JP2004333791A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004333791A
JP2004333791A JP2003128694A JP2003128694A JP2004333791A JP 2004333791 A JP2004333791 A JP 2004333791A JP 2003128694 A JP2003128694 A JP 2003128694A JP 2003128694 A JP2003128694 A JP 2003128694A JP 2004333791 A JP2004333791 A JP 2004333791A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
transfer
image
forming apparatus
primary
transfer member
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JP2003128694A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Motohide Shiozawa
元英 塩澤
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Priority to JP2003128694A priority Critical patent/JP2004333791A/en
Publication of JP2004333791A publication Critical patent/JP2004333791A/en
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  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To cope with temperature rises of the paper non-passage parts of, in particular, an ion conduction system intermediate body and a transfer roller during transfer and fixing that are carried out simultaneously. <P>SOLUTION: Before a large-size job after the passage of a small-size paper, idle rotation is carried out as a down-sequence. A transfer current is detected at predetermined time intervals and temperature changes of the members are estimated from the amount of current change. The job is started after the value has stabilized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、像担持体上に形成された加熱定着性のトナー画像を中間転写体上に転写し、前記中間転写体上に転写された前記トナー画像を記録材に加熱溶融して転写定着することにより画像を記録する画像記録装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
今日では電子写真方式を用いた画像形成装置として、フルカラーでの画像形成を可能とした装置も広く普及している。このようなフルカラー画像形成装置として、図2に示すように、中間転写体を用いた一括転写方式の画像形成装置がある。
【0003】
図2において、感光体ドラム1の周囲には感光体ドラム1の回転方向に沿って一次帯電部材2、露光部材3、イエロー、マゼンタ、シアン、ブラックの各色現像器4、中間転写体6、クリーナー5が配置されている。
【0004】
中間転写体6は感光体1との対向部で一次転写ニップN1を形成し感光ドラムと対向して一次転写部材7が配置されている。中間転写体6の回転方向に沿って感光体ドラム1よりも下流側に二次転写部N2が形成されている。二次転写部N2は対向ローラ9と転写部材14である転写ローラで構成される。二次転写部N2から記録媒体搬送方向下流には定着器13が配置されている。
【0005】
前記画像形成装置の動作を簡単に説明すると、一次帯電部材2によって表面が一様に帯電された感光体ドラム1に露光部材3によって画信号に応じた選択的な露光を行うということで静電潜像を形成し、その潜像を現像器4によってトナー現像して可視像化し、そのトナー像を中間転写体6に転写する。この画像転写をイエロー、マゼンタ、シアン、ブラックの各色について行って中間転写体6に一次転写することでフルカラー画像を形成する。
【0006】
次に中間転写体6上のフルカラー画像を二次転写部N2において搬送されてくる記録媒体Pに二次転写し、その記録媒体を定着器13へ搬送して加熱・加圧定着して記録媒体Pにフルカラー画像を記録する。
【0007】
上記従来技術のように、中間転写体6から記録材Pへのトナー像の2次転写を静電的に行い、その転写されたトナー像を他の位置で定着器により加熱し定着させる方法では、静電的な2次転写の際にトナー像が乱れること、転写率が必ずしも高くないこと等の問題があり、記録材が例えば紙のように環境の変動を受けやすく、伸縮,波打ちの発生、あるいは抵抗率の変化などの物性が大きく変化するものでは、定着後の画像の質にも影響が生じる。特にカラー画像を作成する場合には、色調の変化などとなってその影響が顕著に現れてくるという問題がある。
【0008】
〔転写定着方式〕
一方、図3に示すような加熱定着により転写定着を同時に行う方法を用いた画像形成装置においては、二次転写部を加熱して転写定着を行うものであるために、転写を行う際に記録材の電気的物性の影響はあまり受けない。しかし、この方法では、中間転写体上のトナーを溶融させるために大きな熱源を必要とし、消費エネルギーが大きくなる。また熱的障害が発生しやすいことから熱源としてあまり大きなものを用いることはできない。すなわち、熱源から発生した熱は、画像記録装置内に蓄積され、長時間装置を使用すると、使用に伴って蓄積された熱により当該装置内の温度が上昇し、たとえば感光体やトナーを収容する現像器など熱の影響を受けやすいものの特性を変化させる。それに伴い、画質形成条件は変化し、安定した画質を獲得することが困難になってくる。特にカラー画像においては、色調などの変化が顕著になってくる。
