JP2004307574A - Cationic polymer gel, and polymer gel capable of sustained release of drug, using it - Google Patents

Cationic polymer gel, and polymer gel capable of sustained release of drug, using it Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004307574A
JP2004307574A JP2003100238A JP2003100238A JP2004307574A JP 2004307574 A JP2004307574 A JP 2004307574A JP 2003100238 A JP2003100238 A JP 2003100238A JP 2003100238 A JP2003100238 A JP 2003100238A JP 2004307574 A JP2004307574 A JP 2004307574A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
drug
polymer gel
monomer
cationic
anionic
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JP2003100238A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4937491B2 (en
Inventor
Takao Sato
隆郎 佐藤
Rei Uchida
玲 内田
Kenji Uno
憲治 宇野
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Seed Co Ltd
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Seed Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003100238A priority Critical patent/JP4937491B2/en
Priority to EP04723325A priority patent/EP1617277B1/en
Priority to DE602004021248T priority patent/DE602004021248D1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2004/004156 priority patent/WO2004090613A1/en
Priority to US10/549,590 priority patent/US7811601B2/en
Priority to AT04723325T priority patent/ATE432484T1/en
Publication of JP2004307574A publication Critical patent/JP2004307574A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cationic polymer gel which is capable of releasing a drug, exhibits good releasing effect even when it contains a drug having an anionic group, does not change in shape after releasing a drug, and can control the usage of a drug according to the medicinal effect of the drug used, and a polymer gel capable of sustained release of a drug, using the cationic polymer gel. <P>SOLUTION: The cationic polymer gel comprises a copolymer of a hydrophilic monomer, a cationic monomer, an anionic monomer, and a monomer copolymerizable with these monomers, wherein the content of the anionic monomer is 30-90 mol% based on the cationic monomer. The polymer gel capable of sustained release of a drug is made by using the cationic polymer gel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カチオン性高分子ゲルに関するものである。更に詳しくは、薬物徐放性材料として利用できるカチオン性高分子ゲルに関するものである。また、該カチオン性高分子ゲルを用いた薬物徐放性高分子ゲルを提供するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
高分子ゲルは、医療分野において広く研究が行われており、古くから利用されている分野の一つとして眼用レンズや創傷被覆材などがある。これらは、ポリヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートやポリビニルアルコール等からなり、含水系という特性から、種々の機能化が図られている。その一つとして、薬物の生体内動態を考慮した薬物送達システム(DDS)の開発が挙げられる。高分子ゲルを用いたDDSは、薬物の拡散制御によるもの、イオン交換反応によるもの、外部刺激に応答するものなどが広く検討されている。
【0003】
眼科分野におけるDDSの利用としては、アニオン性基を有する薬物を眼用レンズ内部に導入されたカチオン性基により強く保持し、放出効果を効率よく発現させることを目的としたものがある(例えば、特許文献1、2参照)。詳しくは、側鎖に四級アンモニウム塩などのカチオン性基を有する高分子ゲルの内部に、アニオン性基を有する薬物を包括させるものである。このイオン結合により包括した薬物は生理環境下でイオン交換反応によって、徐々に放出されている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−145456号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平6−306250号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特許文献1、2に記載のカチオン性基を単独で導入した高分子ゲルの場合、薬物を包括した状態のカチオン性基は、薬物のアニオン性基によって電荷が打ち消された状態で安定するので、カチオン性基同士の電気的な反発が生じず、この高分子ゲルは収縮する。