JP2004528694A - Ceramic metal halide lamp - Google Patents

Abstract

An HID lamp of a ceramic metal halide type having an output range of about 150 W to about 1000 W, using a metal coil wound around an arc tube of such a lamp for both ignition and containment. Providing lamps.
The present invention relates to a ceramic metal halide type having a molybdenum coil wound around a ceramic discharge vessel and at least a part of an electrode feedthrough means, and having an output range of about 150 W to about 1000 W. It relates to a high pressure discharge lamp. The discharge vessel has a ceramic wall and is closed by a ceramic plug. The electrode arranged in the discharge space is connected to an electric conductor via a lead-through element. The lead-through element protrudes from the ceramic plug in a tightly engaged state, and is airtightly connected thereto by a sealing ceramic. The read-through element has a first part formed by cermet in this hermetically connected area. The lamp has the following characteristics: CCT (correlated color temperature) of about 3800 to about 4500K, CRI (color rendering index) of about 70 to about 95, MPCD of about ± 10 (average color difference that can be recognized), and Luminous efficiency of up to about 85-95 lumens / watt, lumen maintenance of more than 80%, color temperature change of less than 200K in 100-8000 hours, and lifetime of about 10,000 hours to about 25,000 hours, one or more and most Preferably, all are shown. The invention also relates to a design space for the design and construction of a high power lamp.
[Selection diagram] FIG.

Description

【Technical field】
[0001]
The present invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp that encloses a discharge space containing an electrode connected to a current conductor by a lead-through element and that is provided with a discharge vessel including a ceramic wall. The present invention
A light source for the discharge vessel,
A glass stem,
A pair of lead wires embedded in the glass stem,
A glass envelope surrounding the light source,
A first end secured to the stem, a shaft portion extending parallel to the axis of the lamp, and a second end resiliently secured within the closed end of the glass envelope. A wire frame member,
The invention also relates to a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp having:
[Background Art]
[0002]
High intensity discharge (HID) lamps are commonly used for wide area lighting applications because of their high energy efficiency and extremely long life. Existing HID product areas consist of mercury vapor (MV) lamps, high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, and quartz metal halide (MH) lamps. In recent years, ceramic metal halide lamps (eg, Philips MasterColor® series) have been introduced to the market. Compared to traditional HID lamps, ceramic metal halide lamps have better initial color consistency and excellent stability over their lifetime (lumen retention rate is over 80%, color temperature change for 10,000 hours is less than 200K) The luminous efficiency is as high as over 90 lumens / watt and the lifetime is about 20,000 hours. These highly desirable properties are due to the high stability of the polycrystalline alumina (PCA) envelope, which emits continuous spectrum light radiation close to natural light, and special salt mixtures.
[0003]
Philips MasterColor (TM) salt mixture used in the series of lamps, NaI, and is made of rare earth halides according to the CaI _2, TlI, and DyI ₃ and HoI ₃ and TmI _3. NaI, CaI ₂ , and TlI are primarily for emitting high intensity linear radiation in various colors, but also contribute to continuous radiation. These rare-earth halides are intended to emit continuous radiation over the entire visible range, thereby providing a high color rendering index (CRI). By adjusting the composition of the salt, a color temperature of 3800-4500K and a CRI of over 85 can be achieved. The existing power range of such lamps is between 20W and 150W. These relatively narrow power ranges are only suitable for applications requiring low power devices, such as most low ceiling indoor retail spaces. For high power applications requiring lamp power from 200W to 1000W for a wide range, the main products available include MV lamps, HPS lamps, and MH lamps. If the dimensions of the low power arc tube are simply scaled to fit the high power arc tube, the design will result in high thermomechanical distortions and will reduce lamp life to unacceptable levels.
[0004]
An example of a lamp of the type described so far is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,609. This known lamp has a relatively low output of at most 150 W even with an arc voltage of about 90 V. The current that the electrodes of such lamps conduct during lamp operation is relatively small, so that the electrode dimensions can remain relatively small, and the inside diameter of the protruding plug is relatively small. Is enough. In the case of a lamp having a rated output exceeding 150 W or a considerably low arc voltage, for example, in order to increase the electrode current, it is necessary to increase the size of the electrode. As a result, the diameter of the inner plug will be correspondingly larger. For such lamps, it has been found that there is a risk of increased premature failure (eg, due to electrode cuts or plug cracks).
