JP2004337112A - Acid oil-in-water emulsified food excellent in heat resistance and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Acid oil-in-water emulsified food excellent in heat resistance and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004337112A
JP2004337112A JP2003139819A JP2003139819A JP2004337112A JP 2004337112 A JP2004337112 A JP 2004337112A JP 2003139819 A JP2003139819 A JP 2003139819A JP 2003139819 A JP2003139819 A JP 2003139819A JP 2004337112 A JP2004337112 A JP 2004337112A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
water
emulsified food
oil
phospholipase
acidic
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JP2003139819A
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JP3730635B2 (en
Inventor
Yoshikazu Nakanishi
義和 中西
Noriyoshi Uchida
典芳 内田
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Knorr Foods Co Ltd
Sankyo Lifetech Co Ltd
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Knorr Foods Co Ltd
Sankyo Lifetech Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an acid oil-in-water emulsified food such as mayonnaise and dressing excellent in heat resistance only by adding and blending acid phospholipase A1 to/with the acid oil-in-water emulsified food after being emulsified by yolk without the need of giving heat resistance through including lysed yolk and lysophospholipid obtained as an emulsifier with special treatment, and to provide a method for producing the emulsified food. <P>SOLUTION: The acid oil-in-water emulsified food excellent in heat resistance having a water phase and an oil phase each emulsified by yolk is obtained by adding and blending phospholipase A1 to/with the acid oil-in-water emulsified food after emulsified. The method for producing the acid oil-in-water emulsified food excellent in heat resistance having the water and oil phases emulsified by yolk comprises adding and blending phospholipase A1 to/with the acid oil-in-water emulsified food after emulsified. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品及びその製造方法に関し、詳しくは、従来技術のように、乳化剤として特別の処理をして得られる、リゾ化卵黄やリゾリン脂質を含有させて耐熱性を付与させるのではなく、卵黄によって乳化された後の酸性水中油型乳化食品に単にホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合するだけで得られる、耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品とその製造方法とに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
マヨネーズやドレッシング類等の酸性水中油型乳化食品に耐熱性を付与させる技術としては、ホスホリパーゼAにより処理された卵黄、即ちリゾ化卵黄を乳化剤として使用する技術が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。本技術でのリゾ化卵黄とは、ホスホリパーゼA処理により、卵黄中のリン脂質がリゾ化された卵黄をいう。リゾ化卵黄を乳化剤として使用したマヨネーズ類は、優れた耐熱性を示すことがよく知られている。
【0003】
しかしながら、リゾ化卵黄を使用する場合は、当然のことながら卵黄をホスホリパーゼA処理する必要があり、手間がかかるのみならず、処理の段階で微生物汚染が生じたり、或いは風味変化が生じたりするなどの問題があった。
【0004】
また、このようなリゾ化卵黄を使用する代わりに、リゾリン脂質を乳化剤として使用することにより、酸性水中油型乳化食品に優れた耐熱性を付与する技術が提案されている(特許文献2参照)。本技術でのリゾリン脂質とは、ホスホリパーゼA処理によりリゾ化されたリン脂質をいう。リゾリン脂質単品では勿論のこと、卵黄との併用によっても、酸性水中油型乳化食品に優れた耐熱性を付与することができる。
しかしながら、リゾリン脂質を使用する場合では、溶解するのに時間がかかること、吸湿し易いためにハンドリングが煩雑であること、更には独特の風味があるため、一定量以上の添加は風味を損なう、といった問題点があった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開昭51−84785号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2000−93108号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来の問題点を解決し、従来技術のように乳化剤として特別の処理をして得られる、リゾ化卵黄やリゾリン脂質を含有させて耐熱性を付与させる必要がなく、マヨネーズやドレッシング類等のような酸性水中油型乳化食品において、卵黄によって乳化された後の酸性水中油型乳化食品に、単に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合するだけで得られる、耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品とその製造方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0007】
即ち、本発明は、優れた耐熱性を有しながらも、従来技術のようにリゾ化卵黄を乳化剤として含有させて耐熱性を付与させるときに生じる余計な手間が不要であり、またホスホリパーゼA処理の段階で微生物汚染が生じたりするなどの問題がなく、或いはリゾリン脂質を使用する場合に見られる、溶解するのに時間がかかったり、吸湿しやすいためにハンドリングが煩雑であったり、更には風味を損なうといった問題がなく、卵黄によって乳化された後の酸性水中油型乳化食品に、単に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合するだけで得られる、耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品とその製造方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、驚くべきことに、調製後のマヨネーズやドレッシング類等に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合することにより、耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品が得られることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
本発明による耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品及びその製造方法は、これまで全く知られていない。
【0009】
即ち、請求項1に係る本発明は、水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品において、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1が添加・配合されていることを特徴とする耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品を提供するものである。
次に、請求項2に係る本発明は、ホスホリパーゼA1が、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が生産する、pH2.5〜6.0に活性領域を有する酸性ホスホリパーゼA1である、請求項1記載の耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品を提供するものである。
また、請求項3に係る本発明は、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が、アスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)である、請求項2記載の耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品を提供するものである。
