JP2004322029A - Painting method - Google Patents

Painting method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004322029A
JP2004322029A JP2003123779A JP2003123779A JP2004322029A JP 2004322029 A JP2004322029 A JP 2004322029A JP 2003123779 A JP2003123779 A JP 2003123779A JP 2003123779 A JP2003123779 A JP 2003123779A JP 2004322029 A JP2004322029 A JP 2004322029A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
coating
paint
undercoat
electrodeposition
curing
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JP2003123779A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroshi Yokoyama
博志 横山
Takashi Arakawa
孝 荒川
Yutaka Morikawa
豊 森川
Masahiko Yamanaka
雅彦 山中
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority to JP2003123779A priority Critical patent/JP2004322029A/en
Publication of JP2004322029A publication Critical patent/JP2004322029A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a wet-on-wet painting system of primary painting and intermediate painting while preventing painting defect like foaming fault or skin failure. <P>SOLUTION: In this painting method, at least a primer, an intermediate paint and a finishing paint are applied. The primer is applied and the intermediate paint is applied in a wet-on-wet way, then these are simultaneously subjected to baking setting, and the finishing paint is applied. When simultaneously baking the primer and intermediate paint, setting of the primer and intermediate paint is started after vaporizing at least a solvent of the primer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【技術分野】
本発明は、自動車ボディ等に適用して好ましい塗装方法に関し、特に下塗り塗料と中塗り塗料とをウェットオンウェットで塗装し、これを同時に焼き付ける2コート1ベーク系の塗装方法に関する。
【0002】
【背景技術】
自動車ボディの塗装系は、エポキシ系樹脂を主剤とする電着塗料などが適用される下塗り塗装と、ポリエステル系樹脂を主剤とする中塗り塗料と、同じくポリエステル系塗料を主剤とする上塗り塗料の3種の塗料を用い、下塗り塗装を施したのちこれを焼き付け、硬化した下塗り塗膜の上に中塗り塗装を施したのちこれを焼き付け、硬化した中塗り塗膜の上に上塗り塗装を施したのちこれを焼き付けることで完成する、いわゆる3コート3ベーク系の塗装方法が採用されている。
【0003】
ところが、こうした3コート3ベーク塗装系では、下塗り塗装工程、中塗り塗装工程及び上塗り塗装工程のそれぞれに乾燥炉が必要とされるので、乾燥炉を設置するための広い工程スペースが必要となり、また乾燥炉で消費されるエネルギが自動車の生産コストに反映する。
【0004】
そこで、これら3つの工程に設けられた乾燥炉を2つ以下に減じて上記問題を解決するために、下塗り塗装と中塗り塗装又は中塗り塗装と上塗り塗装をウェットオンウェットで塗装することが検討されている。
【0005】
しかしながら、下塗り塗装と中塗り塗装とをウェットオンウェットで塗装し、これらを同時に焼き付ける塗装系では、以下の問題があった。
【0006】
すなわち、下塗り塗料の焼き付け温度は170℃×20分保持であるのに対し、中塗り塗料の焼き付け温度は140℃×20分保持であるため、これらを同時に焼き付けると、図5に示すように上層に塗装された中塗り塗膜が140℃近傍で先に硬化し始めたのちに下層に塗装された下塗り塗膜が170℃近傍で硬化し始める。
【0007】
ここで、下塗り塗膜の溶剤(一般な電着塗料は水)は中塗り塗膜が効果を開始する140℃以上でも蒸発する。このため、下層の下塗り塗膜の溶剤が、既に硬化が進行している中塗り塗膜を突き破って蒸発するワキ不具合や、中塗り塗膜が硬化したのちに下塗り塗膜が硬化して収縮することで中塗り塗膜が肌不良になるといった問題があった。
【0008】
【発明の開示】
本発明は、ワキ不具合や肌不良といった塗装不良を防止しつつ下塗り塗装と中塗り塗装とのウェットオンウェット塗装系が実現できる塗装方法ことを目的とする。
【0009】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明によれば、少なくとも下塗り塗料、中塗り塗料及び上塗り塗料の3つの塗料を塗装する塗装方法であって、前記下塗り塗料を塗装し、ウェットオンウェットで前記中塗り塗料を塗装したのち、これらを同時に焼き付け硬化させ、前記上塗り塗料を塗装する塗装方法において、前記下塗り塗料と前記中塗り塗料とを同時に焼き付ける際に、少なくとも前記下塗り塗料の溶剤を蒸発させたのち、前記下塗り塗料および前記中塗り塗料の硬化を開始させることを特徴とする塗装方法が提供される。
【0010】
本発明では、下塗り塗料と中塗り塗料とを同時に焼き付ける際に、下塗り塗料と中塗り塗料の硬化反応を開始させる前に、少なくとも下塗り塗料の溶剤を先に蒸発させる。そして、これら下塗り塗料と中塗り塗料とを同時に焼き付け硬化させるので、焼き付け硬化時において、中塗り塗料が硬化を開始する際には下層に塗装された下塗り塗料の溶剤は既に蒸発している。したがって、下層の下塗り塗料の溶剤が未硬化状態である上層の中塗り塗膜を突き破るといったワキ不具合の発生を防止することができ、また中塗り塗膜の肌不良を防止することができる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1は本発明の実施形態に係る塗装方法を示す工程図である。
