JP2004308377A - Method and apparatus for removing sediment near intake of water pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove deposit etc. by continuously and efficiently discharging sediment around a water pipe for power generation, to secure a water flow passage by preventing the accumulation of the sediment around the water pipe for power generation, and to prevent the mixing of the sediment into the water pipe for power generation and the closing of the intake, in a hydraulic power production plant using a check dam. <P>SOLUTION: The water pipe for power generation positioned between the upstream and downstream sides of a body of dam and equipped with a siphon function, and a pipe with an opening having both the front and rear ends opened are constituted as a set; the front opening end of the pipe with the opening is positioned on the upstream side of the body of the dam; the rear opening end of the pipe with the opening is positioned on the downstream side of the body of the dam; the pipe with the opening is arranged in the state of being kept in a lower position near the intake of the water pipe for power generation; water flows in from the upstream opening end of the pipe with the opening by a negative pressure generated by the flow of the water through a pipeline of the pipe with the opening; and in this case, the deposit and the sediment below and around the water pipe for power generation are sucked in from the opening of the pipe. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for removing sediment near a water pipe intake in a hydroelectric power generation facility of a small-scale dam, particularly a multipurpose dam, a sabo dam and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
In recent years, as a measure against global warming, utilization of natural energy such as sunlight, wind, and wave power that is kind to nature and the environment has attracted attention, and its development and introduction have been promoted.
[0003]
One of them is a small hydroelectric power plant using small-scale dams such as multipurpose dams and sabo dams. Water is taken from a water intake at the top of a small dam embankment, and water is sent to a generator using a head to generate electricity. Unlike the construction of a large-scale dam, this small hydropower facility can be used for power generation with sabo facilities and weirs as they are, or with slight changes, so that large-scale environmental destruction and migration of residents do not occur. . In addition, power can be generated with a small amount of water and a head. Recently, a high-efficiency generator has been developed, and the economic efficiency has been improved. The generated power can be used for local public facilities and other facilities. Against this background, small-scale hydroelectric facilities using small-scale dams have begun to spread.
[0004]
However, the above-mentioned small-scale hydroelectric power plant has the following problems.
[0005]
The method of small-scale hydroelectric power generation is to take water from the upstream part of the dam body, drop it to the downstream side, and use the energy from the water fall to generate electricity with a generator. At this time, sediment and the like flowing from the upstream side accumulate around the intake port on the upstream side of the dam embankment, and the power generation pipe sucks the soil, causing the impeller of the water turbine generator and the power generation path. Abrasion occurs in the water pipes, especially in the curved pipe section. Alternatively, sediment or the like accumulates around the intake port, and the intake port is blocked, or a water passage through which flowing water flows to the intake port is blocked, so that intake becomes impossible. As a result, the power generation capacity of the equipment is reduced, damaged, and the like, and the labor and cost for repairing the equipment are increased. This tendency was particularly strong for sabo dams built to prevent sediment flow.
[0006]
The invention of this application has been made in view of such circumstances, and in a hydroelectric power generation facility using a sabo dam, sand and sand around a power generation pipe intake are continuously and efficiently discharged to generate power. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technical means for preventing sediment from accumulating around a water intake of a water pipe and preventing soil from being mixed into a water pipe for power generation.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of this application solves the above-mentioned problems. First, in a hydroelectric power generation facility using a dam or a weir, a power generation device having a siphon function between an upstream side and a downstream side of a dam embankment. The water pipe and both front and rear ends are open, and a pipe with an opening on the lower surface side of a certain length is configured as a set, and one end with the opening of the pipe is upstream of the dam bank body where the water level is higher And the other end of the pipe is located downstream of the dam embankment, and one end of the pipe with an opening is maintained at a lower position near the intake of the power generation water pipe. The sediment and sediment below and around the intake of the power generation water pipe are suctioned from the open end and / or the opening of the pipe due to the negative pressure generated as water flows through the pipe with the opening and the opening. As a result, the lower part and surrounding area of the intake The sediment, sediment or accumulated matter is removed, and a water passage leading to the water intake of the power generation water pipe is secured. A method for removing earth and sand on a back surface of a weir (claim 1) is provided.
[0008]
In addition, the area around the pipe with the opening on the upstream side and / or around the power generation pipe will be protected, and large gravels that cannot be removed with the pipe with the opening will be located on the upstream side of dams and near the power generation pipe intake. In order to prevent sedimentation (claim 2), to secure a water channel to the power generation water intake of the hydroelectric power plant, and to set the highest level of pipes with openings with both open ends on both sides of dams and weirs When the water level at the back of the dam rises during a flood and exceeds the highest level of a pipe with an opening by setting it at a predetermined height higher than the water level and lower than the flood level, When the water level at the back of the dam falls with the end of the flood and falls below the highest level of the pipe with this opening, the siphon cuts off and stops automatically (Claim 3) Power generation of power generation equipment Also provides soil removal method of water passage securing and dams and weirs back into the water pipe intake.
