JP2004330594A

JP2004330594A - Larch lumber classification system

Info

Publication number: JP2004330594A
Application number: JP2003128898A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Tetsuo Okano; 哲郎岡野; Shinya Koga; 信也古賀; Naoaki Tashiro; 直明田代; Noriyuki Akimoto; 紀幸秋元; Shoshichi Toda; 昭七外田; Tomomi Sugawara; 智美菅原
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-05-07
Filing date: 2003-05-07
Publication date: 2004-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2023-05-07
Also published as: JP3761534B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a larch lumber classification system which classifies a lumber article which is prevented from being twisted in a lumbering process and can be used as a building material taking notice of the ratio of a low quality part of an immature material (immature material ratio) and annual ring arrangement. <P>SOLUTION: The larch lumber classification system is provided with a calculation means which acquires the image of both end grain surfaces of a log, estimates the position of a core from the curvature of annual rings, and calculates the immature material ratio by a distance from the core, a drawing means for drawing a mature material part and the immature material part by a distance from the core, a sawing pattern setting means for setting an appropriate sawing pattern in the mature material part of the end grain surface, a forecasting means which acquires the image of the straight grain surface of a lumber article sawed from the log, indexes the annual ring arrangement, and calculates the dispersion of indices to estimate the amount of torsion occurrence of the lumber article, and a judgment means which classifies a building member as an acceptable material and a lumber article for a packaging material, a pallet material, etc., as an unacceptable material by the forecasting means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カラマツ材のネジレを予測し、建築材利用可能な製材品を分別するカラマツ材製材分別システムに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
現在、北海道のカラマツは６〜８齢級（３０〜４０年生）のカラマツ人工林の面積割合が著しく高い状態にある。
カラマツの伐採林齢は、４０〜５０年生が主なため、今後１０年間に伐採によって生産される丸太（素材）量の増加が予測される。
しかし、カラマツ材の住宅建築利用が少ないのはカラマツ材のネジレの発生に起因している。
【０００３】
カラマツ材は、未成熟材と成熟材の材質特性の違いにより、未成熟材割合の高低がネジレ発生量に影響し、未成熟材割合が高いほどネジレ発生量が大きくなる。
なお、未成熟材部は、髄から距離８ｃｍの内側部分が未成熟材といわれている。
【０００４】
また、年輪配列は、ネジレ発生量に影響し、柾目面における全ての年輪が一定方向でかつ材長方向に平行であるほどネジレ発生量が小さく、方向のバラツキが大きいほどネジレ発生量が大きくなる。
このような未成熟材割合と年輪配列を知ることにより、カラマツ材のネジレ発生量を予測することが可能である。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】
一方、品質にバラツキがなく且つ高い品質保証が得られる製材品を製造でき、発生したクレーム品に十分に対応できる住宅構造材用製材品の製造方法及び装置が特開平１１−２２１８０７号公報により公知となっている。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は、未成熟材という低質部分の割合（未成熟材割合）と、年輪配列に注目し、製材プロセスでネジレ発生が少なく、建築材利用可能な製材品を分別するカラマツ材製材分別システムを提供することを目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そのために、本発明のカラマツ材製材分別システムは、直線型ＣＣＤセンサーを備えたフラットベッドスキャナからなる画像入力装置と、前記フラットベッドスキャナによって走査線を１５０ｄｐｉ、取り込み色を２４ｂｉｔカラー、画像ファイルフォーマットをＴＩＦＦ形式でカラマツ材の製材表面に表れている年輪画像を取り込むことができるようになっている前記画像入力装置に接続されたパソコンとからなるカラマツ材製材分別システムにおいて、
丸太の両木口面の画像を取得し、年輪の曲率から髄の位置を推定し、髄からの距離で未成熟材率を算出する算出手段と、髄からの距離で成熟材部と未成熟材部との線引きを行う線引き手段と、木口面の成熟材部に適切な木取りを設定する木取り設定手段と、さらに丸太から木取りされた建築用製材品の柾目面の画像を取得し、年輪配列の指数化を行い、指数のバラツキの算出を行うことにより、製材品のネジレ発生量を推定する予測手段と、該予測手段により適材としての建築用部材と不適材としての梱包材・パレット材等用製材品に分別する判定手段を設けたものである。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明のカラマツ材製材分別システムを説明する。
本発明のカラマツ材製材分別システムは、直線型ＣＣＤセンサーを備えたフラットベッドスキャナからなる画像入力装置と、該画像入力装置に接続されたパソコンと、該パソコンには画像処理ソフトが格納されており、前記フラットベッドスキャナによって走査線を１５０ｄｐｉ、取り込み色を２４ｂｉｔカラー、画像ファイルフォーマットをＴＩＦＦ形式でカラマツ材の製材表面に表れている年輪画像を取り込むことができるようになっている。
また、前記直線型ＣＣＤセンサーの下方には、長尺カラマツ製材を移動させる画像取り込み専用台が配置される。
なお、材面画像は、板目２面、柾目２面、末口、元口の合計６面を取り込むことができる。
【０００９】
次に、本発明のカラマツ材製材分別システムを図面に基づいて説明する。
本発明のカラマツ材製材分別システムは、図１に示すように、カラマツ材の未成熟材割合や年輪配列を知るための、＜未成熟材ー成熟材峻別システム＞と＜ネジレ予測システム＞からなる。
図２に示すように、前記未成熟材ー成熟材峻別システムは、丸太（素材）の両木口面の画像を取得し、年輪の曲率から髄の位置を推定し、髄からの距離で未成熟材率を算出する。
すなわち、画像から得られた木口面の年輪の二次元座標を用いて、丸太中心の座標を推定し、推定された丸太の中心座標から半径８ｃｍの円を描画し、木口のうち上記円内に含まれる面積について、木口面積との面積比率を算出する。
そして、図１に示すように、成熟材部と未成熟材部との線引きを行い、木口面に適切な木取り方法を設定し、成熟材部を選定した木取りにより建築用製材品の製材切断を行う。
【００１０】
次に、前記ネジレ予測システムは、図２に示すように、上記建築用製材品の柾目面の画像を取得し、年輪配列の指数化を行い、指数のバラツキの算出を行うことにより、製材品のネジレ発生量を推定する。
すなわち、ネジレに関しては、図３に示す木理傾斜角の標準偏差の面平均値、面標準偏差、面最小値との間に有意な正の相関関係が認められ、特に木理傾斜角の標準偏差の面最小値との間の相関関係が最も強く、このことは、図４に示すように、柾目面の木理の乱れ（バラツキ）が大きいほど、ネジレが大きいことを意味する。
このことを、狂い（ネジレ、まがり、縦ぞり、幅ぞり）と柾目面の年輪配列に係わる指標との相関関係で表１に表す。
【表１】