【0009】
〔中間転写体の構成〕
中間転写体としては例えばイオン導電材を添加して抵抗調整された半導電性の樹脂やゴムで構成されるベルト形状の中間転写ベルトやドラム形状の中間転写ドラムが挙げられる。イオン導電タイプの中間転写体は面内抵抗むらや製品の抵抗ばらつきが1桁以内程度と極めて小さいので安定した抵抗値の中間転写体を供給可能である特徴をもつ。
【0010】
〔一次転写の構成〕
一方、感光体から中間転写体への一次転写の手段としてはコロナ転写器を用いた非接触方式と、転写ローラや転写ブレードを用いる接触方式とがあるが、コロナ転写器は動作時にオゾンの発生量が多く環境面の観点から接触方式の一次転写部材を選択するのが望ましい。
【0011】
接触式一次転写部材としても上述の理由でイオン導電材を添加して抵抗調整された導電ゴムのブレードや発泡スポンジローラなどが使用可能である。
【0012】
しかしながら上述のような転写同時定着方式を採用するにあたっては中間転写体を加熱するため、中間転写体に定着熱が残存し次の画像形成の障害になる恐れがある。
【0013】
具体的には中間転写体や中間転写体と一次転写部で接触する一次転写部材が熱を受け取ることによって転写部材の温度が上昇することが考えられるが中間転写体や一次転写部材がイオン導電性の抵抗部材である場合には温度によって電気抵抗が変化し易く、転写特性に影響を及ぼす恐れがある。
【0014】
例えば最大通紙サイズがA3用紙に対応した画像形成装置においてB5,A5などの小サイズ用紙を通紙した場合に通紙領域は被転写材が定着の熱を奪っていくのに対して、非通紙領域では中間転写体の温度上昇が顕著になるため、中間転写体や一次転写部材の非通紙領域に相当する部分のほうが温度が上昇しやすい。その結果中間転写体の面内や一次転写部材の長手方向に温度分布が生じ、温度の高い部分は抵抗値が下がる。このような状態でA3などの大サイズをプリントすると一次転写工程において昇温によって低抵抗化した領域に転写電流が多く流れてしまい、小サイズを通紙した領域の転写電流が不足して、転写不良を起こす恐れがあった。またフルカラー画像形成の場合には2色目以降の一次転写において昇温部に電流が過剰に流れてすでに中間転写体上に転写されたトナーが感光体に再転写される恐れがあった。
【0015】
上記問題を回避するためには小サイズ用紙プリント後の大サイズプリントの前に中間転写体や一次転写部材に対して冷却手段を用いる必要がある。例えば特開平11−223480や特開2002−099158に中間転写体を冷却する方法が提案されている。また特許第3095480号においては記録媒体の幅に応じて加熱幅を可変として非通紙領域の昇温を回避する提案がなれている。
【0016】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながらいずれの提案においても前のプリントジョブ内容、すなわちどのサイズの用紙が何枚通紙されたかによって部材の温度上昇の状態が異なるため、実際に中間転写体や一次転写部材の温度が均一になったかどうかを知ることができない。また中間転写体や一次転写部材の幅方向に温度検知センサを複数設けて幅方向の温度むらを検知するのはコスト面から事実上難しい。
【0017】
特にイオン導電剤を用いた中間転写体や一次転写部材を採用した場合はこれらの部材の温度むらがそのまま一次転写電流むらにつながるため、小サイズ用紙を出力した後に大サイズ画像を一次転写する場合に温度分布に対応した転写むらが生じる恐れがある。
【0018】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記の課題を解決するために考案されたものであり、その目的は小サイズ用紙の転写定着後に大サイズ用紙を出力する場合に起こりうる転写不良を回避し、安定した画像形成装置を提供することである。
【0019】
その手段として記録媒体の幅方向の長さがその前の画像形成を行った記録媒体よりも大きいときには画像形成を開始する前に所定の時間間隔で一次転写電流を検知し、その変化量が所定の値になるまで中間転写体を空回転することを特徴としている。
【0020】
このような構成とすることで、検知される電流値が所定の値より大きい場合は中間転写体や一次転写部材の全体あるいは部分が昇温していると推測することが可能である。そこでこれら部材を冷却させるため中間転写体を空回転し、所定の時間間隔で検知された電流値の変化量が所定の値よりも大きい場合は中間転写体や一次転写部材の温度低下が進行中であり安定していないと推測可能である。電流値の変化量が所定の値よりも小さくなった場合に温度変化が安定したと推測できるため画像形成を開始すれば均一な転写画像を得ることが可能である。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に実施例を示す。本発明による一次転写部材7としては接触式の転写ブレードまたは転写ローラ等が使用可能である。
【0022】
例えば、天然(NR)、イソプレンゴム(IR)、エチレンプロピレンゴム(EPDM、EPM)、ブチルゴム(IIR)、ブタジエンゴム(BR)、ニトリルゴム(NBR)、水素化ニトリルゴム(H−NBR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、クロロプレンゴム(CR)、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン(CSM)、ウレタンゴム、エピクロルヒドリンゴム、シリコーンゴム、フッ素ゴム、アクリルゴム、ポリノルボーネンゴム、等のゴムが使用可能である。
【0023】
また中間転写部材6としては熱硬化性ポリイミド、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリメチルペンテン−1、ポリスチレン、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリサルフォン、ポリアリレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポエーテルサルフォン、ポリエーテルニトリル、熱可塑性ポリイミド系材料、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、サーモトロピック液晶ポリマ、ポリアミド酸、各種フッ素樹脂等の全ての樹脂材料およびそのブレンド樹脂が使用可能である。
【0024】
