JP2004300134A - Optically active pyrrolidine derivative - Google Patents
Optically active pyrrolidine derivative Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004300134A JP2004300134A JP2003404495A JP2003404495A JP2004300134A JP 2004300134 A JP2004300134 A JP 2004300134A JP 2003404495 A JP2003404495 A JP 2003404495A JP 2003404495 A JP2003404495 A JP 2003404495A JP 2004300134 A JP2004300134 A JP 2004300134A
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- FKCMADOPPWWGNZ-YUMQZZPRSA-N [(2r)-1-[(2s)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]boronic acid Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1B(O)O FKCMADOPPWWGNZ-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- UTQRWQYEEUMJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-pyrrolidin-2-ylethyl)pyridine Chemical compound C1CCNC1CCC1=CC=CC=N1 UTQRWQYEEUMJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HAPUOOBIEAPWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)pyridine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1CC1CCCN1 HAPUOOBIEAPWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GFYJSFUVPAUKJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)pyridine Chemical compound C=1C=CN=CC=1CC1CCCN1 GFYJSFUVPAUKJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000006957 Michael reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical group C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical compound NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HAPUOOBIEAPWAZ-JTQLQIEISA-N 2-[[(2s)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]pyridine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C[C@@H]1CCCN1 HAPUOOBIEAPWAZ-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010485 C−C bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GFYJSFUVPAUKJA-JTQLQIEISA-N 3-[[(2s)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]pyridine Chemical compound C=1C=CN=CC=1C[C@@H]1CCCN1 GFYJSFUVPAUKJA-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004296 chiral HPLC Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011982 enantioselective catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- JKQUXSHVQGBODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-4-(2-nitroethenyl)benzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C[N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 JKQUXSHVQGBODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UTQRWQYEEUMJOA-NSHDSACASA-N 2-[2-[(2s)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]ethyl]pyridine Chemical group C([C@H]1NCCC1)CC1=CC=CC=N1 UTQRWQYEEUMJOA-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 ketone compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-VOTSOKGWSA-N β-nitrostyrene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWGBNENHEGYJSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O GWGBNENHEGYJSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethenylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 CC=CC=CN=* Chemical compound CC=CC=CN=* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930182821 L-proline Natural products 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- JDOZOOBCADNBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2h-pyridin-2-ide Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=N[C-]=C1 JDOZOOBCADNBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002429 proline Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=N1 IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019502 Orange oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HVVNJUAVDAZWCB-YFKPBYRVSA-N [(2s)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]methanol Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1CCCN1 HVVNJUAVDAZWCB-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012746 preparative thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical group COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N (S)-nornicotine Chemical compound C1CCN[C@@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006479 2-pyridyl methyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(=N1)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CN=C1 NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DITWNKDCTOAVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1)C11NCCC1 Chemical compound CC(C1)C11NCCC1 DITWNKDCTOAVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nornicotine Natural products C1CCNC1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002081 enamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012970 tertiary amine catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、マイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの炭素−炭素結合形成反応に光学活性触媒として有用であり、医薬品などの原料として用いられる光学活性化合物を合成するために好適なピロリジン誘導体に関する。 The present invention relates to a pyrrolidine derivative which is useful as an optically active catalyst for a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction such as a Michael reaction and an aldol condensation, and is suitable for synthesizing an optically active compound used as a raw material of a drug or the like.
種々の合成反応において重要であるマイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの炭素−炭素結合形成反応に用いられる触媒としては、従来、金属含有触媒が用いられてきた。しかし、水や酸素に対する安定性、合成される化合物の精製工程の簡便化、金属汚染による環境問題などを考慮して、最近では、有機化合物でなる触媒が開発されている。このような有機化合物触媒の代表例としては、Ｌ−プロリンおよびその誘導体が挙げられる。Ｌ−プロリンは、古くから分子内アルドール反応を促進する不斉触媒として知られ、上記反応により光学活性化合物を製造するのに用いられている。 Conventionally, metal-containing catalysts have been used as catalysts used for carbon-carbon bond forming reactions such as Michael reaction and aldol condensation which are important in various synthesis reactions. However, in consideration of stability against water and oxygen, simplification of a purification process of a compound to be synthesized, environmental problems due to metal contamination, and the like, a catalyst made of an organic compound has recently been developed. Representative examples of such organic compound catalysts include L-proline and its derivatives. L-proline has long been known as an asymmetric catalyst for promoting an intramolecular aldol reaction, and has been used to produce an optically active compound by the above reaction.
例えば、非特許文献１〜３には、Ｌ−プロリンを触媒として用いたマイケル反応により、光学活性ケトン化合物を合成することが記載されている。このような反応の具体例としては、上記非特許文献２および３に各々次の反応が記載されている。 For example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe that an optically active ketone compound is synthesized by a Michael reaction using L-proline as a catalyst. As specific examples of such a reaction, the following reactions are described in Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3, respectively.
このほか、ピロリジン環を含む光学活性ジアミン化合物も上記タイプの反応の触媒として知られており、非特許文献４〜７には、以下に示す化合物が記載されている。 In addition, an optically active diamine compound containing a pyrrolidine ring is also known as a catalyst for the above-mentioned type of reaction, and Non-Patent Documents 4 to 7 describe the following compounds.
