られる、請求項40に記載の燃料組成物。41. The fuel composition according to claim 40, wherein the gasoline is obtained by a Fischer-Tropsch process. ガソリン燃料の燃焼特性を向上させる方法であって、その中に、燃焼向上量のヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩を取り込む工程を包含し、ここで、該ヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩の各ヒドロキシルアミノ基は、1個以下の第三級アルキル置換基を含有する、方法。A method of improving the combustion characteristics of a gasoline fuel, comprising incorporating a combustion enhancing amount of hydroxylamine or a salt thereof, wherein each hydroxylamino group of the hydroxylamine or a salt thereof comprises 1 A method comprising up to tertiary alkyl substituents. 前記ヒドロキシルアミンまたはその塩が、燃料100万重量部あたり約50〜約50,000重量部の量で存在している、請求項30に記載の燃料組成物。31. The fuel composition according to claim 30, wherein the hydroxylamine or salt thereof is present in an amount of about 50 to about 50,000 parts by weight per million parts by weight of fuel. さらに、a)分散剤、b)燃焼改変剤、c)潤滑剤、d)寒冷流動向上剤、e)流動化剤およびf)界面活性剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の成分を含有する、請求項1〜26、29〜41および43のいずれか1項に記載の燃料組成物。Further, it contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of a) dispersants, b) combustion modifiers, c) lubricants, d) cold flow improvers, e) flow agents, and f) surfactants. 44. The fuel composition according to any one of claims 1-26, 29-41 and 43. 前記燃焼特性向上が、微粒子排気の低下、NO排気の低下、燃費の向上および炭化水素排気の低下の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項27、28および42のいずれか1項に記載の方法。The combustion characteristic is improved, reduction of particulate emissions, including reduced of the NO x exhaust, at least one of lowering of improving and hydrocarbon exhaust fuel economy, the method according to any one of claims 27, 28 and 42. 内燃機関またはバーナーを操作する方法であって、その操作中において、該内燃機関またはバーナーの燃焼室に、請求項1および30のいずれか1項に記載の前記燃料組成物を供給する工程を包含する、方法。31. A method of operating an internal combustion engine or burner, comprising supplying the fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 and 30 to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine or burner during operation. how to.
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