[0005]
Protected pulse fired metal halide lamps (using both low watt ceramic arc tubes and low / high watt quartz arc tubes) provide a way to contain debris in the outer area of the bulb if the arc tube ruptures. In addition, a quartz sleeve is used, and in many cases, a Mo coil covered around the sleeve is used. These lamps do not require an auxiliary antenna to assist the ignition process.
[0006]
Other lamps, such as HPS or sodium halide lamps, use a refractory metal spiral that assists in starting and prevents sodium from moving through the arc tube during operation. I have. Representative examples of such uses are as follows.
[0007]
EP 0549056 discloses a metal coil that is used only for containment and not for ignition. Note that this coil is wound around the sleeve surrounding the arc tube, but not around the arc tube itself.
[0008]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,640 discloses a coil that is used only for ignition in HPS lamps and not for containment. The coil is electrically connected to the frame wire and is not capacitively coupled.
[0009]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,491,766 discloses a coil that is used only for suppressing ignition and sodium migration, but not for containment. This coil is electrically connected to the frame wire and is not capacitively coupled.
[0010]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,950,938 does not disclose coils, but discloses a metal screen that is used only for containment and not for ignition.
[0011]
There is a need in the art for ceramic metal halide type HID lamps with a power range of about 150 W to about 1000 W and lamps using metal coils for both ignition and containment.
[Patent Document 1]
US Patent No. 5,424,609 [Patent Document 2]
European Patent No. 549,056 [Patent Document 3]
US Patent No. 4,179,640 [Patent Document 4]
US Patent No. 4,491,766 [Patent Document 5]
US Patent No. 4,950,938 [Disclosure of the Invention]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0012]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a ceramic metal halide type HID lamp having an output range of about 150 W to about 1000 W, wherein a metal coil wound around the arc tube of such a lamp is used for both ignition and containment. The purpose is to provide used HID lamps. The nominal voltage specified by the ANSI standards applicable to HPS and MH varies from 100V to 135V for 150W to 400W lamps, and then for 1000W lamps, the rated output increases to about 260V.
[0013]
Another object of the present invention is that the color consistency in the initial stage is excellent, the stability is excellent throughout the life (the lumen maintenance rate is more than 80%, the color temperature change in 10,000 hours is less than 200K), and the luminous efficiency is 90 Made of Philips, with high lumens / watt, a lifespan of about 20,000 hours, and a power range of about 150W to about 1000W, using metal coils wrapped around the arc tube for both ignition and containment The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ceramic metal halide lamp of the MasterColor (registered trademark) series.
[0014]
Another object is to provide a method which reduces the disadvantages mentioned above and the risk of failure.
[0015]
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by a first embodiment of the present invention. In the case of this first embodiment, it has a rated output of 150 W to 1000 W, which can be combined with the ANSI standard series for ballasts designed for high pressure sodium or quartz metal halide lamps (pulse start or switch start), and For both containment, a complete product family of gas discharge lamps using metal coils wound on the arc tube of such lamps is provided. The lamp of the present invention extends the output range of Philips MasterColor® series lamps from 150 W to 1000 W and is suitable for retrofitting HPS or MH with the same output. Thus, they can be used for most of the existing ballast and fastening systems.
[0016]
The present invention, in its preferred embodiment, uses an ignited and contained metal coil wrapped around an arc tube and has a power range suitable for retrofitting high pressure sodium and / or quartz metal halide. Provide ceramic metal halide lamps from about 150W to about 1000W.
[0017]
In another preferred embodiment, a high power lamp as described above has the following characteristics: a CCT (correlated color temperature) of about 3800 to about 4500 K, a CRI (color rendering index) of about 70 to about 95, a CRI of about ± 10. It will have one or more, and most preferably all, MPCDs (average color difference perceptible) and luminous efficiencies of up to about 85-95 lumens / watt.
