JP2004358829A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing sheet - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for manufacturing sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004358829A
JP2004358829A JP2003160472A JP2003160472A JP2004358829A JP 2004358829 A JP2004358829 A JP 2004358829A JP 2003160472 A JP2003160472 A JP 2003160472A JP 2003160472 A JP2003160472 A JP 2003160472A JP 2004358829 A JP2004358829 A JP 2004358829A
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Prior art keywords
thickness
output
sheet
value
operation amount
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JP2003160472A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hajime Hirata
肇 平田
Yasuhiro Nakai
康博 中井
Masatsugu Uehara
正嗣 上原
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Priority to JP2003160472A priority Critical patent/JP2004358829A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92114Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92152Thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92438Conveying, transporting or storage of articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92609Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92647Thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92904Die; Nozzle zone

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a sheet having a good shape as a product roll. <P>SOLUTION: When a thickness distribution is controlled by calculating control inputs for thickness adjusting means on the basis of the measured value of the thickness distribution in the width direction of the sheet and outputting either one of output candidate values taking predetermined discrete values based on the control inputs to the thickness adjusting means as an output value, the output value is determined so that the absolute of the integrated value of the differences between the control inputs and the output values at every output becomes small. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、フィルムなどシートの製造方法およびシートの厚み制御装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図1は、一般的なシートの製造設備全体概略構成を示す図であり、図2は、図1に示す口金の要部拡大斜視図である。(特許文献1、特許文献2参照)
押出機2より押し出された重合体は、口金3から口金幅方向に押し出されてシート1が成形される。シート1は、延伸機5により縦(シート走行方向)、横方向(シート幅方向すなわち紙面に垂直な方向)に延伸されて、巻取機6に巻き取られる。巻き取られたシートは所定の幅、長さにスリットされて複数の製品ロールとなる。
【0003】
シート1が巻取機6で巻き取られる前に、厚み測定器7によって、シート1の幅方向の厚みを測定する。
【0004】
制御手段(厚み制御装置)8は、上記シート1の厚み測定値に基づいて、図2の厚み調整手段10を制御し、シートの厚みを調整する。制御手段8は、目標とする厚み値と測定値の差に基づいて厚み調整手段10を制御すべき操作量を演算し、演算した操作量を操作手段9に出力する。操作手段9は制御手段8から出力された出力値に従って厚み調整手段10を操作する。
【0005】
厚み調整手段10は、口金3に幅方向に等間隔に複数個配設されており、シートの厚みを調整する手段としては、厚み調整手段10にヒートボルトを用い、これらのボルトに操作手段9より電力を与えてボルトの温度を変化させて、ボルトを熱膨張、収縮させることにより口金3の間隙11を調整するヒートボルト方式や、厚み調整手段10にリップヒーターを用い、これらのヒーターに操作手段9より電力を与えて重合体の温度を変化させて重合体の粘性率の変化により口金3から押し出される重合体の押し出し量を変えることによりシート1の厚みを調整するリップヒーター方式や、ボルトに結合したステッピングモータを操作手段9によって回転させて口金3の間隙11を調整するモータ方式などがある。