【００１１】
次に、より精度良くネジレを予測するために、元口と末口の未成熟材率の平均値及び木理傾斜角の標準偏差とネジレとの間の重相関を表２に表す。
【表２】

これにより、左側柾目面の未成熟材率と木理傾斜角の標準偏差の最小値による相関が最も高いことを示す。
この重相関により、適材としての建築用部材と不適材としての梱包材・パレット材等用製材品に分別することができる。
【００１２】
【効果】
このように、本発明のカラマツ材製材分別システムは、未成熟材ー成熟材峻別システムとネジレ予測システムとにより、適材としての建築用部材と不適材としての梱包材・パレット材等用製材品に分別することができるので、効率的な高品質建築用材の生産が可能となり、建築用材への利用が促進される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明のカラマツ材製材分別システムの概要図である。
【図２】本発明の未成熟材ー成熟材峻別システムとネジレ予測システムとの概要図である。
【図３】本発明の柾目面の年輪配列に関する指標を示す説明図である。
【図４】本発明のネジレに影響を及ぼす年輪配列指標を示す説明図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a larch lumber sorting system that predicts twist of larch wood and sorts lumber products that can be used for building materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
At present, larch in Hokkaido is in a state in which the area ratio of the 6 to 8 year old (30 to 40 year old) larch plantations is extremely high.
Since the larch harvesting age is mainly 40 to 50 years old, an increase in the amount of logs (materials) produced by logging over the next 10 years is expected.
However, the low use of larch wood for home building is due to the occurrence of twisting of larch wood.
[0003]
In larch wood, the difference in the material properties between the immature wood and the mature wood affects the amount of immature wood that affects the amount of twisting, and the higher the ratio of immature wood, the greater the amount of twisting.
The immature material portion is referred to as an immature material at an inner portion at a distance of 8 cm from the medulla.
[0004]
In addition, the annual ring arrangement affects the amount of torsion, and the amount of torsion decreases as all the annual rings on the straight grain surface are in a fixed direction and parallel to the length direction of the material, and the amount of torsion increases as the variation in the direction increases. .
By knowing such immature wood ratio and annual ring arrangement, it is possible to predict the amount of twisting of larch wood.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
On the other hand, a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a lumber product for a housing structural material capable of manufacturing a lumber product having no variation in quality and obtaining a high quality assurance and sufficiently responding to the generated complaint product are disclosed in JP-A-11-221807. It has become.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention focuses on the ratio of the low-quality portion of immature lumber (immature lumber ratio) and the arrangement of annual rings, and reduces the occurrence of twisting in the lumber process and separates larch lumber that can be used as building material. The purpose is to provide a system.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
For this purpose, the larch material sorting system of the present invention comprises an image input device comprising a flatbed scanner equipped with a linear CCD sensor, a scanning line of 150 dpi, a capture color of 24 bit color, and an image file format by the flatbed scanner. A larch lumber sorting system comprising a personal computer connected to the image input device, which is capable of capturing an annual ring image appearing on a larch lumber surface in a TIFF format,
A means for acquiring the images of the two sides of the log, estimating the position of the pulp from the curvature of the annual ring, and calculating the immature material ratio at the distance from the pulp, and the mature part and immature material at the distance from the pulp Drawing means to draw a line with the part, wood cutting setting means to set an appropriate wood cut to the mature lumber part of the wood edge, and further acquire the image of the straight-grained surface of the lumber for architectural lumber taken from the log, By performing indexing and calculating the variation of the index, a predicting means for estimating the amount of twisting of the sawn timber, and the predicting means for building materials as suitable materials and packing materials and pallet materials as unsuitable materials. It is provided with a judging means for separating into lumber products.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a larch lumber sorting system of the present invention will be described.
A larch lumber sorting system according to the present invention includes an image input device including a flatbed scanner having a linear CCD sensor, a personal computer connected to the image input device, and image processing software stored in the personal computer. The flatbed scanner can capture an annual ring image appearing on a larch material surface in a scanning line of 150 dpi, a capturing color of 24 bits, and an image file format of TIFF.
In addition, below the linear CCD sensor, an image capturing stand for moving the long larch lumber is arranged.
It should be noted that the material surface image can take in a total of six surfaces, ie, two plate faces, two straight grain faces, a tail end, and a base opening.
[0009]