さらに、非特許文献８には、ピロリジン環を含む光学活性アミン化合物として、ノルニコチン（ピロリジン環とピリジン環とを有する化合物）が開示されており、該化合物がアルドール縮合触媒として、使用可能であることが記載されている。非特許文献９には、ピロリジン環を含む環状スルファミドを用いてアリール化されたピロリジンを製造する方法が記載されている。 Further, Non-Patent Document 8 discloses nornicotine (a compound having a pyrrolidine ring and a pyridine ring) as an optically active amine compound containing a pyrrolidine ring, and the compound can be used as an aldol condensation catalyst. Is described. Non-Patent Document 9 describes a method for producing an arylated pyrrolidine using a cyclic sulfamide containing a pyrrolidine ring.
上記以外にもマイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの付加反応により炭素−炭素結合形成反応に触媒として用いることが可能であり、効果的に該反応を触媒し、かつ高い光学収率で所望の化合物を合成することの可能な化合物が求められている。
本発明の目的は、マイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの炭素−炭素結合形成反応に触媒として利用され得る化合物であって、金属を含有せず、上記反応を効果的に触媒し、かつ高い光学収率で所望の化合物を合成することの可能な新規化合物を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is a compound that can be used as a catalyst in a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction such as a Michael reaction and an aldol condensation, which does not contain a metal, effectively catalyzes the above reaction, and has a high optical yield. And to provide a novel compound that can synthesize a desired compound.
本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、次式（Ｉ）で示される： The optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention is represented by the following formula (I):
ここで、ｎは、０〜２の整数であり、＊は、光学活性部位を示す。 Here, n is an integer of 0 to 2, and * indicates an optically active site.
好適な実施態様においては、上記光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、次式（ＩＩ）で示される光学活性２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンである： In a preferred embodiment, the optically active pyrrolidine derivative is an optically active 2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine represented by the following formula (II):
ここで、＊は光学活性部位を示す。 Here, * indicates an optically active site.
好適な実施態様においては、上記光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、次式（ＩＩＩ）で示される光学活性２−（３−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンである： In a preferred embodiment, the optically active pyrrolidine derivative is an optically active 2- (3-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine represented by the following formula (III):
ここで、＊は光学活性部位を示す。 Here, * indicates an optically active site.
好適な実施態様においては、上記光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、次式（ＩＶ）で示される光学活性２−（２−ピリジルエチル）−ピロリジンである： In a preferred embodiment, the optically active pyrrolidine derivative is an optically active 2- (2-pyridylethyl) -pyrrolidine represented by the following formula (IV):
ここで、＊は光学活性部位を示す。 Here, * indicates an optically active site.
本発明によれば、マイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの付加反応による炭素−炭素結合形成反応に不斉触媒として利用され得る新規化合物が得られる。この化合物は、上記反応を効果的に触媒し、高い光学収率で所望の化合物を合成することが可能である。この化合物は、金属を含有していないため、環境に悪影響を与えることもない。 According to the present invention, a novel compound which can be used as an asymmetric catalyst in a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction by an addition reaction such as a Michael reaction or an aldol condensation is obtained. This compound can effectively catalyze the above reaction and synthesize a desired compound with a high optical yield. Since this compound does not contain a metal, it does not adversely affect the environment.
本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、次式（Ｉ）で示される： The optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention is represented by the following formula (I):
ここで、ｎは、０〜２の整数であり、＊は、光学活性部位を示す。 Here, n is an integer of 0 to 2, and * indicates an optically active site.
上記光学活性ピロリジン誘導体の好適な例としては、光学活性２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン、光学活性２−（３−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン、光学活性２−（２−ピリジルエチル）−ピロリジンなどが挙げられる。その具体例としては、次式（ＩＩＳ）の（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン、式（ＩＩＩＳ）の（Ｓ）−２−（３−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン、および式（ＩＶＳ）の（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルエチル）−ピロリジンがある。 Preferred examples of the optically active pyrrolidine derivative include optically active 2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine, optically active 2- (3-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine, and optically active 2- (2-pyridylethyl) -pyrrolidine. And the like. Specific examples thereof include the following formula (II S) (S) -2- (2- pyridylmethyl) - pyrrolidine, the formula of (III S) (S) -2- (3- pyridylmethyl) - pyrrolidine, and There is (S) -2- (2-pyridylethyl) -pyrrolidine of the formula (IV S ).
本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、以下に説明するように、光学活性プロリノールから誘導される環状スルファミドに、ピリジンのリチオ化により得られるリチオピリジンまたはアルキルピリジンのリチオ化により得られるリチオアルキルピリジンを作用させることにより得られる。以下の調製例においては、Ｓ型の光学活性体を出発物質に用いて、Ｓ型のピロリジン誘導体を調製している。このＳ型をＲ型とすれば、同様にＲ型に光学活性体が得られる。Ｓ型およびＲ型の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体のいずれもが、不斉反応触媒として有用である。 As described below, the optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention acts on a cyclic sulfamide derived from optically active prolinol with a lithiopyridine obtained by lithiation of pyridine or a lithioalkylpyridine obtained by lithiation of alkylpyridine. It is obtained by doing. In the following preparation examples, an S-type pyrrolidine derivative is prepared using an S-type optically active substance as a starting material. If this S type is R type, an optically active substance is similarly obtained in R type. Both S-type and R-type optically active pyrrolidine derivatives are useful as asymmetric reaction catalysts.