【0006】
これら厚み調整手段10の実際に出力可能な出力値(出力候補値)は厚み調整手段10または操作手段9の構造的制約によって決まる最小分解能(最小出力値間隔)ごとに離散的な値をとる。例えば、ヒートボルト方式やリップヒーター方式の場合の電力の与え方として一般的な時間比例方式では、一定時間周期内で通電ON/OFFの割合を変化させて電力量を変化させるが、周波数50Hzの商用電源を用いる場合、ゼロクロス間隔である10msec単位で通電ON/OFFする。したがって、一定時間周期を10秒とした場合、最小分解能は10msec/10秒=0.1%となる。また、モータ方式ではステッピングモーターの1ステップの角度でボルト回転の最小分解能が定められ、これが厚み調整手段の最小分解能となる。
【0007】
このため、図3に示すように、制御手段8では操作量演算手段12でj番目の厚み調整手段に対するn回目の操作量X を演算し、これを操作量出力手段13で厚み調整手段の出力候補値のいずれか最も操作量X に近い値である出力値Y に丸めて操作手段9に出力し、厚み調整手段10を操作する。
【0008】
しかし、本発明者らの知見によれば、このようなシートの製造方法においては、厚み調整手段の最小分解能より小さな調整量を丸めて事実上無視するため誤差が累積することによって、シート幅方向にわずかな厚みムラが時間を経るにしたがって累積的に残り、これが積層されたシートロールにて図5に示すような巻きこぶ22が発生することがある。
【0009】
すなわち、シートの製造開始後長時間を経過してプロセスが安定するにしたがって、制御手段で演算する操作量の変化は徐々に減少し、やがて制御手段の出力が出力候補値の少し上または下の値をとることが続き、丸め操作は切り捨てまたは切り上げが連続するようになる。丸め操作による操作量と出力値の違いによって発生する厚みの誤差はシート1枚についてはわずかであるが、ロールを製造する間、切り捨てまたは切り上げが連続すると、シートが数千回〜数万回積層されたロールには巻きこぶが発生してしまうのである。
【0010】
【特許文献1】
特許第2520446号公報
【0011】
【特許文献2】
特開平8−267536号公報
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、従来の技術の上記問題点を解決し、長時間の安定した製膜プロセスにあっても形状が良好な製品ロールを製造することができるシートの製造方法および厚み制御装置を提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明によれば、複数個の厚み調整手段を備えたダイを用いて重合体をシート状に押し出し、成形して所望の厚みのシートとなすとともに、そのシートの幅方向の厚み分布を測定し、測定値に基づいて前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量を演算し、該操作量に基づいて所定の離散的な値をとる出力候補値のいずれかを出力値として前記厚み調整手段に出力して前記シートの幅方向の厚み分布を制御するシートの製造方法であって、出力の各回の前記操作量と前記出力値との差の積算値の絶対値が小さくなるように前記出力値を決定することを特徴とするシートの製造方法が提供される。
【0014】
また、本発明の好ましい形態によれば、前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量のうちj番目の厚み調整手段に対応するn(n≧1)回目の操作量X 、該操作量に基づく出力値Y に対して、前記所定の出力候補値の間隔を2ε(ε>0)としたとき、
【0015】
【数3】

Figure 2004358829
【0016】
を満たすようにY を決定することを特徴とするシートの製造方法が提供される。
【0017】
また、本発明の別の形態によれば、複数個の厚み調整手段を備えたダイを用いて重合体をシート状に押し出してなしたシートの幅方向の厚み分布の測定値に基づいて前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量を演算する操作量演算手段と、該操作量演算手段の出力に基づいて所定の離散的な値をとる出力候補値のいずれかを出力値として前記厚み調整手段に出力する操作量量子化手段と、を備えたシートの厚み制御装置であって、前記操作量量子化手段は、出力の各回の前記操作量と前記出力値との差の積算値の絶対値が小さくなるように前記出力値を決定するものであることを特徴とするシートの厚み制御装置が提供される。
【0018】
また、本発明の好ましい形態によれば、前記操作量量子化手段は、前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量のうちj番目の厚み調整手段に対応するn(n≧1)回目の操作量X 、該操作量に基づく出力値Y に対して、前記所定の出力候補値の間隔を2ε(ε>0)としたとき、
【0019】
【数4】
Figure 2004358829
【0020】
を満たすようにY を決定するものであることを特徴とするシートの厚み制御装置が提供される。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に図を引用しながら本発明をプラスチックフィルムの製造方法に適用した実施形態例に基づいて説明する。
【0022】
繰り返し説明するが、図1は、一般的なシートの製造設備の全体概略構成を示す図であり、図2は、図3に示す口金3の要部拡大斜視図である。
【0023】
このシートの製造設備は、重合体を押し出す押出機2と、押し出された重合体をシート状に成形する口金3、前記シート状に成形された重合体(以下シート1という)を冷却する冷却ロール4、シート1を縦横方向に延伸する延伸機5、延伸されたシート1を巻き取る巻取機6を備えている。口金3は、シート1の幅方向(図の紙面に垂直な方向)に配列された多数の厚み調整手段10と重合体を吐出する間隙11を備えている。さらにこのシートの製造設備は、シートの幅方向に厚み分布を測定する厚み測定器7と、前記厚み分布に基づいて厚み調整手段を制御する制御手段8、制御手段からの出力値にしたがって厚み調整手段10を操作する操作手段9を備えている。