[0018]
In another preferred embodiment, regardless of the rated output, the lumen maintenance ratio is more than 80%, the color temperature change for 100 to 8000 hours is less than 200K, and the life is about 10,000 to about 25,000 hours. A ceramic metal halide lamp is provided.
[0019]
Excellent initial color consistency, excellent stability throughout life (Lumen retention less than 80%, color temperature change for 10,000 hours less than 200K), high luminous efficiency of over 90 lumens / watt, lifetime is about Ceramic metal halide lamps with 20,000 hours and an output range of about 150 W to about 1000 W are particularly preferred.
[0020]
The present invention also provides a new design space that includes parameters for any lamp power between about 150W and 1000W. In this case, the appropriate parameters for the design of the body of the lamp operable with this desired output can be obtained by selecting from the following parameters:
(i) Arc tube length, diameter, and wall thickness limits correlate with and are expressed as a function of lamp power and / or color temperature and / or lamp voltage.
(ii) The electrode feedthrough structure used to conduct the current while suppressing the thermal distortion of the arc tube is correlated with and expressed as a function of the lamp current.
[0021]
The present invention also provides a method for making a ceramic metal halide lamp having predetermined characteristics by using the design space of the present invention.
[0022]
The above and further aspects of the lamp according to the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0023]
The present invention may be better understood with reference to the details of the following specific examples.
[0024]
Referring to FIG. 8, a ceramic metal halide discharge lamp 1 includes an outer glass envelope 10, a glass stem 11 having a pair of conductive frame wires 12, 13 embedded therein, a metal base 14, A central contact 16 insulated from the base 14. The stem leads 12, 13 are connected to the base 14 and the center contact 16, respectively, and not only support the arc tube 20, but also connect the electrode 30 through the frame wire member 17 and the stem lead member 13. , Supply current to 40. The getter 18 is fixed to the frame wire member 17. The niobium connector 19 electrically connects the electrode feedthroughs 30 and 40 of the arc tube. An end 9 that is in contact with the dimple 8 formed at the upper end of the shaft of the glass envelope 10 is provided in a portion beyond the frame member 17.
[0025]
FIG. 9 shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of an arc tube 20 having a four part feedthrough. The central barrel 22 is formed as a ceramic tube having a disc-shaped end wall 24, 25 having a central opening for receiving end plugs 26, 27. These end plugs are further formed as ceramic tubes and receive the electrodes 30, 40 therethrough. Electrodes 30,40 are each provided with a niobium lead-in 32,42 sealed by a frit 33,43 sealingly sealing the electrode assembly to the PCA arc tube, and a molybdenum / aluminum cermet center 34. , 44, molybdenum rod portions 35, 45, and tungsten rods 36, 46 having tungsten windings 37, 47. The barrel 22 and end walls 24, 25 enclose a discharge space 21 containing an inert gas, metal halide, and ionizable filler of mercury.
[0026]
FIG. 10 shows a cross section of a second preferred embodiment of an arc tube 20 having a three part feedthrough. Electrodes 30, 40 (only 30 shown) have niobium lead-ins 32, 42 sealed by frit 33, 43, molybdenum or cermet centers 34, 44, and tungsten windings, respectively. And tungsten rods 36 and 46 having 37 and 47, respectively.
[0027]
As used herein, “ceramic” refers to single crystal metal oxides (eg, sapphire), polycrystalline metal oxides (eg, polycrystalline, densely sintered aluminum oxide). And yttrium oxide) and materials that are heat resistant, such as materials that are not polycrystalline oxides (eg, aluminum nitride). Such materials allow a wall temperature of 1500-1600K and resist chemical attack by halides and sodium. Polycrystalline aluminum oxide (PCA) has been found to be optimal for the purposes of the present invention.
[0028]
FIG. 8 shows a ceramic metal halide arc that extends along the length of the barrel 22 and has a conductive antenna coil 50 wrapped around the arc tube 20 and around the extension plugs 26, 27. Tube 20 is also shown. The antenna coil 50 reduces the breakdown voltage at which the filler gas is ionized by capacitive coupling between the coil and an adjacent lead-in in the plug. When an AC voltage is applied across the electrodes, the antenna stimulates UV emission in the PCA, which eventually causes primary electrons to be emitted by the electrodes. The presence of these primary electrons promotes discharge ignition in the filler gas.