【0012】
本実施形態に係る塗装方法は、下塗り塗装、中塗り塗装及び上塗り塗装の3コート系の塗装系において、下塗り塗装と中塗り塗装とをウェットオンウェットで塗装し、これらを同時に焼き付けたのち上塗り塗装を施す、いわゆる3コート2ベークの塗装系である。下塗り塗装と中塗り塗装に関していえば2コート1ベークの塗装系である。
【0013】
すなわち、洗浄・前処理された被塗物である自動車ボディを電着槽に浸漬させることで電着塗装を施し、これを焼き付け硬化させることなく中塗りブースに搬送し、未硬化の電着塗膜上に中塗り塗料を塗装したのち、中塗り乾燥炉にてこれら未硬化の電着塗膜及び中塗り塗膜を同時に焼き付ける。
【0014】
ここで、本実施形態で用いられる電着塗料と中塗り塗料は、それぞれの硬化開始温度が、電着塗料の溶剤である水の蒸発温度よりも高い温度、たとえば120℃〜180℃とされている。また、電着塗料の硬化開始温度T1が中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度T2よりも、たとえば5℃〜20℃だけ低くされている。従来の電着塗料の硬化条件は170℃×20分保持が一般的であり、また中塗り塗料の硬化条件は140℃×20分保持が一般的であるが、本実施形態では、たとえば電着塗料の硬化開始温度T1を120℃〜180℃とし、中塗り塗料の硬化温度T2をこれより5℃〜20℃高くする。それぞれの硬化温度保持時間については特に限定されないが、たとえば何れも20分以上である。
【0015】
電着塗料の硬化開始温度T1を既存の電着塗料の硬化開始温度に比べて低温化させる手法としては、たとえば、電着塗料が基体樹脂としてのエポキシ系樹脂と、架橋剤としてのブロックポリイソシアネートとを含む材質である場合には、ブロックポリイソシアネートをブロックするアルコール系ブロック剤に、既存のアルコール系ブロック剤より短いアルキル基のアルコール系ブロック剤を採用する。短いアルキル基のアルコール系ブロック剤を用いることでブロック剤の解離温度が低下し、これにより電着塗料の反応開始温度を低温化させることができる。特に本例では、解離温度が電着塗料の溶剤、すなわち水の蒸発温度よりも高いブロック剤を採用する。
【0016】
また、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度T2を既存の中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度に比べて高温化させる手法としては、たとえば、中塗り塗料が水酸基とカルボキシル基とを有する基体樹脂と、架橋剤としてのブロックポリイソシアネートとを含む材質である場合には、ブロックポリイソシアネートをブロックするアルコール系ブロック剤に、既存のアルコール系ブロック剤より長いアルキル基のアルコール系ブロック剤を採用する。長いアルキル基のアルコール系ブロック剤を用いることでブロック剤の解離温度が上昇し、これにより中塗り塗料の反応温度を高温化させることができる。特に本例では、解離温度が電着塗料の溶剤、すなわち水の蒸発温度よりも高いブロック剤を採用する。
【0017】
なお、本実施形態では、電着塗料の硬化開始温度を140℃、中塗り塗料の硬化温度を145℃としたが、この具体的数値は特に限定されるものではなく、本発明の塗装方法では任意の数値にすることもできる。
【0018】
次に本実施形態の塗装方法を適用した塗装ラインの一例を説明する。図2は本発明の実施形態に係る塗装方法を適用した塗装ラインを示す図、図3は本発明の実施形態に係る塗装方法の中塗り乾燥炉における時間と温度との関係及び時間と粘度との関係を示すグラフ、図4は中塗り乾燥炉の設定温度を示す図である。
【0019】
ホワイトボディとして組み立てられた自動車ボディは、車体組立工程から塗装工場に搬入され、最初の前処理ブース1にて、ボディに付着した油や塵埃が除去されるとともに、ボディを構成する鋼板表面に防錆用化成被膜が形成される。
【0020】
前処理ブース1を通過することで清浄及び化成被膜が形成されたボディは、電着塗料が満たされた電着塗装槽2に搬送され、電着塗料に浸漬される。電着塗装槽2では電着塗料に高電圧が印加されることにより電着塗料が電気泳動し、これによりボディに電着塗膜が形成される。電着塗装槽2を出槽したボディは、電着水洗ブース3に搬入され、ここでボディに付着した余分な電着塗料が洗い流される。ここで、硬化開始温度が140℃、硬化条件を140℃×20分保持とした電着塗料を電着塗装槽2に満たしておく。
【0021】
従来の塗装方法では、電着水洗を終了したボディを電着乾燥炉に搬入し、電着塗膜を焼き付け硬化させるが、本実施形態では電着乾燥炉を設けずに、電着塗膜が未硬化の状態でボディを中塗りブース4へ搬入する。なお、既存の塗装ラインをそのまま使用する場合には、電着乾燥炉の運転を停止して未硬化の電着塗膜が形成されたボディをそのまま通過させる。
【0022】
中塗りブース4では、硬化開始温度を145℃、硬化条件を145℃×20分保持にした中塗り塗料をボディに塗装する。塗装方法は特に限定されず、ベル式塗装ガンやスプレー式塗装ガンなどを用いて塗装する。また、中塗り塗料の材質も特に限定されず、水系塗料及び有機溶剤系塗料の何れも使用することができるが、電着塗料が水系塗料である場合には中塗り塗料も水系塗料を用いることがより好ましい。
【0023】
未硬化の電着塗膜の上に中塗り塗料が塗布されたボディは中塗り乾燥炉5に搬入され、ここで電着塗膜及び中塗り塗膜が同時に焼き付け硬化される。
【0024】
ここで、本実施形態の中塗り乾燥炉5の設定温度は、図4に示すように入口側の第1ゾーンを電着塗料の硬化温度以上かつ中塗り塗料の硬化温度未満である、たとえば140℃に設定し、出口側の第2ゾーンを中塗り塗料の硬化温度以上である145℃に設定している。ただし、これら140℃及び145℃という数値は本発明を限定するものではない。
【0025】
図3は、このように設定された中塗り乾燥炉5におけるボディの昇温曲線と塗膜の粘度曲線を示すグラフであり、本実施形態では電着塗料および中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度が電着塗料の溶剤である水の蒸発温度100℃より高いので、下層に形成された電着塗膜および上層に形成された中塗り塗膜から溶剤が蒸発する温度では、電着塗膜および中塗り塗膜ともに硬化を開始しない。したがって、電着塗膜および中塗り塗膜に含まれた溶剤分は140℃に達するまで間に蒸発し、次に電着塗膜が硬化を開始する140℃においては当該電着塗膜に含まれる溶剤分が殆どなくなっている。これにより、上層の中塗り塗膜を突き破って電着塗膜の溶剤が蒸発する、いわゆるワキ不具合の発生が防止される。
【0026】
また本例では、電着塗料の硬化開始温度T1が中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度T2よりも低いので、同図上に示すようにボディ温度が140℃近傍に達したときに、電着塗膜のみが硬化反応を開始する。この状態では中塗り塗膜の硬化反応は未だ開始されていない。そして、同図下の粘度曲線に示すように、中塗り乾燥炉5の第1ゾーンでは、電着塗料および中塗り塗料それぞれのガラス転移点を超えたところで電着塗膜および中塗り塗膜ともに粘度が一旦低下し、ここで電着塗膜および中塗り塗膜ともに平滑になる。
【0027】
さらにボディ温度が中塗り乾燥炉5の第2ゾーンに入り、ボディ温度が145℃に達すると、中塗り塗膜の硬化が開始されて増粘し始めるが、下層にある電着塗膜の粘度は既に増加しているので、中塗り塗膜の平滑性はそのまま維持されることになる。そして、さらにボディ温度が上昇すると中塗り塗膜の粘度が上昇し始める。
【0028】
中塗り乾燥炉5を通過したボディには、硬化した電着塗膜及び中塗り塗膜が形成され、次にこれを上塗りブース6に搬入する。上塗りブース6では従来公知の方法により上塗り塗料が塗装され、次の上塗り乾燥炉7にて上塗り塗膜が焼き付け硬化される。
【0029】
以上のように、本実施形態の塗装方法によれば、従来必要とされた電着乾燥炉が不要となるので、塗装ラインの工程スペースが格段に縮小される。また、電着乾燥炉にて使用されていた熱エネルギーも不要となるので生産コストを低減させることができる。
【0030】
これに加えて、電着塗膜と中塗り塗膜とが硬化を開始する前に電着塗膜の溶剤分が蒸発し終えているので、ワキ不具合や肌不良といった塗装不具合を防止することができる。
【0031】
なお、以上説明した実施形態は、本発明の理解を容易にするために記載されたものであって、本発明を限定するために記載されたものではない。したがって、上記の実施形態に開示された各要素は、本発明の技術的範囲に属する全ての設計変更や均等物をも含む趣旨である。
【0032】
【実施例】
実施例1
自動車ドアパーツに脱脂、前処理およびリン酸亜鉛化成被膜処理を施し、これを水洗したのち、カチオン電着塗料(日本ペイント社製PTU−100)を250Vの電圧で3分間電着塗装した。これを水洗したのち室温で5分間セッティングした。電着膜厚は20μmであった。
【0033】
この電着塗膜の上に、中塗り塗料(日本ペイント社製OP−61)を乾燥膜厚で25〜30μmとなるように塗装し、130℃×20分保持の条件で電着塗膜および中塗り塗膜を同時に焼き付けた。
【0034】
本例で用いた電着塗料は硬化開始温度が120℃であり、中塗り塗料は硬化開始温度が125℃である。
【0035】
実施例2
中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を140℃、同時焼き付け条件を145℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0036】
実施例3
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を140℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を145℃、同時焼き付け条件を150℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0037】
実施例4
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を140℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を160℃、同時焼き付け条件を165℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0038】
実施例5
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を160℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を165℃、同時焼き付け条件を170℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0039】
実施例6
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を160℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を180℃、同時焼き付け条件を185℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0040】
実施例7
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を175℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を180℃、同時焼き付け条件を185℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0041】
比較例1
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を110℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を135℃、同時焼き付け条件を140℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0042】
比較例2
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を120℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を110℃、同時焼き付け条件を125℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0043】
比較例3
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を120℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を145℃、同時焼き付け条件を150℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0044】
比較例4
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を160℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を160℃、同時焼き付け条件を165℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0045】
比較例5
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を160℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を150℃、同時焼き付け条件を165℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0046】
比較例6
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を180℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を180℃、同時焼き付け条件を185℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0047】
比較例7
電着塗料の硬化開始温度を160℃、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度を190℃、同時焼き付け条件を195℃×20分保持とした以外は実施例1と同じ条件でテストピースを作製した。
【0048】
評価方法
上記実施例1〜7および比較例1〜7のテストピースの塗膜外観(塗り肌)を目視評価し、非常に良好なものを○、やや良好なものを△、不良のものを×とした。
【0049】
また、タレの発生が全く観察されなかったものを○、タレの発生がやや観察されたものを△、タレ不良のものを×とした。
【0050】
さらに、テストピースの塗膜にカッターで2mmの升目を100個作り、その表面にセロファンテープを密着させ、強く引き剥がした後の状態を評価した。そして、剥がれなかった升目の数を数えた。以上の結果を表1に示す。
【0051】
【表1】

Figure 2004322029
考 察
実施例1〜7のテストピースは全て良好な塗装品質を示したが、比較例2および5のように電着塗料の硬化開始温度が中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度より高いと塗装肌に欠陥が生じた。また、比較例1,3および7のように電着塗料の硬化開始温度と中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度との差が20℃を超えると密着性に問題があり、さらに、比較例7のように、中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度が電着塗料の硬化開始温度より30℃も高いと密着性不良に加えてタレ不良も発生した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態に係る塗装方法を示す工程図である。
【図2】本発明の実施形態に係る塗装方法を適用した塗装ラインを示す図である。
【図3】本発明の実施形態に係る塗装方法の中塗り乾燥炉における時間と温度との関係及び時間と粘度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図4】本発明の実施形態に係る塗装方法の中塗り乾燥炉における設定温度を示す図である。
【図5】従来の塗装方法の中塗り乾燥炉における時間と温度との関係及び時間と粘度との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1…前処理ブース
2…電着塗装槽
3…電着水洗ブース
4…中塗り塗装ブース
5…中塗り乾燥炉
6…上塗り塗装ブース
7…上塗り乾燥炉[0001]
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a coating method which is preferably applied to an automobile body and the like, and more particularly to a two-coat one-bake coating method in which an undercoat and an intermediate paint are applied wet-on-wet and baked simultaneously.
[0002]
[Background Art]
The coating system of the automobile body is divided into three types: an undercoating coating to which an electrodeposition coating mainly containing an epoxy resin is applied, an intermediate coating coating mainly to a polyester resin, and a top coating coating mainly to a polyester coating. After applying an undercoat, using a kind of paint, baking it, applying an intermediate coat on the cured undercoat, then baking it and applying a topcoat on the cured intermediate coat A so-called three-coat three-bake coating method, which is completed by baking this, is adopted.
[0003]
However, in such a three-coat, three-bake coating system, a drying furnace is required for each of the undercoating step, the intermediate coating step, and the topcoating step, so that a large process space for installing the drying furnace is required. The energy consumed in the drying oven reflects on the production cost of the car.
[0004]
Therefore, in order to solve the above problem by reducing the number of drying ovens provided in these three processes to two or less, it is considered to apply undercoating and intermediate coating or intermediate coating and topcoating on a wet-on-wet basis. Have been.
[0005]
However, a coating system in which the undercoating and the intermediate coating are applied wet-on-wet and then baked simultaneously has the following problems.
[0006]
In other words, the baking temperature of the undercoat is 170 ° C. × 20 minutes, while the baking temperature of the intermediate coating is 140 ° C. × 20 minutes. After the intermediate coating film applied to the lower layer starts to harden at around 140 ° C., the undercoat film applied to the lower layer starts to harden at around 170 ° C.
[0007]
Here, the solvent of the undercoat film (a common electrodeposition paint is water) evaporates even at 140 ° C. or higher at which the effect of the intermediate coat film starts. For this reason, the solvent of the undercoat film of the lower layer, a wrinkle defect that evaporates by breaking through the intermediate coat film which has already been cured, and the undercoat film is cured and shrinks after the intermediate coat film is cured. As a result, there is a problem that the intermediate coating film becomes defective on the skin.
[0008]
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a coating method capable of realizing a wet-on-wet coating system of undercoating and intermediate coating while preventing coating defects such as armpit defects and skin defects.
[0009]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a coating method for applying at least three paints of an undercoat, an intermediate paint, and an overcoat, wherein the undercoat is applied, and the undercoat is wet-on-wet. After applying the coating paint, these are simultaneously baked and cured, and in the coating method of applying the top coating, after baking the undercoat and the intermediate coating at the same time, after evaporating at least the solvent of the undercoat. And a curing method for initiating curing of the undercoat and the intermediate paint.
[0010]
In the present invention, when the undercoat paint and the intermediate paint are simultaneously baked, at least the solvent of the undercoat paint is first evaporated before the curing reaction between the undercoat paint and the intermediate paint is started. Then, since the undercoat paint and the intermediate paint are simultaneously baked and cured, the solvent of the undercoat paint applied to the lower layer has already been evaporated at the time of baking and curing when the intermediate paint starts curing. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an armpit defect such that the solvent of the lower layer undercoat paint breaks through the uncured upper layer intermediate coat film, and it is also possible to prevent skin defects of the intermediate coat film.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process chart showing a coating method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0012]
In the coating method according to the present embodiment, in a three-coat coating system of undercoating, intermediate coating and topcoating, undercoating and intermediate coating are applied wet-on-wet, and these are simultaneously baked and then topcoated. , A so-called three-coat two-bake coating system. Speaking of undercoating and intermediate coating, it is a coating system of two coats and one bake.
[0013]
That is, the automotive body, which has been washed and pre-treated, is immersed in an electrodeposition bath to perform electrodeposition coating, and is conveyed to an intermediate coating booth without being baked and cured. After applying the intermediate coating on the film, the uncured electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film are simultaneously baked in an intermediate coating drying oven.
[0014]
Here, the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint and the intermediate coating used in the present embodiment is set to a temperature higher than the evaporation temperature of water as a solvent of the electrodeposition paint, for example, 120 ° C. to 180 ° C. I have. Further, the curing start temperature T1 of the electrodeposition paint is lower than the curing start temperature T2 of the intermediate paint by, for example, 5 ° C. to 20 ° C. In general, the curing condition of the conventional electrodeposition paint is 170 ° C. × 20 minutes, and the curing condition of the intermediate coating material is 140 ° C. × 20 minutes. The curing start temperature T1 of the paint is set to 120 ° C. to 180 ° C., and the curing temperature T2 of the intermediate coating is set to 5 ° C. to 20 ° C. higher than this. The respective curing temperature holding times are not particularly limited, and for example, each is 20 minutes or more.
[0015]
As a method of lowering the curing start temperature T1 of the electrodeposition paint compared to the curing start temperature of the existing electrodeposition paint, for example, the electrodeposition paint is made of an epoxy resin as a base resin and a block polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent. In the case of a material containing the following, an alcohol-based blocking agent having an alkyl group shorter than the existing alcohol-based blocking agent is used as the alcohol-based blocking agent that blocks the blocked polyisocyanate. By using an alcohol-based blocking agent having a short alkyl group, the dissociation temperature of the blocking agent is lowered, whereby the reaction start temperature of the electrodeposition paint can be lowered. In particular, in this example, a blocking agent having a dissociation temperature higher than the evaporation temperature of the solvent of the electrodeposition paint, that is, water is employed.
[0016]
As a method of raising the curing start temperature T2 of the intermediate coating composition to a higher temperature than the curing start temperature of the existing intermediate coating composition, for example, a method in which the intermediate coating composition has a base resin having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group and a crosslinking agent In the case of a material containing the above-mentioned blocked polyisocyanate, an alcohol-based blocking agent having an alkyl group longer than the existing alcohol-based blocking agent is used as the alcohol-based blocking agent for blocking the blocked polyisocyanate. By using an alcohol-based blocking agent having a long alkyl group, the dissociation temperature of the blocking agent is increased, whereby the reaction temperature of the intermediate coating material can be increased. In particular, in this example, a blocking agent having a dissociation temperature higher than the evaporation temperature of the solvent of the electrodeposition paint, that is, water is employed.
[0017]
In the present embodiment, the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint is set at 140 ° C., and the curing temperature of the intermediate coating is set at 145 ° C. However, the specific numerical values are not particularly limited. It can be any number.
[0018]
Next, an example of a coating line to which the coating method of the present embodiment is applied will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a coating line to which a coating method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between time and temperature, and a relationship between time and viscosity in an intermediate coating drying furnace in a coating method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a set temperature of the intermediate coating drying oven.
[0019]
The car body assembled as a white body is transported to the paint shop from the car body assembly process, where the first pre-treatment booth 1 removes oil and dust attached to the body and protects the body from the surface of the steel plate constituting the body. A rust conversion coating is formed.
[0020]
The body on which the clean and conversion coating is formed by passing through the pretreatment booth 1 is transported to the electrodeposition coating tank 2 filled with the electrodeposition paint, and is immersed in the electrodeposition paint. In the electrodeposition coating tank 2, when a high voltage is applied to the electrodeposition paint, the electrodeposition paint electrophoreses, whereby an electrodeposition coating film is formed on the body. The body leaving the electrodeposition coating tank 2 is carried into the electrodeposition washing booth 3, where excess electrodeposition paint adhered to the body is washed away. Here, the electrodeposition coating tank 2 is filled with an electrodeposition paint having a curing start temperature of 140 ° C. and curing conditions of 140 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0021]
In the conventional coating method, the body after the electrodeposition washing is carried into an electrodeposition drying furnace, and the electrodeposition coating film is baked and cured, but in the present embodiment, the electrodeposition coating film is provided without the electrodeposition drying furnace. The body is transported to the intermediate coating booth 4 in an uncured state. When the existing coating line is used as it is, the operation of the electrodeposition drying furnace is stopped and the body on which the uncured electrodeposition coating film is formed is passed as it is.
[0022]
In the intermediate coating booth 4, the body is coated with an intermediate coating material having a curing start temperature of 145 ° C. and curing conditions of 145 ° C. × 20 minutes. The coating method is not particularly limited, and the coating is performed using a bell-type coating gun, a spray-type coating gun, or the like. In addition, the material of the intermediate coating is not particularly limited, and any of a water-based coating and an organic solvent-based coating can be used. However, if the electrodeposition coating is a water-based coating, the intermediate coating should also be a water-based coating. Is more preferred.
[0023]
The body in which the intermediate coating is applied on the uncured electrodeposition coating is carried into the intermediate coating drying furnace 5, where the electrodeposition coating and the intermediate coating are simultaneously baked and cured.
[0024]
Here, the set temperature of the intermediate coating drying furnace 5 of the present embodiment is, as shown in FIG. 4, the first zone on the entrance side is equal to or higher than the curing temperature of the electrodeposition paint and lower than the curing temperature of the intermediate coating paint, for example, 140 ° C, and the second zone on the outlet side is set to 145 ° C, which is equal to or higher than the curing temperature of the intermediate coating material. However, these numerical values of 140 ° C. and 145 ° C. do not limit the present invention.
[0025]
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature rise curve of the body and the viscosity curve of the coating film in the intermediate coating drying furnace 5 set as described above. In this embodiment, the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition coating material and the intermediate coating material is changed. Since the evaporation temperature of water, which is the solvent of the coating material, is higher than 100 ° C., the temperature at which the solvent evaporates from the electrodeposition coating film formed in the lower layer and the intermediate coating film formed in the upper layer is limited to the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating. Both coatings do not start to cure. Therefore, the solvent contained in the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film evaporates until the temperature reaches 140 ° C., and at 140 ° C. at which the electrodeposition coating film starts to cure, it is contained in the electrodeposition coating film. The solvent content is almost gone. This prevents the so-called armpit defect, in which the solvent of the electrodeposition coating film evaporates by breaking through the upper intermediate coating film.
[0026]
Further, in this example, since the curing start temperature T1 of the electrodeposition paint is lower than the curing start temperature T2 of the intermediate paint, when the body temperature reaches around 140 ° C. as shown in FIG. Only the curing reaction starts. In this state, the curing reaction of the intermediate coating film has not yet started. Then, as shown in the viscosity curve at the bottom of the figure, in the first zone of the intermediate coating drying furnace 5, when the glass transition point of each of the electrodeposition coating and the intermediate coating is exceeded, both the electrodeposition coating and the intermediate coating are applied. The viscosity once decreases, where both the electrodeposition coating and the intermediate coating become smooth.
[0027]
Further, when the body temperature enters the second zone of the intermediate coating drying furnace 5 and the body temperature reaches 145 ° C., the intermediate coating film starts to be hardened and starts to increase in viscosity. Has already been increased, so that the smoothness of the intermediate coating film is maintained as it is. When the body temperature further increases, the viscosity of the intermediate coating film starts to increase.
[0028]
A cured electrodeposition coating film and an intermediate coating film are formed on the body that has passed through the intermediate coating drying furnace 5, and are then carried into the top coating booth 6. In the top coat booth 6, a top coat is applied by a conventionally known method, and the top coat is baked and cured in the next top coat drying furnace 7.
[0029]
As described above, according to the coating method of the present embodiment, the conventionally required electrodeposition drying furnace is not required, so that the process space of the coating line is significantly reduced. Further, thermal energy used in the electrodeposition drying furnace is not required, so that the production cost can be reduced.
[0030]
In addition, since the solvent content of the electrodeposition coating film has been evaporated before the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film begin to cure, it is possible to prevent coating defects such as armpit defects and skin defects. it can.
[0031]
The embodiments described above are described for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and are not described for limiting the present invention. Therefore, each element disclosed in the above embodiment is intended to include all design changes and equivalents belonging to the technical scope of the present invention.
[0032]
【Example】
Example 1
The automobile door parts were subjected to degreasing, pretreatment, and zinc phosphate conversion coating treatment, washed with water, and then electrodeposited with a cationic electrodeposition paint (Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., PTU-100) at a voltage of 250 V for 3 minutes. This was washed with water and set at room temperature for 5 minutes. The electrodeposited film thickness was 20 μm.
[0033]
On this electrodeposition coating film, an intermediate coating (OP-61 manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.) is applied so as to have a dry film thickness of 25 to 30 μm. The intermediate coat was baked simultaneously.
[0034]
The electrodeposition paint used in this example has a curing start temperature of 120 ° C, and the intermediate coating has a curing start temperature of 125 ° C.
[0035]
Example 2
A test piece was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating composition was 140 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was 145 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0036]
Example 3
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 140 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate paint was 145 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was kept at 150 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0037]
Example 4
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 140 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate paint was 160 ° C., and the simultaneous baking conditions were maintained at 165 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0038]
Example 5
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 160 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate paint was 165 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was maintained at 170 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0039]
Example 6
A test piece was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 160 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint was 180 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was maintained at 185 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0040]
Example 7
A test piece was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 175 ° C, the curing start temperature of the intermediate paint was 180 ° C, and the simultaneous baking conditions were kept at 185 ° C for 20 minutes.
[0041]
Comparative Example 1
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 110 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint was 135 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was kept at 140 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0042]
Comparative Example 2
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 120 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint was 110 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was kept at 125 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0043]
Comparative Example 3
A test piece was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 120 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint was 145 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was kept at 150 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0044]
Comparative Example 4
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 160 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint was 160 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was maintained at 165 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0045]
Comparative Example 5
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 160 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint was 150 ° C., and the simultaneous baking conditions were maintained at 165 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0046]
Comparative Example 6
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 180 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate paint was 180 ° C., and the simultaneous baking conditions were maintained at 185 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0047]
Comparative Example 7
Test pieces were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint was 160 ° C., the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint was 190 ° C., and the simultaneous baking condition was held at 195 ° C. × 20 minutes.
[0048]
Evaluation method The appearance of the coating film (coated skin) of the test pieces of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 was visually evaluated. Was evaluated as x.
[0049]
In addition, ○ indicates that no sagging was observed, Δ indicates that slight sagging was observed, and X indicates poor sagging.
[0050]
Further, 100 pieces of 2 mm squares were formed on the coating film of the test piece with a cutter, a cellophane tape was adhered to the surface thereof, and the state after strong peeling was evaluated. Then, the number of squares that did not come off was counted. Table 1 shows the above results.
[0051]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004322029
All test pieces Discussion <br/> Examples 1-7 showed good coating quality, higher than the curing initiation temperature of the curing initiation temperature of intermediate coating material of electrodeposition coating as in Comparative Example 2 and 5 And a defect occurred on the painted skin. Further, when the difference between the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition paint and the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating paint exceeds 20 ° C. as in Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 7, there is a problem in adhesion, and as in Comparative Example 7, In addition, if the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating was higher than the curing start temperature of the electrodeposition coating by 30 ° C., sagging failure occurred in addition to poor adhesion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process chart showing a coating method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a coating line to which a coating method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between time and temperature and a relationship between time and viscosity in an intermediate coating drying furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a set temperature in an intermediate coating drying furnace of a coating method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between time and temperature and a relationship between time and viscosity in an intermediate coating drying furnace of a conventional coating method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pre-processing booth 2 ... Electrodeposition coating tank 3 ... Electrodeposition rinsing booth 4 ... Intermediate coating booth 5 ... Intermediate coating drying furnace 6 ... Top coating booth 7 ... Top coating drying furnace

Claims (7)

少なくとも下塗り塗料、中塗り塗料及び上塗り塗料の3つの塗料を塗装する塗装方法であって、前記下塗り塗料を塗装し、ウェットオンウェットで前記中塗り塗料を塗装したのち、これらを同時に焼き付け硬化させ、前記上塗り塗料を塗装する塗装方法において、
前記下塗り塗料と前記中塗り塗料とを同時に焼き付ける際に、少なくとも前記下塗り塗料の溶剤を蒸発させたのち、前記下塗り塗料および前記中塗り塗料の硬化を開始させることを特徴とする塗装方法。
At least an undercoat, an intermediate coating, and a coating method of applying three paints of a topcoat, wherein the undercoat is applied, and after the intermediate paint is applied wet-on-wet, these are simultaneously baked and cured, In a coating method of coating the top coating,
When simultaneously baking the undercoat paint and the intermediate paint, at least a solvent of the undercoat paint is evaporated, and then the curing of the undercoat paint and the intermediate paint is started.
少なくとも前記下塗り塗料の溶剤を蒸発させたのち、前記下塗り塗料の硬化を開始させ、次いで前記中塗り塗料の硬化を開始させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の塗装方法。The coating method according to claim 1, wherein after at least evaporating a solvent of the undercoat, curing of the undercoat is started, and then, curing of the intermediate paint is started. 前記下塗り塗料及び前記中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度は、120℃〜180℃であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の塗装方法。3. The coating method according to claim 1, wherein the curing start temperature of the undercoat paint and the intermediate paint is 120 ° C. to 180 ° C. 4. 前記下塗り塗料の硬化開始温度は、前記中塗り塗料の硬化開始温度より5℃〜20℃低いことを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の塗装方法。The coating method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the curing start temperature of the undercoat is lower by 5C to 20C than the curing start temperature of the intermediate coating. 前記下塗り塗料及び中塗り塗料は、基体樹脂と、架橋剤としてのブロックポリイソシアネートとを含み、前記ブロックポリイソシアネートは、下塗り塗料の溶剤及び中塗り塗料の溶剤の蒸発温度を超える温度で解離するブロック剤でブロックされた請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の塗装方法。The undercoat and the intermediate paint contain a base resin and a blocked polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent, and the block polyisocyanate dissociates at a temperature higher than the evaporation temperature of the solvent of the undercoat and the solvent of the intermediate paint. The coating method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coating method is blocked with an agent. 前記下塗り塗料は、基体樹脂としてのエポキシ系樹脂と、架橋剤としてのブロックポリイソシアネートとを含み、前記ブロックポリイソシアネートは、120℃〜180℃で解離するブロック剤でブロックされた請求項3又は4記載の塗装方法。The said undercoat paint contains the epoxy resin as a base resin, and the block polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent, The said block polyisocyanate was blocked with the blocking agent which dissociates at 120-180 degreeC. The painting method described. 前記中塗り塗料は、水酸基とカルボキシル基とを有する基体樹脂と、架橋剤としてのブロックポリイソシアネートとを含み、前記ブロックポリイソシアネートは120℃〜180℃で解離するブロック剤でブロックされた請求項3又は4記載の塗装方法。The said intermediate coating material contains the base resin which has a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, and the block polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent, The said block polyisocyanate was blocked with the blocking agent which dissociates at 120 degreeC-180 degreeC. Or the coating method according to 4.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007023165A (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-02-01 Asahi Rubber Kk Chipping-resistant coating and method for applying chipping-resistant coating
WO2009008338A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Coating method and coated member obtained by the same
JP2015139758A (en) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-03 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Coating method and coated body provided according to the same
JP2015139759A (en) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-03 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Coating method and coated body provided according to the same
US11426762B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2022-08-30 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Low bake autodeposition coatings

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007023165A (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-02-01 Asahi Rubber Kk Chipping-resistant coating and method for applying chipping-resistant coating
WO2009008338A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Coating method and coated member obtained by the same
US20100136342A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2010-06-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho COATING METHOD AND COATED ARTICLE OBTAINED BY THE SAME ( amended
CN101790428A (en) * 2007-07-06 2010-07-28 丰田自动车株式会社 Coating method and coated member obtained by the same
US8795835B2 (en) 2007-07-06 2014-08-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Coating method and coated article obtained by the same
JP2015139758A (en) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-03 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Coating method and coated body provided according to the same
JP2015139759A (en) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-03 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Coating method and coated body provided according to the same
US11426762B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2022-08-30 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Low bake autodeposition coatings

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