【0024】
厚み測定器7としては、β線、X線、紫外線、光干渉式を利用したもの等、任意の厚み測定器を用いることができ、所望の周期でシートの幅方向に対して走行しながら一定間隔で測定することが望ましい。
【0025】
制御手段8は厚み計7での厚み測定値およびあらかじめ定められた目標厚み値に基づいて、それぞれの厚み調整手段を操作すべき量、すなわち操作量を演算する。操作量を演算する方法としては、PID制御またはPI制御や数学的モデルを利用した現代制御に基づく演算方法を用いることができる。
【0026】
また、操作量を演算する前に厚み測定値と目標厚み値との差である偏差データに対してフィルタ処理を行うことが好ましい。すなわち、厚み測定値には、厚み調整手段の配置間隔よりも細かい厚み分布や、厚み調整手段の応答よりも速く変化する厚み分布が含まれており、これらは厚み調整手段を操作しても調整できないため、あらかじめ取り除いておくことで余計な調整操作を防ぐことができる。フィルタ処理としては、シートの幅方向と同じ方向に移動平均処理することや、現時点以前の偏差データとの間で荷重平均処理する手法などを用いることができる。
【0027】
さらに、シートの幅方向に配設された厚み調整手段10の数は、前記偏差データの数と異なる場合が多い。このような場合は、前記フィルタ処理された偏差データから、各厚み調整手段に対応するデータを採取する。このとき、各々の厚み調整手段10と偏差データの対応関係を予め求めておくことが望ましい。
【0028】
制御手段(厚み制御装置)8で演算された操作量は、厚み調整手段10の最小分解能に丸めた出力値として操作手段9に出力される。ここで、厚み調整手段10の最小分解能とは前述のように厚み調整手段固有の分解能と、制御手段固有の分解能(区別して出力可能な静的な値(出力候補値)の最小間隔)と、操作手段固有の分解能との効果をあわせて現実に得られる出力の分解能に相当する厚み調整手段の出力候補値の間隔をいう。同様に、制御手段の最小分解能は、厚み調整手段の最小分解能に対応する制御手段の出力候補値の間隔をいう。したがって、厚み調整手段固有の最小分解能、制御手段固有の分解能および操作手段固有の分解能の組み合わせによって、制御手段等の最小分解能がその時の出力値によって変動することもあり得る(たとえば、操作手段がディジタル回路を用いたもののため出力が離散的であり、厚み調整手段がステッピングモーターを用いたものなので出力が離散的であり、それぞれの固有の最小分解能が1:N(Nは自然数)の関係にない場合などがある)。また、厚み調整手段等の非線形性などに起因する変動もあり得る。
【0029】
操作手段9は出力値に基づいて厚み制御手段10の各々を操作する。厚み制御手段は、例えば口金3の対応する位置の間隙11を変化させたり、リップの温度を変化させ、これによってシートの厚みを調整する。
【0030】
次に本実施形態における出力値の決定方法について、図4を用いて説明する。
【0031】
制御手段8は、上記のように厚み測定値に基づいてj番目の厚み調整手段に対するn回目(n≧1)の操作量X を演算する操作量演算手段12と、厚み調整手段の最小分解能に丸めた出力値Y を出力する操作量出力手段13、制御開始からの操作量X と出力値Y (k=1、…、n−1)との差の積算値を記録する積算手段14から構成され、
【0032】
【数5】
Figure 2004358829
【0033】
で表される操作量と出力値との差の積算値の絶対値Sが最小になるように出力値Y を決定する。本実施形態において、操作量出力手段13と積算手段14と操作手段9とをあわせたものが本発明の操作量量子化手段に該当する。
【0034】
操作量出力の丸め(量子化)操作としていわゆる四捨五入を行う場合は、厚み調整手段の最小分解能を2εとして
【0035】
【数6】
Figure 2004358829
【0036】
もしくは上式を書き換えて
【0037】
【数7】
Figure 2004358829
【0038】
を満たす出力値Y を決定することが好ましい。
【0039】
従来の出力値Y の決定方法では、操作量演算毎に操作量X に対して丸め操作を行うため、丸め操作による切り上げまたは切り捨てが連続すると、丸め操作による誤差、すなわち操作量と出力値の差(X −Y )の符号が同じになるため、その積算値の絶対値は徐々に大きくなる。このため、1回の丸め操作による誤差はシート厚みの誤差として無視できるほど小さいとしても、例えばロール1本分の製膜の間に数十〜数百回の丸め操作による誤差が積算されることで無視できない値になり、結果として巻きこぶが発生してしまう場合があった。
【0040】
一方、本実施形態による出力値Y の決定方法では、丸め操作による誤差、すなわち操作量と出力値の差(X −Y )の積算値の絶対値が最小になるように出力値Y を決定するため、丸め操作による切り上げまたは切り捨てが連続しても、その積算値の絶対値は厚み調整手段の最小分解能2εに対してε以下に押さえられ、結果として巻きこぶの発生を防止できる。
【0041】
また、本発明によれば、厚み調整手段の最小分解能よりも実質的に小さな分解能で厚み調整手段を細かく制御できる。厚み調整手段の最小分解能を小さくするために、インバータ等を用いてゼロクロス時間間隔を1msec以下のように短くして分解能を高めるとか、厚み調整手段の厚み調整レンジを小さくして分解能を高めるといった工夫でも同様の効果を得ることができる。もちろん、本発明に加えて上記のような工夫を加えてもよい。しかしながら、インバータを用いる方式は、常時高い分解能を得ることができる反面、一般に商用電源を用いるよりも設備が高価になりやすい。厚み調整レンジを小さくすると製膜開始時の大きな厚みムラを調整できない可能性がある。したがって、本発明をこれらの工夫と組み合わせることは排除しないが、単独でも上記工夫にない特徴があるといえる。
【0042】
【実施例】
ここで、本実施形態を用いてシートを製造した実施例について説明する。
【0043】
図1に示すシートの製造設備を用いて、厚さ6.0μmのポリエステルフィルムを製造した。製膜幅は4.8m、製膜速度は製品部で160m/分である。厚み調整手段10はカートリッジヒーターを内蔵したボルトを熱的に膨張収縮させてギャップ11を調整するヒートボルト方式を用い、厚み制御に使用するヒートボルトの数は60本とした。
【0044】