さらに、請求項4に係る本発明は、水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品を製造するにあたり、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合することを特徴とする耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品の製造方法を提供するものである。
次に、請求項5に係る本発明は、ホスホリパーゼA1が、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が生産する、pH2.5〜6.0に活性領域を有する酸性ホスホリパーゼA1である、請求項4記載の製造方法を提供するものである。
また、請求項6に係る本発明は、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が、アスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)である、請求項5記載の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
まず、請求項1に係る本発明について、詳細に説明する。
請求項1に係る本発明は、水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品において、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1が添加・配合されていることを特徴とする耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品に関するものである。
【0011】
請求項1に係る本発明の酸性水中油型乳化食品とは、水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなるものをいい、代表的なものとしてマヨネーズやドレッシング類などが挙げられる。酸性水中油型乳化食品としては、従来公知のものを用いることができる。
請求項1に係る本発明の特徴は、このような油相と水相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品において、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1が添加・配合されている点にある。
【0012】
請求項1に係る本発明において、用いられるホスホリパーゼA1の作用は、リン脂質の1位の脂肪酸を加水分解し、リゾリン脂質へと変換するものである。
このようなホスホリパーゼA1としては、例えば三共ライフテック(株)のホスホリパーゼA1(製品名:ホスホリパーゼA1、10,000単位/g)の他、ノボザイムズ・ジャパン(株)のホスホリパーゼA1(製品名:レシターゼ ウルトラ)のような組み換え体由来のホスホリパーゼA1も同様に使用することができる。好適には、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1である、三共ライフテック(株)のホスホリパーゼA1(製品名:ホスホリパーゼA1、10,000単位/g)である。
ここで、「単位」とは、ホスホリパーゼA1の活性単位を意味し、大豆リン脂質を基質とし、pH4.0、37℃、Ca2+の存在下の条件で、1分間当たり1マイクロモルの脂肪酸を遊離することを指す。
【0013】
ここで、請求項1に係る本発明において好適に用いられる、三共ライフテック(株)の酸性ホスホリパーゼA1について述べると、この酸性ホスホリパーゼA1は、pH2.5〜6.0に活性領域を有し、かつ作用至適pHが4.0〜5.0であり、作用至適温度が50〜60℃であって、35〜90℃の安定性上限温度を有するものである。この酸性ホスホリパーゼA1についての詳細は、特許第3022131号公報等に記載されている。
【0014】
この酸性ホスホリパーゼA1は、請求項2に記載したように、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する微生物(糸状菌)が生産する、pH2.5〜6.0に活性領域を有するものであって、より具体的にはアスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)やアスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)が生産する酸性ホスホリパーゼA1がある。本発明は、食品に関するものであるなどの点から、このようなアスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する微生物(糸状菌)の中でも、請求項3に記載したように、アスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)の生産する酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が特に好ましく用いられる。このことは、以下に述べる請求項4に係る本発明においても同様であり、請求項5と請求項6に記載したとおりである。
【0015】
請求項1に係る本発明に用いられる酸性水中油型乳化食品のpHは、pH3.0〜5.0、特にpH3.5〜4.6が好適である。pH3.0未満では、酸味が強すぎる等といった風味上の問題点が出てくるため、一方、pH5.0を超えると、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1の効果が発揮されないため、いずれも好ましくない。
酸性ホスホリパーゼA1の添加量は、酸性水中油型乳化食品1kg当たり、3,000〜50,000単位、好ましくは5,000〜30,000単位が好適である。3,000単位未満の添加量では、充分な耐熱性を酸性水中油型乳化食品に付与することができず、一方、50,000単位を超えても、添加量に見合うだけの効果が得られないため好ましくない。
【0016】
このように、請求項1に係る本発明は、水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品において、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1が添加・配合されていることを特徴とする耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品であるが、そのような耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品は、請求項4に係る本発明の方法により製造することができる。
即ち、請求項4に係る本発明は、耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品の製造方法に関し、水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品を製造するにあたり、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合することを特徴とするものである。
【0017】
請求項4に係る本発明における酸性水中油型乳化食品の水相を構成する原料(水相原料)は、マヨネーズやドレッシング類の製造に際して使用される原料や、その配合割合に準じて決定すればよく、特に制限されない。
通常、用いられる水相原料の例としては、水の他に、食塩、食酢、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、イノシン酸ナトリウム等の調味料、乳化剤、糖類、澱粉、ガム類、香辛料、着香料、着色料などがある。乳化剤としては、呈味、色調及び乳化安定性の観点から、卵黄が一般的であるが、卵黄に卵白、乳蛋白、大豆蛋白等を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
【0018】
一方、油相を構成する原料(油相原料)としては、通常、食品に添加可能な親油性の物質であれば、特に制限がなく、例えば食用植物油や、親油性のある香辛料等が挙げられる。
食用植物油脂としては、常温で液体の菜種油、大豆油、べに花油、サフラワー油、コーン油、ヒマワリ油等が挙げられ、これらを単独で、又は2種以上混合して使用することができる。
【0019】
請求項4に係る本発明における酸性水中油型乳化食品の油相と水相の割合については、特に制限はないが、通常は油相10〜90質量%に対して水相90〜10質量%、好ましくは油相30〜80質量%に対して水相70〜20質量%とする。
ここで、油相の比率が10質量%未満であると、調製された酸性水中油型乳化食品が美味しくなく、一方、油相の比率が90質量%を超えると、転相し易くなるので、いずれも好ましくない。
【0020】
請求項4に係る本発明における酸性水中油型乳化食品の製造は、既知の手法により行えばよく、特に制限されない。
例えば、水以外の水相原料を、水等に分散・溶解し、これらに油相原料を加えて、一般的な撹拌機、例えば市販の万能型撹拌機を用いて予備乳化する。次いで、コロイドミル等の乳化機により仕上げ乳化を行うことによって、酸性水中油型乳化食品を製造することができる。
【0021】
請求項4に係る本発明においては、このようにして製造された酸性水中油型乳化食品に、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合することにより、耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品を製造することができる。酸性ホスホリパーゼA1については、前述したとおりのものが用いられる。
前述したように、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1の添加量は、酸性水中油型乳化食品1kg当たり、3,000〜50,000単位、好ましくは5,000〜30,000単位が好適に用いられる。
【0022】
酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を酸性水中油型乳化食品に添加・混合する際には、製剤の1〜10%水溶液を用いることが好ましい。酸性ホスホリパーゼA1製剤そのものを酸性水中油型乳化食品に直接、添加・混合すると、充分に混合され難く、この結果、酸性水中油型乳化食品に耐熱性を充分に付与することができない場合があるため、好ましくない。
酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を酸性水中油型乳化食品に添加・混合する際は、万能型撹拌機やホモジナイザー等による攪拌下、酸性水中油型乳化食品に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1水溶液を少量ずつ添加する。
このようにして、目的とする耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品を得ることができる。
【0023】
リゾ化卵黄やリゾリン脂質を乳化剤として酸性水中油型乳化食品を調製せずとも、卵黄で乳化された通常の酸性水中油型乳化食品に、単に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を添加・混合することにより耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品の得られる理由は明らかではないが、添加された酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が酸性水中油型乳化食品の構造に作用することにより、短時間の内に耐熱性が付与されるものと考えられる。
【0024】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例等により詳しく説明するが、本発明の範囲は、これら実施例等により制限されるものではない。
【0025】
実施例1〜3
(1)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の調製
第1表に示す基本配合組成の原料を水中油型に乳化し、基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)を調製した。なお、このもののpHは3.5であった。
即ち、第1表に示す配合にて、水相原料である、卵黄、食塩、食酢(10%酸度)及び水を混合溶解して水相を調製し、この水相に油相原料として菜種油を加え、ホバルトミキサー(ホバルト社製)にて予備乳化した。次いで、コロイドミル(クリアランス:5/1,000インチ、回転数:3,000rpm)により仕上げ乳化を行って、基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)を調製した。
得られた基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1(三共ライフテック(株)のホスホリパーゼA1:10,000単位/g)10%水溶液を、それぞれ5g(5,000単位)、10g(10,000単位)及び30g(30,000単位)添加し、充分に混合して耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ:順に実施例1〜3)を得た。
【0026】
(2)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の耐熱性の評価
上記(1)で得られた酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)について、耐熱性の評価を以下のようにして行った。
約25g容のプラスチック容器に、上記(1)で得られた酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)約20gを充填・シールした後、95℃で60分間加熱した。冷却後、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)を次の3段階で評価した。「安定」と「やや安定」であれば、耐熱性に優れていると言うことができる。なお、評価は、経験豊かな5名のパネラーによる視覚観察の平均値で示した。
結果を第2表に示す。
【0027】
〔耐熱性の評価〕
・安定:油分離していない。
・やや安定:僅かな油分離がみられる。
・不安定:かなりの油分離がみられる。
【0028】
比較例1〜3
(1)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の調製
実施例1〜3の(1)と同様にして調製された基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)を比較例1とし、さらにこのものの1kg当たり、ホスホリパーゼA2(ノボザイムズジャパン(株)のレシターゼ10L:10,000IU/g)の10%水溶液を、それぞれ10g(10,000IU)及び30g(30,000IU)添加し、充分に混合して、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ:順に比較例2〜3)を得た。
ここで用いたホスホリパーゼA2とは、リン脂質の2位の脂肪酸を加水分解し、リゾリン脂質へと変換するものである。尚、IU(International Unit)とは、ホスホリパーゼA2の活性単位を意味し、卵黄を基質とし、pH8、40℃、Ca2+存在下の条件で、1分間当たり1マイクロモルの脂肪酸を遊離することを示す。このホスホリパーゼA2は、ブタの膵臓よリ抽出精製されたものであって、pH5〜11に活性領域を有するホスホリパーゼであり、かつ、作用至適pHが6〜10である。
【0029】
(2)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の耐熱性の評価
実施例1〜3の(2)と同様にして、上記(1)で得られた比較例1〜3の3種のマヨネーズの耐熱性を評価した。結果を第2表に示す。
【0030】
比較例4〜5
(1)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の調製
実施例1〜3の(1)と同様にして調製された基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、大豆リゾレシチン(太陽化学(株)製のサンレシチンA1:リゾレシチン33%、デキストリン67%)の30%水溶液をそれぞれ30g(リゾレシチン3.0g)及び50g(リゾレシチン5.0g)添加し、充分に混合して、酸性水中油型食品(マヨネーズ:順に比較例4〜5)を得た。
【0031】
(2)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の耐熱性の評価
実施例1〜3の(2)と同様にして、上記(1)で得られた比較例4〜5の2種のマヨネーズの耐熱性を評価した。結果を第2表に示す。
【0032】
比較例6〜7
(1)酸性ホスホリパーゼA1によるリゾ化卵黄の調製
卵黄1kg(基質)に、10,000単位のアスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)の生産する酸性ホスホリパーゼA1(三共ライフテック(株)のホスホリパーゼA1)を添加し、充分に混合した後、20%酢酸溶液を用いてpH4.5に調整した。次いで、これを3L容攪拌糟に充填し、45℃の品温で5時間酵素処理を行った後、70℃及び30分間の条件で加熱処理を行い、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が失活されたリゾ化卵黄を得た。
【0033】
(2)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の調製
実施例1〜3の(1)と同様にして調製された基本組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、上記(1)で得られたリゾ化卵黄50g及び100gを添加し、充分に混合して、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ:順に比較例6〜7)を得た。
【0034】
(3)酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)の耐熱性の評価
実施例1〜3の(2)と同様にして、上記(2)で得られた比較例6〜7の2種のマヨネーズの耐熱性について評価した。結果を第2表に示す。
【0035】
【表1】
第1表

Figure 2004337112
【0036】
【表2】
第2表(その1)
Figure 2004337112
【0037】
【表3】
第2表(その2)
Figure 2004337112
【0038】
第2表から、以下のようなことが分かる。
即ち、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、5,000単位、10,000単位及び30,000単位添加された実施例1〜3の酸性油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)は優れた耐熱性を持つことが分かる。
これに対し、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1の添加されていない比較例1の基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ゛)及び酸性ホスホリパーゼA1に代えてホスホリパーゼA2の添加された比較例2〜3の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)では、いずれも耐熱性の低いことが分かる。
また、基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、リゾレシチンとして3.0g及び5.0g添加された比較例4〜5の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)では耐熱性の低いことが分かるが、これはリゾレシチンを添加しても、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)に耐熱性が付与できないことを示している。
【0039】
なお、基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg中には、卵黄が50g含有されているが、卵黄50g中のリン脂質含有量は5g以下であることが報告されている(Egg Science & Technology 4th ed. Food Products Press 1995 )。
即ち、基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)中に含有されるリン脂質が全てリゾリン脂質に変換された量のリゾリン脂質を基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)に添加しても耐熱性が付与できないことを示している。