しかし、一旦生理環境下へ高分子ゲルがさらされると包括した薬物は、イオン交換反応により放出され、高分子ゲル中のカチオン性の側鎖が強く電荷を帯びるので、電気的な反発が発生し、膨潤する。この薬物放出前後での高分子ゲルの形状変化量が大きいために、眼用レンズとして用いた場合、安定した視力矯正能が得られない等の問題や、創傷被覆材として用いた場合も安定した性能が発揮し難い等の問題が生じる。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、形状安定性を有する実用的なカチオン性高分子ゲルを提供することである。さらに、アニオン性基を有する薬物を包括した場合でも良好な放出効果を発揮し、薬物放出前後における形状変化がない高分子ゲルを提供することである。また、使用する薬物の薬効に合わせてその使用量を制御することが可能な薬物放出能を有するカチオン性高分子ゲルを提供するものである。また、該カチオン性高分子ゲルを用いた薬物徐放性高分子ゲルを提供するものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、親水性モノマー、カチオン性モノマー及びアニオン性モノマー、これら成分と共重合可能なモノマーとの共重合体からなり、カチオン性モノマーに対してアニオン性モノマーが30〜90mol%の割合で含有することを特徴とするカチオン性高分子ゲルである。
【0008】
さらに、上記カチオン性高分子ゲルの内部に、アニオン性基を有する薬物を含有することを特徴とする薬物徐放性高分子ゲルであり、該アニオン性基を有する薬物が、分子内に少なくとも1つ以上のカルボキシル基、スルホ基、リン酸基を有する有機化合物である薬物徐放性高分子ゲルである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0010】
本発明は、電解性基や極性基を有する各種モノマーについて鋭意検討を重ねた結果、アニオン性薬物を包括するためのカチオン性モノマーに対して、形状安定性を奏するために適量のアニオン性モノマーを共重合させた高分子ゲルの場合、カチオン性モノマーとアニオン性モノマーとの含有量の差で計算される割合で、アニオン性薬物を高分子ゲル中に包括でき、かつ薬物放出前後における形状変化もないことを見出したものである。
【0011】
本発明における共重合体を構成する親水性モノマーとしては、少なくとも1種以上の親水基を分子内に有するものである。例えば、ヒドロキシメチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2,3−ジヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート及び2−ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、2−ポリプロピレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、N,N−ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−ビニルピロリドンなどが挙げられ、これらを2種以上併用することもできる(本明細書の「(メタ)アクリレート」は、アクリレートとメタクリレートの両方を意味する)。
【0012】
本発明において、カチオン性基を側鎖に有するモノマーは、共重合体中でイオン相互作用によりアニオン性薬物を強く保持するものである。例えば、ビニルベンジルジメチルエチルアンモニウム塩、ビニルベンジルジメチルn−ブチルアンモニウム塩、ビニルベンジルトリエチルアンモニウム塩等のビニルベンジルトリアルキルアンモニウム塩(特にアンモニウムクロライド)、2−メタクリロキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、2−メタクリロキシエチルジメチルエチルアンモニウム塩、2−メタクリロキシエチルジメチルn−ペンチルアンモニウム塩等のエチルメタクリレート(特にアンモニウムクロライド)などが挙げられ、これらを2種以上併用することもできる。本発明の特徴を効果的に発揮するために、カチオン性基とアニオン性基の数を緻密に制御する必要があり、このためイオン性モノマー配合量はモル百分率で計算することが望ましい。本発明においてカチオン性モノマーの使用量は、親水性モノマーの量より少ない量であることが望ましく、具体的には親水性モノマー1モルに対して2〜50mol%の範囲であることが好ましい。特に好ましくは、5〜20mol%の範囲である。2mol%未満では、薬物の高分子ゲル内への包括量が少なくなる傾向がある。50mol%を超えると、高分子ゲルが高含水率となるので形状安定性や機械的強度の維持が困難となる。
【0013】
また、本発明において、アニオン性基を側鎖に有するモノマーは、そのアニオン性基が共重合体中でカチオン性基に強くイオン相互作用を及ぼすので、薬物放出前後での高分子ゲルの形状安定性に効果を奏する。例えば、アニオン性基とカチオン性基の割合が1:1であれば共重合体中でのイオン相互作用が強く働くので、形状安定性の優れた高分子ゲルとなる。また、カチオン性基が過剰な場合は、余剰分のカチオン性基が薬物配位子として作用し、分子内にアニオン性基を有する薬物の包括に寄与する。薬物を包括した高分子ゲルは生理環境下では、その環境下に存在する塩化物イオン等とのイオン交換反応によって包括薬物を放出する。薬物放出後の共重合体中のカチオン性基はカチオン電荷を帯びることになるが、共重合体中のアニオン性基のイオン相互作用の影響を受けるので、相互の分子間距離を一定に保てるのである。この機構により、本発明の高分子ゲルは、共重合体中のカチオン性基が薬物放出後にカチオン性に帯電した状態になっても、分子間のイオン反発が生じないために、形状変化が生じず、形状安定性に優れるのである。
【0014】
この機構を発現させるために必要なアニオン性基を側鎖に有するモノマーとしては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルコハク酸、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルホスフェート、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシメチルホスフェート、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシプロピルホスフェートなどが挙げられ、これらを2種以上併用することもできる。アニオン性モノマーはカチオン性モノマーに対して30〜90mol%の範囲で用いる。好ましくは40〜80mol%の範囲内である。90mol%を超えると、高分子ゲル中で薬物配位子として作用するカチオン性基の電荷が打ち消され、アニオン性基を持つ薬物とイオン相互作用が生じないので、薬物を包括出来ない。また、30mol%未満では、カチオン性基の作用が大きく、アニオン性基との相互作用による影響が小さくなるので、高分子ゲルの薬物放出前後における形状変化が大きくなり安定性に欠ける。
【0015】