[0009]
Further, the invention of this application is, secondly, in a hydroelectric power plant utilizing a dam or a weir, a power generation water pipe having a siphon function between an upstream side and a downstream side of a dam embankment and open front and rear ends. A pipe with an opening at a certain length is configured as a set, and one end of the pipe with the opening is located on the upstream side where the water level of the dam embankment is higher. A pipe with the opening positioned such that the end is located downstream of the dam embankment, and the one end with the opening of the pipe is maintained at a lower position near the intake of the power generation water pipe; Due to the negative pressure generated by the flow of water through the inside, sediment and sediment at and below the power generation water pipe are sucked from the open end and / or opening of the pipe, whereby the lower and surrounding power generation water pipe are removed. Removal of sediments, sediments or aggregates Providing precipitate near power generation through water pipe intake hydroelectric facilities removal and dams and sediment removal device weir rear (claim 4) to.
[0010]
Further, according to the invention of this application, a pipe having an opening is arranged such that the opening guides water stored on the back surface of the dam to a position below the intake of the power generation pipe (claim 5). The opening of the pipe is constituted by a continuous opening or a plurality of openings (claim 6), and the large opening that cannot be removed by the pipe with the opening is not deposited on the upstream side of the dam or the like. A protective enclosure may be provided around the pipe and / or power generation water pipe (Claim 7), and the highest level of the pipe with an opening having both open ends arranged on both sides of the dam or weir is the normal water level. By setting it to a predetermined height that is higher and lower than the flood water level, when the water level at the back of the dam rises during a flood and exceeds the highest level of the pipe with an opening, the sediment using this pipe is removed The siphon action starts and floods When the water level at the back of the dam falls below the highest level of the pipe with this opening, the siphon cuts off and automatically stops, removing sediment etc. around the power generation pipe intake of the hydropower facility. In addition, a device for removing earth and sand from the back of a dam or a weir (claim 8) is provided.
[0011]
The above-described hydroelectric power generation equipment using dams and weirs in the present invention is preferably applied to a hydroelectric power generation equipment having a power generation capacity of about 100 kW or less, but is also applicable to a power generation capacity of 100 kW or more. Of course you can.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application has the features as described above, and embodiments thereof will be described below.
[0013]
As described above, in the invention of this application, the opening of the pipe having the opening on the lower surface is maintained at a position below the intake of the power generation pipe on the upstream side of the dam embankment. It is generally considered that a pipe with an opening should be laid along the surface of the embankment in consideration of sediment accumulation. Select a place to lay it according to the situation, such as laying it where it is easy to guide.
[0014]
Further, it is sufficient that the front open end, which is the upstream open end of the pipe with the opening, is underwater at a position above the sediment deposition surface.
[0015]
The shape of the pipe with an opening used at this time may be any shape other than a circle and a square, and the shape of the opening may be a continuous opening, and a circle, a square and an ellipse may be intermittently continuous. It may be something.
[0016]
There is no particular limitation on the position where the opening is formed, but it is preferable that the opening is opened downward so that the opening faces the sediment to be discharged, and the opening ratio in the cross section of the pipe is not particularly limited. The aperture ratio can be constant or variable in the slit or perforation formed in the axial direction.
[0017]
In addition, a protective enclosure around the upstream opening pipe and the water pipe will be installed and devised to protect it, but this will prevent wood and stones from entering the opening of the opening pipe or water pipe. As a specific example of the protective enclosure, one that allows water to pass through, such as a grid-like solid one, is preferable, but is not limited thereto.
[0018]
The installation height of the pipe with an opening and the inverted U-shaped pipe portion of the water pipe can be installed above or below the overflow height of a dam or a dam.
[0019]
Further, the downstream open end may be located below the upstream water surface, but the position is not particularly specified.
[0020]
As the pipe material, metals such as steel pipes, lining steel pipes, cast iron pipes, and various polymer materials such as vinyl chloride and high-density polyethylene can be used.
[0021]
Hereinafter, the invention of this application will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
[0022]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[0023]
A downstream weir (9), a downstream bottom (10) and a dam embankment (6) are constructed on the ground (5).
Water (7) is stored at a water level (8) on the upstream side of the dam embankment (6), and a water level (12) is set on a downstream weir (9) and a downstream base (10) between the dam embankments (6). And the water (11) is stored. Usually, the upstream water level (8) is higher than the downstream water level (12).