本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体の調製にあたっては、例えばまず、（Ｓ）−プロリノール（Ｖ）に三級アミン触媒の存在化で塩化スルホニルを作用させることにより、環状スルファミド（ＶＩ）が得られる（非特許文献１０）。 In preparing the optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention, for example, first, (S) -prolinol (V) is reacted with sulfonyl chloride in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst to obtain a cyclic sulfamide (VI) ( Non-patent document 10).
この環状スルファミド（ＶＩ）に、上記リチオピリジンあるいはリチオアルキルピリジンを作用させ、次いで酸性条件下で加水分解することにより、本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体が得られる。 The optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention can be obtained by reacting the above-mentioned lithiopyridine or lithioalkylpyridine on this cyclic sulfamide (VI) and then hydrolyzing it under acidic conditions.
例えば、下記のように、環状スルファミド（ＶＩ）に、（Ｓ）−２−リチオピリジンあるいは（Ｓ）−３−リチオピリジンを作用させることにより、（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン（ＩＩＳ）あるいは（Ｓ）−２−（３−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン（ＩＩＩＳ）が得られる。 For example, by reacting (S) -2-lithiopyridine or (S) -3-lithiopyridine on cyclic sulfamide (VI) as described below, (S) -2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine ( II S) or (S) -2- (3- pyridylmethyl) - pyrrolidine (III S) is obtained.
上記リチオピリジンの代わりにリチオアルキルピリジンを用いることにより、ピロリジン環とピリジン環とがさらに長い炭素鎖を介して結合している化合物が得られる。例えば、メチルピリジンにリチオ化剤を作用させてこれをリチオ化し、これに環状スルファミド（ＶＩ）を作用させることにより、２−（２−ピリジルエチル）−ピロリジン（ＩＶＳ）が得られる。 By using a lithioalkylpyridine instead of the lithiopyridine, a compound in which a pyrrolidine ring and a pyridine ring are bonded via a longer carbon chain can be obtained. For example, 2- (2-pyridylethyl) -pyrrolidine (IV S ) can be obtained by reacting methylpyridine with a lithiating agent to lithiate it and then reacting it with cyclic sulfamide (VI).
本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、マイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの付加反応による炭素−炭素結合形成反応に不斉触媒として利用され得る。その例として、シクロヘキサノンとニトロスチレンとのマイケル反応を次に示す。 The optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention can be used as an asymmetric catalyst in a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction by an addition reaction such as a Michael reaction or an aldol condensation. As an example, a Michael reaction between cyclohexanone and nitrostyrene is shown below.
本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体を上記触媒として用いると光学純度の高い生成物が得られる。光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、反応に供する化合物（例えば、上記式においてはシクロヘキサノンまたはニトロスチレン）１モルに対して、０．０５モル〜０．２モルの割合で使用される。例えば、（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン（ＩＩＳ）を触媒とし、ニトロスチレン１モルに対して０．０５モル〜０．２モルの割合で使用すると、約５４〜８６％ｅｅの光学収率で目的とするｓｙｎ型の光学活性化合物である（２Ｓ，１'Ｒ）−（２−ニトロ−１フェニルエチル）シクロヘキサノン（ＶＩＩ）が得られる。 When the optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention is used as the above catalyst, a product having high optical purity can be obtained. The optically active pyrrolidine derivative is used in a ratio of 0.05 mol to 0.2 mol based on 1 mol of the compound to be subjected to the reaction (for example, cyclohexanone or nitrostyrene in the above formula). For example, (S) -2- (2- pyridylmethyl) - pyrrolidine (II S) as a catalyst, when used in a proportion of 0.05 to 0.2 mol relative nitrostyrene 1 mol, about 54 to 86 (2S, 1′R)-(2-Nitro-1phenylethyl) cyclohexanone (VII), which is the target syn-type optically active compound, is obtained with an optical yield of% ee.
この触媒反応の機構は次のとおりであると考えられる。 The mechanism of this catalytic reaction is considered to be as follows.