上記中間転写体6や一次転写部材7に用いるイオン導電性抵抗制御剤としては、ラウリルトリメチルアンモニウム、ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウム、オクタドデシルトリメチルアンモニウム、ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウム、ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム、変性脂肪酸・ジメチルエチルアンモニウニウム塩の過塩素酸塩、塩素酸塩、ホウフッ化水素酸塩、硫酸塩、エトサルフェート塩、臭化ベンジル塩、塩化ベンジル塩等のハロゲン化ベンジル塩等の第四級アンモニウム塩等の陽イオン性界面活性剤、脂肪族スルホン酸塩、高級アルコール硫酸エステル塩、高級アルコールエチレンオキサイド付加硫酸エステル塩、高級アルコール燐酸エステル塩、高級アルコールエチレンオキサイド付加燐酸エステル塩等の陰イオン界面活性剤、各種ベタイン等の両性イオン界面活性剤、高級アルコールエチレンオキサイド、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、多価アルコール脂肪酸エステル等の非イオン性帯電防止剤等の帯電防止剤、LiCFSO、NaClO、LiClO、LiAsF、LiBF、NaSCN、KSCN、NaCl等のLi、Na、K+等の周期律表第1族の金属塩、あるいはNH4+の塩等の電解質、またCa(ClO等のCa2+、Ba2+等の周期律表第2族の金属塩及びこれらの帯電防止剤が、少なくとも1個の水酸基、カルボキシル基、一級ないし二級アミン基等のイソシアネートと反応する活性水素を有する基を持ったものが挙げられる。更に、それら等と1,4ブタンジオール、エチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール等の多価アルコールとその誘導体等の錯体あるいはエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のモノオールとの錯体が挙げられ、これらの中から選ばれる1種類あるいは2種類以上を使用することができる。ただし、その他公知のイオン導電性抵抗制御剤等、上記の材料に限定されるものではない。
【0025】
(実施例1)
〔画像形成装置の構成〕
図1に本実施例における画像形成装置の概略断面図を示す。
【0026】
図1において、感光体ドラム1の周囲には感光体ドラム1の回転方向に沿って一次帯電部材2、露光部材3、イエロー、マゼンタ、シアン、ブラックの各色現像器4、中間転写体6、クリーナー5が配置されている。
【0027】
一次帯電部材2はここでは帯電ローラを例に説明するが他にコロナ帯電器や注入帯電器も使用可能である。
【0028】
本実施形態の中間転写体6は、導電性を有する樹脂、ゴムなどからなるベルト形状のもので、図1に示すように、駆動ローラ8、対向ローラ9及びテンションローラ10に架け渡したエンドレスベルトで構成されている。中間転写体6は感光体1との対向部で一次転写ニップN1を形成し感光ドラムと対向して一次転写部材7が配置されている。中間転写体6の回転方向に沿って感光体ドラム1よりも下流側に二次転写部N2が形成されている。二次転写部N2は対向ローラ9と転写定着ローラ11で構成される。
【0029】
一次転写部材7としてイオン導電剤にて1×10の5乗Ωに抵抗調整した発泡ウレタンゴムの転写ローラを使用した。中間転写体6としてはイオン導電剤にて1×10の8乗Ωcmに抵抗調整したポリカーボネートを厚さ100μm、外径584mmのベルト形状として使用した。
【0030】
〔画像形成装置の動作〕
次に上記構成に基づいた画像形成装置の動作について説明する。
【0031】
プロセス速度は58mm/秒とした。感光体1の表面は一次帯電器2によって−550Vに均一に帯電され、次いでレーザー露光装置3によつて画像パターンが露光されて静電潜像が形成される。露光後の感光体1表面は未露光部分電位(VD)が−550V、露光部分電位(VL)は−150Vとなる。現像器4の現像スリーブには−350Vの現像バイアスが印加されると、感光体1表面電位の低いVL部は負帯電性のネガトナーで現像され、静電潜像は顕像化する。中間転写体6は感光体1とほぼ等速で回転している。一次転写部材7に一次転写バイアス(T1)を+300V印加すると、感光体1上のトナー像は一次転写ニップ部N1において感光体1のVL部と中間転写体6との450Vの電位差によって中間転写体6に転写される。上記工程をイエロー(Y)、マゼンタ(M)、シアン(C)、ブラック(K)の四色のトナーについて、画像先端を位置合わせしながら繰り返すことで中間転写体6上に四色の版が重なった画像が形成される。次にヒータにより160℃に加熱された転写定着ローラ11を中間転写体6に加圧して2次転写ニップN2を形成し、中間転写体6上の画像先端と同期させて記録媒体Pを2次転写ニップN2に送り込むと、トナー画像は紙Pに転写、定着されフルカラー画像が得られる。
【0032】
上記構成において一次転写に最適な転写電流+10μAを得るために必要な電圧は+300Vであった。A5サイズの用紙を中間転写体6の幅方向に対して中央基準で連続100枚通紙した後の一次転写部材7の温度を測定したところ、通紙された中央部では40℃、非通紙領域にあたる両端部では55℃であった。この直後にA3サイズの用紙を通紙し、一次転写バイアスを+300Vの定電圧制御で印加して全面ベタ画像を出力して転写不良を目視評価したところA5サイズ非通紙領域にあたる両端部で中間転写ベルト6、一次転写ローラ7の抵抗低下が起こり両端部に電流が多く流れ込み、図4(B)のような両端部において転写電流過多による転写不良が見られた
この状態で中間転写体を空回転させながら一次転写バイアス+300Vを印加したところ検知された転写電流は+30μAであった。そこで中間転写体6の1回転周期に相当する約5秒おきに転写電流を検知したところ図5に示すように25秒でほぼ+10μAに安定した。このときの一次転写部材7の温度を測定したところ、中央部、両端部共に30℃まで下がっていた。
【0033】
この直後にA3サイズの用紙を通紙し、一次転写バイアスを+300Vの定電圧制御で印加して全面ベタ画像を出力して転写不良を目視評価したところ図4(A)のように転写不良は見られなかった。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明は前述したように、中間転写体を用いて二次転写部で転写定着を行う画像形成装置において、中間転写体および一次転写部材にイオン導電性の材料を用いるた場合に起こりうる温度変化による抵抗むらを転写電流を検知することで推測し、抵抗変化がおさまってからプリントジョブを開始することで安定した転写画像を得ることが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1の概略断面図