The power generation water pipe (2) is installed beyond the dam embankment (6) at the inverted U-shaped portion, and the water intake (2a) of the power generation water pipe (2) is located upstream of the dam embankment (6). The water outlet (2b) is disposed open to a lower position on the downstream side. A vacuum pump (14) shown in FIG. 2 is provided to fill the power generation water pipe (2) with water and perform water dropping by the siphon. It is possible to generate electricity by taking water (7) from the water intake (2a) of the power generation water pipe (2) immersed in water using the siphon action and sending it to the downstream hydroelectric generator (13). Has become.
[0024]
A pipe (1) having an opening with open front and rear ends is also installed so as to pass over or penetrate the dam embankment (6) at the inverted U-shaped portion. The pipe with an opening (1) has a front opening end (1a) and a rear opening end (1b) that are open at both front and rear ends, and is formed in an axial direction on the surface of a straight pipe portion following the front opening end (1a). An opening (1c) is formed in the opening. The opening (1c) is a plurality of perforated elliptical holes or circular openings as shown in FIG. 2 which is a plan view, but may be a continuous opening.
[0025]
Here, the pipe (1) having an opening with both front and rear ends opened is disposed below the water intake (2a) of the power generation pipe (2). Desirably, a straight pipe portion (3) having an opening (1c) formed in the surface in the axial direction is installed from below the water intake (2a) of the power generation pipe (2) to the vicinity of the surface.
[0026]
The pipe (1) with an opening also fills the pipe (1) with an opening with water and performs siphoning, similarly to the power generation pipe (2). Therefore, a vacuum pump (14) can be used together. In this case, a separate vacuum pump can be provided. In addition, at the start of the siphon for dropping water by the siphon, the siphon is also started by injecting water into the pipe with the opening (1) by a pump having a valve attached to the pipe with the opening (1). You can also.
[0027]
Even when sediment is formed below and around the intake port (2a), the deposited sediment is sucked through the opening (1c) of the pipe (1) having the opening, and the sand is discharged downstream of the dam. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the accumulated sediment, sediment, sediment, and the like from being sucked in from the water intake (2a) of the power generation water pipe (2).
[0028]
Also, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a protective enclosure (4) such as a grid or a net is provided around the opening of the pipe (1) having the opening. The surrounding area of 2) is also surrounded by the protective enclosure (4), so that the intake (2a) of the power generation water pipe (2) should not be closed by huge rocks, wood chips, etc. at the same time, and at the same time, the flow downstream should be avoided. Can be promoted.
[0029]
The opening (1c) of the pipe (1) having the opening is disposed in a straight pipe portion (3) located below the water intake (2a) of the power generation pipe (2) as shown in FIG. The straight pipe portion (3) is laid at a predetermined position along the surface of the dam embankment (6) from a position below the water intake as shown in FIG.
[0030]
The position where the opening (1c) is formed is preferably the bottom surface of the straight pipe portion (3) in contact with earth and sand, sediment, or sediment, but is not limited thereto.
[0031]
Further, the shape of the opening may be a continuous opening or a plurality of holes formed by intermittently piercing a circular, square, or elliptical shape. In the case of the illustrated embodiment, an elliptical shape is intermittently continuous.
[0032]
FIG. 3 is a view of the embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the upstream side of the dam. In FIG. 3, a straight pipe portion (3) is located below the water intake (2a) of the power generation pipe (2). Are shown, and the form of the perforation of the opening (1c) is intermittently continuous. Further, the straight pipe portion (3) can be arranged to be inclined with respect to the horizontal, or can be arranged in a staggered manner with inclination. Thereby, it becomes easy to take in a thing with a large particle size that is hard to reach below the pipe into the pipe, and it is possible to increase the particle size of the sediment to be sucked.