まず、（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン（ＩＩＳ）とシクロヘキサノンとにより、エナミン中間体（ＶＩＩＩ）が形成される。このとき、シクロヘキサノンのカルボニル基のα位に存在するプロトンがピリジン環に引き抜かれると考えられる。続いて、β−ニトロスチレンのフェニル基が、形成されたシクロヘキセン環を避けるようにして接近し（上記（ＩＸ）参照）、(２Ｓ，１'Ｒ)型の化合物（ＶＩＩ）が選択的に生成し、（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジン（ＩＩＳ）が遊離すると考えられる。この化合物（ＩＩＳ）は、シクロヘキサノンとの反応に再度利用されると考えられる。 First, an enamine intermediate (VIII) is formed by (S) -2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine (II S ) and cyclohexanone. At this time, it is considered that the proton existing at the α-position of the carbonyl group of cyclohexanone is extracted to the pyridine ring. Subsequently, the phenyl group of β-nitrostyrene approaches so as to avoid the formed cyclohexene ring (see (IX) above), and the compound (VII) of the (2S, 1′R) type is selectively formed. and, (S) -2- (2- pyridylmethyl) - considered pyrrolidine (II S) is released. This compound (II S ) is considered to be reused in the reaction with cyclohexanone.
このように、本発明により新規光学活性ピロリジン誘導体が提供される。この化合物は、上述のように、マイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの付加反応による炭素−炭素結合形成反応に不斉触媒として利用され得る。従って、この光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、医薬品の原料などとして用いられる各種光学活性化合物を合成するのに有用である。 Thus, the present invention provides a novel optically active pyrrolidine derivative. As described above, this compound can be used as an asymmetric catalyst in a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction by an addition reaction such as a Michael reaction or an aldol condensation. Therefore, this optically active pyrrolidine derivative is useful for synthesizing various optically active compounds used as raw materials for pharmaceuticals and the like.
以下に本発明を実施例につき説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
（実施例１）
（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンの合成
(Example 1)
Synthesis of (S) -2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine
ｎ−ブチルリチウムの１．５９Ｍヘキサン溶液７ｍｌ（ｎ−ブチルリチウム：１１ｍｍｏｌ）を、−７８℃にて乾燥ＴＨＦ（１２ｍｌ）中の２−ブロモピリジン１．０５ｍｌ（１１ｍｍｏｌ）に加え、混合液をこの温度で１０分間攪拌した。次いで、−７８℃にてＴＨＦ（１０ｍｌ）中の環状スルファメート（上記式（ＶＩ）で示される化合物）１．３７ｇ（８．４ｍｍｏｌ）を滴下し、混合液を室温に戻し、一夜攪拌した。溶媒をエバポレートし、ベージュ色の泡状物を得た。これを２Ｎ塩酸１６ｍｌとエタノール１６ｍｌとの混合液中で一夜攪拌した。反応混合物を５０％水酸化ナトリウム溶液で塩基性とし、ジクロロメタンを加えて抽出を行なった。抽出物を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、エバポレートし、残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー（クロロホルム／イソプロピルアミン＝４９／１）にかけ、（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンを橙色油状物として得た（収率５３％）。この化合物の物理恒数を以下に示す。 7 ml of a 1.59 M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (n-butyllithium: 11 mmol) was added to 1.05 ml (11 mmol) of 2-bromopyridine in dry THF (12 ml) at −78 ° C., and the mixture was added to this solution. Stirred at temperature for 10 minutes. Then, at -78 ° C, 1.37 g (8.4 mmol) of cyclic sulfamate (the compound represented by the above formula (VI)) in THF (10 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was returned to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solvent was evaporated to give a beige foam. This was stirred overnight in a mixture of 16 ml of 2N hydrochloric acid and 16 ml of ethanol. The reaction mixture was made basic with a 50% sodium hydroxide solution, and extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated, and the residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (chloroform / isopropylamine = 49/1) to obtain (S) -2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine as an orange oil. (Yield 53%). The physical constants of this compound are shown below.
Rf 0.27 (CHCl3 / iPrNH2 = 19 / 1); [α]D 24 +15.5 (c 0.90, MeOH); FTIR (neat) ν 3284, 1592, 1568, 1474, 1436, 753 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.45 (1H, m), 1.77 (2H, m), 1.91 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, br), 2.86-2.92 (2H, m), 2.98 (1H,dd, J = 13.7, 5.6 Hz), 3.05 (1H,ddd, J = 10.2, 7.7, 5.5 Hz), 3.51 (1H, quintet, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.12 (1H,ddd, J = 7.6, 4.9, 1.2 Hz), 7.19 (1H,d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H,ddd, J = 7.8, 7.6, 1.7 Hz), 8.53 (1H,ddd, J = 4.8, 1.7, 1.0 Hz); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 25.0, 31.2, 44.1, 46.2, 58.9, 121.2, 123.5, 136.3, 149.2, 160.1 R f 0.27 (CHCl 3 / iPrNH 2 = 19/1); [α] D 24 +15.5 (c 0.90, MeOH); FTIR (neat) ν 3284, 1592, 1568, 1474, 1436, 753 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 1.45 (1H, m), 1.77 (2H, m), 1.91 (1H, m), 2.76 (1H, br), 2.86-2.92 (2H, m), 2.98 (1H , dd, J = 13.7, 5.6 Hz), 3.05 (1H, ddd, J = 10.2, 7.7, 5.5 Hz), 3.51 (1H, quintet, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.12 (1H, ddd, J = 7.6, 4.9 , 1.2 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.6, 1.7 Hz), 8.53 (1H, ddd, J = 4.8, 1.7, 1.0 Hz); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 25.0, 31.2, 44.1, 46.2, 58.9, 121.2, 123.5, 136.3, 149.2, 160.1
（実施例２）
（Ｓ）−２−（３−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンの合成
２−ブロモピリジンの代わりに３−ブロモピリジンを用いたこと以外は実施例１と同様である。以下に示す（Ｓ）−２−（３−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンを橙色油状物として得た（収率６２％）。
(Example 2)
Synthesis of (S) -2- (3-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine Same as Example 1 except that 3-bromopyridine was used instead of 2-bromopyridine. (S) -2- (3-Pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine shown below was obtained as an orange oil (yield 62%).