【図2】転写後定着方式の画像形成装置の概略断面図
【図3】従来の転写同時定着方式の画像形成装置の概略断面図
【図4】出力画像不良の説明図
【図5】A5用紙100枚通紙後の時間経過と転写電流の変化
【符号の説明】
1 感光体ドラム1
2 一次帯電部材2
3 露光部材
4 現像器
5 クリーナー
6 中間転写体
7 一次転写部材
8 駆動ローラ
9 対向ローラ
10 テンションローラ
11 転写定着ローラ
12 冷却手段
13 定着器
14 二次転写部材
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention transfers a heat-fixable toner image formed on an image carrier onto an intermediate transfer member, and heat-fuses the toner image transferred onto the intermediate transfer member onto a recording material to transfer and fix the toner image. And an image recording apparatus for recording an image.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Nowadays, as an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic system, an apparatus capable of forming a full-color image is widely used. As such a full-color image forming apparatus, as shown in FIG. 2, there is an image forming apparatus of a collective transfer system using an intermediate transfer body.
[0003]
In FIG. 2, a primary charging member 2, an exposure member 3, yellow, magenta, cyan, and black color developing devices 4, an intermediate transfer member 6, and a cleaner are provided around the photosensitive drum 1 along the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 1. 5 are arranged.
[0004]
The intermediate transfer body 6 forms a primary transfer nip N1 at a portion facing the photoconductor 1, and a primary transfer member 7 is disposed so as to face the photosensitive drum. A secondary transfer portion N2 is formed downstream of the photosensitive drum 1 along the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer member 6. The secondary transfer portion N2 includes a facing roller 9 and a transfer roller that is a transfer member 14. A fixing device 13 is disposed downstream from the secondary transfer portion N2 in the recording medium conveyance direction.
[0005]
The operation of the image forming apparatus will be briefly described. The photosensitive member 1 whose surface is uniformly charged by the primary charging member 2 is selectively exposed by an exposure member 3 in accordance with an image signal. A latent image is formed, and the latent image is developed into a visible image by developing the toner with a developing device 4, and the toner image is transferred to the intermediate transfer member 6. This image transfer is performed for each color of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black, and primary-transferred to the intermediate transfer body 6 to form a full-color image.
[0006]
Next, the full-color image on the intermediate transfer member 6 is secondarily transferred to the recording medium P conveyed in the secondary transfer section N2, and the recording medium is conveyed to the fixing device 13 to be heated and pressed to fix the recording medium. A full color image is recorded on P.