ヒートボルトの加熱は時間比例方式を用い、周波数50Hzの商用電源を10秒周期毎にゼロクロス間隔である10msec単位で通電ON/OFFする。操作量は10秒周期の内の通電ONの時間の割合として演算し、この場合の最小分解能10msec/10秒=0.1%単位に丸めた値を出力値として厚み調整手段10に出力した。
【0045】
厚み計8としては光の干渉現象を利用した光干渉式厚み計を使用した。この厚み計は、フィルムの幅方向に60秒の周期でスキャンしながら、フィルムの幅方向に対して10mm間隔でフィルム厚みを測定する。また、制御を行うタイミングは、厚み計のスキャン周期と同じ60秒とする。また、操作量を演算する制御方式はPI制御を用いた。
【0046】
製膜が充分安定した後に制御ゲインを小さく(比例定数を小さく、積分時間を長く)した後に、最初に従来方法で一つの製品ロールを製造し、その後に本発明の方法を用いて別のロールを製造した。
【0047】
表1に各ロールの製造中の制御回数毎の23番ボルトの操作量(%)と出力値(%)を示す。従来方法では、演算した操作量に対して丸め操作によって全て切り捨てられた出力値になっているのに対し、本発明による方法では丸め操作による操作量と出力値との誤差が最小になるように、数回に1回の割合で切り上げられた出力値になった。
【0048】
【表1】
Figure 2004358829
【0049】
製造したロールの外径プロファイルを測定した結果、従来方法で製造したロールは23番ボルトに対応する位置に約20μmの巻きこぶがあったが、本発明による方法では5μm以下であった。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明によるシートの製造方法では、演算により得られた厚み調整手段への操作量と現実の出力値との差の積算値の絶対値が小さくなるように出力値を決定するので、実施例からも明らかなように、操作量を厚み調整手段の最小分解能へ丸める操作による誤差の積算によって発生する巻きこぶがなく、所望の外径プロファイルをもった製品ロールを製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態例におけるシートの製造設備の全体概略構成を示す図である。
【図2】図1に示す口金の要部拡大斜視図である。
【図3】従来方法による、操作量と出力値の関係を示すブロック図である。
【図4】本発明の一実施形態例による、操作量と出力値の関係を示すブロック図である。
【図5】巻きこぶが発生している製品ロールの側面図である。
【符号の説明】
1:シート
2:押出機
3:口金
4:冷却ロール
5:延伸機
6:巻取機
7:厚み計
8:制御手段
9:操作手段
10:厚み調整手段
11:間隙
12:操作量演算手段
13:操作量出力手段
14:積算手段
20:製品ロール
21:紙管
22:巻きこぶ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a sheet such as a film and a sheet thickness control device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the general schematic configuration of a general sheet manufacturing facility, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of the die shown in FIG. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2)
The polymer extruded from the extruder 2 is extruded from the die 3 in the die width direction to form the sheet 1. The sheet 1 is stretched by a stretching machine 5 in a vertical direction (sheet running direction) and a horizontal direction (a sheet width direction, that is, a direction perpendicular to the paper surface), and is wound by a winder 6. The wound sheet is slit into a predetermined width and length to form a plurality of product rolls.
[0003]
Before the sheet 1 is wound by the winder 6, the thickness of the sheet 1 in the width direction is measured by the thickness measuring device 7.
[0004]
The control means (thickness control device) 8 controls the thickness adjusting means 10 in FIG. 2 based on the measured thickness of the sheet 1 to adjust the thickness of the sheet. The control unit 8 calculates an operation amount for controlling the thickness adjusting unit 10 based on the difference between the target thickness value and the measured value, and outputs the calculated operation amount to the operation unit 9. The operating means 9 operates the thickness adjusting means 10 according to the output value output from the control means 8.