この化合物の物理恒数を以下に示す。
Rf 0.29 (CHCl3 / iPrNH2 = 19 / 1); [α]D 25 +6.7 (c 0.60, CHCl3); FTIR (neat) ν 3293, 1575, 1478, 1422, 1107, 1027, 715 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.39 (1H, m), 1.67-1.90 (4H, m), 2.74 (1H,d, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.85 (1H,ddd, J = 10.2, 8.3, 6.6 Hz), 3.04 (1H,ddd, J = 10.2, 7.6, 5.1 Hz), 3.24 (1H, quintet, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.22 (1H,ddd, J = 7.8, 4.9, 0.7 Hz), 7.55 (1H,ddd, J = 7.8, 2.1, 1.7 Hz), 8.46 (1H,dd, J = 4.9, 1.7 Hz), 8.48 (1H,d, J = 2.1 Hz); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 24.9, 31.3, 39.7, 46.3, 60.1, 123.3, 135.5, 136.4, 147.6, 150.3
The physical constants of this compound are shown below.
R f 0.29 (CHCl 3 / iPrNH 2 = 19/1); [α] D 25 +6.7 (c 0.60, CHCl 3); FTIR (neat) ν 3293, 1575, 1478, 1422, 1107, 1027, 715 cm - 1 ; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 1.39 (1H, m), 1.67-1.90 (4H, m), 2.74 (1H, d, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.85 (1H, ddd, J = 10.2 , 8.3, 6.6 Hz), 3.04 (1H, ddd, J = 10.2, 7.6, 5.1 Hz), 3.24 (1H, quintet, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.22 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 4.9, 0.7 Hz) , 7.55 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 2.1, 1.7 Hz), 8.46 (1H, dd, J = 4.9, 1.7 Hz), 8.48 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 24.9, 31.3, 39.7, 46.3, 60.1, 123.3, 135.5, 136.4, 147.6, 150.3
（実施例３）
（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルエチル）−ピロリジンの合成
(Example 3)
Synthesis of (S) -2- (2-pyridylethyl) -pyrrolidine
ジイソプロピルアミン０．３７ｍｌ（２．６ｍｍｏｌ）および１．４８Ｍのｎ−ブチルリチウムヘキサン溶液１７．６ｍｌ（ｎ−ブチルリチウム：２．６ｍｍｏｌ）から調製したリチウムジイソプロピルアミド（ＬＤＡ）（２．６ｍｍｏｌ）溶液とＴＨＦ８ｍｌとの混合液を−７８℃で２−メチルピリジン０．２４ｍｌ（２．４ｍｍｏｌ）に滴下し、混合物を０℃にまで昇温させた。１時間攪拌後、混合物を再び−７８℃に冷却し、ＴＨＦ（１０ｍｌ）中の環状スルファメート（ＶＩ）１．３７ｇ（８．４ｍｍｏｌ）を滴下し、混合液を室温に戻し、一夜攪拌した。溶媒をエバポレートし、ベージュ色の泡状物を得た。これを２Ｎ塩酸１６ｍｌとエタノール１６ｍｌとの混合液中で一夜加熱還流させた。反応混合物を５０％水酸化ナトリウム溶液で塩基性とし、ジクロロメタンで抽出を行なった。抽出物を硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥後、エバポレートし、次いで、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー（クロロホルム／イソプロピルアミン＝４９／１）にかけ、（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルエチル）−ピロリジンを黄色油状物として得た（収率８７％）。この化合物の物理恒数を以下に示す。 Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) (2.6 mmol) solution prepared from 0.37 ml (2.6 mmol) of diisopropylamine and 17.6 ml (n-butyllithium: 2.6 mmol) of a 1.48 M n-butyllithium hexane solution. A mixture with 8 ml of THF was added dropwise at -78 ° C to 0.24 ml (2.4 mmol) of 2-methylpyridine, and the mixture was heated to 0 ° C. After stirring for 1 hour, the mixture was cooled again to −78 ° C., and 1.37 g (8.4 mmol) of cyclic sulfamate (VI) in THF (10 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was returned to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solvent was evaporated to give a beige foam. This was heated and refluxed overnight in a mixture of 16 ml of 2N hydrochloric acid and 16 ml of ethanol. The reaction mixture was made basic with a 50% sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, evaporated, and then subjected to silica gel column chromatography (chloroform / isopropylamine = 49/1) to give (S) -2- (2-pyridylethyl) -pyrrolidine as a yellow oil. (87% yield). The physical constants of this compound are shown below.