[0007]
As in the above-described prior art, a method of performing a secondary transfer of the toner image from the intermediate transfer body 6 to the recording material P electrostatically, and fixing the transferred toner image by heating the toner image at another position by a fixing device is used. There is a problem that the toner image is disturbed at the time of the electrostatic secondary transfer, the transfer rate is not always high, and the like. If the physical properties such as the change in resistivity or the like change significantly, the quality of the image after fixing is affected. In particular, when a color image is created, there is a problem that the effect is remarkable as a change in color tone.
[0008]
(Transfer fixing method)
On the other hand, in an image forming apparatus using a method in which transfer and fixing are simultaneously performed by heating and fixing as shown in FIG. 3, since the transfer and fixing are performed by heating the secondary transfer portion, recording is performed when the transfer is performed. It is not affected much by the electrical properties of the material. However, this method requires a large heat source to melt the toner on the intermediate transfer member, and consumes a large amount of energy. Further, since a thermal failure is likely to occur, a very large heat source cannot be used. That is, the heat generated from the heat source is accumulated in the image recording apparatus, and when the apparatus is used for a long time, the temperature inside the apparatus increases due to the heat accumulated with use, and for example, the photoconductor or toner is stored. Changes the characteristics of things that are easily affected by heat, such as developing units. Accompanying this, image forming conditions change, and it becomes difficult to obtain stable image quality. Particularly in a color image, a change in color tone and the like becomes remarkable.
[0009]
(Configuration of intermediate transfer member)
Examples of the intermediate transfer member include a belt-shaped intermediate transfer belt and a drum-shaped intermediate transfer drum made of a semiconductive resin or rubber whose resistance is adjusted by adding an ion conductive material. The ionic conductive type intermediate transfer member has a feature that the intermediate transfer member having a stable resistance value can be supplied because the in-plane resistance non-uniformity and the resistance variation of the product are extremely small within about one digit.
[0010]
[Configuration of primary transfer]
On the other hand, there are a non-contact method using a corona transfer device and a contact method using a transfer roller and a transfer blade as the primary transfer means from the photoreceptor to the intermediate transfer member, but the corona transfer device generates ozone during operation. It is desirable to select a contact-type primary transfer member from the viewpoint of environment because of the large amount.
[0011]
As the contact type primary transfer member, a conductive rubber blade or a foam sponge roller whose resistance is adjusted by adding an ion conductive material for the above-described reason can be used.
[0012]
However, when the above-described simultaneous transfer fixing method is employed, the intermediate transfer body is heated, so that fixing heat may remain in the intermediate transfer body, which may hinder the next image formation.
[0013]
Specifically, it is conceivable that the temperature of the transfer member rises when the intermediate transfer member or the primary transfer member that comes into contact with the intermediate transfer member at the primary transfer portion receives heat, but the intermediate transfer member and the primary transfer member become ionic conductive. In the case of the resistance member described above, the electrical resistance is liable to change depending on the temperature, which may affect the transfer characteristics.
[0014]
For example, in a case where small-size paper such as B5 or A5 is passed in an image forming apparatus that supports A3 paper with a maximum paper passing size, the paper passing area takes away the heat of fixing while the transfer target material takes away the heat of fixing. Since the temperature of the intermediate transfer body rises remarkably in the sheet passing area, the temperature of the intermediate transfer body and the portion corresponding to the non-sheet passing area of the primary transfer member is more likely to rise. As a result, a temperature distribution occurs in the plane of the intermediate transfer member and in the longitudinal direction of the primary transfer member, and the resistance value decreases in a portion where the temperature is high. When a large-size sheet such as A3 is printed in such a state, a large amount of transfer current flows in the area where the resistance is reduced by increasing the temperature in the primary transfer step, and the transfer current in the area where the small-size sheet is passed becomes insufficient. There was a risk of failure. Also, in the case of full-color image formation, in the primary transfer of the second and subsequent colors, an excessive current may flow in the temperature-raising portion, and the toner already transferred on the intermediate transfer member may be re-transferred to the photosensitive member.
[0015]
In order to avoid the above problem, it is necessary to use a cooling means for the intermediate transfer member and the primary transfer member before printing a large size paper after printing a small size paper. For example, JP-A-11-223480 and JP-A-2002-099158 propose methods for cooling the intermediate transfer member. Japanese Patent No. 3095480 proposes to avoid a rise in temperature in a non-sheet passing area by changing a heating width in accordance with the width of a recording medium.