[0005]
A plurality of thickness adjusting means 10 are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction of the base 3. As means for adjusting the thickness of the sheet, heat bolts are used for the thickness adjusting means 10, and operating means 9 are used for these bolts. A heat bolt method in which the gap 11 of the base 3 is adjusted by thermally expanding and contracting the bolt by giving more power to change the temperature of the bolt, or using a lip heater as the thickness adjusting means 10 and operating these heaters A lip heater system for adjusting the thickness of the sheet 1 by changing the temperature of the polymer by applying power from the means 9 and changing the amount of the polymer extruded from the base 3 by changing the viscosity of the polymer; There is a motor system that adjusts the gap 11 of the base 3 by rotating the stepping motor coupled to the operation unit 9 by the operation means 9.
[0006]
The output values (output candidate values) that can be actually output from the thickness adjusting means 10 take discrete values for each minimum resolution (minimum output value interval) determined by the structural restriction of the thickness adjusting means 10 or the operating means 9. For example, in a general time proportional method as a method of supplying power in the case of the heat bolt method or the lip heater method, the amount of power is changed by changing the energization ON / OFF ratio within a fixed time period. When a commercial power supply is used, the power is turned ON / OFF in units of 10 msec, which is the zero-cross interval. Therefore, when the fixed time period is 10 seconds, the minimum resolution is 10 msec / 10 seconds = 0.1%. In the motor system, the minimum resolution of the bolt rotation is determined by the angle of one step of the stepping motor, and this is the minimum resolution of the thickness adjusting means.
[0007]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, in the control means 8, the operation amount calculating means 12 calculates the n-th operation amount X j n for the j-th thickness adjusting means, and the operation amount output means 13 calculates the thickness X adjusting means. Is rounded to an output value Y j n which is the value closest to the operation amount X j n , output to the operation means 9, and the thickness adjustment means 10 is operated.
[0008]
However, according to the findings of the present inventors, in such a sheet manufacturing method, since an adjustment amount smaller than the minimum resolution of the thickness adjusting means is rounded and virtually ignored, errors accumulate, and thus the sheet width direction is reduced. The thickness unevenness slightly accumulates as time passes, and the bumps 22 as shown in FIG.
[0009]
That is, as the process stabilizes after a long time has passed since the start of sheet production, the change in the manipulated variable calculated by the control means gradually decreases, and the output of the control means eventually becomes slightly higher or lower than the output candidate value. Taking the value continues, and the rounding operation becomes rounded down or up. The thickness error caused by the difference between the operation amount and the output value due to the rounding operation is slight for one sheet, but when the roll is continuously cut off or rounded up during manufacture, the sheet is stacked several thousand to tens of thousands of times. Rolled bumps will occur on the roll that has been set.
[0010]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2,520,446
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-267536
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to provide a sheet manufacturing method and a thickness control device capable of manufacturing a product roll having a good shape even in a long-term stable film forming process. To provide.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a polymer is extruded into a sheet shape using a die having a plurality of thickness adjusting means, and formed into a sheet having a desired thickness. A thickness distribution in the width direction is measured, and an operation amount for each of the thickness adjusting means is calculated based on the measured value, and one of output candidate values taking a predetermined discrete value based on the operation amount is output value. A method of manufacturing a sheet for controlling the thickness distribution in the width direction of the sheet by outputting to the thickness adjusting means, wherein an absolute value of an integrated value of a difference between the operation amount and an output value of each output is small. A method for manufacturing a sheet is provided, wherein the output value is determined as follows.
[0014]
Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, of the operation amounts for each of the thickness adjusting units, the n-th (n ≧ 1) -th operation amount X j n corresponding to the j-th thickness adjusting unit is based on the operation amount. When the interval between the predetermined output candidate values is 2ε (ε> 0) with respect to the output value Y j n ,
[0015]
[Equation 3]
Figure 2004358829
[0016]
And determining a value of Y j n so as to satisfy the following condition.
[0017]
According to another aspect of the present invention, the thickness is determined based on a measured value of a thickness distribution in a width direction of a sheet formed by extruding a polymer into a sheet using a die having a plurality of thickness adjusting means. An operation amount calculation unit that calculates an operation amount for each of the adjustment units; and an output candidate value that takes a predetermined discrete value based on an output of the operation amount calculation unit, and outputs one of the output candidate values to the thickness adjustment unit. Operation amount quantizing means, wherein the absolute value of the integrated value of the difference between the operation amount and the output value of each output is small. And a sheet thickness control device for determining the output value.
[0018]
Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation amount quantizing means includes an n (n ≧ 1) th operation amount X corresponding to the j-th thickness adjusting means among the operation amounts for each of the thickness adjusting means. j n , with respect to an output value Y j n based on the manipulated variable, when the interval between the predetermined output candidate values is 2ε (ε> 0),
[0019]
(Equation 4)
Figure 2004358829
[0020]
Y j n is determined so as to satisfy the following condition.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings based on an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a method for manufacturing a plastic film.