[0033]
FIG. 4 is a view of the embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the downstream side of the dam. In FIG. 4, a pipe (1) having an opening and a power generation water pipe (2) are arranged to cross each other, and a hydraulic power generator (13) and a drain port installed in a subsequent power generation water pipe (2). The rear opening end (1b) of (2b) and the pipe (1) provided with the opening can be arranged at a distance.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
In view of the above, the invention of this application is intended for a hydroelectric power generation facility using a small-scale dam, particularly a sabo dam, to continuously and efficiently discharge sand and sediment around the power generation water pipe, and to prevent the sediment around the power generation water pipe. The sediment does not accumulate, preventing sediment from entering the power generation water pipes, making it difficult for the impeller of the turbine generator or the power generation water pipes to wear down inside the equipment, resulting in reduced power generation capacity and damage. This can reduce the labor and cost of repairs that have occurred in the past, as well as blockage of the intake due to accumulation of sediment around the intake and blockage of the water channel through which flowing water flows to the intake. Can be prevented, thereby making it impossible to withdraw water.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hydroelectric power plant showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of FIG. 1;
3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention partially viewed in a vertical direction from an upstream side of a dam or in a vertical direction from a downstream side, and FIG. 3 (a) is a view seen from an arrow AA in FIG. FIG. 2B is a view as seen from the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 2.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pipe with opening 1a Front opening end 1b Rear opening end 1c Opening 2 Power generation water pipe 2a Intake 2b Drain 3 Straight piping section 4 Protective enclosure 5 Ground 6 Dam embankment body 7 Water 8 Water level 9 Downstream Weir 10 Downstream bottom 11 Water 12 Water level 13 Hydroelectric generator 14 Vacuum pump

Claims (8)

In a hydroelectric power plant using dams and weirs, between the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam embankment, open a water passage for power generation with a siphon function and both front and rear ends, and open the lower side of a certain length A pipe with a section is configured as a set, one end with the opening of the pipe is located on the upstream side where the water level of the dam embankment is higher, and the other end of the pipe is on the downstream side of the dam embankment And one end of the pipe with the opening is maintained and positioned at a lower position near the intake of the power generation water pipe, and the negative pressure generated as water flows through the pipe with the opening is provided. The pressure causes the sediment and sediment below and around the intake of the power generation pipe to be sucked from the open end and / or opening of the pipe, thereby causing sediment and sediment below and around the intake of the power generation pipe. To remove waste or accumulations, and to the water intake of the power generation pipe Water channel secured and dams and sediment removal method weir back to the power generating water passage pipe intake of hydropower, characterized in that to secure a water passage for guiding the water. 2. The method according to claim 1, which protects a pipe having an opening on an upstream side and / or a periphery of a water pipe for power generation, and removes large gravels, which cannot be removed by a pipe with an opening on a lower surface, on an upstream side of a dam or the like. A method for securing a water passage to a power generation water intake pipe intake of a hydroelectric power plant and removing sediment from a dam or a weir back surface, wherein the sediment is not deposited near a water intake pipe intake. By setting the highest level of pipes with openings with both open ends on both sides of the dam or weir to a predetermined height higher than the normal water level and lower than the flood water level, the water level at the back of the dam during floods When the pipe rises and exceeds the highest level of the pipe with the opening, a siphon action that uses this pipe to remove sediment is activated, and at the end of the flood, the water level at the back of the dam falls and the pipe with this opening opens. A siphon cuts off automatically when the water falls below the highest level, and a method for securing a water channel to the power generation water intake of the hydroelectric power plant and removing sediment from the back of dams and weirs. In a hydroelectric power plant using dams and weirs, the power generation water pipes with siphon function between the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body are opened, and both front and rear ends are opened. A pair of pipes is marked with a pair, and one end of the pipe with the opening is located upstream of the higher water level of the dam embankment, and the other end of the pipe is located downstream of the dam embankment. And one end of the pipe with the opening is maintained and arranged at a lower position near the intake of the power generation water pipe, and the negative pressure generated as water flows through the pipe with the opening. This causes the sediment and sediment at and below the power generation conduit to be sucked through the open end and / or opening of the pipe, thereby sediment, sediment and / or sediment at and below the power generation conduit. For power generation of hydroelectric facilities characterized by removal Precipitate around water pipes intake eliminator and dams and weirs back of sediment removal device. The hydropower plant has a pipe with an opening on the lower surface, which is arranged to guide water stored at the back of the dam from one end with the opening to a position below the intake of the power generation pipe. Equipment for removing sediment etc. around the water intake for power generation pipes of facilities and removing sediment behind dams and dams In Claim 5, the opening disposed on the lower surface side of the pipe is formed of a continuous opening or a plurality of openings. Sediment removal device on the back of the weir. 7. A pipe with an opening on the upstream side according to any one of claims 4 to 6, in order to prevent giant gravel that cannot be removed by the pipe with an opening from being deposited on the upstream side of a dam or near the intake of a power generation water pipe. And / or a device for removing sediment and the like around a power generation pipe intake of a hydroelectric power generation facility and a sediment removal device at a back surface of a dam or a weir, wherein a protective enclosure is provided around the power generation water pipe. By setting the highest level of pipes with openings with both open ends on both sides of the dam or weir to a predetermined height higher than the normal water level and lower than the flood water level, the water level at the back of the dam during floods When the pipe rises and exceeds the highest level of the pipe with the opening, a siphon action that uses this pipe to remove sediment is activated, and at the end of the flood, the water level at the back of the dam falls and the pipe with this opening opens. A siphon cuts off automatically when it falls below the highest level, and automatically removes sediments around the water intake for power generation pipes of hydroelectric power generation equipment and sediment removal equipment on the back of dams and weirs.

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