【0040】
更に、卵黄を酸性ホスホリパーゼA1で処理し、次いで酵素失活したリゾ化卵黄を、基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、50g及び100g添加された比較例6〜7の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ゛)では耐熱性の低いことが分かるが、これは基本配合組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)に含有されている卵黄量以上のリゾ化卵黄を添加しても酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)に耐熱性が付与できないことを示している。
【0041】
以上のような結果から推察すると、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が添加・配合されたことによる耐熱性の付与効果は、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が乳化構造、即ち油滴構造に存在するリン脂質に作用することによって生じるリゾリン脂質によるものと思われ、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1の作用は、ごく短時間に効率よく行われるものと思われる。
【0042】
試験例1(酸性ホスホリパーゼA1添加量の影響)
第3表に示す如く、実施例1〜3の(1)と同様にして調製された基本組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1(三共ライフテック(株)のホスホリパーゼA1:10,000単位/g)を第3表に示す各種の量だけ添加し、充分に混合したものを調製し、以下、実施例1〜3の(2)と同様にして、試験例1の7種のマヨネーズの耐熱性を評価した。結果を第3表に示す。
【0043】
【表4】
第3表
Figure 2004337112
【0044】
第3表の結果より、基本組成の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を、3,000単位以上添加されると、優れた耐熱性を持つことが分かる。
一方、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kg当たり、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が3,000単位未満であると、耐熱性の低いことが分かる。
【0045】
試験例2(酸度(pH)の影響)
第1表に示した基本配合組成の食酢の添加量を第4表の如く変化させて、pHが6.8〜3.1となるような基本配合組成に準じた10種の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)を実施例1〜3の(1)と同様にして調製した。なお、食酢の増減の調整は添加水により行い、全体が100%となるように調整した。
次いで、得られた基本配合組成に準じた各酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)1kgに、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1(三共ライフテック(株)のホスホリパーゼA1:10,000単位)10%溶液をそれぞれ、10g(10,000単位)添加し、充分に混合して、10種の酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)を調製し、以下、実施例1〜3の(2)と同様にして、試験例2の10種のマヨネーズの耐熱性を評価した。結果を第4表に示す。
【0046】
【表5】
第4表(その1)
Figure 2004337112
【0047】
【表6】
第4表(その2)
Figure 2004337112
【0048】
また、第4表の結果より、以下のようなことが分かる。
酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が10,000単位添加された酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)中の食酢(10%酸度)の添加量が、0.3質量%以上であると、つまりpHが5.0以下であると、油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)は優れた耐熱性を持つことが分かる。
一方、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)中の食酢(10%酸度)の添加量が0.3質量%未満であると、つまりpHが5.0を超えると、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)は耐熱性の低いことが分かる。
これらの結果から、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)に添加する場合、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)のpHが5.0以下であると、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1が活性となり、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)は優れた耐熱性を持つことが理解される。
一方、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)のpHが5.0を超えると、酸性ホスホリパーゼA1の活性が低下することにより、酸性水中油型乳化食品(マヨネーズ)は耐熱性の低いことが理解される。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、優れた耐熱性を有する酸性水中油型乳化食品が提供される。
しかも、本発明によれば、従来技術のように乳化剤として特別の処理をして得られるリゾ化卵黄やリゾリン脂質を含有させて耐熱性を付与させる必要がなく、マヨネーズやドレッシング類等のような乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品に、単に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を添加・混合するといった簡単な操作だけで優れた耐熱性を有する酸性水中油型乳化食品が得られる。
【0050】
即ち、本発明によれば、優れた耐熱性を有しながらも、従来技術のように乳化剤としてリゾ化卵黄を含有させて耐熱性を付与させるときに生じる余計な手間が不要であり、またホスホリパーゼA処理の段階で微生物汚染が生じたり、風味変化が生じたりするなどの問題がなく、或いはリゾリン脂質を使用する場合に見られる、溶解するのに時間がかかったり、吸湿し易いためにハンドリングが煩雑となったりするなどの問題がなく、マヨネーズやドレッシング類等のような乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品に、単に酸性ホスホリパーゼA1を添加・混合するだけで、優れた耐熱性を有する酸性水中油型乳化食品が提供される。
よって、本発明は食品工業分野において有用である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance and a method for producing the same, in particular, as in the prior art, obtained by a special treatment as an emulsifier, containing lysed egg yolk and lysophospholipid. Acid oil-in-water emulsified food with excellent heat resistance, which is obtained by simply adding and blending phospholipase A1 to the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food after being emulsified by egg yolk, instead of imparting heat resistance. A manufacturing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a technique for imparting heat resistance to acidic oil-in-water emulsified foods such as mayonnaise and dressings, a technique using egg yolk treated with phospholipase A, that is, lysated egg yolk as an emulsifier has been proposed (for example, Patent Documents) 1). The lysed yolk in the present technology refers to an yolk in which phospholipids in the yolk have been lysified by phospholipase A treatment. It is well known that mayonnaise using lysed egg yolk as an emulsifier exhibits excellent heat resistance.
[0003]
However, when lysed egg yolk is used, it is naturally necessary to treat the yolk with phospholipase A, which is not only time-consuming, but also results in microbial contamination or a change in flavor during the processing stage. There was a problem.