以上のように本発明はカチオン性モノマー及びアニオン性モノマーの配合割合に特徴を有するものである。すなわち、包括される薬物量は、添加したカチオン性モノマー量により調節が可能である。薬物の水に対する溶解度、薬効発現の最少有効濃度、最大安全濃度などにより、カチオン性モノマーの量はそれぞれの薬物によって適宜設定され、薬物量に応じたモノマー組成を設計することが可能である。
【0016】
さらに、本発明の特徴である、効果的な徐放効果と優れた形状安定性のためには、カチオン性モノマーに対してアニオン性モノマーを配合比が90〜30mol%の範囲で添加することが必要である。カチオン性モノマーに対してアニオン性モノマーを100mol%添加した場合は、薬物が全く包括されない。これは、カチオン性モノマーとアニオン性モノマーの量が等しいために電荷が打ち消され薬物とイオン的に相互作用できないことに起因する。また、アニオン性モノマーの添加量が30mol%未満の場合、薬物放出前後の形状変化が著しく大きくなり実用性に欠ける。これは、アニオン性モノマーの添加量が少ないため、薬物の放出後のカチオン性基とアニオン性基との相互作用の影響が受けられないので、カチオン電荷同士の反発を制御することができず、結果として放出前後の形状変化が大きくなる。
【0017】
本発明のカチオン性高分子ゲルを薬物徐放性シートとして用いる場合、形状変化がほとんどないために薬物放出後におけるシートの剥離は生じない。しかし、アニオン性モノマーを一定量含まない場合は、薬物放出後にサイズが変化するので剥離が生じる。すなわち、カチオン性モノマーとアニオン性モノマーとを適宜混合することで、実用的な高分子ゲルシートが提供できる。
【0018】
本発明は、上記成分に加えて、架橋性モノマーを使用することができる。架橋性モノマーは、使用しなくても良いが、使用することで高分子ゲルの網目構造の形成及び機械強度の調節を図ることができる。架橋性モノマーとしては、例えばエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、メチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、2−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ジ(メタ)アクリロキシプロパン、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられる。架橋性モノマーの使用量は、総モノマー使用量に対して0.1〜4.0wt%が好ましい。特に好ましくは、0.1〜1.0wt%である。これは、架橋性モノマー量が少ないときは高分子ゲルの形状調節効果が見られるが、逆に架橋性モノマー量が多いときは網目構造が過剰となり、高分子ゲルが脆くなる。
【0019】
本発明は、さらに任意の共重合可能なモノマーを使用することができる。例えば、疎水性モノマーを用いれば、得られる高分子ゲルの含水率や膨潤率の調節作用、高分子ゲル内への薬物包括量の微調整などが期待できる。使用する疎水性モノマーとしては、本発明で用いる親水性モノマー、アニオン性モノマー及びカチオン性モノマーと相溶性があればいかなるものでも可能であるが、例えばメチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレートなどが好ましい。
【0020】
本発明の薬物徐放性高分子ゲルに使用できる薬物は分子構造内にスルホ基、カルボキシル基、リン酸基などのアニオン性基を少なくとも1種以上含有する有機化合物である。眼科分野において使用可能な薬物は、例えばグアイアズレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、グリチルリチン酸ジカリウム、プレドニゾロンリン酸ナトリウム、スルベニシリンナトリウム、リン酸デキサメタゾンナトリウム、リン酸ベタメタゾンナトリウム、パントテン酸ナトリウム、フラビンアデニンヌクレオチドナトリウム、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム、エカベトナトリウム等が挙げられる。
【0021】
本発明のカチオン性高分子ゲルは種々の用途に使用できる。例えば、薬物送達システム(DDS)としてはコンタクトレンズ等の眼用レンズ、殺菌シート、抗菌シート、創傷被覆材、湿布材などが挙げられ、使用する薬物も用途に応じて適宜選択することができる。また、イオン交換カラム充填物やキレート化剤などにも利用できる。
【0022】
本発明のカチオン性高分子ゲルの製造に際しては、まず上記モノマーの混合物に重合開始剤を添加し、撹拌・溶解させる。重合開始剤としては、一般的なラジカル重合開始剤であるラウロイルパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイドなどの過酸化物やアゾビスバレロニトリル、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)などが使用できる。上記重合開始剤の添加量としては、モノマー総量に対して10〜3500ppm程度が好ましい。
【0023】
上記モノマー混合液を金属、ガラス、プラスチックなど所望の形状の成形型に入れ、密閉し、恒温槽などにより段階的もしくは連続的に25〜120℃の範囲で昇温し、5〜120時間で重合を完結させる。重合に際しては、紫外線や電子線、ガンマ線などを利用することも可能である。また、上記モノマー混合液に水や有機溶媒を添加し、溶液重合を適用することもできる。
【0024】
上記の重合終了後、室温に冷却し、得られた重合物を成形型から取り出し、必要に応じて切削、研磨加工する。得られた重合体は水和膨潤させて含水ゲルとする。この水和膨潤に使用される液体(膨潤液)としては、例えば水、生理食塩水、等張性緩衝液などが挙げられる。前記膨潤液を60〜100℃に加温し、一定時間浸漬させ、速やかに水和膨潤状態にする。また、前記膨潤処理により、重合体中に含まれる未反応モノマーを除去することも可能となる。
【0025】
次に、本発明の高分子ゲルに薬物を包括させる方法を説明する。カチオン性基を有する薬物を溶解させた薬物溶液を調製し、その薬物溶液中に前記含水ゲルを浸漬することにより、含水ゲル中に薬物を包括させた薬物徐放性高分子ゲルを得る。
【0026】
薬物を溶解させる溶媒としては、水、親水性溶媒、水と親水性溶媒との混合溶媒などがあり、親水性溶媒としては、例えばエタノール、メタノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノールなどのアルコール類、ジメチルスルホキシドなどが挙げられる。
【0027】
前記薬物溶液中に含有される薬物濃度は、薬物の溶解度、薬効が発現するための最小有効濃度、最大安全濃度などにより、それぞれの薬物によって適宜選定されるものであるが、1.0×10−6〜1.0×10−2mol/Lの濃度が一般的に好ましい。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0029】
(評価方法)
<形状安定性>
薬物放出前後の眼用レンズを生理食塩水中で、コンタクトレンズ投影機を用いて評価した。良好な形状の場合は◎、歪みや変形が認められた場合は×とした。
【0030】
<薬物包括率>