[0029]
A planning experiment was performed to determine the effect of gas type, gas pressure, and antenna type on various characteristics of a 200 W MMH lamp. The gas type has two levels (Ar and Xe), the gas pressure has two levels (100 torr and 200 torr), and the antenna type has three levels (arc tube painted with graphite, arc tube , And Mo wire / bimetal). The dimensions of the PCA tube were ID = 7.4 mm, IL = 26 mm, and t _wall = 0.95 mm. The electrodes were a three-part cermet assembly with a W rod length of 4 mm and a rod diameter of 0.500 mm. The ttb distance was set to 2.0 mm. Salt, NaI is 14% TlI was a 7% DyI ₃ 12%, HoI ₃ 12%, TmI ₃ 12%, and CaI ₂ is 15 mg ones 43%. An arc tube was attached to the lamp and tested. A UV enhancer is not included in these lamps (and Kr85 is not included in the arc tube). Antenna types are available in three levels: graphite coated on an arc tube (capacitively coupled), Mo coil wrapped around the arc tube (capacitively coupled), Mo wire / bimetal (long lead) Attached to a wire)). Response characteristics included the ignition characteristics at 1 h, the temperature and containment of the arc tube at 100 h, and the photometric characteristics at 100 h and 800 h.
[0030]
Some lamps are made using xenon and argon and will be published as an appendix to the U.S. Standard for Metal Halide Lamp Measurement Methods (ANSI C78.387-1995), which will contain quartz metal halide lamp containment test measurements. In accordance with the ANSI test protocol. Due to the limited number of lamps, the containment test provided only one sample from each test. All lamps contained a ruptured arc tube fragment outside the bulb. However, one lamp with a small hole of less than 1 cm ² outside the bulb (from testing with a 200 torr Ar and Mo wire antenna) was excluded. According to the ANSI test protocol, this initiative can be re-verified so that this containment test does not fail. When the arc tube ruptured, it usually turned into a few fragments, but the one designed with an Mo coil in the lamp tube had the least movement. The differences between the three types of antennas used in these tests were relatively minor with regard to the ignition assist function. However, only the Mo coil antenna served two functions: prevention of containment and ignition.
[0031]
"Containment" means preventing damage to the outside of the bulb caused by rupture of the arc tube.
[0032]
It is preferable that Mo used for the coil is doped with potassium and specified as HCT (high crystallization temperature). The material withstands vacuum firing at 1300 ° C. and must not crack, split, delaminate or split even when subjected to ASTM ductility testing. Even after recrystallization, Mo remains malleable at temperatures above about 100 ° C., and its elastic force remains above 100 MPa up to about 1200 ° C.
[0033]
Therefore, in summary, it encapsulates the discharge space and preferably is a sintered, translucent polycrystalline alumina arc tube with a cylindrical ceramic, preferably an electrode, preferably a hermetic seal on one side. A high watt discharge lamp is provided having a ceramic discharge vessel provided with a tungsten-molybdenum-cermet-niobium electrode or a tungsten-cermet-niobium electrode mounted by a stop. The arc tube contains metal mercury, a mixture of rare gas and radioactive ⁸⁵ Kr, and a salt mixture composed of sodium iodide, calcium iodide, thallium iodide and some rare earth iodides. I have. The arc tube is prevented from bursting by a molybdenum coil, which also serves as a starting antenna. The entire arc tube and its support structure, along with other components, such as a getter (18 in FIG. 8) or a UV enhancer (not shown), are installed as needed, with a standard lead-free solid size. It is enclosed in a glass bulb.
[0034]
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it has been found that the following design parameters mitigate and, in most cases, eliminate the effects of high thermal strain associated with high lamp power. The present inventors have found that these parameters are particularly suitable for producing lamp products having an output of 150 W to 400 W and a lamp voltage of 100 V, and changing the voltage of 135 V to 135 V by changing some design parameters. We have found that lamp designs with higher 260V and / or higher power (up to 1000W) are also possible. These design parameters are as follows.