Rf 0.17 (CHCl3 / iPrNH2 = 19 / 1); [α]D 25 -4.1 (c 0.96, CHCl3); FTIR (neat)ν3388, 1592, 1568, 1475, 1435, 1404, 773, 753 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.31 (1H, m), 1.65-1.95 (6H, m), 2.81-2.91 (3H, m), 3.01 (2H, m), 7.10 (1H,ddd, J = 7.3, 4.9, 1.0 Hz), 7.17 (1H,d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.58 (1H,ddd, J = 7.8, 7.3, 2.0 Hz), 8.52 (1H,d, J = 4.9 Hz); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 25.4, 31.8, 36.3, 36.5, 46.6, 58.8, 120.9, 122.7, 136.3, 149.1, 162.0 R f 0.17 (CHCl 3 / iPrNH 2 = 19/1); [α] D 25 -4.1 (c 0.96, CHCl 3 ); FTIR (neat) ν3388, 1592, 1568, 1475, 1435, 1404, 773, 753 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 1.31 (1H, m), 1.65-1.95 (6H, m), 2.81-2.91 (3H, m), 3.01 (2H, m), 7.10 (1H, ddd, J = 7.3, 4.9, 1.0 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.58 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.3, 2.0 Hz), 8.52 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz) ); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 25.4, 31.8, 36.3, 36.5, 46.6, 58.8, 120.9, 122.7, 136.3, 149.1, 162.0
（実施例４）
シクロヘキサノンとβ−ニトロスチレンとの不斉マイケル反応
(Example 4)
Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Cyclohexanone with β-Nitrostyrene
本実施例では、触媒として、実施例１で得られた光学活性ピロリジン誘導体である（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンを用いた。 In this example, the optically active pyrrolidine derivative (S) -2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine obtained in Example 1 was used as a catalyst.
シクロヘキサノン０．５ｍｌと上記光学活性ピロリジン誘導体４ｍｇ（０．０２５ｍｍｏｌ；０．１ｅｑ）とをクロロホルム（２ｍｌ）中に含有する混合液を、β−ニトロスチレン３８ｍｇ（０．２５ｍｍｏｌ；１．０ｅｑ）に加えた。この混合物を、薄層クロマトグラフィーで反応状況を確認しながら、反応が完結するまで適切な温度で攪拌した（本実施例では室温にて１日間反応を行なった）。次いで、反応液を０℃にて１Ｎ塩酸２ｍｌでクエンチし、ジクロロメタン３ｍｌで２回抽出を行なった。有機層を合わせ、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥を行ない、濾過した。濾液を濃縮し、調製用薄層クロマトグラフィーにかけ（ヘキサン／酢酸エチル＝４／１）、上記式（ＶＩＩ）で示す化合物を白色固形物として得た。この生成物の光学純度（ｅｅ）の測定は、分析用キラルＨＰＬＣ（Ｃｈｉｒａｌｐａｋ ＡＤカラム０．４６×２５ｃｍ；ヘキサン／２−プロパノール＝９０／１；０．５ｃｍ３／分)で行なった。 Ｒｔ ［（２Ｒ，１'Ｓ）］１３．５分； Ｒｔ ［（２Ｓ，１'Ｒ）］１５．４分。 A mixture containing 0.5 ml of cyclohexanone and 4 mg (0.025 mmol; 0.1 eq) of the optically active pyrrolidine derivative in chloroform (2 ml) was added to 38 mg (0.25 mmol; 1.0 eq) of β-nitrostyrene. Was. The mixture was stirred at an appropriate temperature until the reaction was completed while checking the reaction status by thin layer chromatography (in this example, the reaction was carried out at room temperature for one day). Next, the reaction solution was quenched at 0 ° C. with 2 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid, and extracted twice with 3 ml of dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and subjected to preparative thin-layer chromatography (hexane / ethyl acetate = 4/1) to obtain the compound represented by the above formula (VII) as a white solid. The optical purity (ee) of this product was measured by analytical chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD column 0.46 × 25 cm; hexane / 2-propanol = 90/1; 0.5 cm 3 / min). R t [(2R, 1'S )] 13.5 min; R t [(2S, 1'R )] 15.4 minutes.
この反応に使用した触媒の種類および濃度、反応温度、反応時間、生成物の収率、ｓｙｎ／ａｎｔｉ比、およびｓｙｎ型化合物の光学収率を表１に示す。表１における収率は、クロマトグラフィーにて精製後の収率であり、ｓｙｎ／ａｎｔｉ比は、粗生成物の１Ｈ ＮＭＲ分析による値である。 Table 1 shows the type and concentration of the catalyst used in this reaction, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the yield of the product, the syn / anti ratio, and the optical yield of the syn-type compound. The yield in Table 1 is the yield after purification by chromatography, and the syn / anti ratio is a value obtained by 1 H NMR analysis of the crude product.
後述の実施例５〜１１および比較例についても、反応に使用した触媒の種類および濃度、反応温度、反応時間、生成物の収率、ｓｙｎ／ａｎｔｉ比、およびｓｙｎ型化合物の光学収率を併せて表１に示す。 In Examples 5 to 11 and Comparative Examples described later, the type and concentration of the catalyst used in the reaction, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the yield of the product, the syn / anti ratio, and the optical yield of the syn-type compound were also combined. The results are shown in Table 1.