[0022]
As will be described repeatedly, FIG. 1 is a view showing an overall schematic configuration of a general sheet manufacturing facility, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of a base 3 shown in FIG.
[0023]
The sheet manufacturing equipment includes an extruder 2 for extruding a polymer, a die 3 for forming the extruded polymer into a sheet, and a cooling roll for cooling the polymer formed into a sheet (hereinafter referred to as sheet 1). 4, a stretching machine 5 for stretching the sheet 1 in the vertical and horizontal directions, and a winding machine 6 for winding the stretched sheet 1. The base 3 includes a number of thickness adjusting means 10 arranged in the width direction of the sheet 1 (a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) and a gap 11 for discharging the polymer. Further, the sheet manufacturing equipment includes a thickness measuring device 7 for measuring the thickness distribution in the width direction of the sheet, a control means 8 for controlling the thickness adjusting means based on the thickness distribution, and a thickness adjustment in accordance with an output value from the control means. An operating means 9 for operating the means 10 is provided.
[0024]
As the thickness measuring device 7, an arbitrary thickness measuring device such as a device using a β-ray, an X-ray, an ultraviolet ray, or an optical interference method can be used. It is desirable to measure at intervals.
[0025]
The control means 8 calculates the amounts by which the respective thickness adjusting means should be operated, that is, the operation amounts, based on the thickness measured by the thickness meter 7 and the predetermined target thickness value. As a method of calculating the operation amount, a calculation method based on modern control using PID control or PI control or a mathematical model can be used.
[0026]
Further, it is preferable to perform a filtering process on deviation data that is a difference between the thickness measurement value and the target thickness value before calculating the operation amount. That is, the thickness measurement value includes a thickness distribution finer than the arrangement interval of the thickness adjusting unit and a thickness distribution that changes faster than the response of the thickness adjusting unit, and these are adjusted even when the thickness adjusting unit is operated. Since it is impossible, unnecessary adjustment operation can be prevented by removing in advance. As the filtering process, a moving average process in the same direction as the width direction of the sheet, a method of performing a load averaging process with the deviation data before the current time, or the like can be used.
[0027]
Further, the number of the thickness adjusting means 10 arranged in the width direction of the sheet is often different from the number of the deviation data. In such a case, data corresponding to each thickness adjusting means is collected from the filtered deviation data. At this time, it is desirable to previously obtain the correspondence between each thickness adjusting means 10 and the deviation data.
[0028]
The operation amount calculated by the control unit (thickness control device) 8 is output to the operation unit 9 as an output value rounded to the minimum resolution of the thickness adjustment unit 10. Here, the minimum resolution of the thickness adjusting means 10 is, as described above, a resolution unique to the thickness adjusting means, a resolution unique to the control means (minimum interval between static values (output candidate values) that can be output separately), and It refers to the interval between the output candidate values of the thickness adjusting means, which corresponds to the resolution of the output actually obtained in combination with the resolution inherent in the operating means. Similarly, the minimum resolution of the control means refers to an interval between output candidate values of the control means corresponding to the minimum resolution of the thickness adjusting means. Therefore, the minimum resolution of the control means and the like may fluctuate depending on the output value at that time due to the combination of the minimum resolution inherent to the thickness adjusting means, the resolution inherent to the control means, and the resolution inherent to the operation means (for example, when the operation means is digital). Since the circuit uses a circuit, the output is discrete. Since the thickness adjusting means uses a stepping motor, the output is discrete, and the respective minimum resolutions do not have a relationship of 1: N (N is a natural number). And so on). In addition, there may be fluctuation due to non-linearity of the thickness adjusting means and the like.
[0029]
The operation means 9 operates each of the thickness control means 10 based on the output value. The thickness control means changes, for example, the gap 11 at the corresponding position of the base 3 or the temperature of the lip, thereby adjusting the thickness of the sheet.
[0030]
Next, a method of determining an output value in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
[0031]
The control unit 8 calculates the n-th (n ≧ 1) operation amount X j n for the j-th thickness adjustment unit based on the thickness measurement value as described above, and the minimum of the thickness adjustment unit. manipulated variable output means 13 outputs an output value Y j n rounded to the resolution, the operation amount from the control start X j k and the output values Y j k (k = 1, ..., n-1) cumulative value of the difference between Is constituted by integrating means 14 for recording
[0032]
(Equation 5)
Figure 2004358829
[0033]
The output value Y j n is determined so that the absolute value S of the integrated value of the difference between the manipulated variable and the output value represented by becomes the minimum. In this embodiment, the combination of the manipulated variable output means 13, the integrating means 14, and the manipulation means 9 corresponds to the manipulated variable quantization means of the present invention.