(i) The general aspect ratio, ie, the ratio of the inner length (IL) to the inner diameter (ID) of the PCA arc tube body, is higher than the low power range MasterColor® lamp.
(ii) The general design space for any lamp power between 150W and 1000W, as a function of lamp power, color temperature, and lamp voltage, in terms of arc tube length, diameter, and wall thickness limits. Upper and lower limits for such parameters are expressed and determined for the selected lamp output, and parameters are selected from this design space to provide the lamp with preselected characteristics. A method is provided for:
(iii) In order to conduct a large current while suppressing thermal strain on the PCA, a laser-welded specific tungsten-cermet-niobium electrode or tungsten-molybdenum-cermet-niobium electrode feed-through structure is used.
(iv) The design parameter limits for such feedthroughs are given as a function of lamp current.
(v) Use a molybdenum coil wound around the arc tube and around the extending plug to reduce the risk of non-passive failure.
(vi) The composition of the salt is adjusted to the desired color temperature according to the shape of the high-power MasterColor® lamp and various lamp voltages. The general composition range of the salt is given as a function of the color temperature and the lamp voltage.
(vii) The starting properties of the lamp are achieved by using a mixture of xenon, argon, krypton, and ⁸⁵ Kr gas.
[0035]
Referring to FIGS. 1-7 and FIG. 11, the above design parameters can be categorized as including one or more of the following items.
(1) Design space limit for arc tube shape;
(2) Limit values of the structure and design of the electrode feedthrough;
(3) iodide salt composition range to achieve desired photometric attributes (CCT = 3800-4500K, CRI = 85-95, MPCD = ± 10, luminous efficiency of 85-95 lumens / watt); and
(4) Range of buffer gas composition and pressure.
[0036]
A particularly important aspect of the present invention is that all product families with a power output of 150 W to 1000 W have a lumen retention rate of more than 80% (e.g., see FIG. 11) at 8000 hours, regardless of the specific rated power, 100%. It is the discovery of a parameter limit of less than 200K color temperature change in hours to 8000 hours and a lifetime of 10,000 hours to 25,000 hours.
[0037]
The shape of the arc tube is determined by a set of parameters best illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 and 9 which also indicate the main parameters used. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 9, the length inside the arc tube body (IL) is determined by the lamp power. The upper and lower limits of IL for any given lamp power between 150 W and 400 W can be found in FIG. The inside diameter (ID) of the arc tube body is also a function of the lamp power. The upper limit and lower limit of the ID for any predetermined lamp output of 150 W to 400 W are shown in FIG.
[0038]
One of the common characteristics of this high wattage MasterColor® lamp family is that the aspect ratio of the arc tube body is higher than that of a low wattage MasterColor lamp (30-150 W). The aspect ratio of the arc tube body of the low wattage lamp is about 1.0-1.5. For any given lamp output for the lamp of the present invention, the aspect ratio (IL / ID) will be in the range of 3.3 to 6.2. The design space for the shape is shown in the IL-ID plot of FIG. The shaded space shown in FIG. 3 is a general design space that does not specify a lamp output.
[0039]
The comparison of each design with other designs of different rated power is measured by "wall load". The wall load is defined as the ratio of the power to the inner surface area of the arc tube body (in W / cm ² ). In FIG. 4, the upper line is the wall load value as if both IL and ID were at the lower limit for the output, so the internal surface area was minimal and the wall load was maximum. is there. The lower line is the wall loading level as if both IL and ID were at the upper limit, the surface area was the largest, and the wall loading was the lowest. As indicated by each point of the shaded in the region, in the case of any other design, the range of wall loading must be between 23~35W / cm ^2. The wall load level remains fairly constant throughout the power range of 150W to 400W.
[0040]
Typically, as the lamp power increases, the walls of the arc tube need to be thicker as the volume increases. The wall thickness limits are specified in FIG.