モノマー配合量と高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC、日本分光(株)社製)で測定した薬物の積算溶出量を薬物包括量として、次式で算出した。
【0031】
薬物包括率(%)=(薬物包括量(mol))/(カチオン性モノマー配合量(mol)−アニオン性モノマー配合量(mol))×100
【0032】
(実施例1)
2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)1molに対して、メタクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド(MAPTAC)を表1に示す割合で添加し、このMAPTACに対して、2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルホスフェート(MOEP)を各々50mol%で混合し、さらにエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(EDMA)3000ppm(外部)、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)3000ppm(外部)を添加して十分に窒素置換をしながら約1時間撹拌した。撹拌後、モノマー混合液を眼用レンズ用の成形型に入れ、50〜100℃の範囲で25時間かけて昇温させ、重合体を得た。得られた重合体を室温に戻し、容器から取り出し、約80℃の蒸留水中に約4時間浸漬することで水和膨潤させた。この高分子ゲルをあらかじめ調製しておいたモデル薬物であるグアイアズレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(水溶性アズレン)の0.5wt%水溶液10mL中に25℃、48時間浸漬させることで水溶性アズレンを包括させた。さらに、水溶性アズレンを包括した眼用レンズを蒸留水20mL中に25℃、24時間浸漬し、MAPTACとイオン相互作用していない遊離の水溶性アズレンを除去した。前記の水溶性アズレンを包括した眼用レンズを25℃、10mLの生理食塩水中に浸漬させ、その浸漬液を経時的に24時間サンプリングし、HPLCを用いてそれらに含有される水溶性アズレンを定量した。この定量を、浸漬液中に完全に薬物放出が確認できなくなるまで繰り返し、その薬物の積算溶出量から眼用レンズ中の薬物包括率を算出した。それぞれの結果を表1に示す。
【0033】
(実施例2)
HEMA 1molに対してMAPTACを10mol%及びこのMAPTACに対して表2に示す割合でMOEPを混合し、さらにEDMA 3000ppm(外部)、AIBN 3000ppm(外部)を添加し、十分に窒素置換をしながら約1時間撹拌した。なお、実施例2−(1)、(5)、(6)は比較例とした。撹拌後、実施例1と同様に重合、水和膨潤させた。この眼用レンズに、実施例1と同様の方法で水溶性アズレンを包括させた。遊離の水溶性アズレンを除去した後、実施例1と同様に眼用レンズ中に包括した水溶性アズレンの生理食塩水中への積算溶出量から薬物包括率を算出した。結果を表2に示す。これにより、カチオン性モノマーのMAPTACに対するアニオン性モノマーのMOEPの量が30〜90mol%の範囲内で、各々の眼用レンズは高い薬物包括率を維持しつつ優れた形状安定性を有することが確認できる。また、適量のアニオン性モノマー量である実施例2−(3)とアニオン性モノマーを含まない実施例2−(6)の薬物の放出挙動を図1に示す。図1の薬物放出曲線によりアニオン性モノマー配合の効果を確認できる。
【0034】
(実施例3)
実施例2−(3)、実施例2−(6)と同様の割合で混合したモノマーを透明プラスチックシート上に塗布し、紫外線を照射して硬化させた。得られたフィルムを実施例1と同様に水和膨潤、薬物包括をさせた。さらに、実施例1と同様に包括した薬物を放出させた。薬物放出前後におけるフィルムの透明プラスチックシートへの密着性が良好なものを◎、剥離したものを×とした評価結果を表3に示す。これによって、アニオン性モノマー配合による形状安定性の効果を確認できる。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 2004307574
【0036】
【表2】
Figure 2004307574
【0037】
【表3】
Figure 2004307574
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明のカチオン性高分子ゲルは、イオン性高分子ゲルでありながら、環境変化に対して良好な形状安定性を有し、実用性に優れたものである。また、高分子ゲル中のカチオン性基とアニオン性基の割合に相応した一定の率の薬物を包括させることができるので、薬物徐放性ゲルとしても有用なものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】薬物放出挙動におけるアニオン性モノマーの効果を示す図。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cationic polymer gel. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cationic polymer gel that can be used as a sustained-release drug material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a sustained-release drug gel using the cationic polymer gel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polymer gels have been widely studied in the medical field, and ophthalmic lenses and wound dressings are one of the fields that have been used for a long time. These are made of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, or the like, and various functions have been achieved due to the property of containing water. One example is the development of a drug delivery system (DDS) that takes into account the pharmacokinetics of a drug. As a DDS using a polymer gel, one based on diffusion control of a drug, one based on an ion exchange reaction, one based on an external stimulus, and the like have been widely studied.