[0034]
When rounding (quantization) is performed as a rounding (quantization) operation of the manipulated variable output, the minimum resolution of the thickness adjusting means is set to 2ε.
(Equation 6)
Figure 2004358829
[0036]
Or rewriting the above equation
(Equation 7)
Figure 2004358829
[0038]
It is preferable to determine an output value Y j n that satisfies the following.
[0039]
In the conventional method of determining the output value Y j n, a rounding operation is performed on the operation amount X j n for each operation amount calculation. Therefore, if rounding up or down by the rounding operation is continuous, an error due to the rounding operation, that is, an operation amount since the sign of the difference between the output value (X j n -Y j n) is the same, the absolute value of the integrated value gradually increases. For this reason, even if an error due to one rounding operation is negligibly small as an error of the sheet thickness, for example, an error due to tens to hundreds of rounding operations is accumulated during film formation for one roll. In some cases, the value could not be ignored, and as a result, bumps might occur.
[0040]
On the other hand, in the method for determining the output values Y j n of the present embodiment, error due to rounding, i.e. such that the absolute value of the integrated value of the difference of an operation amount and the output value (X j n -Y j n) is minimized to determine the output value Y j n, even continuously rounded up or down by rounding, the absolute value of the integrated values is suppressed below ε for the minimum resolution 2ε thickness adjusting means, as a result turns of kelp Occurrence can be prevented.
[0041]
Further, according to the present invention, the thickness adjusting means can be finely controlled with a resolution substantially smaller than the minimum resolution of the thickness adjusting means. In order to reduce the minimum resolution of the thickness adjustment means, the resolution is increased by shortening the zero-crossing time interval to 1 msec or less using an inverter or the like, or the resolution is increased by reducing the thickness adjustment range of the thickness adjustment means. However, the same effect can be obtained. Of course, the above-described device may be added in addition to the present invention. However, the method using an inverter can always obtain high resolution, but generally tends to be more expensive than using a commercial power supply. If the thickness adjustment range is reduced, large thickness unevenness at the start of film formation may not be adjusted. Therefore, it is not excluded that the present invention is combined with these measures, but it can be said that the present invention has features that are not in the above measures.
[0042]
【Example】
Here, an example in which a sheet is manufactured using this embodiment will be described.
[0043]
Using the sheet manufacturing equipment shown in FIG. 1, a 6.0 μm thick polyester film was manufactured. The film forming width is 4.8 m, and the film forming speed is 160 m / min in the product part. The thickness adjusting means 10 employs a heat bolt method in which a gap 11 is adjusted by thermally expanding and contracting a bolt containing a cartridge heater, and the number of heat bolts used for thickness control is 60.
[0044]
The heating of the heat bolt is performed in a time proportional manner, and a commercial power supply having a frequency of 50 Hz is turned ON / OFF at intervals of 10 msec, which is a zero-cross interval, every 10 seconds. The operation amount was calculated as a ratio of the energization ON time in a 10-second cycle, and a value rounded to a minimum resolution of 10 msec / 10 seconds = 0.1% in this case was output to the thickness adjusting means 10 as an output value.
[0045]
As the thickness gauge 8, an optical interference type thickness gauge utilizing a light interference phenomenon was used. The thickness meter measures the film thickness at intervals of 10 mm in the width direction of the film while scanning the film in the width direction of the film at a cycle of 60 seconds. The control is performed at a timing of 60 seconds, which is the same as the scan cycle of the thickness gauge. Further, PI control was used as a control method for calculating the operation amount.
[0046]
After the film formation is sufficiently stable, the control gain is reduced (the proportionality constant is reduced and the integration time is increased), and then one product roll is first manufactured by the conventional method, and then another product roll is manufactured using the method of the present invention. Was manufactured.