（実施例５〜８）
実施例１と同様の触媒を使用し、表１に示す条件により実施例１に準じて反応を行なった。実施例５においては、溶媒としてクロロホルムの代わりにトルエンを用いた。
(Examples 5 to 8)
Using the same catalyst as in Example 1, the reaction was carried out according to Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 1. In Example 5, toluene was used instead of chloroform as the solvent.
（実施例９）
触媒として、実施例２で得られた（Ｓ）−２−（３−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンを光学活性ピロリジン誘導体として用い、実施例１に準じて反応を行なった。
(Example 9)
Using (S) -2- (3-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine obtained in Example 2 as a catalyst as an optically active pyrrolidine derivative, a reaction was carried out according to Example 1.
（実施例１０および１１）
触媒として、実施例３で得られた（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルエチル）−ピロリジンを光学活性ピロリジン誘導体として用い、実施例１に準じて反応を行なった。
(Examples 10 and 11)
Using (S) -2- (2-pyridylethyl) -pyrrolidine obtained in Example 3 as a catalyst as an optically active pyrrolidine derivative, a reaction was carried out according to Example 1.
（比較例）
触媒としてピロリジンを用い、実施例１に準じて反応を行なった。
(Comparative example)
The reaction was carried out according to Example 1 using pyrrolidine as a catalyst.
表１から明らかなように、Ｓ型のピロリジン誘導体を触媒として用いると、９０％以上の割合でｓｙｎ型の化合物が生成し、かつ該化合物の光学純度も高い。実施例４、６、および７を比較すると、０℃あるいはそれ以下の反応温度を採用することにより、特に高い光学純度の化合物が得られることがわかる。使用する触媒の量は、原料化合物１モルに対して０．１モル程度で十分であると考えられる。実施例８、９、および１１を比較すると、化合物（ＩＩＳ）、（ＩＩＩＳ）、および（ＩＶＳ）のうち、化合物（ＩＩＳ）の反応速度が最も速いことが明らかである。 As is clear from Table 1, when an S-type pyrrolidine derivative is used as a catalyst, a syn-type compound is produced at a rate of 90% or more and the optical purity of the compound is high. Comparing Examples 4, 6, and 7, it can be seen that by employing a reaction temperature of 0 ° C. or lower, a compound having a particularly high optical purity can be obtained. It is considered that the amount of the catalyst used is about 0.1 mol per 1 mol of the starting compound. Comparing Examples 8, 9, and 11, it is clear that among the compounds (II S ), (III S ), and (IV S ), the reaction rate of the compound (II S ) is the fastest.
（実施例１２）
本実施例では、触媒として、実施例１で得られた光学活性ピロリジン誘導体である（Ｓ）−２−（２−ピリジルメチル）−ピロリジンを用いた。
(Example 12)
In this example, the optically active pyrrolidine derivative (S) -2- (2-pyridylmethyl) -pyrrolidine obtained in Example 1 was used as a catalyst.
シクロヘキサノン０．５ｍｌと上記光学活性ピロリジン誘導体４ｍｇ（０．０２５ｍｍｏｌ；０．１ｅｑ）とをクロロホルム（２ｍｌ）に加えた。このクロロホルム混合液をｐ−メトキシ−β−ニトロスチレン４５ｍｇ（０．２５ｍｍｏｌ；１．０ｅｑ）に加えた。この混合物を、薄層クロマトグラフィーで反応状況を確認しながら、反応が完結するまで適切な温度で攪拌した（本実施例では室温にて１５日間反応を行なった）。次いで、反応液を０℃に冷却し、１Ｎ塩酸２ｍｌでクエンチし、ジクロロメタン３ｍｌで２回抽出を行なった。有機層を合わせ、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥を行ない、濾過した。濾液を濃縮し、調製用薄層クロマトグラフィーにかけ（ヘキサン／酢酸エチル＝４／１）、表２Ａに示す化合物を得た。この生成物の光学純度（ｅｅ）の測定は、分析用キラルＨＰＬＣ（Ｃｈｉｒａｌｐａｋ ＡＤカラム０．４６×２５ｃｍ；ヘキサン／２−プロパノール＝９０／１；０．５ｃｍ３／分)で行なった。 0.5 ml of cyclohexanone and 4 mg (0.025 mmol; 0.1 eq) of the above optically active pyrrolidine derivative were added to chloroform (2 ml). This chloroform mixture was added to 45 mg (0.25 mmol; 1.0 eq) of p-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene. This mixture was stirred at an appropriate temperature until the reaction was completed while checking the reaction status by thin layer chromatography (in this example, the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 15 days). Then, the reaction solution was cooled to 0 ° C., quenched with 2 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid, and extracted twice with 3 ml of dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and subjected to preparative thin-layer chromatography (hexane / ethyl acetate = 4/1) to obtain the compounds shown in Table 2A. The optical purity (ee) of this product was measured by analytical chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD column 0.46 × 25 cm; hexane / 2-propanol = 90/1; 0.5 cm 3 / min).