[0003]
As an application of DDS in the field of ophthalmology, there is a use of DDS in which a drug having an anionic group is strongly retained by a cationic group introduced into an ophthalmic lens and a release effect is efficiently exhibited (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Specifically, a drug having an anionic group is included in a polymer gel having a cationic group such as a quaternary ammonium salt in a side chain. The drug entrapped by this ionic bond is gradually released by an ion exchange reaction under a physiological environment.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-145456 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-6-306250
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of the polymer gel in which the cationic group described in Patent Literatures 1 and 2 is introduced alone, the cationic group in the state of including the drug is stable in a state where the charge is canceled by the anionic group of the drug. Therefore, no electrical repulsion occurs between the cationic groups, and the polymer gel shrinks. However, once the polymer gel is exposed to the physiological environment, the encapsulated drug is released by an ion exchange reaction, and the cationic side chains in the polymer gel are strongly charged, causing electrical repulsion. Swell. Due to the large change in the shape of the polymer gel before and after the release of the drug, when used as an ophthalmic lens, problems such as the inability to obtain a stable vision correction ability, and when used as a wound dressing material, were stable. Problems such as difficulty in exhibiting performance occur.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a practical cationic polymer gel having shape stability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a polymer gel which exhibits a good release effect even when a drug having an anionic group is included, and has no shape change before and after the release of the drug. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cationic polymer gel having a drug releasing ability capable of controlling the amount of use according to the efficacy of the drug used. Another object of the present invention is to provide a sustained-release drug gel using the cationic polymer gel.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention comprises a copolymer of a hydrophilic monomer, a cationic monomer and an anionic monomer, and a monomer copolymerizable with these components, wherein the anionic monomer is contained in a proportion of 30 to 90 mol% with respect to the cationic monomer. It is a cationic polymer gel characterized by the following.
[0008]
Furthermore, a drug sustained-release polymer gel characterized by containing a drug having an anionic group inside the cationic polymer gel, wherein the drug having an anionic group has at least one drug in a molecule. The drug sustained-release polymer gel is an organic compound having two or more carboxyl groups, sulfo groups, and phosphate groups.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically.
[0010]
As a result of intensive studies on various monomers having an electrolytic group or a polar group, the present invention provides a suitable amount of anionic monomer for exhibiting shape stability with respect to a cationic monomer for including anionic drugs. In the case of the copolymerized polymer gel, the anionic drug can be included in the polymer gel at a ratio calculated by the difference between the content of the cationic monomer and the content of the anionic monomer, and the shape change before and after drug release is also observed. I found nothing.
[0011]
The hydrophilic monomer constituting the copolymer in the present invention has at least one or more hydrophilic groups in the molecule. For example, hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate and 2-polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, 2- Examples thereof include polypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and the like, and two or more of these can be used in combination (this specification). "(Meth) acrylate" means both acrylate and methacrylate).
[0012]
In the present invention, the monomer having a cationic group in the side chain strongly retains the anionic drug by ionic interaction in the copolymer. For example, vinylbenzyltrialkylammonium salts (particularly ammonium chloride) such as vinylbenzyldimethylethylammonium salt, vinylbenzyldimethyl n-butylammonium salt, vinylbenzyltriethylammonium salt, 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium salt, 2-methacryloxy Ethyl methacrylate (especially ammonium chloride) such as ethyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium salt and 2-methacryloxyethyl dimethyl n-pentyl ammonium salt, and the like, and two or more of these can be used in combination. In order to effectively exhibit the features of the present invention, it is necessary to precisely control the numbers of the cationic group and the anionic group. Therefore, it is desirable to calculate the amount of the ionic monomer in terms of mole percentage. In the present invention, the amount of the cationic monomer used is preferably smaller than the amount of the hydrophilic monomer, and specifically, is preferably in the range of 2 to 50 mol% based on 1 mol of the hydrophilic monomer. Particularly preferably, it is in the range of 5 to 20 mol%. If it is less than 2 mol%, the amount of the drug included in the polymer gel tends to be small. If it exceeds 50 mol%, the polymer gel will have a high water content, and it will be difficult to maintain shape stability and mechanical strength.