[0041]
Electrodes that conduct current and act alternately as cathodes and anodes for arcing are specially configured for ceramic arc tubes. FIGS. 9 and 10 show details of the components within the arc tube and their relative positions, and of an arc tube 20 having a three part feedthrough and a four part feedthrough, respectively. 2 shows a preferred embodiment. Here, the electrodes 30, 40 are respectively
Niobium lead-in 32, 42 sealed by frit 33, 43,
Molybdenum / aluminum cermet center 34,44,
Molybdenum rod parts 35, 45,
A niobium lead-in 32, 42 having tungsten windings 37, 47 and / or electrodes 30, 40, respectively, sealed therein by frit 33, 43;
A molybdenum / aluminum cermet center 34,44 and tungsten tips (rods) 36,46 with tungsten windings 37,47, tungsten tips (rods) 36,46;
Having. Each joint connecting the two feedthrough components is preferably welded by a laser welder. The three-part feedthrough structure is similar to the feedthrough structure used for low wattage MasterColor® lamps, but is preferred herein for assembling the feedthrough for larger currents. Shows the design parameters.
[0042]
The key design parameters of the feedthrough include the diameter and length of the electrode rod, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, which show the limits of rod diameter and rod length for lamp power.
[0043]
Additional parameters exist for the preferred embodiment of the feedthrough structure, and these preferably include:
(1) The tip extension of the electrode ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
(2) The distance from the tip to the bottom (ttb), ie, the length of the electrode in the arc tube body, is in the range of 1 mm to 4 mm, and generally increases with power.
(3) The cermet contains about 35 wt.% Or more of Mo, in which case the preferred content of Mo is about 55 wt.% Or more, and the balance must be Al ₂ O ₃ .
(4) The frit (also known as sealing ceramic) flow must completely cover the Nb rod.
(5) The VUP wall thickness [(VUP OD – VUP ID) / 2] is in the range of 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm.
[0044]
Applicants have thus found that the design space is determined from the following approximations of the characteristics of the PCA arc tube and feedthrough. Here, a desired lamp output can be selected from these parameters, and conversely, a parameter can be selected from the desired lamp output.
[Table 1]
[0045]
Further, the following items are preferable.
(1) The tip extension of the electrode is in the range of 0.2-1.0 mm.
(2) The distance from the tip to the bottom (ttb), ie, the length of the electrode in the arc tube body, increases in the range of 1 mm to 4 mm and generally with power.
(3) The cermet contains about 35 wt.% Or more of Mo, in which case the preferred content of Mo should be about 55 wt.% Or more, and the rest should be Al ₂ O ₃ .
(4) The flow of the frit (also known as the sealing ceramic) must completely cover the Nb rod.
(5) The VUP wall thickness [(VUP OD-VUP ID) / 2] is in the range of 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm.
[0046]
The salt mixture is specifically tailored to the power range and arc tube shape used for this product family. The table below shows the nominal composition of this salt mixture (100% complete composition).
[Table 2]
[0047]
The filling material of the discharge vessel contains 1 to 5 mg of Hg. This mercury content is similar to that of Philips Alto Plus lamps (ie, less than 5 mg) and the lamps of the present invention have passed the TCLP test and are therefore environmentally friendly. Incidentally, these lamps, NaI is 6 to 25 wt%, TlI is 5 to 6 wt%, CaI ₂ is 34 to 37 wt%, DyI ₃ is 11 to 18 wt%, HoI ₃ is 11 to 18 wt%, It contains about 10 to 50 mg of metal halide in a TmI ₃ ratio of 11 to 18 wt%.
[0048]
The arc tube is also filled with a rare gas mixture to assist in lamp ignition. The composition of this gas is at least about 99.99% xenon and a small amount of radioactive ⁸⁵ Kr gas, but use a mixture of Ne, Ar, Kr, or a noble gas instead of pure Xe as a possible alternative gas I can do it. Pure xenon is preferred because it has been shown to be more efficient than lamps using Ar. In addition, the breakdown voltage of lamps using xenon is higher than that of lamps using Ar, and the wall temperature of the lamp is lower than that of lamps using Ar. The filling pressure at room temperature for this product family preferably ranges from about 50 torr to about 150 torr.
[0049]
As mentioned above, to reduce the risk of non-passive failure, molybdenum coils wound around the arc tube and around the extending plug are used. It is preferred to use a Mo coil antenna wrapped around the PCA arc tube and at least partially around the extending plug. This coil antenna functions as an antenna to start the ignition, allows good capacitive coupling for the ignition, has no detrimental effect on the efficiency or lifetime characteristics of the lamp, and furthermore, the arc tube can burst If so, mechanically contain the debris.