Next, a larch lumber sorting system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The larch lumber sorting system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a <immature lumber-mature lumber distinguishing system> and a <twist prediction system> for knowing the immature lumber ratio and annual ring arrangement of larch lumber. .
As shown in FIG. 2, the immature material-mature material distinction system obtains an image of a log (material) on both sides of a log, estimates the position of the pith from the curvature of the annual ring, and determines the immature at a distance from the pith. Calculate the material rate.
That is, using the two-dimensional coordinates of the annual ring on the kiguchi surface obtained from the image, the coordinates of the log center are estimated, and a circle having a radius of 8 cm is drawn from the estimated log central coordinates. With respect to the included area, the area ratio with the tip area is calculated.
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, a line between the mature lumber part and the immature lumber part is drawn, an appropriate lumber cutting method is set on the edge of the wood, and the lumber cutting of the architectural lumber product is performed by the lumber picking of the mature lumber part. Do.
[0010]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the torsion prediction system obtains an image of the straight-grained surface of the building lumber, indexes the annual ring array, and calculates a variation in the index, thereby obtaining a lumber product. Is estimated.
That is, regarding the twist, a significant positive correlation was recognized between the surface average value, the surface standard deviation, and the surface minimum value of the standard deviation of the grain inclination angle shown in FIG. The correlation between the deviation and the surface minimum is the strongest, which means that the greater the grain disturbance (variation) of the straight-grained surface, the greater the twist as shown in FIG.
This is shown in Table 1 as a correlation between the deviation (twisted, curled, vertical sled, width sled) and an index relating to the arrangement of annual rings on the straight-grained face.
[Table 1]

[0011]
Next, in order to predict torsion more accurately, Table 2 shows a multiple correlation between the average value of the immature material ratios at the base opening and the end opening, the standard deviation of the grain inclination angle, and the torsion.
[Table 2]

This shows that the correlation between the immature material ratio of the left straight grain surface and the minimum value of the standard deviation of the grain inclination angle is the highest.
By this multiple correlation, it is possible to classify the building materials as suitable materials and the lumber products such as packing materials and pallet materials as unsuitable materials.
[0012]
【effect】
As described above, the larch lumber sorting system of the present invention can be used as an immature lumber-mature lumber distinguishing system and a torsion prediction system to produce lumber products such as building materials as suitable materials and packing materials and pallet materials as unsuitable materials. Since the materials can be separated, efficient production of high-quality building materials becomes possible, and utilization of the materials for building materials is promoted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a larch lumber sorting system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for distinguishing between immature material and mature material and a torsion prediction system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an index relating to an arrangement of annual rings on a straight-grained face according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an annual ring array index affecting torsion according to the present invention.

Claims

An image input device comprising a flatbed scanner having a linear CCD sensor, and the image input device connected to the image input device adapted to capture an annual ring image appearing on a larch lumber surface by the flatbed scanner. Larch lumber sorting system consisting of
A means for acquiring the images of the two sides of the log, estimating the position of the pulp from the curvature of the annual ring, and calculating the immature material ratio at the distance from the pulp, and the mature part and immature material at the distance from the pulp Drawing means to draw a line with the part, wood cutting setting means to set the appropriate wood cutting to the mature lumber part of the wood edge, furthermore, acquire the image of the straight-grained surface of the lumber for architectural lumber taken from the log, By performing indexing and calculating the variation of the index, predicting means for estimating the amount of twisting of lumber products, and using the predicting means for building materials as suitable materials and packing materials and pallet materials as inappropriate materials. A larch lumber sorting system comprising a judging means for sorting lumber products.