[0016]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in any of the proposals, the state of the temperature rise of the members differs depending on the content of the previous print job, that is, how many sheets of the same size have been passed, so that the temperatures of the intermediate transfer body and the primary transfer member actually become uniform. I can't tell if it's hot. In addition, it is practically difficult to detect the temperature unevenness in the width direction by providing a plurality of temperature detection sensors in the width direction of the intermediate transfer member and the primary transfer member from the viewpoint of cost.
[0017]
In particular, when an intermediate transfer body or primary transfer member using an ion conductive agent is used, uneven temperature of these members directly leads to uneven primary transfer current. Transfer unevenness corresponding to the temperature distribution may occur.
[0018]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a stable image forming apparatus that avoids a transfer failure that may occur when a large-size sheet is output after transfer and fixing of a small-size sheet. To provide.
[0019]
If the length of the recording medium in the width direction is larger than that of the recording medium on which the previous image was formed, the primary transfer current is detected at predetermined time intervals before the image formation is started, and the amount of change is determined by a predetermined amount. , The intermediate transfer member is idled until the value of.
[0020]
With such a configuration, when the detected current value is larger than the predetermined value, it can be estimated that the temperature of the entire or a part of the intermediate transfer member or the primary transfer member is increased. Therefore, the intermediate transfer member is idled to cool these members, and if the variation of the current value detected at a predetermined time interval is larger than a predetermined value, the temperature of the intermediate transfer member or the primary transfer member is decreasing. It can be guessed that it is not stable. When the amount of change in the current value is smaller than a predetermined value, it can be estimated that the temperature change has been stabilized, so that a uniform transferred image can be obtained by starting image formation.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Examples will be described below. As the primary transfer member 7 according to the present invention, a contact-type transfer blade or a transfer roller can be used.
[0022]
For example, natural (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM, EPM), butyl rubber (IIR), butadiene rubber (BR), nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (H-NBR), styrene Rubbers such as butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), urethane rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, acrylic rubber, and polynorbornene rubber can be used.
[0023]
Further, as the intermediate transfer member 6, thermosetting polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene-1, polystyrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyarylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether sulfone, polyether All resin materials such as nitriles, thermoplastic polyimide-based materials, polyetheretherketone, thermotropic liquid crystal polymers, polyamic acids, various fluororesins, and blended resins thereof can be used.
[0024]
Examples of the ion conductive resistance control agent used for the intermediate transfer member 6 and the primary transfer member 7 include lauryltrimethylammonium, stearyltrimethylammonium, octadodecyltrimethylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, and a modified fatty acid, dimethylethylammonium ammonium. Salts such as quaternary ammonium salts such as chlorinated salts such as perchlorates, chlorates, borofluorides, sulfates, ethosulfate salts, benzyl bromide salts and benzyl chloride salts Anionic surfactants such as surfactants, aliphatic sulfonates, higher alcohol sulfates, higher alcohol ethylene oxide addition sulfates, higher alcohol phosphates, higher alcohol ethylene oxide addition phosphates, etc. , Nonionic surfactants such as various betaine, higher alcohol ethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid antistatic agents such as nonionic antistatic agents such as esters, LiCF 3 SO 3, NaClO 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6, LiBF 4, NaSCN , KSCN, such as NaCl Li +, Na +, periodic table group 1 metal salts of K +, etc. or NH 4+ electrolytes such salts, and Ca (ClO 4) 2, etc. Metal salts of Group 2 of the periodic table such as Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ and their antistatic agents have active hydrogen that reacts with at least one isocyanate such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a primary or secondary amine group, etc. And those having a group. Further, these compounds are combined with polyhydric alcohols such as 1,4 butanediol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, and complexes such as derivatives thereof and monools such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. Complexes can be mentioned, and one or more kinds selected from these can be used. However, the material is not limited to the above-mentioned materials such as other well-known ionic conductivity resistance control agents.
[0025]
(Example 1)
[Configuration of Image Forming Apparatus]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.
[0026]
In FIG. 1, a primary charging member 2, an exposure member 3, yellow, magenta, cyan, and black color developing devices 4, an intermediate transfer member 6, and a cleaner are provided around the photosensitive drum 1 along the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 1. 5 are arranged.
[0027]
Here, the primary charging member 2 will be described by taking a charging roller as an example, but a corona charger or an injection charger can also be used.
[0028]
The intermediate transfer member 6 according to the present embodiment is a belt-shaped member made of conductive resin, rubber, or the like. As shown in FIG. 1, an endless belt stretched over a driving roller 8, an opposing roller 9, and a tension roller 10. It is composed of The intermediate transfer body 6 forms a primary transfer nip N1 at a portion facing the photoconductor 1, and a primary transfer member 7 is disposed so as to face the photosensitive drum. A secondary transfer portion N2 is formed downstream of the photosensitive drum 1 along the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer member 6. The secondary transfer portion N2 includes an opposing roller 9 and a transfer fixing roller 11.