[0047]
Table 1 shows the operation amount (%) and output value (%) of the 23rd volt for each control number during the production of each roll. In the conventional method, the calculated operation amount is an output value that is all truncated by the rounding operation. On the other hand, in the method according to the present invention, the error between the operation amount due to the rounding operation and the output value is minimized. The output value was rounded up once every several times.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004358829
[0049]
As a result of measuring the outer diameter profile of the manufactured roll, the roll manufactured by the conventional method had a bump of about 20 μm at a position corresponding to the No. 23 bolt, but was less than 5 μm by the method according to the present invention.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
In the sheet manufacturing method according to the present invention, the output value is determined such that the absolute value of the integrated value of the difference between the operation amount to the thickness adjustment unit obtained by the calculation and the actual output value is reduced, so that the embodiment will be described. As is clear, it is possible to manufacture a product roll having a desired outer diameter profile without any bumps generated due to the accumulation of errors due to the operation of rounding the operation amount to the minimum resolution of the thickness adjusting means.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall schematic configuration of a sheet manufacturing facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of the base shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a relationship between an operation amount and an output value according to a conventional method.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a relationship between an operation amount and an output value according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a product roll having a bump.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: sheet 2: extruder 3: die 4: cooling roll 5: stretching machine 6: winder 7: thickness gauge 8: control means 9: operating means 10: thickness adjusting means 11: gap 12: operating amount calculating means 13 : Manipulated variable output means 14: integrating means 20: product roll 21: paper tube 22: winding

Claims (4)

複数個の厚み調整手段を備えたダイを用いて重合体をシート状に押し出し、成形して所望の厚みのシートとなすとともに、そのシートの幅方向の厚み分布を測定し、測定値に基づいて前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量を演算し、該操作量に基づいて所定の離散的な値をとる出力候補値のいずれかを出力値として前記厚み調整手段に出力して前記シートの幅方向の厚み分布を制御するシートの製造方法であって、出力の各回の前記操作量と前記出力値との差の積算値の絶対値が小さくなるように前記出力値を決定することを特徴とするシートの製造方法。The polymer is extruded into a sheet shape using a die having a plurality of thickness adjusting means, and formed into a sheet having a desired thickness, and the thickness distribution in the width direction of the sheet is measured, and based on the measured value. An operation amount for each of the thickness adjusting units is calculated, and one of output candidate values that takes a predetermined discrete value based on the operation amount is output to the thickness adjusting unit as an output value, and the sheet width direction is output. A method for manufacturing a sheet for controlling the thickness distribution of the sheet, wherein the output value is determined such that the absolute value of the integrated value of the difference between the manipulated value of each output and the output value is reduced. Sheet manufacturing method. 前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量のうちj番目の厚み調整手段に対応するn(n≧1)回目の操作量X 、該操作量に基づく出力値Y に対して、前記所定の出力候補値の間隔を2ε(ε>0)としたとき、
Figure 2004358829
を満たすようにY を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシートの製造方法。
For the n-th (n ≧ 1) operation amount X j n corresponding to the j-th thickness adjustment unit among the operation amounts for each of the thickness adjustment units, and the output value Y j n based on the operation amount, Is 2ε (ε> 0), the interval between the output candidate values of
Figure 2004358829
The method according to claim 1, wherein Y j n is determined so as to satisfy the following condition.
複数個の厚み調整手段を備えたダイを用いて重合体をシート状に押し出してなしたシートの幅方向の厚み分布の測定値に基づいて前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量を演算する操作量演算手段と、該操作量演算手段の出力に基づいて所定の離散的な値をとる出力候補値のいずれかを出力値として前記厚み調整手段に出力する操作量量子化手段と、を備えたシートの厚み制御装置であって、前記操作量量子化手段は、出力の各回の前記操作量と前記出力値との差の積算値の絶対値が小さくなるように前記出力値を決定するものであることを特徴とするシートの厚み制御装置。An operation amount for calculating an operation amount for each of the thickness adjusting units based on a measured value of a thickness distribution in a width direction of a sheet formed by extruding the polymer into a sheet shape using a die having a plurality of thickness adjusting units. A sheet comprising: an operation unit; and an operation amount quantization unit that outputs to the thickness adjustment unit any one of output candidate values that take a predetermined discrete value based on an output of the operation amount operation unit. Wherein the manipulated variable quantization means determines the output value such that the absolute value of the integrated value of the difference between the manipulated variable and the output value of each output becomes small. A sheet thickness control device, characterized in that: 前記操作量量子化手段は、前記厚み調整手段の各々に対する操作量のうちj番目の厚み調整手段に対応するn(n≧1)回目の操作量X 、該操作量に基づく出力値Y に対して、前記所定の出力候補値の間隔を2ε(ε>0)としたとき、
Figure 2004358829
を満たすようにY を決定するものであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシートの厚み制御装置。
The operation amount quantizing means includes an n (n ≧ 1) th operation amount X j n corresponding to the j-th thickness adjusting means among the operation amounts for each of the thickness adjusting means, and an output value Y based on the operation amount. j n , when the interval between the predetermined output candidate values is 2ε (ε> 0),
Figure 2004358829
The sheet thickness control device according to claim 3, wherein Y j n is determined so as to satisfy the following condition.
JP2003160472A 2003-06-05 2003-06-05 Method and apparatus for manufacturing sheet Pending JP2004358829A (en)

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