[0013]
In the present invention, since the monomer having an anionic group in the side chain has a strong ionic interaction with the cationic group in the copolymer, the shape stability of the polymer gel before and after drug release is improved. It has an effect on sex. For example, if the ratio of the anionic group to the cationic group is 1: 1, ionic interaction in the copolymer acts strongly, so that a polymer gel having excellent shape stability is obtained. When the amount of the cationic group is excessive, the excess amount of the cationic group acts as a drug ligand, and contributes to the inclusion of the drug having an anionic group in the molecule. In a physiological environment, a polymer gel containing a drug releases the packaged drug by an ion exchange reaction with a chloride ion or the like existing in the environment. The cationic group in the copolymer after drug release will have a cationic charge, but it will be affected by the ionic interaction of the anionic group in the copolymer, so the distance between the molecules can be kept constant. is there. By this mechanism, even when the cationic group in the copolymer becomes cationically charged after the release of the drug, the polymer gel of the present invention does not undergo ion repulsion between molecules, so that a shape change occurs. It is excellent in shape stability.
[0014]
Examples of a monomer having an anionic group in a side chain necessary for expressing this mechanism include (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, and (meth) acryloyl Oxymethyl phosphate, (meth) acryloyloxypropyl phosphate and the like can be mentioned, and two or more of these can be used in combination. The anionic monomer is used in the range of 30 to 90 mol% based on the cationic monomer. Preferably it is in the range of 40 to 80 mol%. If it exceeds 90 mol%, the charge of the cationic group acting as a drug ligand in the polymer gel is canceled out, and no ionic interaction occurs with the drug having an anionic group, so that the drug cannot be included. If the amount is less than 30 mol%, the effect of the cationic group is large and the influence of the interaction with the anionic group is small, so that the shape change of the polymer gel before and after the release of the drug becomes large and the stability is lacking.
[0015]
As described above, the present invention is characterized by the mixing ratio of the cationic monomer and the anionic monomer. That is, the amount of the drug included can be adjusted by the amount of the cationic monomer added. The amount of the cationic monomer is appropriately set for each drug depending on the solubility of the drug in water, the minimum effective concentration for developing the drug effect, the maximum safe concentration, and the like, and the monomer composition can be designed according to the drug amount.
[0016]
Further, in order to provide an effective sustained release effect and excellent shape stability, which are features of the present invention, it is preferable to add an anionic monomer to a cationic monomer in a mixing ratio of 90 to 30 mol%. is necessary. When 100 mol% of an anionic monomer is added to the cationic monomer, the drug is not included at all. This is due to the fact that the amounts of the cationic monomer and the anionic monomer are equal so that the charge is canceled out and cannot interact ionically with the drug. When the amount of the anionic monomer is less than 30 mol%, the shape change before and after the release of the drug is significantly increased, and the practicality is lacking. This is because the amount of the anionic monomer added is small, and the influence of the interaction between the cationic group and the anionic group after the release of the drug is not affected, so that the repulsion between the cationic charges cannot be controlled, As a result, the shape change before and after release is large.
[0017]
When the cationic polymer gel of the present invention is used as a sustained-release drug sheet, the sheet does not peel off after the release of the drug because there is almost no change in shape. However, when a certain amount of anionic monomer is not contained, exfoliation occurs because the size changes after the drug is released. That is, a practical polymer gel sheet can be provided by appropriately mixing a cationic monomer and an anionic monomer.
[0018]
In the present invention, a crosslinkable monomer can be used in addition to the above components. The crosslinkable monomer does not need to be used, but by using it, the formation of the network structure of the polymer gel and the adjustment of the mechanical strength can be achieved. Examples of the crosslinkable monomer include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, 2-hydroxy-1,3-di (meth) acryloxypropane, and trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate. The amount of the crosslinkable monomer to be used is preferably 0.1 to 4.0% by weight based on the total amount of the monomer used. Especially preferably, it is 0.1 to 1.0 wt%. When the amount of the crosslinkable monomer is small, the effect of controlling the shape of the polymer gel can be seen, but when the amount of the crosslinkable monomer is large, the network structure becomes excessive and the polymer gel becomes brittle.
[0019]
The present invention can further use any copolymerizable monomer. For example, when a hydrophobic monomer is used, it is expected that the obtained polymer gel has a function of controlling the water content and swelling ratio, and that the amount of the drug included in the polymer gel is finely adjusted. As the hydrophobic monomer to be used, any one can be used as long as it is compatible with the hydrophilic monomer, anionic monomer and cationic monomer used in the present invention. Examples thereof include methyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, Preferred are 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate and the like.