これとは別に、２，４−ジニトロベンゼンスルホン酸を、ｐ−メトキシ−β−ニトロスチレン１モルに対して０．１モルとなるように上記クロロホルム溶液に加えて混合溶液を得、これをｐ−メトキシ−β−ニトロスチレンに加えて、同様に反応を行った。上記と同様に操作し、同様の生成物を得た。 Separately, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was added to the above-mentioned chloroform solution so as to be 0.1 mol per 1 mol of p-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene to obtain a mixed solution. The reaction was carried out similarly in addition to -methoxy-β-nitrostyrene. The same operation as above gave a similar product.
これらの反応における反応時間、生成物の構造、生成物の収率、ｓｙｎ／ａｎｔｉ比、およびｓｙｎ型化合物の光学収率を表２Ａに示す。表２Ａおよび後述の表２Ｂにおける収率は、クロマトグラフィーにて精製後の収率であり、ｓｙｎ／ａｎｔｉ比は、粗生成物の１Ｈ ＮＭＲ分析による値である。「２，４−ジニトロベンゼンスルホン酸」の項において、○は、２，４−ジニトロベンゼンスルホン酸を加えて反応を行った場合、−は、加えずに反応を行った場合を示す。 The reaction time, product structure, product yield, syn / anti ratio, and optical yield of the syn-type compound in these reactions are shown in Table 2A. The yields in Table 2A and Table 2B described below are the yields after purification by chromatography, and the syn / anti ratio is a value obtained by 1 H NMR analysis of the crude product. In the section of “2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid”, ○ indicates the case where the reaction was performed with addition of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, and − indicates the case where the reaction was performed without addition.
後述の実施例１３〜１８についても、各々の反応における反応時間、生成物の構造、生成物の収率、ｓｙｎ／ａｎｔｉ比、およびｓｙｎ型化合物の光学収率を併せて表２Ａまたは表２Ｂに示す。 Also for Examples 13 to 18 described below, the reaction time, product structure, product yield, syn / anti ratio, and optical yield of the syn-type compound in each reaction are shown in Table 2A or Table 2B. Show.
（実施例１３〜１６）
ｐ−メトキシ−β−ニトロスチレンの代わりに、表２Ａまたは表２Ｂに示すニトロ化合物を、実施例１２におけるのと同様のモル比で用いたこと以外は、実施例１２と同様に反応を行った。得られた生成物について、実施例１２と同様に評価を行った。但し、生成物の光学純度（ｅｅ）の測定は、分析用キラルＨＰＬＣ（Ｃｈｉｒａｌｐａｋ ＡＳカラム）を用いて行なった。
(Examples 13 to 16)
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 12, except that the nitro compound shown in Table 2A or Table 2B was used in the same molar ratio as in Example 12 instead of p-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene. . The obtained product was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 12. However, the optical purity (ee) of the product was measured using an analytical chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AS column).
（実施例１７および１８）
シクロヘキサノンの代わりに表２Ｂに示すケトン化合物またはアルデヒド化合物を、そして、ｐ−メトキシ−β−ニトロスチレンの代わりに、β−ニトロスチレンを、実施例１２におけるのと同様のモル比で用いたこと以外は、実施例１２と同様に反応を行った。得られた生成物について、実施例１２と同様に評価を行った。但し、生成物の光学純度（ｅｅ）の測定は、実施例１７においては、分析用キラルＨＰＬＣ（Ｃｈｉｒａｌｐａｋ ＡＳカラム）を用いて行ない、実施例１８においては、分析用キラルＨＰＬＣ（Ｃｈｉｒａｌｐａｋ ＡＤカラム）を用いて行なった。
(Examples 17 and 18)
Except that the ketone or aldehyde compound shown in Table 2B was used instead of cyclohexanone and β-nitrostyrene was used instead of p-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene in the same molar ratio as in Example 12. Reacted in the same manner as in Example 12. The obtained product was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 12. However, the optical purity (ee) of the product was measured using an analytical chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AS column) in Example 17, and in Example 18, an analytical chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD column) was used. Was performed using
表２Ａおよび表２Ｂから、本発明の光学活性ピロリジン誘導体は、種々の基質を用いた不斉マイケル反応の触媒として有用であり、光学純度の高い生成物が得られることがわかる。 Table 2A and Table 2B show that the optically active pyrrolidine derivative of the present invention is useful as a catalyst for an asymmetric Michael reaction using various substrates, and a product with high optical purity can be obtained.
本発明によれば、このように、マイケル反応、アルドール縮合などの付加反応による炭素−炭素結合形成反応に不斉触媒として利用され得る新規化合物が提供される。この化合物は、医薬品原料などに用いられる光学活性化合物の製造に好適に用いられ得る。 According to the present invention, there is provided a novel compound which can be used as an asymmetric catalyst in a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction by an addition reaction such as a Michael reaction or an aldol condensation. This compound can be suitably used for the production of an optically active compound used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals and the like.
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| JP2011083736A (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-28 | Kochi Univ | Asymmetric reaction catalyst and method of asymmetric synthesis using the same |
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