[0004]
In addition, instead of using such lysed egg yolk, a technique of using lysophospholipid as an emulsifier to impart excellent heat resistance to acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food has been proposed (see Patent Document 2). . The lysophospholipid in the present technology refers to a phospholipid lysated by phospholipase A treatment. Excellent heat resistance can be imparted to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food by using the lysophospholipid alone or in combination with egg yolk.
However, when using lysophospholipids, it takes time to dissolve, it is easy to absorb moisture, handling is complicated, and since it has a unique flavor, addition of a certain amount or more impairs the flavor, There was a problem.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-51-84785 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-93108 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above conventional problems, obtained by performing a special treatment as an emulsifier as in the prior art, it is not necessary to impart heat resistance by containing lysed egg yolk and lysophospholipid, mayonnaise and In acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified foods such as dressings, etc., the acid-oil-in-water type emulsified foods after being emulsified by egg yolk can be obtained by simply adding and blending acidic phospholipase A1 in acid water having excellent heat resistance. It is an object of the present invention to provide an oil-type emulsified food and a method for producing the same.
[0007]
That is, the present invention, while having excellent heat resistance, does not require extra labor that occurs when the heat resistance is imparted by incorporating lysated egg yolk as an emulsifier as in the prior art, and also requires phospholipase A treatment. No problems such as microbial contamination occurring at the stage of, or when using lysophospholipids, it takes time to dissolve, handling is complicated due to easy absorption of moisture, and furthermore, flavor Acid-in-water-in-water emulsified food with excellent heat resistance, obtained by simply adding and blending acid phospholipase A1 to an acid-in-water-in-water emulsified food after emulsification by egg yolk without the problem of impairing It is intended to provide a method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, surprisingly, by adding and blending acidic phospholipase A1 to mayonnaise and dressings after preparation, an acid having excellent heat resistance has been obtained. The present inventors have found that an oil-in-water type emulsified food can be obtained, and have completed the present invention based on this finding.
The acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance according to the present invention and the production method thereof have not been known at all.
[0009]
That is, the present invention according to claim 1 is an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food in which an aqueous phase and an oil phase are emulsified by egg yolk, wherein phospholipase A1 is added and blended into the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food after emulsification. The present invention provides an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance.
Next, the present invention according to claim 2, wherein the phospholipase A1 is an acidic phospholipase A1 having an active region at pH 2.5 to 6.0, which is produced by a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus. It is intended to provide an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food having excellent heat resistance as described.
The present invention according to claim 3 provides the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance according to claim 2, wherein the filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus is Aspergillus oryzae. To do.
Further, the present invention according to claim 4 provides a method for producing an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food in which an aqueous phase and an oil phase are emulsified by egg yolk, wherein phospholipase A1 is added to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food after emulsification. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance characterized by being blended.
Next, in the present invention according to claim 5, the phospholipase A1 is an acidic phospholipase A1 having an active region at pH 2.5 to 6.0, which is produced by a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus. It is intended to provide the production method described above.
The present invention according to claim 6 provides the method according to claim 5, wherein the filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus is Aspergillus oryzae.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
First, the present invention according to claim 1 will be described in detail.
The present invention according to claim 1 is the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food obtained by emulsifying an aqueous phase and an oil phase with egg yolk, wherein phospholipase A1 is added to and blended with the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food after emulsification. The present invention relates to an acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance characterized by the following.
[0011]
The acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food of the present invention according to claim 1 refers to a food obtained by emulsifying an aqueous phase and an oil phase with egg yolk, and typical examples include mayonnaise and dressings. As the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food, conventionally known foods can be used.
The feature of the present invention according to claim 1 is that in such an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food in which the oil phase and the aqueous phase are emulsified by egg yolk, phospholipase A1 is added to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food after emulsification. The point is that it is blended.
[0012]
In the present invention according to claim 1, the action of the phospholipase A1 used is to hydrolyze the fatty acid at position 1 of the phospholipid and convert it into lysophospholipid.
Examples of such a phospholipase A1 include phospholipase A1 of Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd. (product name: phospholipase A1, 10,000 units / g), and phospholipase A1 of Novozymes Japan Co., Ltd. (product name: Lecitase Ultra). ) Can be used as well. Preferably, it is a phospholipase A1 (product name: phospholipase A1, 10,000 units / g) of Sankyo Lifetech Co., which is an acidic phospholipase A1.
Here, the “unit” means an active unit of phospholipase A1, and uses 1 micromol of fatty acid per minute under conditions of pH 4.0, 37 ° C. and Ca 2+ using soybean phospholipid as a substrate. Refers to liberation.
[0013]
Here, regarding the acid phospholipase A1 of Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd., which is preferably used in the present invention according to claim 1, this acid phospholipase A1 has an active region at pH 2.5 to 6.0, In addition, the optimum pH for action is 4.0 to 5.0, the optimum temperature for action is 50 to 60 ° C, and the upper limit of stability is 35 to 90 ° C. Details of this acidic phospholipase A1 are described in Japanese Patent No. 3022211, etc.
[0014]
As described in claim 2, the acidic phospholipase A1 has an active region at pH 2.5 to 6.0, which is produced by a microorganism (filamentous fungus) belonging to the genus Aspergillus, and more specifically. Specifically, there are acidic phospholipase A1 produced by Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger. The present invention relates to the production of Aspergillus oryzae as described in claim 3 among the microorganisms (filamentous fungi) belonging to the genus Aspergillus in view of foods and the like. Acid phospholipase A1 is particularly preferably used. This is the same in the present invention according to claim 4 described below, and is as described in claims 5 and 6.