[0020]
The drug that can be used in the drug sustained-release polymer gel of the present invention is an organic compound containing at least one or more anionic groups such as a sulfo group, a carboxyl group, and a phosphate group in the molecular structure. Drugs usable in the ophthalmic field include, for example, sodium guaiazulene sulfonate, sodium cromoglycate, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, prednisolone sodium phosphate, sulbenicillin sodium, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, betamethasone sodium phosphate, sodium pantothenate, flavin adenine nucleotide Sodium, diclofenac sodium, sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, ecabet sodium and the like.
[0021]
The cationic polymer gel of the present invention can be used for various applications. For example, examples of the drug delivery system (DDS) include an ophthalmic lens such as a contact lens, a bactericidal sheet, an antibacterial sheet, a wound covering material, and a poultice material. The drug to be used can be appropriately selected depending on the application. Further, it can also be used for ion-exchange column packings and chelating agents.
[0022]
In producing the cationic polymer gel of the present invention, a polymerization initiator is first added to a mixture of the above monomers, followed by stirring and dissolving. As the polymerization initiator, peroxides such as general radical polymerization initiators such as lauroyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and benzoyl peroxide, azobisvaleronitrile, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) are used. it can. The amount of the polymerization initiator to be added is preferably about 10 to 3500 ppm based on the total amount of the monomers.
[0023]
The above monomer mixture is put into a mold of a desired shape such as metal, glass, plastic, etc., sealed, and the temperature is raised stepwise or continuously in the range of 25 to 120 ° C. in a thermostatic chamber or the like, and polymerization is carried out for 5 to 120 hours. To complete. At the time of polymerization, it is also possible to use ultraviolet rays, electron beams, gamma rays and the like. Alternatively, water or an organic solvent may be added to the above-mentioned monomer mixture, and solution polymerization may be applied.
[0024]
After completion of the above polymerization, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the obtained polymer is taken out of the mold, and cut and polished as necessary. The obtained polymer is hydrated and swollen to form a hydrogel. Examples of the liquid (swelling liquid) used for the hydration swelling include water, physiological saline, isotonic buffer and the like. The swelling solution is heated to 60 to 100 ° C., immersed for a certain period of time, and quickly brought into a hydrated and swollen state. Further, by the swelling treatment, it becomes possible to remove unreacted monomers contained in the polymer.
[0025]
Next, a method of including a drug in the polymer gel of the present invention will be described. A drug solution in which a drug having a cationic group is dissolved is prepared, and the hydrogel is immersed in the drug solution to obtain a drug sustained-release polymer gel in which the drug is included in the hydrogel.
[0026]
Examples of the solvent for dissolving the drug include water, a hydrophilic solvent, and a mixed solvent of water and a hydrophilic solvent. Examples of the hydrophilic solvent include alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. And the like.
[0027]
The concentration of the drug contained in the drug solution is appropriately selected for each drug depending on the solubility of the drug, the minimum effective concentration for developing the drug effect, the maximum safe concentration, and the like. concentration of -6 ~1.0 × 10 -2 mol / L is generally preferred.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0029]
(Evaluation method)
<Shape stability>
Ophthalmic lenses before and after drug release were evaluated in saline using a contact lens projector. In the case of a good shape, it was evaluated as ◎, and in the case where distortion or deformation was observed, it was evaluated as ×.
[0030]
<Drug inclusion rate>
The compounding amount and the integrated elution amount of the drug measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, manufactured by JASCO Corporation) were calculated by the following formula as the drug inclusion amount.
[0031]
Drug coverage (%) = (Drug coverage (mol)) / (Cationic monomer blending amount (mol) -Anionic monomer blending amount (mol)) × 100
[0032]
(Example 1)
To 1 mol of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC) was added at a ratio shown in Table 1, and to this MAPTAC, 50 mol of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate (MOEP) was added. %, And 3,000 ppm (external) of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 3000 ppm (external) of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were added. The mixture was stirred for about 1 hour while sufficiently replacing with nitrogen. After the stirring, the monomer mixture was put into a mold for an ophthalmic lens, and the temperature was raised in the range of 50 to 100 ° C. over 25 hours to obtain a polymer. The obtained polymer was returned to room temperature, taken out of the container, and immersed in distilled water at about 80 ° C. for about 4 hours to cause hydration and swelling. The polymer gel was immersed in 10 mL of a 0.5 wt% aqueous solution of sodium guaiazulene sulfonate (water-soluble azulene), which was a model drug prepared in advance, at 25 ° C. for 48 hours to enclose the water-soluble azulene. Further, the ophthalmic lens containing the water-soluble azulene was immersed in 20 mL of distilled water at 25 ° C. for 24 hours to remove free water-soluble azulene which did not have ionic interaction with MAPTAC. The ophthalmic lens containing the water-soluble azulene is immersed in 10 mL of physiological saline at 25 ° C., and the immersion liquid is sampled over time for 24 hours, and the water-soluble azulene contained therein is quantified using HPLC. did. This quantification was repeated until the release of the drug could not be completely confirmed in the immersion liquid, and the drug inclusion ratio in the ophthalmic lens was calculated from the integrated elution amount of the drug. Table 1 shows the results.