[0050]
This product family will be able to be used extensively in both indoor and outdoor lighting applications. The main indoor application is a constantly occupied extensive warehouse or retail building that requires a high color rendering index, high visibility, and low color change between lamps. Outdoor applications include street lighting, lighting for buildings and structures, and highway lighting.
[0051]
It will be understood that the present invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from its spirit and scope or basic characteristics, and that the examples disclosed herein are merely preferred embodiments thereof. There will be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[0052]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing an upper limit and a lower limit of a length dimension inside an arc tube according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing an upper limit and a lower limit of a diameter dimension inside an arc tube in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a design space according to a limit value of an aspect ratio in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a design space according to a wall load with respect to an output in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a range of an upper limit and a lower limit of a dimension of a wall thickness of an arc tube with respect to a lamp output in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a range of an upper limit and a lower limit of a diameter of an electrode rod with respect to an output in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a range of an upper limit and a lower limit of a length of an electrode rod with respect to an output in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a lamp according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the ceramic arc tube of FIG. 8, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the three-part electrode feedthrough of FIG. 8, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11A is a graph of lumen maintenance of a 150 W lamp according to a preferred shape of the present invention.
FIG. 11B is a graph of lumen maintenance for a 200 W lamp according to a preferred shape of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
[0053]
1… Ceramic metal halide discharge lamp
8… Dimple
9 ... end
10… Glass envelope
11… Glass stem
12… Frame wire
13… Frame wire
14 ... Base
16 ... Center contact
17… Frame wire members
18 ... getter
19… Niobium connector
20 ... Arc tube
21… Discharge space
22 ... Barrel
24 ... End wall
25 ... End wall
26 ... Terminal plug
27 ... Terminal plug
30 ... electrode
32… Niobium lead-in
33 ... frit
34 ... Molybdenum or cermet center
35 ... Molybdenum rod
36 ... Tungsten tip (rod)
37 ... Tungsten winding
40 ... electrode
42… Niobium lead-in
43… Frit
44… Molybdenum or cermet center
45 ... Molybdenum rod
46… Tungsten tip (rod)
47 ... Tungsten winding
50… antenna coil

Claims (18)

A discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel enclosing a discharge space,
The discharge vessel, in the discharge space,
An ionizable substance having a metal halide;
First and second discharge electrode feed-through means,
First and second current conductors respectively connected to the first and second discharge electrode feedthrough means,
In a discharge lamp having
Having a molybdenum coil wound around the discharge vessel and at least a portion of the electrode feedthrough means, and having an output range of about 150 W to about 1000 W; and
About 3800 to about 4500K CCT (correlated color temperature), about 70 to about 95 CRI (color rendering index), about ± 10 MPCD (recognizable average color difference), and up to about 85 to 95 lumens / watt Exhibiting one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of: luminous efficiency,
Discharge lamp. 2. The lamp according to claim 1, equipped with a ballast designed for a high pressure sodium lamp or a quartz metal halide lamp. A discharge lamp having a power range of about 150 W to about 1000 W, and having a ceramic discharge vessel enclosing a discharge space,
The discharge vessel, in the discharge space,
An ionizable substance having a metal halide;
First and second discharge electrode feed-through means,
First and second current conductors respectively connected to the first and second discharge electrode feedthrough means,
In a discharge lamp including
The ceramic discharge vessel,
A cylindrical barrel having a central axis and a pair of opposed end walls,
A pair of ceramic end plugs extending from each end wall along the axis;
A pair of lead-ins extending through each end plug, connected to each electrode spaced apart in the central barrel;
An arc tube having
The electrode feed-through means,
Niobium lead-in that is hermetically sealed to the arc tube,
Molybdenum / aluminum cermet center,
A molybdenum rod part,