[0015]
The pH of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food used in the present invention according to claim 1 is preferably pH 3.0 to 5.0, particularly preferably pH 3.5 to 4.6. If the pH is less than 3.0, flavor problems such as an excessively strong acidity appear, whereas if the pH is more than 5.0, the effect of the acidic phospholipase A1 is not exerted, and neither is preferred.
The amount of the acidic phospholipase A1 to be added is preferably 3,000 to 50,000 units, preferably 5,000 to 30,000 units, per kg of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food. If the addition amount is less than 3,000 units, sufficient heat resistance cannot be imparted to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food, while if it exceeds 50,000 units, the effect corresponding to the addition amount can be obtained. Not preferred
[0016]
As described above, the present invention according to claim 1 provides an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food in which an aqueous phase and an oil phase are emulsified by egg yolk, wherein phospholipase A1 is added to and blended with the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food after emulsification. An acidic oil-in-water-in-water emulsified food excellent in heat resistance characterized in that it is manufactured by the method of the present invention according to claim 4. can do.
That is, the present invention according to claim 4 relates to a method for producing an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance, in producing an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food in which an aqueous phase and an oil phase are emulsified by egg yolk. And adding and blending phospholipase A1 to the emulsified acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food.
[0017]
The raw material (aqueous phase raw material) constituting the aqueous phase of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food according to the present invention according to claim 4 may be determined according to the raw materials used in the production of mayonnaise and dressings and the mixing ratio thereof. Well, not particularly limited.
Examples of aqueous phase raw materials that are usually used include, besides water, salt, vinegar, sodium glutamate, sodium inosinate, and other seasonings, emulsifiers, sugars, starch, gums, spices, flavors, coloring agents, and the like. is there. Egg yolk is generally used as an emulsifier from the viewpoints of taste, color tone, and emulsion stability, but egg yolk, milk protein, soy protein, and the like may be used in combination with egg yolk.
[0018]
On the other hand, the raw material (oil phase raw material) constituting the oil phase is not particularly limited as long as it is a lipophilic substance that can be usually added to food, and examples thereof include edible vegetable oils and lipophilic spices. .
Edible vegetable oils and fats include rapeseed oil, soybean oil, potato flower oil, safflower oil, corn oil, sunflower oil and the like which are liquid at normal temperature, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0019]
The ratio between the oil phase and the aqueous phase of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food according to the present invention according to claim 4 is not particularly limited, but usually the water phase is 90 to 10 mass% with respect to the oil phase 10 to 90 mass%. Preferably, the aqueous phase is 70 to 20% by mass relative to the oil phase 30 to 80% by mass.
Here, when the ratio of the oil phase is less than 10% by mass, the prepared acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food is not delicious. On the other hand, when the ratio of the oil phase exceeds 90% by mass, the phase is easily inverted. Neither is preferred.
[0020]
The production of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food according to the present invention according to claim 4 may be performed by a known method, and is not particularly limited.
For example, an aqueous phase raw material other than water is dispersed and dissolved in water or the like, and an oil phase raw material is added thereto, followed by preliminary emulsification using a general stirrer, for example, a commercially available universal stirrer. Next, by performing finish emulsification by an emulsifier such as a colloid mill, an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food can be produced.
[0021]
In the present invention according to claim 4, an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance is produced by adding and blending the acidic phospholipase A1 to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food thus produced. be able to. As the acidic phospholipase A1, those described above are used.
As described above, the addition amount of the acidic phospholipase A1 is suitably 3,000 to 50,000 units, preferably 5,000 to 30,000 units per kg of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food.
[0022]
When adding and mixing the acidic phospholipase A1 to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food, it is preferable to use a 1 to 10% aqueous solution of the preparation. If the acidic phospholipase A1 preparation itself is directly added to and mixed with the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food, it is difficult to mix sufficiently, and as a result, it may not be possible to sufficiently impart heat resistance to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food. Is not preferred.
When adding and mixing the acidic phospholipase A1 to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food, an aqueous solution of the acidic phospholipase A1 is added little by little to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food under stirring by a universal stirrer or a homogenizer.
In this way, the intended acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food having excellent heat resistance can be obtained.
[0023]
Even without preparing an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food using lysified egg yolk or lysophospholipid as an emulsifier, heat resistance can be obtained by simply adding and mixing acidic phospholipase A1 to a normal acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food emulsified with egg yolk. The reason for obtaining an excellent acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food is not clear, but the added acid phospholipase A1 acts on the structure of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food, whereby heat resistance is imparted within a short time. It is considered.
[0024]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and the like, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples and the like.
[0025]
Examples 1-3
(1) Preparation of acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) Raw materials having the basic composition shown in Table 1 were emulsified into an oil-in-water type to prepare an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition. The pH of the product was 3.5.
That is, in the composition shown in Table 1, the water phase raw materials, egg yolk, salt, vinegar (10% acidity) and water were mixed and dissolved to prepare a water phase, and rapeseed oil was added to the water phase as an oil phase raw material. In addition, the mixture was pre-emulsified with a Hobart mixer (manufactured by Hobart). Next, finish emulsification was performed by a colloid mill (clearance: 5 / 1,000 inches, rotation speed: 3,000 rpm) to prepare an acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) having a basic composition.
5 kg (5,5%) of a 10% aqueous solution of acidic phospholipase A1 (phospholipase A1: 10,000 units / g from Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd.) per 1 kg of the obtained acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition. 000 units), 10 g (10,000 units) and 30 g (30,000 units) were added and mixed well to obtain an acidic oil-in-water emulsified food having excellent heat resistance (mayonnaise: Examples 1 to 3 in order). Was.
[0026]
(2) Evaluation of heat resistance of acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) The heat resistance of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) obtained in (1) above was evaluated as follows.
After about 20 g of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) obtained in (1) above was filled and sealed in a plastic container having a capacity of about 25 g, the mixture was heated at 95 ° C. for 60 minutes. After cooling, the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) was evaluated in the following three stages. "Stable" and "slightly stable" can be said to be excellent in heat resistance. In addition, evaluation was shown by the average value of the visual observation by five experienced panelists.