[0033]
(Example 2)
MAPTAC was added to 10 mol% with respect to 1 mol of HEMA and MOEP was mixed with the MAPTAC in a ratio shown in Table 2, and 3000 ppm (external) of EDMA and 3000 ppm (external) of AIBN were added. Stir for 1 hour. Examples 2- (1), (5) and (6) are comparative examples. After stirring, polymerization and hydration swelling were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. This ophthalmic lens was made to contain water-soluble azulene in the same manner as in Example 1. After removing the free water-soluble azulene, the drug entrapment ratio was calculated from the cumulative elution amount of the water-soluble azulene entrapped in the ophthalmic lens into the physiological saline as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results. This confirms that each ophthalmic lens has excellent shape stability while maintaining a high drug coverage, when the amount of MOEP of the anionic monomer to MAPTAC of the cationic monomer is in the range of 30 to 90 mol%. it can. FIG. 1 shows the drug release behaviors of Example 2- (3) in which an appropriate amount of anionic monomer was used and Example 2- (6) in which no anionic monomer was contained. The effect of the anionic monomer compounding can be confirmed from the drug release curve in FIG.
[0034]
(Example 3)
The monomers mixed in the same proportions as in Examples 2- (3) and 2- (6) were applied onto a transparent plastic sheet, and cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays. The obtained film was subjected to hydration swelling and drug inclusion in the same manner as in Example 1. In addition, the included drug was released in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the results of evaluation, in which the film having good adhesion to the transparent plastic sheet before and after the release of the drug was evaluated as ◎, and the film peeled was evaluated as ×. As a result, the effect of shape stability due to the blending of the anionic monomer can be confirmed.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004307574
[0036]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004307574
[0037]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004307574
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
The cationic polymer gel of the present invention is an ionic polymer gel, has good shape stability against environmental changes, and is excellent in practicality. In addition, since a certain ratio of drug corresponding to the ratio of the cationic group to the anionic group in the polymer gel can be included, the gel is also useful as a drug sustained-release gel.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the effect of an anionic monomer on drug release behavior.

Claims (3)

親水性モノマー、カチオン性モノマー及びアニオン性モノマー、これら成分と共重合可能なモノマーとの共重合体からなり、カチオン性モノマーに対してアニオン性モノマーが30〜90mol%の割合で含有することを特徴とするカチオン性高分子ゲル。It is composed of a copolymer of a hydrophilic monomer, a cationic monomer and an anionic monomer, and a copolymerizable monomer with these components, wherein the anionic monomer is contained in a proportion of 30 to 90 mol% with respect to the cationic monomer. A cationic polymer gel. 請求項1記載のカチオン性高分子ゲルの内部に、アニオン性基を有する薬物を含有することを特徴とする薬物徐放性高分子ゲル。A sustained-release drug gel comprising a cationic polymer gel according to claim 1, which contains a drug having an anionic group. アニオン性基を有する薬物が、分子内に少なくとも1つ以上のカルボキシル基、スルホ基、リン酸基を有する有機化合物である請求項2記載の薬物徐放性高分子ゲル。3. The drug sustained-release polymer gel according to claim 2, wherein the drug having an anionic group is an organic compound having at least one or more carboxyl, sulfo, and phosphate groups in the molecule.
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EP04723325A EP1617277B1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-03-25 Ophthalmic lenses capable of sustained drug release and preservative solutions therefor
DE602004021248T DE602004021248D1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-03-25 CONTACT LENSES WITH THE ABILITY OF CONTINUOUS MEDICATION RELEASE AND PROTECTION SOLUTIONS THEREFOR
PCT/JP2004/004156 WO2004090613A1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-03-25 Ophthalmic lenses capable of sustained drug release and preservative solutions therefor
US10/549,590 US7811601B2 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-03-25 Ophthalmic lenses capable of sustained drug release and preservative solutions therefor
AT04723325T ATE432484T1 (en) 2003-04-03 2004-03-25 CONTACT LENSES WITH SUSTAINED DRUG RELEASE CAPABILITY AND PROTECTIVE SOLUTIONS THEREOF

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JP2010508902A (en) * 2006-11-06 2010-03-25 ノバルティス アーゲー Ophthalmic device and method of manufacture and use thereof
WO2010095478A1 (en) 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 株式会社シード Sustainedly drug-releasing hydrogel contact lens, and drug releasing method using sustainedly drug-releasing hydrogel contact lens
JP2013527252A (en) * 2009-12-23 2013-06-27 モメンティブ パフォーマンス マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド Network copolymer cross-linked composition and method for producing the same
WO2015159942A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 株式会社シード Medical device including anionic drug
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US20210299039A1 (en) * 2020-03-25 2021-09-30 Eyegate Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating ocular disease by contact lens mediated drug delivery

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