[0029]
As the primary transfer member 7, a transfer roller of urethane foam rubber whose resistance was adjusted to 1 × 10 5 Ω with an ion conductive agent was used. As the intermediate transfer member 6, polycarbonate whose resistance was adjusted to 1 × 10 8 Ωcm with an ion conductive agent was used as a belt shape having a thickness of 100 μm and an outer diameter of 584 mm.
[0030]
[Operation of image forming apparatus]
Next, the operation of the image forming apparatus based on the above configuration will be described.
[0031]
The process speed was 58 mm / sec. The surface of the photoreceptor 1 is uniformly charged to -550 V by a primary charger 2 and then an image pattern is exposed by a laser exposure device 3 to form an electrostatic latent image. After exposure, the surface of the photoconductor 1 has an unexposed partial potential (VD) of -550 V and an exposed partial potential (VL) of -150 V. When a developing bias of -350 V is applied to the developing sleeve of the developing device 4, the VL portion having a low surface potential of the photoconductor 1 is developed with negatively charged negative toner, and the electrostatic latent image is visualized. The intermediate transfer member 6 rotates at substantially the same speed as the photoconductor 1. When a primary transfer bias (T1) of +300 V is applied to the primary transfer member 7, the toner image on the photoreceptor 1 is changed by the potential difference of 450V between the VL portion of the photoreceptor 1 and the intermediate transfer member 6 in the primary transfer nip portion N1. 6 is transferred. The above process is repeated for the four color toners of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) while aligning the leading edge of the image, so that a four-color plate is formed on the intermediate transfer member 6. Overlapping images are formed. Next, the transfer / fixing roller 11 heated to 160 ° C. by the heater is pressed against the intermediate transfer body 6 to form a secondary transfer nip N2, and the secondary transfer of the recording medium P is performed in synchronization with the leading edge of the image on the intermediate transfer body 6. When the toner image is sent to the transfer nip N2, the toner image is transferred and fixed on the paper P, and a full-color image is obtained.
[0032]
In the above configuration, the voltage required to obtain the optimum transfer current +10 μA for the primary transfer was +300 V. The temperature of the primary transfer member 7 was measured after 100 sheets of A5 size paper were continuously passed in the width direction of the intermediate transfer body 6 with the center as a reference. The temperature was 55 ° C. at both ends corresponding to the region. Immediately after this, an A3-size sheet is passed, a primary transfer bias is applied under a constant voltage control of +300 V, a solid image is output over the entire surface, and transfer failure is visually evaluated. The resistance of the transfer belt 6 and the primary transfer roller 7 is reduced, and a large amount of current flows into both ends. In this state, transfer failure is caused by excessive transfer current at both ends as shown in FIG. When a primary transfer bias of +300 V was applied while rotating, the transfer current detected was +30 μA. Then, when the transfer current was detected about every 5 seconds corresponding to one rotation cycle of the intermediate transfer member 6, it was stabilized at approximately +10 μA in 25 seconds as shown in FIG. When the temperature of the primary transfer member 7 was measured at this time, it was found that the temperature at both the center and both ends was lowered to 30 ° C.
[0033]
Immediately after this, an A3-size sheet is passed, a primary transfer bias is applied under a constant voltage control of +300 V, a solid image is output over the entire surface, and transfer failure is visually evaluated. As shown in FIG. I couldn't see it.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention relates to an image forming apparatus in which transfer and fixing is performed in a secondary transfer unit using an intermediate transfer member, and a temperature change that may occur when an ionic conductive material is used for the intermediate transfer member and the primary transfer member. By detecting a transfer current by detecting a transfer current, and starting a print job after a change in the resistance has subsided, a stable transfer image can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a post-transfer fixing type image forming apparatus. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional transfer simultaneous fixing type image forming apparatus. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of image defects.