A tungsten tip having a tungsten winding;
Having, and
The lamp has a molybdenum coil attached to the arc tube and at least a portion of the ceramic end plug;
Discharge lamp. 4. The lamp of claim 3, wherein the arc tube has a molybdenum coil wound around a substantial portion and around at least a portion of the ceramic end plug. At least one discharge vessel having a ceramic wall and closed by a ceramic plug and connected to a niobium current conductor by a lead-through element projecting into the ceramic plug in a tightly attached state. The electrode feed-through means including a tungsten electrode,
On the other hand, it is airtightly connected by the sealing ceramic, and
Forming a cermet in the region being hermetically connected, having a part formed from aluminum and molybdenum;
The lamp according to claim 4. The discharge vessel has a ceramic wall and is closed by a ceramic plug,
The electrode feedthrough means including at least one tungsten electrode connected to the niobium current conductor by a leadthrough element projecting into the rigidly attached ceramic plug,
On the other hand, it is airtightly connected by the sealing ceramic, and
A first part formed of aluminum and molybdenum, which forms a cermet in the region which is connected in a gas-tight manner, and a second part which is a metal part and extends from the cermet in the direction of the electrode. ,
The lamp according to claim 4. 7. The lamp of claim 6, wherein the metal part is part of a molybdenum rod. 5. The lamp of claim 4, wherein the arc tube having an inner length IL and an inner diameter ID has an aspect ratio (IL / ID) in a range from about 3.3 to about 6.2. Said electrode has a tip extension in the range of from about 0.2 to about 0.5 mm, i.e., the cermet comprises at least about 35 wt.% Of Mo, and the remainder is Al ₂ O _3, and the sealing 7. The lamp according to claim 5, wherein a flow of a stop ceramic completely covers the Nb connector. The arc tube and the electrode feedthrough means may have the following features for a given lamp power:
10. The lamp according to claim 9, comprising: The metal halide is, NaI is 6 to 25 wt%, TlI is 5~6 wt%, CaI ₂ is 34~37 wt%, DyI ₃ is 11~18 wt%, HoI ₃ is 11 to 18 wt%, is TmI ₃ 11. The lamp of claim 10, having 11-18 wt% salt. 12. The lamp of claim 11, wherein the ionizable filler is a mixture of about 99.99% xenon and a minor amount of a Kr-85 radioactive gas. 12. The lamp of claim 11, wherein the ionizable filler is from one or more of a noble gas such as neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. 12. The lamp according to claim 11, wherein the ionizable filler is xenon. It has an output range of about 150W to 1000W and 100V to 263V, and has the following features: lumen maintenance rate of more than 80%, color temperature change of less than 200K in 100 to 10,000 hours, and life of 10,000 to about 25,000 hours 13. The lamp according to claims 1, 4 and 12, comprising one or more of: Around the discharge vessel, having a discharge vessel having a molybdenum coil wound around at least a part of the electrode feedthrough means, and
A discharge lamp having an output range of about 150W to about 1000W, and having a ceramic discharge vessel enclosing a discharge space,
The discharge vessel is in the discharge space,
An ionizable substance having a metal halide;
First and second discharge electrode feed-through means,
A discharge lamp including first and second current conductors respectively connected to the first and second discharge electrode feedthrough means,
A design space consisting of parameters for the design and structure of
The design space has the following parameters:
(i) a length, a diameter, of the arc tube of the discharge lamp, which correlates with and is expressed as a function of lamp power and / or color temperature and / or lamp voltage; And wall thickness limits,
(ii) correlating with a function of the lamp current, and expressed as this function, the limit value of the electrode feedthrough structure used to conduct current while suppressing thermal strain on the arc tube; ,
A design space that includes at least one of If the parameter is
(i) a general aspect ratio of the inner length (IL) to the inner diameter (ID) of the arc tube body, which is higher than an aspect ratio of a ceramic metal halide lamp having an output of less than about 150 W;
(ii) upper and lower limits of the diameter of the electrode rod, which are correlated with and expressed as a function of the lamp current,
(iii) correlating with a function of color temperature and lamp voltage, and expressed as this function, the composition range of the salt,
17. The design space according to claim 16, further comprising: The design parameters are the following features of the design of the arc tube and the electrode feedthrough means for a given lamp power:
18. The design space according to claim 17, comprising: