JP2004313893A - Packing material for cleaning gas and system for cleaning contaminated gas - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a packing material for cleaning a gas, by which air can be cleaned by removing gaseous contaminants containing a molecule-state or aerosol-state gas in a lump and to provide a system for cleaning a contaminated gas. <P>SOLUTION: This packing material is obtained by impregnating a paper particle with an aqueous solution containing PVA or chitosan, a cellulosic fiber cross-linking agent, an acidity promoting agent and/or methyl alcohol and drying and heat-treating the impregnated paper particle or by impregnating the paper particle with another aqueous solution containing PVA or chitosan and the acidity promoting agent, drying the impregnated paper particle while keeping the moisture content intact and reacting the dried paper particle with gaseous formaldehyde at ≤100°C so that the packing material has the desired water resistance and hardness. This system for cleaning the contaminated gas is constituted so that a packing material-packed layer is impregnated or supplied with a cleaning chemical solution containing a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound and the contaminated gas is made to pass through the packing material-packed layer. The aqueous cleaning chemical solution containing straight-chained polyacrylamide having ≥1.0 x 10<SP>7</SP>molecular weight and/or the water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound is sprayed toward the contaminated gas, and to passed through the packing material-packed layer. Thus, the molecule-state or aerosol-state contaminants can also be removed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【００９３】
この試験の結果、本発明例（Ｎｏ． Ａ、Ｎｏ． Ｃ、Ｎｏ． ＤＡ）は、１５％程度の圧力損失の増加であったが、比較例（Ｎｏ． Ｅ）は自重で押し潰され変形し、圧力損失が２倍以上に増加した。
つぎに、得られた各気体洗浄用充填材５ｇ を、固有の悪臭を有するトリメチルアミンの０．０１％水溶液１００ｍｌ 中に投入し、水溶液の臭いを人間の臭覚で試験した。その結果、本発明例の気体洗浄用充填材（Ｎｏ． ＤＡ）を投入した場合にのみ、トリメチルアミンの悪臭が消臭された。
（実施例２）
処理量３０ｋｇ／日の処理能力を有する食品廃棄物分解装置から排出される気流（空気）を、図１に概要を示す洗浄装置を用いて洗浄した。
【００９４】
この食品廃棄物分解装置は、横長で筒状の分解室を有し、上面に気密性で開閉可能なごみ投入口を有している。分解室内には、細菌を担持し長時間使用するおが屑が入れられている。ごみ投入口から食品廃棄物を投入したのち、送風機で新鮮な空気を分解室に送入しながら、水平なシャフトに垂直に取り付けた回転翼により内容物（食品廃棄物）を切り返す。さらに、分解室の湿度・温度を制御装置で一定範囲内に調整しながら、回転翼の回転と停止を１５分ごとに繰り返す。この食品廃棄物分解装置の排気孔からは、強い悪臭を有し、炭酸ガス、有害ガス、微生物、胞子等を含んだ高湿度の５０℃程度の気流が排出される。
【００９５】
使用した洗浄装置１は、縦長の直方体（８００ ×８００ ×高さ１５００ｍｍ）で、上部側面に処理気体を導入するための吸気口１ａを有し、下部側面に洗浄済の気体を排出する排気口９を有する。洗浄薬液槽６と分離して、洗浄薬液槽６の液面の上部に気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２が設けられている。また、吸気口より下部で、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２より上部に噴霧手段３が設けられている。噴霧手段３（スプレーガン）は、洗浄すべき汚染気体と並流して、噴射口から１５ｃｍの位置でレーザ光散乱式粒度分布測定法で測定し平均粒径が２０μｍの洗浄薬液のミストを噴霧可能としている。気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２は、気体洗浄用充填材を厚さ：３０ｃｍ積層して、形成した。なお、使用した気体洗浄用充填材は、実施例１で用いた、充填材素材（紙粒）にＡ処理を施したＮｏ． Ａとした。
【００９６】
また、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２には、洗浄薬液貯留槽７から液流ポンプ４ａで吸引した洗浄薬液を供給手段４（ここでは回転式散水機を利用）で散布・供給され、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２は洗浄薬液で湿潤した状態とされている。
噴霧する洗浄薬液および気体洗浄用充填材を含む層に含浸・供給される洗浄薬液は、直鎖分子で分子量が極限粘度法で１．８ ×１０^７ である、アクリル酸１５モル％とジメチルアミノメチル基１５モル％が結合した両性ポリアクリルアミドを５ｐｐｍ 、「両親媒性溶剤」であるトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを２ｐｐｍ 、緩衝剤として重炭酸ナトリウムを０．１ｐｐｍ、殺菌・静菌剤として２−Ｎ−オクチル−４−イソチアゾリン−３−オン、およびヘキサメチレン ビグアニドのナトリウム塩をそれぞれ５ｐｐｍ を含む水溶液（洗浄薬液ａ）とした。なお、比較として、洗浄薬液ａから、「両親媒性溶剤」であるトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを除いた洗浄薬液（洗浄薬液ｂ）についても、実験した。
【００９７】
上記した食品廃棄物分解装置のごみ投入口から、１ 回に、生野菜の刻みくず１５ｋｇ、賞味期限切れの米飯５ｋｇ、および生マグロのアラ１０ｋｇづつを、隔日に計３回（６日間）投入した。そして、食品廃棄物分解装置の排気孔から排出される気流（空気）をサンプルとして採取して臭気濃度を測定した。サンプルの採取は、ごみ投入から５時間後と、２３時間後とし、ごみ投入ごと（計３回）に繰返し（計６回採取）行った。なお、切り返しを行うと臭気濃度や菌類の排出濃度が上昇するため、排出される気流の採取は、回転翼で分解室の内容物を切り返し中とした。ごみ投入から５時間後が臭気濃度が最高になり、２３時間後に最低濃度となることを確認しており、ごみ投入から５時間後に採取した場合が最高濃度を、２３時間後に採取した場合が最低濃度を表すことになる。最高濃度、最低濃度とも３回の値を平均し、平均値を臭気濃度として用いた。
【００９８】
採取したサンプルは、図１に示す洗浄装置の吸気口１ａにポンプで供給した。洗浄装置１内では、吸気された汚染気体と並流して、上記した洗浄薬液を噴霧手段３から、平均粒径が２０μｍのミストとなるように、噴霧するとともに、上記した洗浄薬液を供給・含浸した気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２を２ｍ^３ ／分の割合で通過させて、汚染気体を洗浄し、排気口９から排出した。排出された気流をサンプルとして臭気濃度を測定した。
【００９９】
臭気濃度の測定は、の測定対象気体（サンプル）に新鮮な空気を希釈し続けて、正常な嗅覚をもつ６人が臭気を嗅ぎ分けられなくなった時点の希釈倍率を求めることにより行った。６人のうちの最高値と最低値を除いた、４人の測定値（希釈倍率）の平均値を臭気濃度とした。
食品廃棄物分解装置から排出された気流の臭気濃度と、洗浄装置で洗浄されたのち気体の臭気濃度から、本発明の洗浄システムによる汚染気体の清浄化率を求めた。清浄化率（％）は、｛（食品廃棄物分解装置から排出された気流の臭気濃度）−（洗浄装置で洗浄されたのちの気体の臭気濃度）｝／（食品廃棄物分解装置から排出された気流の臭気濃度）×１００ （％）で定義される値である。
【０１００】
得られた結果を表２に示す。
【０１０１】
【表２】

【０１０２】
本発明範囲の、気体洗浄用充填材、洗浄薬液を用いた、洗浄システム（本発明例）では、清浄化率がほぼ１００ ％と、汚染物質をほぼ完全に除去できるが、本発明範囲から外れた洗浄薬液を用いた場合には、清浄化率は低く、汚染物質を完全には除去できていない。この結果から、「両親媒性溶剤」の有用性が確認できた。
（実施例３）
解体直前の鉄筋コンクリート造りの建造物の一室（空間容量：１２０ ｍ^３ ）で空気中に含まれる硫化水素の解毒 （除去）実験を行った。なお、部屋は完全に気密性とするため、ドアの隙間、開口部分をパテで充填し、窓ガラスの隙間を粘着テープでシールした。
【０１０３】
このような部屋の中央で、まず、三角フラスコに入れた硫化鉄に希硫酸を加えて硫化水素（許容濃度：１０ｐｐｍ 、致死濃度：１０００ｐｐｍ ）を発生させ、扇風機で空気を攪拌しながら室内のガス濃度を均一化した。ついで、防毒マスクを着用した測定者により、北川式ガス検知管で室内の硫化水素ガス濃度を測定したところ、６０ｐｐｍ であった。１時間後に同様に室内の硫化水素ガス濃度を測定したところ、壁、床などと反応したり、室外に漏れたりしたため、５４ｐｐｍ であった（ガス濃度の低下率：１０％／時）。このガス濃度：５４ｐｐｍ を初期値とした。
【０１０４】
ついで、上記した洗浄薬液を、約９０ｇ ／分の噴霧量で３分間、室内くまなく噴霧した。噴霧は、可動式３流体式噴霧装置を用いて行い、その際の洗浄薬液の噴霧ミストの平均粒径は噴射口から１５ｃｍの位置でレーザ光散乱式粒度分布測定法で測定して１０μｍであった。使用した洗浄薬液は、実施例２で使用した洗浄薬液ａとした。
【０１０５】
噴霧後１〜２分後にマスクを外したところ、嗅覚的には大部分の硫化水素は除去できたと感じられたが、噴霧後２〜３分後に室内の硫化水素ガス濃度を測定したところ、１２ｐｐｍ であった。｛（初期ガス濃度）−（噴霧後のガス濃度）｝／（初期ガス濃度）×１００ （％）で定義される清浄化率は７８％となる。
上記した洗浄薬液の噴霧により、室内に拡散した硫化水素のほぼ１００ ％が洗浄薬液の噴霧ミストに捕捉されたが、そのうち８０％相当分しか床に沈降しなかった。残り２０％相当分はミスト粒径が小さく、しかも水分の蒸発で粒径が縮小し硫化水素を保持したまま、床に沈降せず、空間に浮遊している状態で検知管に検出されたが、ゲル状態で鼻孔に入ったため、硫化水素臭が感じられなかったものと考えられる。
【０１０６】
ついで、上記したように、室内で洗浄薬液を噴霧された室内空気を、図１に示す洗浄装置１の吸気口１ａに吸引し、該室内空気の洗浄を行った。
使用した洗浄装置は、内部に、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２を有し、さらに気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２と分離して、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２の下部で、液面を気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２より低い位置にした洗浄薬液槽６を有し、さらにこの洗浄薬液槽６に配管を介して、洗浄薬液を貯留する洗浄薬液貯槽７を連設した。また、この洗浄装置には、洗浄薬液貯槽７から液流ポンプ４ａを介し洗浄薬液を供給される、回転式散水器からなる洗浄薬液の供給手段４が配設されている。この供給手段４により、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２に洗浄薬液が供給され、含浸されて、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２は湿潤性を保持している。また、この洗浄装置１では、汚染気体（室内空気）を湿潤な気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２に通して洗浄し、清浄化して排気口９から排出する。
【０１０７】
気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２は、紙粒に耐水性のみを付与するＢ処理を施された気体洗浄用充填材（Ｎｏ． Ｂ）（実施例１参照）を、ステンレス鋼金網上に水平に厚さ：３０ｃｍに積層した。また、使用した洗浄薬液は、薬液１ｋｇあたり、「両親媒性溶剤」としてトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを２０ｇ 、さらに水酸化ナトリウムを８０ｇ 、重炭酸ナトリウムを４０ｇ 、酸化剤としての過硫酸ナトリウムを１０ｇ 、有機溶剤で硫化水素と親和性の大きいトリエタノールアミンを４０ｇ 、および水を８１０ｇ、混合し溶解した水溶液（洗浄薬液ｃ）とした。使用した洗浄装置は、既存のドラム缶（２００ Ｌ程度）を改造して作製した。構造が簡単なため、圧力損失は２０ｍｍ ａｑ 程度で、６〜８ｍ^３ ／分程度の汚染気体の洗浄が可能である。
【０１０８】
硫化水素を室内に拡散され、洗浄薬液を噴霧後の室内空気を、上記したような条件の図１に示す洗浄装置で洗浄したのち、排気口９から排出された空気について、北川式ガス検知管を用いて同様に硫化水素ガスの濃度を測定したが、全く検出されなかった。
（実施例４）
実施例３と同じ気密性の部屋で、硫黄を燃焼させて亜硫酸ガス（許容濃度：２ｐｐｍ 、致死濃度：４００ｐｐｍ）を発生させ、室内のガス濃度を均一化したのち、実施例３と同様に防毒マスクを着用した測定者により、室内の二酸化硫黄濃度を測定したところ、４０ｐｐｍ であった。
【０１０９】
ついで、実施例３と同様に、室内くまなく洗浄薬液を噴霧した。使用した洗浄薬液は、実施例３と同様（洗浄薬液ａ）とした。噴霧後の室内におけるガス濃度を、実施例３と同様に、北川式ガス検知管で測定したところ、４ｐｐｍ を得た。清浄化率は９０％であった。
ついで、洗浄薬剤を噴霧されたのちの室内空気を、実施例３と同様に、図１に示す洗浄装置１に吸入し、洗浄した。使用した、気体洗浄用充填材および洗浄薬液は実施例３と同様とした。図１に示す洗浄装置１の排気口９から排出された空気の二酸化硫黄濃度を北川式ガス検知管で測定したが、検出されなかった。
（実施例５）
噴霧塗装工場の塗装ブースから排出される塗装ミストと有機溶剤とを含む気流の洗浄を実験した。
【０１１０】
まず、噴霧塗装工場の建物内部に、鉄製パイプで３×３×３ｍの骨格を作り、その外面に気密が保たれるようにポリエチレンフィルム（厚さ：０．１５ｍｍ）で覆いをかけ、床には受け皿を置き、中央上部には下方向に噴霧可能に３流型噴霧機の噴霧ノズルを置いた除塵ブースを設置した。噴霧ノズルは、噴霧口から５０ｃｍの位置で平均粒径が１０μｍのミストを発生できるノズルとした。なお、除塵ブースの排気口には、二次除塵のために洗浄薬液で湿潤され気体洗浄用充填材を含む層を設け、該層を経由して、塗料中の固形分のほとんどが除塵されまだ有機溶剤ミストを含む気体を吸引するＡｌ製フレキシブルパイプ（直径：１５０ｍｍ ）が接合されている。この二次除塵のための気体洗浄用充填材を含む層は、紙粒に耐水性を付与するＢ処理を施された気体洗浄用充填材（気体洗浄用充填材Ｎｏ． Ｂ：実施例１参照）を用いて積層（厚さ：２０ｃｍ）した。また、この気体洗浄用充填材を含む層には、小型液流ポンプに嵌合した塩化ビニルチューブの先端に開けられた細孔から、洗浄薬液（下記に示す洗浄薬液ｄ）が間欠的に供給される。
【０１１１】
この除塵ブースの排気口に接続されたＡｌ製フレキシブルパイプのもう一方は、図１に示す洗浄装置１の吸気口１ａに接続されている。洗浄装置１は、ステンレス鋼製ドラム缶（内径５８０ｍｍ ×高さ８５０ｍｍ ：内容積２３０ Ｌ）を改造したもので、ふたの中央には吸気口１ａが設けられている。洗浄装置の上部には、下方向に噴霧可能に３流型噴霧機の噴霧手段（噴霧ノズル）３を設置するとともに、噴霧ノズルの下４０ｃｍの位置に気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２（ 充填材の厚さ：２０ｃｍ）を水平に積層した。なお、この気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２は、気体洗浄用充填材（気体洗浄用充填材Ｎｏ． Ｂ：実施例１参照）を用いた。この気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２には、回転式散水器により洗浄薬液（下記に示す洗浄薬液ｅ）が散布され、含浸・供給され絶えず湿潤されるようになっている。また、噴霧手段３（噴霧ノズル）は、除塵ブースに設置された噴霧ノズルと同じ形式とした。
【０１１２】
洗浄装置内の噴霧手段３（噴霧ノズル）からは、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２との空間（約０．１ ｍ^３ ）に、吸気口からの気流と並流して洗浄薬液（下記に示す洗浄薬液ｄ）が噴霧される。なお、噴霧された洗浄薬液のミストは噴射口から１５ｃｍの位置でレーザ光散乱式粒度分布測定法で測定し、平均粒径で１０μｍ であった。洗浄薬液（洗浄薬液ｄ）が噴霧された気流は、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層で液滴化され、洗浄装置底部の洗浄薬液槽６に洗浄薬液とともに溜まる。図１に示す洗浄装置では、洗浄装置底部に溜まる液量を一定（液位：３５ｃｍ）としており、それを超えると、洗浄装置側面に設けたパイプを通し装置外の洗浄薬液貯槽７に落差を利用して流入するようになっている。洗浄薬液貯槽７に蓄えられた洗浄薬液は、液流ポンプ４ａにより供給手段４（回転式散水器）へ供給され再利用される。なお、減量した洗浄薬液は随時調整され補給される。また、洗浄薬液貯槽７の液面に浮上した塗装用の有機溶剤は比重差を利用して分液回収される。
【０１１３】
洗浄薬液ｄは、質量１ｋｇあたり、直鎖分子でアニオン性の、分子量２．０ ×１０^７ （極限粘度法）、アクリル酸が質量１ｋｇ中に１５％共重合した、ポリアクリルアミドのトリエタノールアミン塩を５ｇ 、「両親媒性溶剤」であるトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを０．５ｇ、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを０．５ｇ、殺菌剤としてのヨウ素とポリビニルヒロリドンとの複合体をヨウ素換算で０．００１ｇを含む水溶液とした。
【０１１４】
洗浄薬液ｅは、洗浄薬液ｄに、有機溶剤を不完全な乳化状態とするために、さらに質量１ｋｇあたり、ＨＬＢ値が１５．０のポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレートを０．２ｇ を、混合した水溶液とした。
このような除塵ブースと洗浄装置１とを用いて、除塵ブース入口での送風量を３ｍ^３ ／分に調節して、塗装ブースから排出される気体を洗浄した。
【０１１５】
その結果、まず除塵ブース内で洗浄薬剤を噴霧すると、突然晴れた空から雪が降るように、いままで目視できなかった塗装ミストが固体状で床に沈降するのが観察された。
除塵ブースで洗浄薬液を噴霧された気体はついで、洗浄装置１内で噴霧され、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層で液滴化されて、洗浄装置の排気口から排気された。排気された気体の臭気濃度を実施例１と同様な方法で測定した。その結果、臭気濃度は１１００（希釈倍率）であった。同様な方法で測定した、塗装ブースから排気された気体の臭気濃度が２１０００ （希釈倍率）であることからも、本発明の洗浄システムは有効であることがわかる。
【０１１６】
なお、除塵ブースでの洗浄薬液の噴霧を、２流体噴霧機を利用して、噴霧ミストの平均粒径を５０μｍとした場合も実験した（比較例）が、一定噴霧量当たりの床への沈降量は本発明例の約１５％であった。
（実施例６）
図１に示す洗浄装置を用いて、バイオガスに多量に含まれる硫化水素の除去について、実験した。
【０１１７】
なお、洗浄装置１内の、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２は、気体洗浄用充填材として、紙粒に耐水性と硬さを付与するＣ処理を施した気体洗浄用充填材Ｎｏ． Ｃ（実施例１参照）を用い、この気体洗浄用充填材を厚さ：２５ｃｍに積層した層を２段構成し、気液接触が２倍となるようにした。
また、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層２に含浸または供給する洗浄薬液は、次に示す洗浄薬液ｆとした。
【０１１８】
洗浄薬液ｆは、質量で、「両親媒性溶剤」であるトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを２％、カセイソーダを１０％、ヨウ素とポリビニルヒロリドンとの複合体をヨウ素換算で０．０１％を、混合・溶解した水溶液とした。
吸入ブロワー１ｂで吸引した空気に、液化硫化水素入りボンベから減圧弁と流量計とにより一定量の硫化水素を混入し、洗浄装置１の吸気口１ａに吹き込んだ。なお、噴霧手段３（噴霧ノズル）からの洗浄薬液の噴霧を行わなかった。
【０１１９】
送風量は３ｍ^３ ／分に設定して、圧力損失を３０ｍｍ ａｑ として、実験した。送風開始から１０分後に、吸気口１ａでの硫化水素濃度を、北川式ガス検知管で測定したところ、４０００ｐｐｍ であった。一方、洗浄装置の排気口９で同様に硫化水素濃度を測定したが、検知できなかった。実験開始から３時間まで１時間ごとに、同じ分析を行ったが、洗浄装置の排気口９での硫化水素は検出されなかった。
【０１２０】
しかし、３ 時間４５分経過した時点で、硫化水素臭が装置の周辺に強く漂い始めたので、危険防止のため硫化水素の送入を中止し、予備の洗浄薬液２ｋｇを投入し、完全に硫化水素が排気口から検出されなくなるまで、送風のみで運転した。一定時間後に、硫化水素の除去ができなくなったのは、洗浄薬液の中和反応当量がゼロとなったためで、バイオガスのような高濃度の硫化水素を含む場合には、使用した洗浄薬液は不適であり、脱硫能力を大幅に向上した薬液とする必要があることが判明した。
（実施例７）
実施例６と同じ、気体洗浄用充填材を含む層を有する洗浄装置（図１）を使用して、硫化水素ガスの除去を試みた。
【０１２１】
吸入ブロワー１ｂで吸引した空気に、液化硫化水素入りボンベから減圧弁と流量計とにより一定量の硫化水素を混入し、さらに、亜硫酸ガスを、液化亜硫酸ガスボンベから硫化水素との反応等量の９５％に相当する１８００ｐｐｍ を、亜硫酸ガス供給口８ａから吹き込んだ。なお、洗浄装置内の噴霧手段３からの洗浄薬液の噴霧は行わなかった。
【０１２２】
洗浄薬液としては、「両親媒性溶剤」であるトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを２％、カセイソーダを１０％、トリエタノールアミンを５％、塩析剤としての塩化ナトリウムを３％、ヨウ素とポリビニルヒロリドンとの複合体をヨウ素換算で０．０１％を、混合・溶解した水溶液とした。洗浄薬液は、５０ｋｇ用意した。送風開始から１、３、４、７、１０、１５時間後に、それぞれ北川式ガス検知管で硫化水素、亜硫酸ガスの濃度を洗浄装置の排気口９で測定した。その結果、いずれも、硫化水素、亜硫酸ガスは検出されなかった。なお、図１の洗浄装置の底部に溜まる洗浄薬液は、運転開始前から比べると、白濁した硫黄を含むスラリーに変化し、しかもかなりの硫黄が沈殿している状況が見られた。この硫黄分は、通常の凝集沈殿、洗浄、濾過法で容易に分離回収ができ、亜流酸ガスの原料として再利用可能である。なお、洗浄薬液も再利用できることを確認した。
【０１２３】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来、汚染気体から除去することが困難であった、悪臭を伴ったり有害であったりする、分子状やエアロゾル状等の汚染物質、あるいはそれらの混合した汚染物質、あるいはさらに疎水性の汚染物質等を、簡便で、かつ安全にしかも完全に一括して除去でき、また、使用する動力、用水、薬剤等も少なくてすみ、産業上格段の効果を奏する。また、本発明によれば、有害な汚染物質を環境へ漏洩させることなく、汚染気体の洗浄を行うことができ二次災害発生の危険性を低減するという効果もある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の汚染気体の洗浄装置の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 洗浄装置
１ａ 吸気口
１ｂ 吸入ブロアー
１ｃ 配管
２ 気体洗浄用充填材を含む層
２ａ 液滴
２ｂ 充填材支持枠
２ｃ 気体洗浄用充填材
３ 噴霧手段
３ａ ミスト（噴霧）
４ 供給手段
４ａ 液流ポンプ
５ 汚染気体
６ 洗浄薬液槽
６ａ１ 、６ａ２ 、６ａ３ 配管
６ｂ１ 、６ｂ２ 、６ｂ３ バルブ
６１ 洗浄薬液槽
６１ａ 加圧用コンプレッサー
７ 洗浄薬液貯槽
７ａ 汚染物質
７ｂ１ 、７ｂ２ 配管
７ｃ１ 、７ｃ２ バルブ
８ 亜硫酸ガス供給口、８ｂ 配管
９ 、９ａ 排気口[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the removal of gaseous contaminants in gas, and in particular, is contained in the air, causing discomfort to humans and animals, or furthermore, inhalation from respiratory organs, mucous membranes such as eyes and nose, and skin Including molecular or aerosol-like gases, which can penetrate into the body through contact and cause fatal and / or acute, subacute or chronic health problems and, if accumulated in the environment, cause serious environmental pollution. The present invention relates to a pollutant gas cleaning system for purifying air by removing gaseous pollutants at once.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method of purifying a pollutant gas, a purifying method mainly determined for each type and concentration of a pollutant has been adopted.
For example, molecular contaminants such as harmful gas and odorous gas have a particle size in the range of about 0.0003 to 0.0005 μm, and as a removal method, a direct combustion method, a porous substance such as activated carbon, or the like is used. There are methods of adsorption, methods of decomposing ozone, titanium oxide with light, microorganisms and enzymes, and methods of converting to other substances by chemical reactions such as oxidation, neutralization, double decomposition, and addition with aqueous agents. It has been selected and used accordingly.
[0003]
For example, paint plants, gravure printing plants, and plastic molding plants emit high concentrations of harmful substances and odorous substances such as paint mist, solvents, unpolymerized unsaturated ethylene compounds, and various additives into the air. Conventionally, air has been purified using a method of burning or a method of adsorbing with activated carbon. However, molecular organic matter can be completely removed by these methods.However, in the case of aerosol-like substances such as paint mist, there is a disadvantage that cinders are deposited on a combustion plate or a combustion catalyst and clogging of activated carbon occurs. There was a problem that management and maintenance were not easy.
[0004]
Also, recently, a plan is to use so-called biogas as fuel gas, which is a gas (methane gas) generated by microbial fermentation of so-called biomass, such as garbage, livestock dung and urine, sawdust, garden trees and thinned wood, and other waste materials. Is being promoted. These biogases are often accompanied by high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, alkyl mercaptans with strong odors, methyl sulfide, suspected harmful bacteria and their spores, but activated carbon is still used to remove these pollutants. At present, only the method of adsorbing by the method is used, and contaminants cannot be completely removed at present.
[0005]
The aerosol-type contaminants have a particle size in the range of about 0.005 to 50 μm, and include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and spores thereof; smoke of fire smoke, oil, cigarettes, and the like; dust, fly ash, and colloidal Silica, powdered coal, metal powder; pollen, etc., are presently difficult to remove from the air at present. As a method for removing these aerosol-like contaminants from the air, a dust collection method using gravity, centrifugal force, inertia force, etc., an electric dust collection method, a filtration dust collection method, and the like have been conventionally selected according to the purpose. Has been used. Above all, a filter dust collection method using a bag filter, an air filter, a ceramic filter, or the like has been mainly employed. However, the minimum particle size of contaminants that can be removed by these methods is about 0.01 μm, and fine aerosol-like contaminants such as spores, viruses, and colloidal silica with a particle size smaller than this can be completely removed. Not.
[0006]
As a method for removing gaseous contaminants in a gas by bringing a gas and a chemical solution into gas-liquid contact, there is a washing tower method, and various devices and various cleaning chemicals have been proposed and used. For example, a gas dispersion type in which a gas containing a pollutant is blown into a chemical solution, a liquid film type chemical solution dispersion type in which a chemical solution is brought into contact with a gas containing a contaminant by putting plastic fillers of various shapes, or a cyclone scrubber There is a droplet type chemical liquid dispersion type in which a gas containing a contaminant is brought into contact with a chemical liquid in the form of a spray as described above, and it is said that a molecular liquid contaminant can be removed by using a chemical liquid suitable for the purpose. However, the removal rate (cleaning rate) of molecular contaminants by these methods is at most about 70%, and further improvement of the removal rate (cleaning rate) has been demanded.
[0007]
In response to such a demand, the present applicant has disclosed in Patent Document 1 an aqueous chemical solution tank and a layer containing paper particles impregnated with the aqueous chemical solution, passing contaminated gas through the aqueous chemical solution tank, and then impregnating with the aqueous chemical solution. A method for cleaning contaminated gas that removes contaminants in the gas by passing through a layer containing the paper grains is proposed. In the technology described in Patent Document 1, paper particles cured and / or cross-linked by applying or impregnating a thermosetting resin and / or a cellulose cross-linking agent are used, and (a) an oxidizing agent, b) an acidic or alkaline substance, (c) a substance providing buffering properties, (d) a betaine compound, (e) a glyoxal and its polyol adduct, (f) a water-soluble polyol having 10 or less carbon atoms, (g) sulfur dioxide. And / or one or more selected from alkali metal salts of sulfurous acid and (h) disinfectants.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-149739 A
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the technique described in Patent Document 1, a thermosetting resin and / or a cellulose cross-linking agent is applied or impregnated with a thermosetting resin in order to impart water resistance and shape retention when wet with a chemical solution to paper particles to be used. I have. In the technique described in Patent Document 1, a wide range of molecular and aerosol-like contaminants is obtained by using an aqueous chemical solution having chemical reactivity with a scrubber using such water-resistant paper particles as a filler. Can be removed and contaminated gas can be purified.
[0010]
However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1 using paper particles coated or impregnated with a thermosetting resin and / or a cellulose crosslinking agent, the paper particles swell and collapse under their own weight when used continuously for a long period of time. However, there are problems that the gap through which the gas to be treated passes is reduced and the pressure loss is increased, and that the use of a thermosetting resin, particularly a melamine resin, may make the paper particles hydrophobic and make it difficult to absorb aqueous chemicals. Further, there has been a demand for further improvement of the absorbability (hydrophilicity) of an aqueous chemical solution of paper particles to be used and the shape retention after long-term use.
[0011]
Further, according to the technology described in Patent Document 1, although the paper particles used behave almost neutrally in water, the basic contaminants are relatively easily captured because the paper particles have a weak acidity. However, trapping hydrophobic and weakly acidic contaminants has remained a problem. In addition, the contaminant is a mixture of an aerosol with a very wide variety of molecules such as hydrophobic gas molecules, roast meat odor, etc., or fine particles such as colloidal silica or smoke, viruses, etc. In this case, there is still a problem that it is difficult to completely remove even the technique described in Patent Document 1.
[0012]
In addition, biogas often accompanies high-concentration hydrogen sulfide, alkyl mercaptan with a strong odor, methyl sulfide, and suspected harmful bacteria and their spores. Even with technology, it was difficult to completely remove contaminants in biogas.
Also, in a semi-enclosed space such as a high-rise building, subway car, or station yard, if a lethal harmful gas or aerosol is generated, or a fire is generated and a large amount of smoke is generated, a large amount of air is generated. Generally, a method such as blowing air, exhausting smoke, or spraying water is performed. However, such a method cannot remove harmful gas, smoke, and the like from the treated gas (gas), and there is a concern about occurrence of secondary disaster due to these pollutants.
[0013]
Thus, rapid removal of fire smoke and complete removal of contaminants such as lethal harmful gases and aerosols, or spores such as bacteria and fungi, viruses, etc. are currently established technologies. is not.
The present invention solves such problems of the prior art, and has a bad smell or is harmful as described above, a contaminant such as a molecular or aerosol, or a mixed contaminant thereof, or a further contaminant. It is an object of the present invention to propose a pollutant gas cleaning system and a cleaning method capable of effectively and easily removing contaminants from pollutant gas containing a contaminant pollutant and purifying the gas.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means for solving the problems of the present invention are as follows.
(1) A gas-cleaning filler filled in a gas cleaning device for cleaning contaminated gas, and the following A to C treatment is performed on paper particles mainly composed of fibrous fibers.
A treatment: one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan, and a fibrous fiber having an active hydrogen atom not bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule and having a methylol group number or a methoxymethyl group number of 2 or more. A treatment for impregnating an aqueous solution containing one or more of a cross-linking agent and an acid accelerator or, furthermore, methyl alcohol as an essential component, and performing drying and heat treatment to impart water resistance and hardness.
[0015]
B treatment: a treatment of impregnating an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, drying while leaving moisture, and reacting gaseous formaldehyde at 100 ° C. or lower to impart water resistance.
C treatment: impregnated with one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan and an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, dried while leaving moisture out, and gaseous formaldehyde was reduced to 100 ° C or less. To give water resistance and hardness.
One of the above, or impregnated with an aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and urea, and dried and heat-treated at a temperature of 130 to 170 ° C. to produce phosphate cellulose or monoammonium phosphate cellulose. A gas-cleaning filler made of paper grains that has been subjected to one type of treatment selected from the above-described A to C treatments after being subjected to a pretreatment to be formed.
(2) A cleaning device having a layer containing at least one gas-cleaning filler is provided, and a contaminant gas suction port is disposed upstream of the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler, and introduced through the suction port. A contaminated gas cleaning system for cleaning contaminated gas by passing the contaminated gas through a layer containing the gas cleaning filler, wherein the gas cleaning filler is a paper particle mainly composed of fibrous fibers, Next A to C processing
A treatment: one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan, and a fibrin having two or more methylol groups or methoxymethyl groups in which an active hydrogen atom is not bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule. A process of impregnating an aqueous solution containing one or more of a fiber crosslinking agent and an acid promoter or, furthermore, methyl alcohol as an essential component, and performing drying and heat treatment to impart water resistance and hardness.
[0016]
B treatment: a treatment of impregnating an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, drying while leaving moisture, and reacting gaseous formaldehyde at 0 to 100 ° C to impart water resistance.
C treatment: impregnated with one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan and an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, dried while leaving moisture out, and gaseous formaldehyde was reduced to 100 ° C or less. To give water resistance and hardness.
One of the above, or impregnated with an aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and urea, and dried and heat-treated at a temperature of 130 to 170 ° C. to produce phosphate cellulose or monoammonium phosphate cellulose. After performing a pretreatment for forming, a layer made of paper particles subjected to one of the treatments selected from the above A to C treatments and including the gas cleaning filler is subjected to each of the treatments. One or more means of laminating, bagging, and filling a ventilated cartridge having two upper and lower surfaces with at least one kind of gas-cleaning filler obtained by the above method. A cleaning agent containing a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher is impregnated or supplied into the layer containing the paper gas cleaning filler, and a tank for storing the cleaning agent is provided. Is separated and contains the gas cleaning filler. Cleaning system contaminated gases, characterized in that a layer.
(3) The cleaning system for contaminated gas according to (2), further comprising means for supplying the cleaning agent liquid so that the layer containing the gas cleaning filler is impregnated or supplied during operation. .
(4) In the above (2) or (3), the cleaning liquid is a linear molecule having a charge of any of anionic, cationic and amphoteric, having no branch, and having a molecular weight of 1 as measured by the intrinsic viscosity method. 0.0 × 10 ⁷ A contaminant gas cleaning system comprising an aqueous solution containing 1 to 10 ppm by mass of the above polyacrylamide.
(5) In any one of the constitutions (2) to (4), a spraying means for a cleaning agent is provided in the cleaning device or separately from the cleaning device on an upstream side of the layer containing the gas cleaning filler. A spraying means capable of spraying the cleaning chemical liquid as a mist having an average particle diameter of 30 μm or less, wherein the contaminated gas after the cleaning chemical liquid is sprayed by the spraying means is a layer containing the gas cleaning filler. A contaminated gas cleaning system characterized by passing through.
(6) In any one of the constitutions (2) to (5), the cleaning device may separate the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler from the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler and provide a liquid surface downstream of the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler. Is disposed at a position lower than the layer containing the gas cleaning filler, or is further connected to the cleaning liquid tank in connection with the cleaning liquid storage tank or water tank, and / or the cleaning device. A pollutant gas cleaning system comprising a separate pollutant treatment tank.
(7) In (5) or (6), the cleaning solution is a linear molecule having a charge of any of anionic, cationic and amphoteric, having no branch, and having a molecular weight of 1. measured by an intrinsic viscosity method. 0 x 10 ⁷ A contaminant gas cleaning system, characterized in that the polyacrylamide is an aqueous solution containing 1 to 10 ppm by mass and / or a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or more.
(8) The contaminated gas is introduced into a cleaning apparatus provided with at least one layer containing the gas cleaning filler, and the contaminated gas is passed through the layer containing the gas cleaning filler to clean the gas. A method for cleaning contaminated gas, comprising: applying the gas cleaning filler to paper particles mainly composed of fibrous fibers;
A treatment: one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan, and a fibrous fiber having an active hydrogen atom not bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule and having a methylol group number or a methoxymethyl group number of 2 or more. A treatment for impregnating an aqueous solution containing one or more of a cross-linking agent and an acid accelerator or, furthermore, methyl alcohol as an essential component, and performing drying and heat treatment to impart water resistance and hardness.
[0017]
B treatment: a treatment of impregnating an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, drying while leaving moisture, and reacting gaseous formaldehyde at 100 ° C. or lower to impart water resistance.
C treatment: impregnated with one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan and an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, dried while leaving moisture out, and gaseous formaldehyde was reduced to 100 ° C or less. To give water resistance and hardness.
One of the above, or impregnated with an aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and urea, dried and heat-treated at a temperature of 130 to 170 ° C. After being subjected to a pre-treatment for imparting a cation exchange property to form a paper grain, the paper-cleaning material is subjected to one kind of treatment selected from the above-described A to C treatments. One or more of laminating, bagging, and filling a cartridge having two upper and lower surfaces with air-permeable fillers obtained by performing the above-described processes. The layer containing the gas-cleaning filler is impregnated with or supplied with a cleaning solution containing a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher, and the contaminated gas Characterized by passing The method of cleaning dyeing gas.
(9) In (8), the cleaning solution is a straight-chain molecule having a charge of any of anionic, cationic and amphoteric, having no branch, and having a molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 3 measured by the limiting viscosity method. ⁷ A method for cleaning contaminated gas, comprising using an aqueous solution containing 1 to 10 ppm by mass of the above polyacrylamide.
(10) In (8) or (9), the contaminated gas is charged as an anionic, cationic, or amphoteric as a cleaning liquid in the cleaning device or elsewhere, and has no branch. A linear molecule having a molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 ⁷ An aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned polyacrylamide in an amount of 1 to 10 ppm by mass and / or a water-soluble amphiphilic solvent having a boiling point at 150 ° C. or more at 1 atm is sprayed 15 cm from the injection port of the spraying means. Is sprayed so as to have an average particle diameter of 30 μm or less at the position of, and a part of the spray mist capturing or conjugating the contaminants in the contaminated gas is settled. A method of cleaning contaminated gas, comprising passing the contaminated gas containing the remaining spray mist through a layer containing the gas cleaning filler in the cleaning device, and discharging the cleaned gas out of the system.
(11) In (8) or (9), the charge may be anionic, cationic or amphoteric as a cleaning solution in the cleaning apparatus and above the layer containing the gas cleaning filler. A straight-chain molecule having no branch and having a molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 ⁷ An aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned polyacrylamide in an amount of 1 to 10 ppm by mass and / or a water-soluble amphiphilic solvent having a boiling point at 150 ° C. or more at 1 atm is sprayed 15 cm from the injection port of the spraying means. Is sprayed so as to have an average particle size of 30 μm or less at a position indicated by a laser light scattering type particle size distribution measuring method, and is formed into droplets in a layer containing the gas cleaning filler. The gas that has passed through the layer containing is directly discharged to the outside of the apparatus, or further provided separately from the layer containing the gas cleaning filler, a layer containing the gas cleaning filler impregnated with the cleaning chemical solution. A method for cleaning contaminated gas, comprising discharging the gas after passing through the apparatus.
(12) In (11), the droplets formed into droplets in the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler are placed downstream of the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler and in the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler. And a cleaning liquid tank installed so that the liquid level is lower than the layer containing the gas cleaning filler, or a cleaning liquid storage tank further installed in connection with the cleaning liquid tank or A method for cleaning a pollutant gas, comprising: dropping the contaminant contained in the contaminant gas floating on the liquid surface of a water tank, and discharging and collecting the contaminant out of the system.
(13) The method for cleaning contaminated gas according to any one of (8) to (12), wherein the contaminated gas is a gas containing a water-insoluble organic compound gas having a specific gravity of 1 or less.
(14) The method for cleaning contaminated gas according to any one of (8) to (12), wherein the contaminated gas is a gas containing a water-insoluble contaminant heated to a temperature higher than the freezing point.
(15) The method for cleaning contaminated gas according to any one of (8) to (12), wherein the contaminated gas is a gas containing hydrogen sulfide.
(16) In (15), a sulfur dioxide gas having a reaction equivalent to hydrogen sulfide or less is further blown into the cleaning chemical solution, or a sulfur dioxide gas having a reaction equivalent to hydrogen sulfide or less is added to the contaminated gas before washing. A method for cleaning contaminated gas, characterized by mixing.
(17) In (15) or (16), the cleaning solution may further contain an alkanolamine having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or more and / or an alkali metal hydroxide and / or an alkali metal carbonate, or an alkali metal. A method for cleaning contaminated gas, characterized by using an aqueous solution containing a metal sulfite and / or an alkali metal bisulfite.
(18) The method for cleaning contaminated gas according to any one of (8) to (17), wherein the cleaning solution further contains a bactericidal / bacteriostatic agent.
(19) The cleaning system for contaminated gas according to any one of (2) to (7), wherein the cleaning chemical solution further contains a bactericidal / bacteriostatic agent.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The contaminated gas cleaning system of the present invention includes a cleaning apparatus 1 having at least one layer 2 including a gas cleaning filler. The gas-cleaning filler 2c is preferably a treatment for imparting water resistance, shape retention during wetness, hardness, or further ion-exchangeability to paper particles mainly composed of delignified fibrous fibers. A cleaning chemical solution containing a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound (hereinafter, also referred to as an “amphiphilic solvent”) is supplied to the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler material. The contaminated gas is impregnated or supplied by the means 4 and the contaminated gas is suctioned from the contaminated gas suction port 1a provided on the upstream side of the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler through the suction blower 1b and the pipe 1c. The contaminated gas 5 is passed through the layer 2 containing the gas to clean the contaminated gas.
[0019]
Further, in the cleaning system of the present invention, it is preferable to provide a cleaning chemical liquid spraying means 3 in the cleaning apparatus 1 having the layer 2 containing the above-described gas cleaning filler or separately from the cleaning apparatus 1. When the spraying means 3 is provided in the cleaning device 1, the spraying means 3 is disposed on the upstream side of the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler, and the contaminated gas 5 is supplied from the cleaning chemical liquid tank 61 by the compressor 61 a for pressurization. Spraying the cleaning solution to be sprayed to form a mist 3a having an average particle size of 30 μm or less, trapping and conjugating the contaminants in the contaminated gas, and then passing the contaminated gas after spraying through the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler. Is preferred. FIG. 1 shows an example in which the spraying means 3 is disposed upstream (here, above) of the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler in the cleaning apparatus 1.
[0020]
When the spraying means 3 is installed above the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler in the cleaning apparatus 1, the mist 3a of the sprayed cleaning chemical is converted into droplets 2a by the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler. This has the advantage that the separation and discharge of pollutants in the polluted gas can be facilitated. Further, in the case of a high-temperature contaminant gas, there is an advantage that the mist of the sprayed cleaning chemical can be cooled and converted into droplets in the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler. When the droplets are formed in the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler, the cleaning agent liquid is supplied to the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler by the supply means 4 via the liquid flow pump 4a to remove the attached contaminants. The cleaning is performed by washing away with the cleaning liquid and separated from the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler at a lower portion (downstream) of the cleaning device 1 so that the liquid surface is provided at a position lower than the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler. It is dropped into the chemical solution tank 6 and put into a cleaning chemical solution storage tank 7 or a water tank (not shown), or further from the cleaning chemical solution storage tank 7 via a pipe 7b1 and a valve 7c1 to a processing device (not shown) provided continuously, and separated and collected. You can also. Note that the cleaning chemical solution for washing away the attached contaminants may be the same as the sprayed cleaning chemical solution, or may further include a chemical adapted to the treatment of the contaminants, or may have another formulation. In addition, unlike FIG. 1, the cleaning liquid tank 6 or the water tank may be provided at the lower part without providing the cleaning liquid tank 6.
Further, when the spraying means 3 is provided below the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler in the cleaning device 1 or provided separately from the cleaning device 1, the spray mist capturing and conjugating the contaminants in the contaminated gas is used. Is allowed to settle to the bottom or floor of the apparatus, and then the contaminated gas containing the remaining mist is passed through the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler to remove the remaining mist and discharge the gas out of the system (apparatus). preferable. In addition, the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler material impregnated with or supplied with the cleaning agent is provided separately from the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler material in the cleaning device 1 to pass outside the system (apparatus). May be discharged.
[0021]
The spraying means 3 for the cleaning agent may be any spraying device which can measure the cleaning agent solution at a position 15 cm from the injection port by a laser light scattering type particle size distribution measuring method and can reduce the average particle diameter to 30 μm or less. Any type of sprayer may be used, and the method is not particularly limited.
When the average particle diameter of the sprayed cleaning liquid particles exceeds 30 μm, the particles are too large and fall quickly, so that the probability of colliding with the contaminants in the contaminated gas is low and the contaminants cannot be completely captured. . In order to slow down the sedimentation speed of the cleaning solution particles and efficiently capture and remove contaminants, the average particle size of the sprayed cleaning solution particles must be 30 μm or less. In addition, it is preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or less. For example, when the airflow velocity is 0 (stationary state), the sedimentation velocity is about 22 times slower when the average particle size is 10 μm than when it is 50 μm.
[0022]
In the cleaning system of the present invention, the liquid surface is separated from the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler downstream of (or below) the above-described cleaning device 1 so that the liquid level is lower than that of the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler. A cleaning chemical tank 6 provided as a position, or a cleaning chemical tank 7 or a water tank (not shown) connected to the cleaning chemical tank 6 via a pipe 6a2 and a valve 6b2, or a pipe 7b1 and a valve from the cleaning chemical tank 7 It is preferable to provide a contaminant treatment tank (not shown) connected continuously via 7c1. By disposing a cleaning chemical solution storage tank 7 or a water tank downstream of the cleaning chemical solution tank 6, the cleaning chemical solution containing the contaminant in the form of droplets is transferred to the cleaning chemical solution storage tank 7 or the water tank at the liquid level. There is also an advantage that separation is facilitated by utilizing specific gravity. Further, by disposing the treatment tank for the pollutant separately from the cleaning device, it is possible to detoxify the toxic pollutant, and there is an advantage that the occurrence of secondary disaster can be prevented.
[0023]
Alternatively, the contaminated gas may be passed through a cleaning agent tank before passing through a layer containing a gas cleaning filler. The cleaning solution that has lost its effect can be discharged out of the apparatus via the pipe 6b3.
Note that, in the cleaning system of the present invention, the material of the cleaning device used is not particularly limited, but depending on the type of contaminant, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic resin, a corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel or the like. Is preferred.
[0024]
First, a layer containing a gas cleaning filler used in the cleaning system of the present invention will be described.
(1) Layer containing filler for gas cleaning
In the present invention, the cleaning apparatus 1 has the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler. The gas-cleaning filler 2c is preferably made of paper particles which are delignified or formed into a lump with fibrous fibers pretreated with liquid ammonia as a main component. It is preferable that the paper grain is manufactured by dropping a water drop containing a thin glue into a container that rotates a dry powder of fiber at a high speed, and drying and tangling the fiber. In the present invention, the material of the cellulose fiber is not particularly limited, but as described in Patent Document 1, pulp, cotton, rayon or other cellulosic, protein fiber, hydrophilic fiber such as polyvinyl alcohol, etc. Can also be suitably applied. In addition, other substances may be mixed to such an extent that the granulation property of paper delicate and the adsorption / water retention function are not impaired. The shape of the paper grain is not particularly limited, but is preferably spherical, elliptical, cylindrical, or the like, or a modification thereof. The size of the paper grain is preferably about 3 to 12 mm.
[0025]
Even if water-resistant processing is performed, the fiber layer of the paper grain absorbs water well to the surface layer and the internal fine structure of the paper grain because not only the inside but also the surface layer is a hydrophilic polymer compound. On the other hand, it has no affinity for animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils, etc., and has a lower specific gravity than water, and once absorbed water does not absorb these oils. For this reason, on the surface of the paper grain subjected to the following water-resistant treatment, the adhering oil is quickly dropped and is suitable as a filler for gas cleaning.
[0026]
The filler for gas cleaning used in the present invention is a paper which has been subjected to one treatment selected from the following A treatment to C treatment for imparting water resistance and hardness to the above-described paper particles. Consists of grains.
(B) A treatment
In the A treatment, one or two of chitosan solubilized with polyvinyl alcohol and a monovalent acid such as nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, and an active hydrogen atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule. Impregnated with an aqueous solution containing at least one kind of cellulose fiber cross-linking agent having no methylol group or methoxymethyl group of 2 or more, an acid promoter, or further methyl alcohol, followed by drying and heat treatment. This is a treatment for imparting water resistance and hardness.
[0027]
One or two of chitosan solubilized with polyvinyl alcohol and a monovalent acid contained in the aqueous solution used in the treatment A are the same as those of the thermosetting resin (melamine resin) described in Patent Document 1. Thus, without sacrificing the water absorption, it is possible to give the paper particles a hardness that will not be crushed even when used for a long period of time under wet conditions. One or two of the chitosans solubilized with polyvinyl alcohol and monohydric acid are attached to the paper grain in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5% by mass based on the total mass of the paper mass after drying. It is preferable to impregnate it by containing it in an aqueous solution. If it is less than 0.5%, the above effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.5%, the viscosity of the aqueous solution increases and the treatment efficiency decreases. It is preferable that the polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan used are high-molecular-weight product numbers. Further, polyvinyl alcohol has an advantage that, when a completely saponified type is used, weight loss due to hydrolysis does not occur even when a strongly acidic or strongly basic cleaning solution is used.
[0028]
The cellulose fiber crosslinking agent contains at least one of those having a methylol group number or a methoxymethyl group number of 2 or more in which an active hydrogen atom is not bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule. As such a fibrous fiber crosslinking agent, N, N'-dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea (hereinafter, also referred to as DMMHEU) can be exemplified. The cellulose fiber crosslinking agent is preferably contained in an aqueous solution and impregnated in the paper grains so that 1-2% by mass% after drying based on the total weight of the paper grains is attached. Examples of the fibrous fiber crosslinking agent having two or more methylol groups or methoxymethyl groups each having no active hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule include ethylene urea, propylene urea, uron, methyl triazine, dimethyl carbamate, etc. And acetylene diurea tetramethylol.
[0029]
As the acid promoter, ammonium chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and the like are suitable. The acid accelerator is contained in an aqueous solution together with a crosslinking agent, is impregnated into paper particles, is completely dried, and is then subjected to a heat treatment. It contributes to improved maintainability. The acid promoter is preferably used in an amount of about 5 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the cellulose fiber crosslinking agent (in terms of anhydride).
[0030]
Further, a part of the water in the aqueous solution may be replaced with methyl alcohol. By adding methyl alcohol preferably in an amount of 10 to 50% of the water mass, the surface layer of the paper grain after drying and heat treatment becomes hard, the water resistance and hardness are improved, and the resistance to crushing when wet is increased. . This is because, during drying, a fibrous fiber crosslinking agent (DMMHEU) that dissolves in methyl alcohol as well as methyl alcohol, which has a low latent heat of vaporization and easily evaporates, migrates from the inside of the paper grain to the surface layer, while a high molecular weight polymer It is considered that vinyl alcohol and chitosan remain on the surface without entering into the microstructure of the paper fiber, so that high-density crosslinking is formed on the surface of the paper grain. Further, when methyl alcohol is added, the drying speed is increased and the drying time can be remarkably reduced, so that there is an advantage that productivity can be greatly improved.
[0031]
In the treatment A, an aqueous solution containing the above-described chemical as an essential component is impregnated into paper grains, and dried and heat-treated. The heat treatment is performed at 120 ° C. or higher, preferably 135 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower. When heat treatment is performed after drying, the polyvinyl alcohol and the fibrous fibers are each easily dehydrated by a fibrous cross-linking agent to form condensation cross-linking of ether, become water-insoluble, and improve the water resistance of the paper particles. The amino group of chitosan and the fibrous fiber cross-linking agent (DMMHEU) are dehydrated and condensed at about 120 ° C. during drying and heat treatment to form cross-links by methylene condensation. Form on the surface. As a result, the paper grains are hardened and can withstand use (crushing) under a long-time wet condition. In addition, the amino groups remaining without cross-linking of chitosan also have an ion-exchange property for once trapping hydrophobic and weakly acidic contaminants that could not be trapped even by using a strongly basic detergent solution.
(B) B treatment
In the B treatment, paper particles are impregnated with an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, and dried, preferably while leaving 20 to 100% of moisture, and reacted with gaseous formaldehyde at 100 ° C. or lower to impart water resistance. This is the processing to be performed.
[0032]
As the acidic accelerator added to the aqueous solution in the B treatment, ammonium chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, sulfurous acid gas, zinc chloride, hydroxyzinc chloride, hydroxyaluminum chloride, sulfamic acid, hydrochloric acid, and the like are preferable. .
In the B treatment, the paper grains are impregnated with an aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned acid accelerator as an essential component, and dried after adjusting the water content to 20 to 100% of the weight of the paper grains. The gaseous formaldehyde generated by heating is contacted and reacted at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less to form a crosslink, and then washed with water to remove residual unreacted harmful formaldehyde and then dried. As a result, the paper grain becomes a paper grain having sufficient water resistance, but the hardness at the time of absorbing moisture is slightly insufficient. In the B treatment, before impregnating with the aqueous solution containing the above-described acidity promoter as an essential component, paper particles may be treated with liquid ammonia to increase the fiber adsorption. The treatment with gaseous formaldehyde is preferably performed in a closed space.
(C) C treatment
In the C treatment, paper particles are impregnated with one or two of chitosan solubilized with polyvinyl alcohol and a monovalent acid, and an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component. %, After drying, preferably by heating paraformaldehyde to react gaseous formaldehyde generated at 100 ° C. or less to impart water resistance and hardness.
[0033]
The content of one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan in the aqueous solution used in the C treatment is the same as the solution used in the A treatment, and the content of the acid promoter is the same as the solution used in the B treatment. Preferably the same. In the treatment C, it is not necessary to mix methyl alcohol into the aqueous solution as in the treatment A.
In the C treatment, paper particles are impregnated with the above-described aqueous solution, and then, like the B treatment, are dried and treated with gaseous formaldehyde to finish. By such a C treatment, paper particles having sufficient water resistance and hardness can be obtained.
[0034]
The B treatment and the C treatment are described in JP-A-51-72698, JP-A-51-49998, JP-A-5-59664, JP-B-6-102865, and JP-A-8-127962. The dimensional stabilization treatment for fibrous fibers such as cotton described in, for example, may be diverted.
Further, it is preferable that the paper grain used in the present invention is subjected to a treatment for imparting ion exchangeability as a pre-treatment before performing one treatment selected from the above-mentioned A treatment to C treatment. .
[0035]
The treatment for imparting the ion exchange property is to impregnate the paper grains with an aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and urea, and then dry and heat-treat at a temperature of 130 to 170 ° C. to obtain cellulose phosphate or monoammonium. This is a process for forming phosphate cellulose. In addition, 30-40% of water may be replaced by methanol by mass.
This processing is an application of the technology described in British Patent No. 604,197 and US Patent No. 2,482,755. The techniques described in British Patent No. 604,197 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,482,755 are disclosed in US Pat. No. 2,482,755. The cotton fabric is made to absorb phosphoric acid, dried, and then heated to 130 to 170.degree. This is a method of providing fire protection. By this method, the cellulose is phosphorylated. The present inventors have confirmed that esterification can be carried out in the same manner as cotton fabric by using an aqueous solution obtained by diluting about 6 to 9% of phosphoric acid with respect to the dry weight of the paper grain, instead of cotton. Further, the present inventors impregnate an aqueous solution of urea further added with equimolar to 2 times the molar amount of phosphoric acid to phosphoric acid, and then heat it at 130 ° C. to 170 ° C. for about 30 minutes to reduce acidic cellulose. It has also been confirmed that monosubstituted ammonium phosphate can be obtained in almost 100% yield. The concentration of phosphoric acid in the pretreatment liquid is preferably 6 to 12% by mass. When urea is further contained in addition to phosphoric acid, it is preferable that the urea be an aqueous solution to which an equimolar to double molar amount of phosphoric acid is added.
[0036]
Although this phosphate ester group has perfect water resistance, it has strong ion exchange, so when washed with chemicals or water, it binds to hard water or ions of calcium or sodium in the chemicals and loses fire protection, It has a typical cation exchange property that restores fire protection when washed with. The addition of such properties to the paper grain is very effective in capturing hydrophobic, weakly basic contaminants. If any of the above-described A to C treatments is performed after such pretreatment, excellent water resistance, high hardness when wet, and ion exchangeability can be simultaneously imparted to the paper grains.
[0037]
The layer containing the gas-cleaning filler is formed by (1) laminating one or more kinds of gas-cleaning fillers, which are paper grains obtained by performing the above-described various treatments, in a cleaning apparatus. (2) It is preferable to use one or two or more of the following methods: (1) bagging, (3) filling the air-permeable cartridge on both upper and lower surfaces. In addition, it is preferable that the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler is supported by an air-permeable supporting frame 2b such as a wire mesh and disposed in the cleaning device. The cleaning agent liquid is constantly impregnated or supplied to the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler thus constituted by the supply means 4, and becomes a layer moistened with the cleaning agent liquid. Thereby, the layer containing the gas cleaning filler,
(1) a function as a medium that allows the chemical reaction between the gaseous pollutant and the cleaning agent to proceed with high efficiency;
(2) Demisting function to prevent discharge of contaminants trapped by the cleaning solution to the outside of the device,
(3) The function as a cooler and demisting material that collects contaminants by cooling / dropping a high-temperature air stream containing water-insoluble organic solvents and oil smoke as contaminants;
Will have.
[0038]
The height of the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler in the cleaning system of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the type and amount of contaminants contained in the contaminated gas to be cleaned.
Gas cleaning devices are classified into a liquid dispersion type in which a chemical solution is sprayed and brought into contact with the gas and a gas dispersion type in which a gas is ejected into the cleaning solution, depending on the contact system between the gas and the cleaning solution. However, the cleaning device in the cleaning system of the present invention is a gas dispersion type because the layer containing the gas cleaning filler material is impregnated with the cleaning agent solution and brought into contact with the contaminant gas, and the cleaning agent solution is gaseous in the cleaning device. Since it is evenly distributed on the entire surface of the cleaning filler (paper particles), it is also a liquid dispersion type. For this reason, the cleaning device in the cleaning system of the present invention has more opportunities for reaction than the conventional plastic filler. The contact ratio is much higher than before, and this effect is maintained for a long period of time.
[0039]
The cleaning rate of a gas cleaning apparatus is determined by the product of the gas-liquid contact rate inherent to the apparatus and the reaction rate between the cleaning chemical and the gas contaminant. Most conventional cleaning devices other than Patent Document 1 have a gas-liquid contact ratio of 80% or less, usually 60% or less, and furthermore, in many cases, the selection of a cleaning chemical has not been sufficiently studied. The rate is often less than 50%. In the cleaning system of the present invention, for the reasons described above, if the selection of the cleaning chemical is appropriate, a cleaning rate of 100% can be obtained.
[0040]
When the cleaning device 1 is in operation, the cleaning device 1 must have a cleaning liquid supply unit 4 in order to impregnate or supply the cleaning liquid to the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler and wet the layer. Is preferred. The cleaning liquid supply means 4 is sprayed or sprayed, or is immersed in a tank (cleaning liquid storage tank 7) storing a cleaning liquid, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, and the fiber or the condensed material is immersed. A method of transferring a cleaning agent liquid by utilizing the capillary action of the converged material and impregnating the layer containing the gas cleaning filler is preferable for a small device such as a home. FIG. 1 shows an example of a method of spraying as the supply means 4. In the supplying means 4 by spraying, the particle size of the spray mist does not need to be particularly defined. There is no problem even with a large mist having a particle size of 100 to 150 μm. The supply means 4 is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a rotary sprinkler (sprinkler). The cleaning solution is supplied to the supply unit 4 from the cleaning solution storage tank 7 via the liquid flow pump 4a. The chemical used once can be used as the cleaning chemical. Further, in the present invention, the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler is not immersed in the cleaning liquid, is separated from the cleaning liquid tank 6 that stores the cleaning liquid, and is higher than the liquid level of the cleaning liquid tank 6. It must be provided at a location.
[0041]
Next, the cleaning solution used in the present invention will be described.
(2) Cleaning chemicals
(2-1) Impregnating and supplying a layer containing a gas cleaning filler material
In the present invention, the cleaning chemical liquid impregnating and supplying the layer containing the gas cleaning filler is a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound having a boiling point at 150 ° C. or more at 1 atm (hereinafter also referred to as “amphiphilic solvent”). And an aqueous solution containing The aqueous solution may not be completely transparent and may be cloudy. The aqueous solution contains an agent which makes it easy to remove contaminants physically / chemically by using chemical reactions such as neutralization, metathesis, addition, and oxidation / reduction. You can also.
[0042]
Water-soluble "amphiphilic solvents" have the property of freely dissolving in both water and hydrophobic organic substances, improving the contact rate between cleaning chemicals and hydrophobic gas pollutants such as oil fumes and water-insoluble organic solvents. In particular, when used by spraying, it is possible to delay the drying of the cleaning solution and increase the gas-liquid contact rate. The present inventors presume that these two effects improve the cleaning rate of contaminated gas.
[0043]
If the boiling point of the “amphiphilic solvent” (under 1 atm) is less than 150 ° C., it will evaporate from the mist when sprayed at normal temperature, especially at high temperature, and will dry too quickly. The rate is reduced, and the odor of the "amphiphilic solvent" is also generated. For this reason, in the present invention, the “amphiphilic solvent” contained in the cleaning solution is a water-soluble “amphiphilic solvent” having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher.
[0044]
By containing such an “amphiphilic solvent”, there is a potential for chemical reactivity and physicochemical conjugation, but no reaction occurred due to inability to contact with the cleaning solution. In addition, contaminants such as aldehydes and mercaptans having a large number of carbon atoms are trapped and easily reacted, and the purification rate of contaminated gas is improved.
The content of the “amphiphilic solvent” in the cleaning solution is about 0.1 ppm or more by mass% based on the total amount of the cleaning solution. If it is less than about 0.1 ppm, the above effects cannot be expected. In addition, when the content exceeds 30%, there is a problem that the load on the environment increases, and it is preferable that the content be about 30% or less, preferably about 10% or less. Note that the content is preferably about 100 ppm or less. When the cleaning solution is circulated and used, the appropriate amount is often about 5 to 10%.
[0045]
Examples of the “amphiphilic solvent” satisfying the above conditions include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (boiling point: 162.0 ° C.), triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (boiling point: 216.0 ° C.), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (boiling point: : 275.3 ° C.), but other compounds may be used.
In the case of a cleaning chemical used by spraying, even if a surfactant is used in place of the `` amphiphilic solvent '', most of the foaming occurs during spraying, so that the gas-liquid contact rate decreases, It cannot be used for the cleaning solution of the present invention. However, for separating and removing the organic solvent, a favorable result may be obtained by adding a surfactant having a low foaming property and salt as a salting-out agent.
[0046]
In addition, in addition to the “amphiphilic solvent”, the detergent solution to be impregnated is a straight-chain molecule having an anionic, cationic or amphoteric charge and no branching, and a molecular weight measured by an intrinsic viscosity method. Is 1.0 × 10 ⁷ The above polyacrylamide may be contained in an amount of 1 to 10 ppm by mass based on the total amount of the cleaning solution.
Further, it is preferable that the cleaning liquid containing the “amphiphilic solvent” and / or polyacrylamide further contains a bactericidal / bacteriostatic agent for bactericidal / bacteriostatic purposes. Examples of the preparation which can be contained in the cleaning solution of the present invention include a complex of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and / or 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2-pyridinothiol-1-oxide. Alkaline salt of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, polyhexamethylene biguanide It is preferable to use one or more selected from alkaline salts of the above.
[0047]
In particular, the complex of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (commonly known as povidone iodine) is a complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone, which dissolves iodine in an ethyl alcohol solution and / or an aqueous solution of iodine potash, and further reduces the toxicity. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum and excellent bactericidal effect even at low concentrations. In addition, by adding this chemical to the cleaning solution at a low concentration, the concentration can be easily controlled, iodine is constantly dissolved, and the layer containing the gas cleaning filler is sterilized and bacteriostatic. Can be sterilized and bacteriostatic, and can also sterilize microorganisms in exhaust air.
[0048]
When the cleaning solution contains an anionic polyacrylamide, a dilute aqueous solution of a complex of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone can be added.However, when an amphoteric or cationic polyacrylamide is contained, iodine is converted into a cationic solution. Complexes of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone cannot be used because they attack the groups.
When the detergent solution contains amphoteric or cationic polyacrylamide, it is soluble in water and / or "amphiphilic solvent", has good compatibility with detergent solution, has no ion exchange property, and has a broad antibacterial spectrum , 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and the like are suitable. In addition, any formulation other than those described above can be applied as long as the formulation is soluble in water and / or an “amphiphilic solvent”, has good compatibility with a detergent solution, has no ion exchange property, and has a wide antibacterial spectrum. As a bactericidal / bacteriostatic agent, it is preferable to use one or more of the above-mentioned preparations in combination, for example, 3 to 4 kinds, since the antibacterial spectrum is greatly expanded.
[0049]
A sufficient effect can be obtained by adding about 1 to 5 ppm of these bactericidal / bacteriostatic agents in the cleaning solution depending on the content of polyacrylamide and / or "amphiphilic solvent". This is because when the cleaning solution is dried, the concentration of the bacteriostatic / bacteriostatic agent in the solid content is concentrated to 20 to 100%.
(2-2) Cleaning agent for spraying
In the present invention, the cleaning liquid used for spraying is a linear molecule having a charge of any one of anionic, cationic and amphoteric, having no branch, and having a molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 3 as measured by an intrinsic viscosity method. ⁷ It is preferable that the above-mentioned polyacrylamide is an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble "amphiphilic solvent" having a boiling point of 150 ° C or more at 1 atm in an amount of 1 to 10 ppm by mass based on the total amount of the cleaning agent and / or 1 atm. The aqueous solution may also contain a conventionally known agent that removes contaminants by utilizing a chemical reaction or physical action such as neutralization, metathesis, addition, oxidation / reduction, and emulsification.
[0050]
Among the above-mentioned polyacrylamides, the amphoteric ones are water-soluble and are soluble in an aqueous solution. However, when dried, they form a salt-forming bond between molecules and between molecules, and become water-insoluble. After drying, water is added again to form a significantly swollen gel. As a result, molecular or aerosol-like substances are trapped and conjugated irrespective of their chemical properties, and the trapped air pollutants are not released even when water is added.
[0051]
When a dilute aqueous solution of polyacrylamide, for example, a dilute aqueous solution having a concentration of 5 ppm is sprayed to form a fine mist in the space, if the mist diameter becomes 1 / n times, the total mist surface area increases n times. And n times the gas-liquid contact rate. In addition, the smaller the particle size of the mist, the longer the residence time in the space, and the easier it is to trap and conjugate molecular and aerosol-like contaminants existing in the space and remove them. Large aerosol-like pollutants such as pollen wrap around the fine mist containing polyacrylamide and fall to the floor or the bottom of the device. This fact was confirmed by video shooting in a dark room and scanning electron microscope observation of falling objects.
[0052]
In particular, by containing amphoteric polyacrylamide in the cleaning solution, many malodorous components that cannot be captured by a chemical utilizing ordinary chemical reactions are captured and conjugated by strong affinity presumed to be due to Coulomb force, hydrogen bonding, etc. It is considered that the deodorization effect is improved because vaporization is hindered.
The polyacrylamide used in the present invention can be used by improving the polyacrylamide described in Japanese Patent No. 2,775,162, Japanese Patent No. 21,323,366, and Japanese Patent No. 2,1347,078. .
[0053]
The polyacrylamide used in the present invention has a molecular weight that can be measured by the limiting viscosity method so that the cleaning liquid can be uniformly sprayed as a fine mist having an average particle diameter of 30 μm or less. That is, it is preferably a linear molecule. The molecular weight of polyacrylamide is 1.0 × 10 ⁷ If the amount is less than the above, the conjugation effect is insufficient, and the deodorizing effect and the dust settling ability are reduced. The preferred molecular weight is 2.0 × 10 ⁷ That is all.
[0054]
When such a high molecular weight polyacrylamide is contained in excess of 10 ppm, the viscosity of the cleaning chemical solution becomes too high, and fine mist cannot be formed by ordinary spraying means. On the other hand, if it is less than 1 ppm, the effect of polyacrylamide cannot be expected. The preferred content is 3 to 7 ppm.
Among such high-molecular-weight polyacrylamides, those having an anionic charge have a usable pH range of 3 to 12, so that the functions of polyacrylamide are effectively exerted, so that they are contained in the contaminated gas. Check the components of major contaminants by gas chromatography analysis, check the pH of the aqueous solution of the components, select a polyacrylamide with a part number that falls within this range, or use an acid or an alkali such as an alkanolamine in the cleaning solution. It is preferable to adjust the pH of the cleaning solution by adding a buffer such as citrate, phosphate or sodium bicarbonate.
[0055]
Further, since the usable pH range of the cleaning solution changes depending on the content of an acid group such as acrylic acid, it is preferable to select and use a product number suitable for each purpose. Further, those having a cationic charge have a usable pH range of about 3 to 10, and can be used efficiently by adjusting a cleaning solution like the anionic one. The usable pH range of the cationic product is determined by the content of dimethylaminomethyl groups and dimethylaminoethyl groups, and is preferably adjusted by additives.
[0056]
In the case of an amphoteric charge, an aqueous solution containing several% or less of the above-mentioned high-molecular-weight anionic polyacrylamide is converted to methylol, and then reacted with dimeramine, gelamine, diisopropylamine, etc. to form a dialkylaminomethyl group. Can be introduced and manufactured. When a dimeraminomethyl group and a carboxyl group are contained in the molecule in an amount of about 10 to 20 mol%, respectively, in an equimolar amount, the intramolecular and intermolecular attraction force dramatically increases as both substituents increase. The usable pH range of these amphoteric substances is about 3 to 12, and depending on the main pollutants contained in the polluted gas, the pH is adjusted by adding an acid, an alkali, a buffer or the like to the cleaning solution. It is effective to adjust.
[0057]
Further, the cleaning solution to be sprayed may be used alone or in addition to the above-mentioned polyacrylamide, and as described in the section (2-1), a water-soluble “amphiphile having a boiling point at 150 ° C. or more at 1 atm. It is preferable to contain about 0.1 to 100 ppm of the "soluble solvent" with respect to the total amount of the cleaning solution. Includes an "amphiphilic solvent" that freely dissolves in both water and hydrophobic organic substances in the cleaning solution to delay the drying of the spray mist and improve the contact rate between the cleaning solution and hydrophobic gas contaminants. It is considered that the cleaning effect is improved.
[0058]
When the content of the “amphiphilic solvent” is less than 0.1 ppm, the above-mentioned effects are small, and when the content exceeds 100 ppm, the coagulation effect of the amphoteric polyacrylamide is inhibited, so that the conjugation effect is deteriorated. .
Since all of the above-mentioned cleaning chemicals are aqueous solutions that are easily decomposed by microorganisms, it is desirable that a predetermined amount of a low-toxic preservative is contained.
[0059]
Further, the cleaning chemical solution used in the cleaning system of the present invention is a dilute aqueous solution containing a small amount of polyacrylamide and / or an “amphiphilic solvent”. The BOD and COD are negligibly low, and the burden on the environment is extremely low. Low. For this reason, after use, it can often be discharged directly into a septic tank or environment.
In addition, the formulation described in (2-1) for sterilization and bacteriostasis should be added to the cleaning chemical solution to be sprayed, similarly to the cleaning chemical solution impregnated or supplied to the layer containing the gas cleaning filler. Can be.
(3) Main embodiments of the cleaning system of the present invention
The cleaning system of the present invention can be used to fill a semi-enclosed space, such as a building, a subway car, a station, or a room, with fire smoke, oily smoke, asphyxiating gas, or intentionally sprayed lethality. The present invention can also be applied to the purification of air (gas) containing pollutants such as harmful gases and harmful aerosols such as gases, pathogenic microorganisms and viruses.
[0060]
Using the cleaning system of the present invention, these polluted gases contain a small amount of polyacrylamide as a cleaning chemical and / or an “amphiphilic solvent” in a semi-closed space such as a building, a subway car, or a station yard. When a diluted aqueous solution is sprayed, these aerosols and the like, which are pollutants contained in the pollutant gas, rapidly settle on the floor, and the concentration of harmful pollutants rapidly decreases. In particular, when the aqueous solution contains the “amphiphilic solvent”, the cleaning rate is improved by about 10 to 20% as compared with the case where the aqueous solution does not contain the “amphiphilic solvent”. This difference is crucial when translated into the success rate of lifesaving. Thereafter, when these contaminated gases are further passed through a layer containing a gas cleaning filler impregnated with a cleaning chemical solution composed of paper grains in the cleaning device in the cleaning system of the present invention, a high degree of cleaning of the contaminated gases can be expected. .
[0061]
For example, when the contaminated gas is a gas containing a water-insoluble organic compound gas having a specific gravity of 1 or less, as shown in FIG. 1, the above-described spraying of the cleaning liquid (mist having an average particle size of 30 μm or less) 3a is performed. Is performed above the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler, and the spray mist 3a trapping the contaminants in the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler is converted into droplets 2a, which are downstream from the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler. (Lower) Separating from the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler and dropping it on the liquid surface of the cleaning solution tank 6 installed so that the liquid level is lower than the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler. Is preferred. The water-insoluble organic compound 7a, which is a contaminant, floats on the liquid surface of the cleaning solution tank 6 from the liquid droplet 2a that has dropped onto the liquid surface. The water-insoluble organic compound is collected from a drain port provided at a liquid level, and a cleaning chemical solution storage tank 7 or a water tank connected by a pipe 6a1 or a treatment tank for contaminants provided outside the cleaning apparatus 1 (not shown). Can be separated on the liquid surface by utilizing the difference in specific gravity. The water-insoluble organic compound 7a can be recovered via the pipe 7b1 and the valve 7c1. On the other hand, the gas that has passed through the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler is discharged from the exhaust port 9 as it is to the outside of the system (apparatus), or the gas 21 containing the gas cleaning filler impregnated with or supplied with the cleaning liquid is removed. After passing the gas, it is preferable to discharge the gas from the exhaust port 9a to the outside of the system.
[0062]
If the pollutant gas (air) is contaminated with extremely harmful gas or aerosol, use the above-mentioned cleaning solution containing polyacrylamide or alkaline or acidic buffers or pesticides according to the purpose in average particle size. After spraying as a mist of 30 μm or less, in addition to the “amphiphilic solvent”, pollutants such as harmful gases and aerosols are impregnated with or supplied with a detergent solution containing a decomposer and an insecticide. The mist is dropped onto the layer containing the gas cleaning filler, and the contaminated gas (air) is passed through the layer containing the gas cleaning filler, and the layer containing the gas cleaning filler moistened with the above-mentioned cleaning chemical liquid is further provided separately. And then discharged outside the device after cleaning to a safe level, the risk of secondary disaster occurrence can be significantly reduced.
[0063]
When the contaminant gas is a gas containing a water-insoluble contaminant heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing point, the contaminant gas is replaced with polyacrylamide and / or an “amphiphilic solvent” that is the cleaning solution of the present invention. By passing the contained aqueous solution through the impregnated or supplied layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler, cooling and dropletization can be performed on the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler. It is preferable to drop the liquid on the liquid surface of the cleaning liquid tank 6 provided separately from the containing layer 2. It can be collected in the cleaning chemical solution storage tank 7 or the water tank connected by the pipe 6a1 or further through the pipe 7b1 and the valve 7c1, and processed in a contaminant treatment tank (not shown) provided outside the cleaning apparatus 1. preferable.
[0064]
The cleaning system of the present invention having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 can be applied to, for example, smoke exhaust processing of petroleum forging oil in a metal forging factory.
The exhaust gas is introduced into the intake port 1a, and a cleaning agent solution containing polyacrylamide is sprayed by the spraying means 3 to form a mist 3a having an average particle size of 30 μm or less, preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or less. Captures and cools high temperature oil fumes generated by the thermal decomposition of The mist that has captured the oily smoke drops efficiently into the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler and forms droplets. In addition to the “amphiphilic solvent”, the cleaning agent liquid, which is an aqueous solution containing an alkaline oxidizing agent, is supplied to the layer containing the gas cleaning filler by the supply means 4, and the odors of aldehydes contained in the polluted gas are removed. Deodorizes and tars oil smoke. The mist 2a containing the contaminants dropletized in the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler has a liquid level lower than the layer containing the gas cleaning filler below the layer containing the gas cleaning filler. It falls on the liquid surface of the provided cleaning chemical liquid tank 6 and floats. The floating contaminants are collected from a drain port provided at the liquid level of the cleaning solution tank 6, transferred to the cleaning solution storage tank 7 via a pipe / valve, separated using a specific gravity difference, and collected from the pipe 7b1. .
[0065]
If the cleaning system of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is used, oily smoke that could not be removed by the conventional apparatus can be easily removed, and the deodorization rate of malodor of aldehydes can be increased. The cleaning chemical supplied to the layer containing the gas cleaning filler can be circulated and used until it is no longer effective.
In addition, if the cleaning system of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is used, it is possible to remove mist of cooking oil and odor contained in exhaust gas from a fried food factory for lunch or kitchen exhaust gas. The addition of 1 to 2 ppm of polyacrylamide to the cleaning solution is effective in deodorizing low-concentration complex mixed odors.
[0066]
Further, the use of the cleaning system of the present invention makes it possible to deodorize and remove styrene monomers generated by depolymerization of polystyrene when heating and melting foamed polystyrene waste material in cooking oil waste oil by heating to 200 ° C. or higher. It becomes possible.
In addition, the cleaning system of the present invention provides hydrogen sulfide in methane gas (biogas) generated by biodegrading so-called biomass, such as livestock excreta, wood waste, agricultural waste, and garbage, and alkyl with a strong odor. Applicable to the removal of contaminants such as mercaptan, methyl sulfide, suspected harmful bacteria and their spores.
[0067]
Biogas usually contains about 60% methane, about 40% carbon dioxide, and 0.15 to 0.4% hydrogen sulfide by volume, and is considered to be used as a fuel gas. However, when this biogas is burned, hydrogen sulfide becomes sulfur dioxide gas of the same volume and is released into the atmosphere, and the combustion equipment is damaged. This gas also releases bacteria and their spores. For this reason, removal of hydrogen sulfide and bacteria from biogas is important.
[0068]
In the cleaning system of the present invention, when the contaminated gas is a gas containing hydrogen sulfide such as biogas, the layer containing the gas cleaning filler is impregnated using the cleaning device shown in FIG. Or, as a cleaning chemical to be supplied and moistened, and / or a cleaning chemical to be sprayed on contaminated gas, to increase the reaction rate and reaction rate of the reaction for liberating hydrogen sulfide as sulfur with the amphiphilic solvent. One or more selected from among trialkanolamines, alkali metal hydroxides and alkali metal carbonates having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or more at a pressure, or one or more selected from alkali salts of sulfurous acid And / or an alkaline aqueous solution containing one selected from alkaline salts of bisulfite is preferably used. Examples of trialkanolamine having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or more at normal pressure include those having low volatility and no mutagenicity, such as triethanolamine, tri (iso) propanolamine, and triisopropanolamine.
[0069]
The method that does not use an alkaline substance is a reaction, which is known as the Bakken-Rodder's solution from ancient times, is a reaction in which hydrogen sulfide reacts with sulfur dioxide gas in water for a long time to produce hydrosol-like sulfur.
SO ₂ + 2H ₂ S = 2H ₂ O + 3S (1)
(For example, Toshizo Chitani: Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2, p851, p896-897, p907, published in May 1952, Sangyo Tosho Co., Ltd.).
[0070]
When hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are reacted in the presence of an alkali compound, sulfur is released through formation of a precursor, trithionate or tetrathionate. In the method of the present invention using an alkaline aqueous solution, the solubility of hydrogen sulfide in water is lower than that of sulfur dioxide gas (the solubility of hydrogen sulfide in water at 15 ° C. is about 6% of the solubility of sulfur dioxide gas). The compound neutralizes hydrogen sulfide to increase the concentration of sulfur ions, thereby increasing the reaction rate and yield. This method is effective when a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide is contained.
[0071]
At the beginning of washing, trialkanolamine, alkali metal hydroxide, and alkali metal carbonate react with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate and lower the pH of the solution, but simultaneously react with hydrogen sulfide (neutralization). ) To form a sulfide salt and dissolve in the cleaning solution. The alkali salts of sulfurous acid and bisulfite release sulfur by the reactions of the following formulas (2) to (4).
[0072]
In the case of a pollutant gas having a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide, an aqueous solution containing an “amphiphilic solvent” or the above-mentioned cleaning chemical solution is blown with a reaction equivalent to hydrogen sulfide or a slightly lower amount of sulfur dioxide gas. The method is effective. When a sulfurous acid gas is blown into the cleaning solution, it is preferable to blow it into the cleaning solution storage tank 7 of FIG. 1, for example. If the precipitation of the sulfur is slow due to the generation of the precursor, a sulfur oxidation separation tank into which air is blown may be separately provided in addition to the cleaning chemical liquid storage tank 7. This facilitates long-term cleaning of, for example, biogas containing a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide.
[0073]
For example, when a sulfurous acid gas is blown into a cleaning solution containing an alkali metal carbonate in the cleaning solution, the following formula (2) is used.
Na ₂ CO ₃ + SO ₂ = Na ₂ SO ₃ + CO ₂ …… (2)
And the hydrogen sulfide is converted into the following formula (3)
Na ₂ SO ₃ + 2H ₂ S + CO ₂ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + 2H ₂ O + 3S (3)
React like. That is, it is considered that sulfur can be released and precipitated without consuming the chemical in the cleaning chemical by reacting as shown in the equation (1). In the case of a hydroxide of an alkali metal, a sulfurous acid gas reacts as shown in the following formula (4).
[0074]
2NaOH + SO ₂ = Na ₂ SO ₃ + H ₂ O ...... (4)
This product, sodium sulfite, releases sulfur by the reaction of the formula (3). It is considered that alkalis in other cleaning chemicals also act as catalysts and can release and precipitate sulfur without consuming the chemicals. In this method, the drug in the cleaning solution is not consumed theoretically.
[0075]
In order to blow sulfurous acid gas into the cleaning solution, as shown in FIG. 1, hydrogen sulfide is supplied from a sulfurous acid gas supply port 8a through a pipe 8b connected to a sulfurous acid gas supply source (cylinder or the like: not shown). Sulfur dioxide gas having a reaction equivalent to hydrogen sulfide or less may be mixed into the contained pollutant gas. The sulfurous acid gas source may burn sulfur at the consuming location instead of the cylinder.
[0076]
The colloidal sulfur released and settled in the cleaning solution can be recovered and reused. For the recovery of sulfur, for example, it is preferable to add a saline solution as a coagulant for sulfur to the cleaning solution storage tank 7 of the cleaning apparatus 1 shown in FIG. This causes the sulfur to precipitate at the bottom of the tank. The precipitate is collected and the supernatant can be recycled and reused.
In this method, the drug in the cleaning solution is not consumed theoretically. However, in order to completely remove sulfurous acid gas and hydrogen sulfide in preparation for a situation in which unreacted biogas containing sulfurous acid gas or hydrogen sulfide is ejected from the device due to a device failure, etc., store the same alkaline cleaning chemical, It is preferable to provide another cleaning solution storage tank.
[0077]
In addition, sarin (C ₄ H ₁₀ FO ₂ P), taboon (C ₅ H ₁₁ N ₂ O ₂ P), mustard gas (C ₄ H ₈ Cl ₂ Detoxification of contaminated gas containing a lethal toxic gas such as S) can be easily performed by using the cleaning system of the present invention. An “amphiphilic solvent” is added to anionic polyacrylamide or amphoteric polyacrylamide, and a cleaning agent adjusted to be alkaline is sprayed on a fine mist of about 10 μm to produce a sarin (C ₄ H ₁₀ FO ₂ P), taboon (C ₅ H ₁₁ N ₂ O ₂ P), mustard gas (C ₄ H ₈ Cl ₂ By spraying a pollutant gas containing a lethal toxic gas such as S), such a toxic gas can be easily captured, and can be detoxified by impregnating with a strong alkaline solution or passing it through a layer containing a supplied gas cleaning filler. It is considered that there is a great possibility that harmful gas can be prevented from leaking out of the room. In this case, it may be desirable to perform the spraying outside the device.
[0078]
Further, in a cleaning system using an aqueous solution as a cleaning solution, the cleaning device easily becomes a culture medium for the growth of microorganisms, so that bacteria, fungi, algae, and the like are easily discharged into the exhaust air after the cleaning process. For this reason, when the cleaning system of the present invention is applied, for example, in a garbage processing facility, a fish meal processing facility, a chemical factory, a nursing facility, and a hospital, when the cleaning system is operated continuously for a long time, the apparatus and the cleaning chemical Therefore, it is necessary to prevent microbial disasters.
[0079]
For example, bacteria, fungi and spores that have been entrained in the airflow from the source of contamination and have entered or further propagated into the cleaning device are suspended in the airflow, but are aerosolized and molecular contaminants in the cleaning device. In contrast, it hardly contacts with cleaning chemicals or gas cleaning fillers. The gas molecules move very quickly at 15 ° C., for example, hydrogen sulfide is 447.2 m / s, and toluene is 272.0 m / s. It repeatedly collides with the surface of the device, flies in all directions, and easily collides with and is absorbed by the detergent solution and the gas-cleaning filler. However, spherical bacteria having a diameter of 1 μm are aerosols, and are swept into the airflow and 0.035 cm. It only falls about / s.
[0080]
Therefore, such an aerosol-like contaminant is difficult to remove by a conventional chemical cleaning method, but the cleaning system of the present invention using an aqueous solution containing polyacrylamide and / or an “amphiphilic solvent” as a cleaning liquid. Can remove such aerosol-like contaminants. Therefore, if a sterilizing / bacteriostatic agent is added to a cleaning chemical liquid to be sprayed and / or a cleaning chemical liquid to be supplied and supplied to a layer containing a gas-cleaning filler for sterilization / bacteriostasis, the cleaning chemical liquid floats in an air stream. Bacteria, fungi and spores, and / or bacteria, fungi and spores attached to the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler can be captured, dispersed in the cleaning solution, and easily sterilized and bacteriostatic. it can. As the bactericidal / bacteriostatic agent to be added to the cleaning solution, it is preferable to use a complex of iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone or the like as described in the section (2-1).
[0081]
Further, in the cleaning system of the present invention, air that cannot be completely removed by the methods described in Japanese Patent No. 2,775,162, Japanese Patent No. 21,323,366, and Japanese Patent No. 2,1347,078. Significantly low olfactory threshold, present in water-insoluble or poorly soluble, non-charged, chemically neutral or low-reactive organic compounds, such as middle and lower fatty acids, alcohols and aldehydes Intense odorous substances can be completely removed.
[0082]
Further, in the cleaning system of the present invention, a gas (air) containing a pollutant such as a malodorous component that is so strong that the odor concentration may exceed 100,000 by an olfactory measurement method based on human olfaction by the Ministry of the Environment, such as garbage The exhaust of the microbial decomposer can be almost completely deodorized. The gas discharged from microbial decomposition equipment such as garbage contains a large amount of bacteria and their spores and harmful gases, and has a complex composition with extremely large amounts of contaminants. Although some chemical reactions also contribute to the cleaning system of the present invention, it is considered that most of them are removed by the physicochemical conjugation of the cleaning solution used in the present invention.
[0083]
【Example】
(Example 1)
Using paper pulp produced from delignified fibrous fiber as a raw material, put this raw material in a container that rotates at high speed, entangle the fiber, add water containing glue, dry, and dry it into an irregular ellipsoidal shape. Paper grain was used. The obtained paper grain is sieved through a wire mesh to obtain a paper grain having an average length of 7.0 ± 0.2 mm, a width of 5.5 ± 0.2 mm, and a thickness of 4.0 ± 0.2 mm. collected. These paper particles had a humidity of 60% and an apparent specific gravity of 195 g / L. This paper grain was used as a filler material for gas cleaning.
[0084]
5 L (975 g) of this filler material (paper grain) is subjected to A treatment, B treatment, or C treatment to provide a gas cleaning filler (No. A, No. B, No. C) (Example of the present invention). did. Further, after performing D treatment as a pretreatment, A treatment was performed to obtain a gas cleaning filler (No. DA) (Example of the present invention).
(1) No. A (Example of the present invention)
The gas cleaning filler (No. A) was subjected to the following A treatment on the filler material to obtain a gas cleaning filler.
[0085]
A processing:
For 1 kg of the treatment liquid, 60 g of a 50% aqueous solution of dimethyl roll dihydroxyethylene urea, 300 g of a 7% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having a complete saponification and polymerization degree of 1800, and a water-soluble molecular weight of 2 by adding an equal amount of nitric acid. 0.0 × 10 ⁴ 10 g of a 1% aqueous solution of chitosan, 3 g of ammonium chloride, 300 g of methanol, and 327 g of water were dissolved and mixed to obtain a 10 L aqueous solution (treatment liquid). A filler material (paper grain) placed in a mesh bag made of nylon filament fiber is immersed in the treatment liquid for 2 minutes to impregnate the treatment liquid, then pulled up, and centrifuged (about 2000 rpm). After draining for 7 minutes so that the mass ratio between the paper particles and the processing liquid is about 1: 1, take out the filler material (paper particles) from the bag, and do not overlap the box with a stainless steel net at the bottom. After drying and curing for 45 minutes in a constant temperature / hot air circulating drier maintained at 130 ° C., it was taken out.
(2) No. B (Example of the present invention)
The gas cleaning filler (No. B) was subjected to the following B treatment on the filler material to obtain a gas cleaning filler.
[0086]
B processing:
A filler material (paper grain) put in a mesh bag made of nylon filament fibers is immersed for 2 minutes in an aqueous solution (treatment liquid) in which 50 g of methanesulfonic acid and 9950 g of water are mixed and dissolved per 10 kg of the treatment liquid. After pulling up, centrifuge (about 2,000 rpm) to remove the liquid for 7 minutes so that the mass ratio of the paper particles to the processing liquid is about 1: 1, and then dry until the water content becomes 8%. In a closed room, a box with a wire mesh at the bottom was placed horizontally, and the paper grains were spread in the box so as not to be stacked. Then, the paper particles subjected to the above treatment are placed in a closed chamber, and outside the closed chamber, 100 g of paraformaldehyde and water are put into a 1 L Erlenmeyer flask, and the vapor of formaldehyde generated by gently heating is placed in the closed chamber. After the reaction, the vapor of formaldehyde was allowed to react with the paper particles, and then treated with steam to remove unreacted formaldehyde.
(3) No. C (Example of the present invention)
The gas cleaning filler (No. C) was subjected to the following C treatment on the filler material to obtain a gas cleaning filler.
[0087]
C processing:
For each 10 kg of the treatment liquid, 50 g of methanesulfonic acid, 3000 g of a 7% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 1800, and a degree of polymerization of 1800, and an equal amount of nitric acid were added to make the mixture water-soluble. ⁴ 100 g of a 1% aqueous solution of chitosan, 2,000 g of methanol, 4850 g of water, and a mixed and dissolved aqueous solution was used as a treatment liquid. And reacted with formaldehyde.
(4) No. DA (Example of the present invention)
The gas-cleaning filler (No. DA) was prepared by subjecting the filler material (paper particles) to the following D treatment as a pre-treatment, and then performing the above-described A treatment to obtain a gas-cleaning filler.
[0088]
D processing:
An aqueous solution obtained by mixing and dissolving 90 g of 85% phosphoric acid, 150 g of urea, 200 g of methanol, and 560 g of water per 1 kg of the treatment liquid is used as a pretreatment treatment liquid. The packing material (paper particles) in the bag is immersed for 2 minutes to impregnate the processing liquid, then pulled up and centrifuged (about 2,000 revolutions / minute) so that the mass ratio of the paper particles to the processing liquid is about 1%. : 1 for 7 minutes, the filler material was taken out of the bag, dried in a constant-temperature, hot-air circulating drier kept at 130 ° C for 45 minutes, and then dried at 150 ° C x 30 with the same drier. Heat treatment.
(5) No. E (Comparative example)
Further, 5 L of the above-mentioned filler material (paper grain) is subjected to a treatment outside the scope of the present invention, which is the same as the A treatment except that PVA and chitosan are not contained, and the gas cleaning filler (No. E) ( Comparative Example).
[0089]
The obtained gas-cleaning filler, no. A, No. C, No. DA and No. Regarding E, each was charged into the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler in the cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, and the increase in pressure loss when actually used for 30 days was compared and tested. The layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler was formed by laminating the gas-cleaning filler at a thickness of 30 cm. In this test, spray cleaning was not performed, air was passed instead of the contaminated gas, and the gas was passed through the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler supplied and impregnated with the cleaning chemical in the cleaning chemical liquid storage tank 7, and was discharged from the exhaust port 9. Exhausted.
[0090]
The cleaning agent liquid was supplied by a liquid flow pump 4a operated by an electromagnetic valve linked to a liquid level meter so that the liquid amount became constant during operation. The cleaning chemicals used were as follows (a) and (b).
(A) Strongly acidic solution: a solution obtained by diluting a solution obtained by adding 65 ml of 2 mol / ml hydrochloric acid to 250 ml of 2 mol / L ammonium chloride and diluting with water, and having a pH of 2.0.
(B) Strongly basic solution: a solution obtained by adding 530 ml of 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide to 250 ml of 2 mol ml of potassium chloride solution and diluting it to 1 L with water, and having a pH of 12.9. One day and 30 days after the start of operation, the pressure loss was measured by connecting a small valve attached to the portion 1c in FIG. 1 and a small valve attached to the exhaust port 9 to a water pressure gauge via a silicone tube. It was measured. One day after the start of operation was set as the initial value. The unit of the pressure loss was the height of the water column (mmAq).
[0091]
Table 1 shows the obtained results.
[0092]
[Table 1]

[0093]
As a result of this test, the inventive examples (No. A, No. C, No. DA) showed an increase in pressure loss of about 15%, whereas the comparative example (No. E) was crushed by its own weight and deformed. As a result, the pressure loss increased more than twice.
Next, 5 g of each of the obtained gas-cleaning fillers was put into 100 ml of a 0.01% aqueous solution of trimethylamine having a peculiar odor, and the odor of the aqueous solution was tested by human odor. As a result, the malodor of trimethylamine was eliminated only when the gas cleaning filler (No. DA) of the present invention was charged.
(Example 2)
An air flow (air) discharged from a food waste decomposer having a treatment capacity of 30 kg / day was washed using a washing device schematically shown in FIG.
[0094]
The food waste decomposing apparatus has a horizontally long and tubular decomposition chamber, and has an airtight and openable dust input port on the upper surface. Sawdust that carries bacteria and is used for a long time is placed in the decomposition chamber. After feeding the food waste through the garbage inlet, the contents (food waste) are turned back by the rotating wings vertically attached to the horizontal shaft while feeding the fresh air into the decomposition chamber with a blower. Further, while the humidity and temperature of the decomposition chamber are adjusted within a certain range by the control device, the rotation and stop of the rotor are repeated every 15 minutes. A high-humidity air stream of about 50 ° C. having a strong odor and containing carbon dioxide gas, harmful gas, microorganisms, spores, etc. is discharged from the exhaust hole of the food waste decomposition apparatus.
[0095]
The cleaning device 1 used is a vertically long rectangular parallelepiped (800 × 800 × 1500 mm in height), has an intake port 1a for introducing a processing gas on an upper side surface, and an exhaust port for discharging a cleaned gas on a lower side surface. 9 The layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler is provided above the liquid level of the cleaning liquid tank 6 separately from the cleaning liquid tank 6. The spraying means 3 is provided below the intake port and above the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler. The spraying means 3 (spray gun) is capable of spraying a mist of a cleaning liquid having an average particle diameter of 20 μm measured by a laser light scattering type particle size distribution measuring method at a position 15 cm from the injection port in parallel with the contaminated gas to be cleaned. And The layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler was formed by laminating the gas cleaning filler at a thickness of 30 cm. In addition, the filler for gas cleaning used in Example 1 was obtained by applying the A treatment to the filler material (paper grain) used in Example 1. A.
[0096]
Further, the cleaning chemical solution sucked by the liquid flow pump 4a from the cleaning chemical solution storage tank 7 is sprayed and supplied to the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler by the supply means 4 (here, using a rotary sprinkler), The layer 2 containing the cleaning filler is moistened with the cleaning solution.
The cleaning liquid to be impregnated and supplied to the layer containing the cleaning liquid to be sprayed and the gas cleaning filler is a linear molecule having a molecular weight of 1.8 × 10 by the limiting viscosity method. ⁷ 5 ppm of amphoteric polyacrylamide in which 15 mol% of acrylic acid and 15 mol% of dimethylaminomethyl groups are bonded, 2 ppm of triethylene glycol dimethyl ether as an “amphiphilic solvent”, and 0.1 ppm of sodium bicarbonate as a buffer An aqueous solution (detergent a) containing 5 ppm each of 2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and sodium salt of hexamethylene biguanide as disinfecting and bacteriostatic agents. As a comparison, an experiment was also conducted on a cleaning solution (cleaning solution b) obtained by removing triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, which is an “amphiphilic solvent”, from cleaning solution a.
[0097]
From the garbage inlet of the above-mentioned food waste decomposition apparatus, 15 kg of raw vegetable chips, 5 kg of expired cooked rice, and 10 kg of raw tuna ara are put at a time three times (6 days) every other day. . Then, an airflow (air) discharged from the exhaust hole of the food waste decomposer was collected as a sample, and the odor concentration was measured. Samples were collected at 5 hours and 23 hours after the introduction of the garbage, and were repeated each time (a total of 3 times) (a total of 6 times). In addition, since the odor concentration and the emission concentration of fungi increase when the switching is performed, the discharged air current was collected while the contents of the decomposition chamber were being switched by the rotating blades. It has been confirmed that the odor concentration becomes highest 5 hours after the garbage is input, and becomes the lowest concentration 23 hours after the garbage is input. The highest concentration is obtained when collected 5 hours after the input of garbage, and the lowest concentration is obtained after 23 hours. It represents the concentration. The values of the highest concentration and the lowest concentration were averaged three times, and the average value was used as the odor concentration.
[0098]
The collected sample was supplied to the inlet 1a of the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1 by a pump. In the cleaning device 1, the cleaning chemical is sprayed from the spraying means 3 so as to form a mist having an average particle diameter of 20 μm, and supplied and impregnated with the cleaning chemical in parallel with the sucked-in pollutant gas. 2m containing layer 2 containing filled gas cleaning filler ³ Per minute, the contaminated gas was washed and discharged from the exhaust port 9. The odor concentration was measured using the discharged airflow as a sample.
[0099]
The measurement of the odor concentration was carried out by continuously diluting fresh air into the gas (sample) to be measured, and determining the dilution factor at the time when six persons with normal olfaction could not smell the odor. The average value of the measured values (dilution ratios) of four persons excluding the highest and lowest values among the six persons was defined as the odor concentration.
From the odor concentration of the air stream discharged from the food waste decomposing device and the odor concentration of the gas after being cleaned by the cleaning device, the purification rate of the contaminated gas by the cleaning system of the present invention was determined. The cleaning rate (%) is {(odor concentration of airflow discharged from food waste decomposer)-(odor concentration of gas after cleaning by cleaning device)} / (discharged from food waste decomposer) Odor concentration in the airflow) × 100 (%).
[0100]
Table 2 shows the obtained results.
[0101]
[Table 2]

[0102]
In the cleaning system (example of the present invention) using a gas cleaning filler and a cleaning chemical solution within the scope of the present invention, the cleaning rate is almost 100%, and contaminants can be almost completely removed. When the cleaning solution was used, the cleaning rate was low and contaminants could not be completely removed. From these results, the usefulness of the “amphiphilic solvent” was confirmed.
(Example 3)
A room in a reinforced concrete building just before demolishing (space capacity: 120 m) ³ ), A detoxification (removal) experiment of hydrogen sulfide contained in the air was conducted. In order to make the room completely airtight, the gaps and openings of the doors were filled with putty, and the gaps of the window glass were sealed with adhesive tape.
[0103]
In the center of such a room, first, dilute sulfuric acid was added to iron sulfide placed in an Erlenmeyer flask to generate hydrogen sulfide (permissible concentration: 10 ppm, lethal concentration: 1000 ppm), and the gas in the room was stirred while the air was stirred by a fan. The concentration was made uniform. Then, when a measurer wearing a gas mask measured the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the room with a Kitagawa gas detector tube, the concentration was 60 ppm. One hour later, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the room was measured. The concentration was 54 ppm (reaction rate of gas concentration: 10% / hour) due to reaction with walls and floors and leakage outside the room. This gas concentration: 54 ppm was set as an initial value.
[0104]
Next, the above cleaning solution was sprayed throughout the room at a spray rate of about 90 g / min for 3 minutes. The spraying was performed using a movable three-fluid spraying device, and the average particle size of the spray mist of the cleaning liquid at that time was 10 μm as measured by a laser light scattering type particle size distribution measuring method at a position 15 cm from the injection port. Was. The used cleaning solution was the cleaning solution a used in Example 2.
[0105]
When the mask was removed 1 to 2 minutes after spraying, it was felt that most of the hydrogen sulfide could be removed from the sense of smell. However, when the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in the room was measured 2 to 3 minutes after spraying, 12 ppm was obtained. Met. The cleaning rate defined by {(initial gas concentration)-(gas concentration after spraying)} / (initial gas concentration) × 100 (%) is 78%.
As a result of the above-described spraying of the cleaning solution, almost 100% of the hydrogen sulfide diffused into the room was captured by the spraying mist of the cleaning solution, but only 80% of the hydrogen sulfide settled on the floor. The remaining 20% of the mist had a small mist particle size, and the particle size was reduced by evaporation of water, and the hydrogen sulfide was retained. It is probable that no hydrogen sulfide smell was felt because the gel entered the nostrils.
[0106]
Next, as described above, the room air sprayed with the cleaning solution in the room was sucked into the intake port 1a of the cleaning device 1 shown in FIG. 1 to clean the room air.
The used cleaning device has a layer 2 containing a gas-cleaning filler inside, and is further separated from the layer 2 containing a gas-cleaning filler, and below the layer 2 containing a gas-cleaning filler, A cleaning liquid tank 6 whose liquid level is lower than the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler is provided, and a cleaning liquid tank 7 for storing the cleaning liquid is connected to the cleaning liquid tank 6 via a pipe. . Further, the cleaning device is provided with a cleaning chemical liquid supply means 4 composed of a rotary water sprinkler, to which the cleaning chemical liquid is supplied from the cleaning chemical liquid storage tank 7 via the liquid flow pump 4a. The cleaning agent liquid is supplied to and impregnated by the supply means 4 into the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler, so that the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler retains wettability. In the cleaning device 1, the contaminated gas (room air) is cleaned by passing it through the layer 2 containing the wet gas cleaning filler, cleaned, and discharged from the exhaust port 9.
[0107]
The layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler is formed by coating the gas-cleaning filler (No. B) (see Example 1), which has been subjected to the B treatment for imparting only water resistance to the paper grains, horizontally on a stainless steel wire mesh. To a thickness of 30 cm. Further, the used cleaning chemical solution was, per 1 kg of the chemical solution, 20 g of triethylene glycol dimethyl ether as the “amphiphilic solvent”, 80 g of sodium hydroxide, 40 g of sodium bicarbonate, 10 g of sodium persulfate as the oxidizing agent, and 10 g of organic compound. An aqueous solution (cleaning solution c) was prepared by mixing and dissolving 40 g of triethanolamine having a high affinity for hydrogen sulfide as a solvent and 810 g of water. The used washing apparatus was produced by modifying an existing drum (about 200 L). Since the structure is simple, the pressure loss is about 20 mm aq and 6 to 8 m ³ Per minute / min.
[0108]
After the hydrogen sulfide is diffused into the room and the room air after spraying the cleaning agent liquid is cleaned by the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1 under the above-described conditions, the air discharged from the exhaust port 9 is used for the Kitagawa gas detection tube. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas was measured in the same manner, but was not detected at all.
(Example 4)
In the same airtight room as in Example 3, sulfur was burned to generate sulfurous acid gas (allowable concentration: 2 ppm, lethal concentration: 400 ppm), and the gas concentration in the room was made uniform. The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the room measured by a measurer wearing a mask was 40 ppm.
[0109]
Next, as in Example 3, the cleaning solution was sprayed throughout the room. The used cleaning solution was the same as in Example 3 (cleaning solution a). The gas concentration in the room after the spraying was measured with a Kitagawa type gas detector tube in the same manner as in Example 3 to obtain 4 ppm. The cleaning rate was 90%.
Next, the room air after spraying the cleaning agent was sucked into the cleaning device 1 shown in FIG. The used gas-cleaning filler and cleaning solution were the same as in Example 3. The sulfur dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the exhaust port 9 of the cleaning device 1 shown in FIG. 1 was measured by a Kitagawa gas detector tube, but was not detected.
(Example 5)
An experiment was conducted on cleaning an air stream containing a coating mist and an organic solvent discharged from a coating booth of a spray coating factory.
[0110]
First, a 3x3x3m skeleton is made with an iron pipe inside the spray coating factory building, and its outer surface is covered with a polyethylene film (thickness: 0.15mm) so that the airtightness is maintained. In the upper part of the center, a dust removal booth equipped with a spray nozzle of a three-flow sprayer was installed in the upper part of the center so as to be able to spray downward. The spray nozzle was a nozzle capable of generating a mist having an average particle size of 10 μm at a position 50 cm from the spray port. In addition, the exhaust port of the dust removal booth is provided with a layer containing a gas cleaning filler which is wetted with a cleaning solution for secondary dust removal, and through this layer, most of the solid content in the paint is removed. An Al flexible pipe (diameter: 150 mm) for sucking a gas containing an organic solvent mist is joined. The layer containing the gas-cleaning filler for secondary dust removal is a gas-cleaning filler (gas-cleaning filler No. B: see Example 1) that has been subjected to the B treatment for imparting water resistance to paper particles. ) Was used (thickness: 20 cm). The layer containing the gas-cleaning filler is intermittently supplied with a cleaning solution (cleaning solution d shown below) from a fine hole opened at the end of a vinyl chloride tube fitted to a small liquid flow pump. Is done.
[0111]
The other end of the Al flexible pipe connected to the exhaust port of the dust booth is connected to the intake port 1a of the cleaning device 1 shown in FIG. The cleaning device 1 is a modified stainless steel drum (580 mm in inner diameter x 850 mm in height: 230 L in internal volume), and has an inlet 1a at the center of the lid. At the upper part of the cleaning device, a spraying means (spray nozzle) 3 of a three-flow type sprayer is installed so as to be able to spray downward, and a layer 2 containing a gas-cleaning filler at a position 40 cm below the spray nozzle ( (Thickness of the material: 20 cm). As the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler, a gas cleaning filler (gas cleaning filler No. B: see Example 1) was used. The cleaning solution (cleaning solution e shown below) is sprayed on the layer 2 containing the gas-cleaning filler by a rotary water sprinkler, and is impregnated and supplied so as to be constantly moistened. The spraying means 3 (spray nozzle) was of the same type as the spray nozzle installed in the dust booth.
[0112]
From the spraying means 3 (spray nozzle) in the cleaning apparatus, a space (about 0.1 m) with the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler is provided. ³ ) Is sprayed with a cleaning solution (cleaning solution d shown below) in parallel with the airflow from the intake port. The mist of the sprayed cleaning liquid was measured by a laser light scattering type particle size distribution measuring method at a position 15 cm from the injection port, and found to have an average particle diameter of 10 μm. The gas stream sprayed with the cleaning liquid (cleaning liquid d) is formed into droplets in a layer containing the gas cleaning filler, and accumulates together with the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid tank 6 at the bottom of the cleaning device. In the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1, the amount of liquid remaining at the bottom of the cleaning device is constant (liquid level: 35 cm). If the amount exceeds that, a head is dropped through the pipe provided on the side surface of the cleaning device into the cleaning solution reservoir 7 outside the device. It is designed to use and flow in. The cleaning liquid stored in the cleaning liquid storage tank 7 is supplied to the supply means 4 (rotary sprinkler) by the liquid flow pump 4a and reused. The reduced amount of the cleaning solution is adjusted and replenished as needed. Further, the organic solvent for coating floating on the liquid surface of the cleaning agent liquid storage tank 7 is separated and collected by utilizing a difference in specific gravity.
[0113]
The cleaning solution d is a linear molecule, anionic and has a molecular weight of 2.0 × 10 ⁷ (Intrinsic viscosity method), 5 g of polyacrylamide triethanolamine salt obtained by copolymerizing 15% of acrylic acid in 1 kg of mass, 0.5 g of triethylene glycol dimethyl ether as an “amphiphilic solvent”, and 0 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether An aqueous solution containing 0.5 g of a complex of iodine as a bactericide and polyvinyl hirrolidone in an amount of 0.001 g in terms of iodine.
[0114]
The cleaning solution e was further mixed with 0.2 g of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate having an HLB value of 15.0 per kg of the cleaning solution d in order to make the organic solvent incompletely emulsified. An aqueous solution was used.
By using such a dust removing booth and the cleaning device 1, the amount of air blown at the entrance of the dust removing booth is 3 m. ³ / Min to clean the gas exhausted from the painting booth.
[0115]
As a result, when the cleaning agent was sprayed in the dust removal booth, it was observed that the coating mist, which had not been visible until now, settled on the floor in a solid state, like snow falling suddenly from a clear sky.
The gas sprayed with the cleaning chemical in the dust removal booth was then sprayed in the cleaning device 1, formed into droplets in a layer containing a gas cleaning filler, and exhausted from the exhaust port of the cleaning device. The odor concentration of the exhausted gas was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the odor concentration was 1100 (dilution ratio). The odor concentration of the gas exhausted from the coating booth measured by the same method is 21000 (dilution ratio), which indicates that the cleaning system of the present invention is effective.
[0116]
An experiment was also conducted in which the spraying of the cleaning solution in the dust removal booth was performed using a two-fluid sprayer and the average particle size of the spray mist was set to 50 μm (comparative example). The amount was about 15% of the inventive example.
(Example 6)
Using the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1, an experiment was conducted on the removal of hydrogen sulfide contained in a large amount in biogas.
[0117]
The layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler in the cleaning device 1 is a gas cleaning filler No. which has been subjected to a C treatment for imparting water resistance and hardness to paper grains as a gas cleaning filler. Using C (see Example 1), a layer in which the gas cleaning filler was laminated to a thickness of 25 cm was formed in two stages, so that the gas-liquid contact was doubled.
The cleaning chemical liquid impregnated in or supplied to the layer 2 containing the gas cleaning filler was a cleaning chemical liquid f shown below.
[0118]
The cleaning solution f is prepared by mixing 2% of triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, which is an "amphiphilic solvent", 10% of caustic soda, and 0.01% of a complex of iodine and polyvinyl hirolidone in terms of iodine in terms of mass. This was a dissolved aqueous solution.
A certain amount of hydrogen sulfide was mixed into the air sucked by the suction blower 1b from a cylinder containing liquefied hydrogen sulfide by a pressure reducing valve and a flow meter, and was blown into the suction port 1a of the cleaning device 1. In addition, spraying of the cleaning solution from the spraying means 3 (spray nozzle) was not performed.
[0119]
The blowing volume is 3m ³ / Min and the pressure drop was 30 mm aq for the experiment. Ten minutes after the start of the air supply, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide at the intake port 1a was 4,000 ppm as measured by a Kitagawa gas detector tube. On the other hand, the hydrogen sulfide concentration was similarly measured at the exhaust port 9 of the cleaning device, but could not be detected. The same analysis was performed every hour until 3 hours from the start of the experiment, but no hydrogen sulfide was detected at the exhaust port 9 of the cleaning device.
[0120]
However, after 3 hours and 45 minutes, the smell of hydrogen sulfide began to drift strongly around the equipment, so the supply of hydrogen sulfide was stopped to prevent danger, and 2 kg of a spare cleaning solution was added to complete the sulfurization. Until hydrogen was not detected from the exhaust port, the operation was performed only by blowing. After a certain period of time, the reason why hydrogen sulfide could not be removed was that the neutralization reaction equivalent of the cleaning chemical became zero, and when high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide such as biogas were contained, the cleaning chemical used was It was found that it was unsuitable and that it was necessary to use a chemical solution whose desulfurization ability was greatly improved.
(Example 7)
An attempt was made to remove hydrogen sulfide gas using the same cleaning apparatus (FIG. 1) having a layer containing a gas cleaning filler as in Example 6.
[0121]
A certain amount of hydrogen sulfide is mixed into the air sucked by the suction blower 1b from a cylinder containing liquefied hydrogen sulfide by a pressure reducing valve and a flow meter. % Was fed from the sulfur dioxide gas supply port 8a. In addition, spraying of the cleaning liquid from the spraying means 3 in the cleaning device was not performed.
[0122]
As the cleaning solution, 2% of triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, which is an "amphiphilic solvent", 10% of caustic soda, 5% of triethanolamine, 3% of sodium chloride as a salting-out agent, iodine and polyvinyl hirolidone Was made into an aqueous solution in which 0.01% in terms of iodine was mixed and dissolved. 50 kg of the cleaning solution was prepared. At 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 15 hours after the start of the air supply, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and sulfurous acid gas were measured at the exhaust port 9 of the cleaning device using a Kitagawa gas detector tube, respectively. As a result, no hydrogen sulfide or sulfurous acid gas was detected in any case. The cleaning liquid accumulated at the bottom of the cleaning apparatus in FIG. 1 changed to a slurry containing cloudy sulfur, and a considerable amount of sulfur was precipitated, as compared with before the start of operation. This sulfur content can be easily separated and recovered by ordinary coagulation sedimentation, washing, and filtration methods, and can be reused as a raw material of a sulfurous acid gas. In addition, it was confirmed that the cleaning solution can be reused.
[0123]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, conventionally, it has been difficult to remove from the pollutant gas, or with a bad smell or harmful, contaminants such as molecular or aerosol, or a mixed pollutant thereof, or more Hydrophobic contaminants and the like can be removed simply, safely and completely in a lump, and the power, water and chemicals to be used can be reduced, resulting in industrially remarkable effects. Further, according to the present invention, the pollutant gas can be cleaned without leaking harmful pollutants to the environment, and there is an effect that the risk of occurrence of secondary disaster is reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of a contaminated gas cleaning apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Cleaning equipment
1a Inlet
1b Inhalation blower
1c Piping
2 Layer containing filler for gas cleaning
2a droplet
2b Filler support frame
2c Gas cleaning filler
3 spraying means
3a Mist (spray)
4 Supply means
4a Liquid flow pump
5 Contaminated gas
6 Cleaning chemical tank
6a1, 6a2, 6a3 Piping
6b1, 6b2, 6b3 Valve
61 Cleaning chemical tank
61a Compressor for pressurization
7 Cleaning chemical storage tank
7a Pollutants
7b1, 7b2 piping
7c1, 7c2 valve
8 Sulfurous acid gas supply port, 8b piping
9, 9a Exhaust port

Claims (5)

A gas-cleaning filler filled in a gas cleaning device to clean contaminated gas, wherein a paper grain containing fibrous fibers as a main component is treated with one of the following A to C processes, or After performing a pretreatment of impregnating with an aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and urea and drying and heat-treating at a temperature of 130 to 170 ° C., one type of treatment selected from the following A to C treatments is performed. Gas-cleaning filler consisting of crushed paper grains.
A treatment: one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan, and a fibrous fiber having an active hydrogen atom not bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule and having a methylol group number or a methoxymethyl group number of 2 or more. A process of impregnating an aqueous solution containing one or more of a cross-linking agent and an acid promoter or, further, methyl alcohol as an essential component, performing drying and heat treatment, and imparting water resistance and hardness.
B treatment: a treatment of impregnating an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, drying while leaving moisture, and reacting gaseous formaldehyde at 100 ° C. or lower to impart water resistance.
C treatment: impregnated with one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan and an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, dried while leaving out moisture, and gaseous formaldehyde was reduced to 100 ° C or less. A process of reacting and imparting water resistance and hardness. At least one cleaning device having a layer containing a gas-cleaning filler is provided, and an intake port for the contaminant gas is disposed upstream of the layer containing the gas-cleaning filler, and the contaminant gas introduced from the intake port is provided. Is a contaminated gas cleaning system for cleaning the contaminated gas by passing through a layer containing the gas cleaning filler, wherein the gas cleaning filler is a paper particle mainly composed of fibrous fibers, -C treatment, or a pre-treatment of impregnating with an aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and urea and drying and heat-treating at a temperature of 130 to 170 ° C. A layer comprising a paper grain subjected to one kind of treatment selected from among the C treatments, the layer containing the gas cleaning filler, and a layer of the gas cleaning filler obtained by performing each of the above treatments; Laminate, bag, and ventilate the upper and lower surfaces A gas-cleaning filler-containing layer containing a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound having a boiling point of 150 ° C or higher. A cleaning system for contaminated gas, wherein a cleaning agent solution is impregnated or supplied, and a layer containing the gas cleaning filler is provided separately from a tank for storing the cleaning agent solution.
A treatment: one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan, and a fibrous fiber having an active hydrogen atom not bonded to a nitrogen atom in the molecule and having a methylol group number or a methoxymethyl group number of 2 or more. A process of impregnating an aqueous solution containing one or more of a cross-linking agent and an acid promoter or, further, methyl alcohol as an essential component, performing drying and heat treatment, and imparting water resistance and hardness.
B treatment: a treatment of impregnating an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, drying while leaving moisture, and reacting gaseous formaldehyde at 100 ° C. or lower to impart water resistance.
C treatment: impregnated with one or two of polyvinyl alcohol and solubilized chitosan and an aqueous solution containing an acid promoter as an essential component, dried while leaving out moisture, and gaseous formaldehyde was reduced to 100 ° C or less. A process of reacting and imparting water resistance and hardness. The cleaning system for contaminated gas according to claim 2, further comprising a supply unit for supplying the cleaning agent liquid such that the layer containing the gas cleaning filler is impregnated with the cleaning agent liquid during operation. In the cleaning device, or separately from the cleaning device, a spraying means for a cleaning chemical is disposed on the upstream side of the layer containing the gas cleaning filler, and the spraying means disperses the cleaning chemical at an average particle size of 30 μm or less. 4. A spraying means capable of spraying as a mist, wherein a contaminated gas after spraying a cleaning agent liquid by said spraying means is passed through a layer containing said gas cleaning filler. Cleaning system for polluted gas. The cleaning chemical solution is a linear molecule having no charge, anionic, cationic or amphoteric, having no branch, and having a molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 ⁷ or more measured by an intrinsic viscosity method in mass% of polyacrylamide. 5. The system for cleaning contaminated gas according to claim 4, wherein the system is an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble amphiphilic organic compound having a boiling point of 1 to 10 ppm and / or 1 atm.

Images