The results are shown in Table 2.
[0027]
[Evaluation of heat resistance]
-Stable: no oil separation.
Slightly stable: slight oil separation is observed.
・ Unstable: considerable oil separation is observed.
[0028]
Comparative Examples 1-3
(1) Preparation of acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) The basic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition prepared in the same manner as (1) of Examples 1 to 3 was used as Comparative Example 1, and To 1 kg of this, 10 g (10,000 IU) and 30 g (30,000 IU) of a 10% aqueous solution of phospholipase A2 (10 L of 10,000 LU / g of recitase from Novozymes Japan Co., Ltd.) were added, and the mixture was sufficiently added. By mixing, an acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise: Comparative Examples 2 to 3 in order) was obtained.
The phospholipase A2 used here hydrolyzes the fatty acid at position 2 of the phospholipid and converts it into lysophospholipid. It should be noted that IU (International Unit) means an activity unit of phospholipase A2, and uses 1 egg yolk as a substrate and releases 1 micromol of fatty acid per minute under conditions of pH 8, 40 ° C, and presence of Ca 2+. Show. This phospholipase A2 is extracted and purified from pig pancreas, is a phospholipase having an active region at pH 5 to 11, and has an optimal action pH of 6 to 10.
[0029]
(2) Evaluation of heat resistance of acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 (2), the three kinds of mayonnaises of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 obtained in (1) above were used. The heat resistance was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0030]
Comparative Examples 4 and 5
(1) Preparation of acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) per kg of acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition prepared in the same manner as in (1) of Examples 1 to 3, soybean lysolecithin (sun) 30 g (3.0 g of lysolecithin) and 50 g (5.0 g of lysolecithin) of 30% aqueous solutions of San Lecithin A1: 33% lysolecithin and 67% dextrin manufactured by Kagaku Co., Ltd. were added, and mixed well. An oil-type food (mayonnaise: Comparative Examples 4 and 5 in order) was obtained.
[0031]
(2) Evaluation of heat resistance of acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 (2), the two types of mayonnaise of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 obtained in (1) above were used. The heat resistance was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0032]
Comparative Examples 6 and 7
(1) Preparation of lysed egg yolk using acid phospholipase A1 To 1 kg of yolk (substrate), 10,000 units of acid phospholipase A1 produced by Aspergillus oryzae (phospholipase A1 from Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd.) is added. After thoroughly mixing, the pH was adjusted to 4.5 using a 20% acetic acid solution. Next, the mixture was filled in a 3 L stirring vessel, subjected to an enzyme treatment at a temperature of 45 ° C. for 5 hours, and then subjected to a heat treatment at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a lysate in which acidic phospholipase A1 was inactivated. The yolk was obtained.
[0033]
(2) Preparation of acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) prepared in the same manner as in (1) of Examples 1-3, per 1 kg of acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) prepared according to (1) above 50 g and 100 g of the obtained lysed egg yolk were added and mixed well to obtain an acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise: Comparative Examples 6 to 7 in order).
[0034]
(3) Evaluation of heat resistance of acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food (mayonnaise) In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 (2), the two types of mayonnaises of Comparative Examples 6 and 7 obtained in the above (2) were obtained. The heat resistance was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Table 1
Figure 2004337112
[0036]
[Table 2]
Table 2 (Part 1)
Figure 2004337112
[0037]
[Table 3]
Table 2 (Part 2)
Figure 2004337112
[0038]
Table 2 shows the following.
That is, 5,000 units, 10,000 units and 30,000 units were added per kg of acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition of acid phospholipase A1. (Mayonnaise) has excellent heat resistance.
On the other hand, the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise II) having the basic composition of Comparative Example 1 in which the acidic phospholipase A1 was not added, and the acidic oil-in-water emulsified foods of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 in which the phospholipase A2 was added instead of the acidic phospholipase A1. It can be seen that all of the oil-in-water emulsified foods (mayonnaise) have low heat resistance.
In addition, the heat resistance is low in the acid oil-in-water-type emulsified foods (mayonnaise) of Comparative Examples 4 to 5 in which 3.0 g and 5.0 g of lysolecithin were added per kg of the acid-oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition. This shows that even when lysolecithin is added, heat resistance cannot be imparted to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise).
[0039]
In addition, although 1 g of the acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food (mayonnaise) of the basic composition contains 50 g of yolk, it has been reported that the phospholipid content in 50 g of yolk is 5 g or less (Egg). Science & Technology 4th ed. Food Products Press 1995).
That is, the amount of lysophospholipids in which the phospholipids contained in the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) of the basic composition are all converted to lysophospholipids is added to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) of the basic composition. This shows that heat resistance cannot be imparted even if the heat resistance is high.
[0040]
Furthermore, the yolk was treated with acidic phospholipase A1, and then the enzyme-inactivated lysated egg yolk was added to 50 g and 100 g of the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) of the basic composition in Comparative Examples 6 to 7 in which the yolk was added. Oil-in-water emulsified food (Mayonnaise II) shows low heat resistance, but this is due to the addition of lysified egg yolk over the amount of yolk contained in the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (Mayonnaise) of the basic composition. This also indicates that heat resistance cannot be imparted to acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise).
[0041]
Inferring from the above results, the effect of imparting heat resistance by adding and blending acidic phospholipase A1 to the acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food (mayonnaise) after emulsification is due to the acidic phospholipase A1 having an emulsified structure, that is, oil droplets. It is thought to be due to lysophospholipids generated by acting on the phospholipids present in the structure, and the action of acidic phospholipase A1 appears to be efficient in a very short time.