1 Photoconductor drum 1
2 Primary charging member 2
Reference Signs List 3 Exposure member 4 Developing device 5 Cleaner 6 Intermediate transfer member 7 Primary transfer member 8 Driving roller 9 Opposing roller 10 Tension roller 11 Transfer fixing roller 12 Cooling means 13 Fixing device 14 Secondary transfer member

Claims (10)

トナーを収容する現像器と、表面に現像器によってトナー像が形成される像担持体と、該像担持体より前記トナー像を受け取る中間転写体と、中間転写体より記録媒体にトナー像を転写する二次転写部材を有し、
該像担持体と該中間転写体とで形成される一次転写部に一次転写バイアスを印加する一次転写部材を備え、該中間転写体と該二次転写部材の間で二次転写部を形成し、一次転写部で該像担持体上のトナー像を該中間転写体上に静電的に一次転写し、該中間転写体上に一次転写された前記トナー像を二次転写部において加熱と加圧によって記録媒体に転写すると同時に定着を行う構成において、
一次転写電流検知手段とその検知結果に基づいて一次転写バイアスを設定する一次転写バイアス印加手段を備え、前記記録媒体の搬送方向と直交した幅方向の長さが、前記画像形成を行う記録媒体の方がその前の画像形成を行った記録媒体よりも大きいときに、前記画像形成を行う前に、所定の時間間隔で一次転写電流を検知し、その変化量が所定の値になるまで該中間転写体を空回転することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
A developing device for storing toner, an image carrier on which a toner image is formed by the developing device, an intermediate transfer member for receiving the toner image from the image carrier, and a toner image transferred from the intermediate transfer member to a recording medium Having a secondary transfer member,
A primary transfer member for applying a primary transfer bias to a primary transfer portion formed by the image carrier and the intermediate transfer member; and forming a secondary transfer portion between the intermediate transfer member and the secondary transfer member. The toner image on the image carrier is firstly electrostatically transferred onto the intermediate transfer body in a primary transfer section, and the toner image primarily transferred on the intermediate transfer body is heated and heated in a secondary transfer section. In the configuration where the image is transferred to the recording medium by pressure and simultaneously fixed,
A primary transfer current detecting unit and a primary transfer bias applying unit for setting a primary transfer bias based on the detection result, wherein a length in a width direction orthogonal to a conveying direction of the recording medium is a length of the recording medium on which the image is formed. When the first transfer current is larger than the recording medium on which the previous image formation is performed, the primary transfer current is detected at predetermined time intervals before the image formation is performed, and the intermediate transfer current is detected until the change amount reaches a predetermined value. An image forming apparatus, wherein a transfer member is idled.
少なくとも1個以上の前記像担持体より、色の異なる複数の前記トナー像が前記一次転写部において前記中間転写体上に重ねて一次転写され、重ねて一次転写された前記トナー像が前記二次転写部において前記記録材上に一括して二次転写と同時に定着されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像形成装置。A plurality of the toner images of different colors are primary-transferred onto the intermediate transfer body in the primary transfer unit by at least one or more of the image carriers, and the primary-transferred toner images are superposed on the secondary transfer unit. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image is fixed on the recording material at the same time as secondary transfer at a transfer unit. 一次転写が定電流制御である事を特徴とする請求項1、2に記載の画像形成装置。3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the primary transfer is a constant current control. 該一次転写電流検知手段によって検知された所定の電流値を得るための電圧を基準に一次転写印加電圧を決定する定電圧制御であることを特徴とする請求項1、2に記載の画像形成装置。3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image forming apparatus is a constant voltage control that determines a primary transfer applied voltage based on a voltage for obtaining a predetermined current value detected by the primary transfer current detecting unit. . 該中間転写体がイオン導電剤を用いて導電処理された半導電材料で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate transfer member is made of a semiconductive material that has been subjected to a conductive process using an ionic conductive agent. 該一次転写部材がイオン導電剤を用いて導電処理された半導電材料で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the primary transfer member is made of a semiconductive material that has been subjected to a conductive process using an ionic conductive agent. 二次転写部の下流でかつ一次転写部の上流部に中間転写体を冷却する手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜7に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a unit that cools the intermediate transfer body downstream of the secondary transfer unit and upstream of the primary transfer unit. 転写定着に用いる熱源の配置を前記感光体の位置よりも重力方向上方に配置することを特徴とする請求項1〜7に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a heat source used for transfer and fixing is disposed above a position of the photoconductor in a direction of gravity. 転写定着に用いる熱源の配置を前記現像器の位置よりも重力方向上方に配置することを特徴とする請求項1〜7に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a heat source used for transfer fixing is disposed above a position of the developing device in a direction of gravity. 転写定着に用いる熱源の配置を前記一次転写部材の位置よりも重力方向上方に配置することを特徴とする請求項1〜7に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a heat source used for transfer fixing is disposed above a position of the primary transfer member in a direction of gravity.
JP2003128694A 2003-05-07 2003-05-07 Image forming apparatus Withdrawn JP2004333791A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009075356A (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-09 Canon Inc Image forming apparatus
US7593659B2 (en) 2004-04-27 2009-09-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus capable of reducing time unable to perform image formation due to temperature change of image Bearing member
JP2010140002A (en) * 2008-11-17 2010-06-24 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Transfer belt, transfer unit and image forming apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7593659B2 (en) 2004-04-27 2009-09-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus capable of reducing time unable to perform image formation due to temperature change of image Bearing member
JP2009075356A (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-09 Canon Inc Image forming apparatus
JP2010140002A (en) * 2008-11-17 2010-06-24 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Transfer belt, transfer unit and image forming apparatus

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