[0042]
Test Example 1 (Effect of the amount of acidic phospholipase A1 added)
As shown in Table 3, per kg of acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition prepared in the same manner as (1) of Examples 1 to 3, acid phospholipase A1 (phospholipase of Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd.) A1: 10,000 units / g) were added in various amounts as shown in Table 3 to prepare a well-mixed mixture. Thereafter, Test Example 1 was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 (2). The seven types of mayonnaise were evaluated for heat resistance. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0043]
[Table 4]
Table 3
Figure 2004337112
[0044]
From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that, when 3,000 units or more of the acidic phospholipase A1 is added per 1 kg of the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) having the basic composition, excellent heat resistance is obtained.
On the other hand, when the acid phospholipase A1 is less than 3,000 units per kg of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise), the heat resistance is low.
[0045]
Test Example 2 (Effect of acidity (pH))
By changing the amount of vinegar of the basic composition shown in Table 1 as shown in Table 4, ten kinds of acidic oil-in-water types according to the basic composition such that the pH becomes 6.8 to 3.1. Emulsified food (mayonnaise) was prepared in the same manner as in (1) of Examples 1 to 3. In addition, the adjustment of the increase / decrease of vinegar was performed with added water, and was adjusted so that the whole became 100%.
Next, 10 g of a 10% solution of acidic phospholipase A1 (phospholipase A1: 10,000 units of Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd.) was added to 1 kg of each of the acidic oil-in-water emulsified foods (mayonnaise) according to the obtained basic composition. (10,000 units) were added and mixed well to prepare 10 kinds of acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified foods (mayonnaise). Thereafter, Test Example 2 was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1-3. Was evaluated for heat resistance. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0046]
[Table 5]
Table 4 (Part 1)
Figure 2004337112
[0047]
[Table 6]
Table 4 (Part 2)
Figure 2004337112
[0048]
In addition, the following can be seen from the results in Table 4.
When the amount of vinegar (10% acidity) in the acidic oil-in-water emulsified food (mayonnaise) containing 10,000 units of the acidic phospholipase A1 is 0.3% by mass or more, that is, the pH is 5.0 or less. It can be seen that the oil-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) has excellent heat resistance.
On the other hand, if the added amount of vinegar (10% acidity) in the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) is less than 0.3% by mass, that is, if the pH exceeds 5.0, the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food ( Mayonnaise) has low heat resistance.
From these results, when acidic phospholipase A1 is added to acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise), if the pH of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) is 5.0 or less, acid phospholipase A1 becomes active, It is understood that the acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food (mayonnaise) has excellent heat resistance.
On the other hand, when the pH of the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) exceeds 5.0, the activity of the acidic phospholipase A1 decreases, and it is understood that the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food (mayonnaise) has low heat resistance. You.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food having excellent heat resistance is provided.
Moreover, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to impart heat resistance by containing lysed egg yolk or lysophospholipid obtained by performing a special treatment as an emulsifier as in the prior art, such as mayonnaise and dressings. An acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food having excellent heat resistance can be obtained by simply adding and mixing the acidic phospholipase A1 to the acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food after emulsification.
[0050]
That is, according to the present invention, while having excellent heat resistance, it does not require extra labor that occurs when the lysed egg yolk is contained as an emulsifier to impart heat resistance as in the prior art, and phospholipase is also required. There is no problem such as microbial contamination or flavor change at the stage of A treatment, or it takes time to dissolve or is easily absorbed due to moisture, which is observed when using lysophospholipid. There is no problem such as becoming complicated, and simply adding / mixing acidic phospholipase A1 to an emulsified acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food such as mayonnaise or dressings, etc., makes the acidic water having excellent heat resistance. An oil-type emulsified food is provided.
Therefore, the present invention is useful in the food industry field.

Claims (6)

水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品において、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1が添加・配合されていることを特徴とする耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品。In an acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food obtained by emulsifying an aqueous phase and an oil phase with egg yolk, phospholipase A1 is added and blended in the acidic oil-in-water type emulsified food after emulsification, and has excellent heat resistance. Acidic oil-in-water emulsified food. ホスホリパーゼA1が、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が生産する、pH2.5〜6.0に活性領域を有する酸性ホスホリパーゼA1である、請求項1記載の耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品。The heat-resistant acidic oil-in-water emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the phospholipase A1 is an acidic phospholipase A1 having an active region at pH 2.5 to 6.0, which is produced by a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus. Food. アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が、アスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)である、請求項2記載の耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品。The acidic oil-in-water-type emulsified food excellent in heat resistance according to claim 2, wherein the filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus is Aspergillus oryzae. 水相と油相とが卵黄により乳化されてなる酸性水中油型乳化食品を製造するにあたり、乳化後の酸性水中油型乳化食品にホスホリパーゼA1を添加・配合することを特徴とする耐熱性に優れた酸性水中油型乳化食品の製造方法。Excellent heat resistance characterized by adding and blending phospholipase A1 to an acidic oil-in-water emulsified food after emulsification in producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsified food in which an aqueous phase and an oil phase are emulsified by egg yolk. A method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsified food. ホスホリパーゼA1が、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が生産する、pH2.5〜6.0に活性領域を有する酸性ホスホリパーゼA1である、請求項4記載の製造方法。The production method according to claim 4, wherein the phospholipase A1 is an acidic phospholipase A1 having an active region at pH 2.5 to 6.0, which is produced by a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus. アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属に属する糸状菌が、アスペルギルス・オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)である、請求項5記載の製造方法。The method according to claim 5, wherein the filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus is Aspergillus oryzae.
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JP2019097465A (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-24 キユーピー株式会社 Method for imparting heat resistance to acidic oil-in-water type emulsified seasoning

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019097465A (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-24 キユーピー株式会社 Method for imparting heat resistance to acidic oil-in-water type emulsified seasoning

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