JP2004298123A - Method for treating yeast residue and animal feed obtained by the method - Google Patents

Method for treating yeast residue and animal feed obtained by the method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004298123A
JP2004298123A JP2003096806A JP2003096806A JP2004298123A JP 2004298123 A JP2004298123 A JP 2004298123A JP 2003096806 A JP2003096806 A JP 2003096806A JP 2003096806 A JP2003096806 A JP 2003096806A JP 2004298123 A JP2004298123 A JP 2004298123A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
yeast cell
yeast
yeast residue
microorganism
residue
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JP2003096806A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toshihiro Yokochi
俊弘 横地
Yasuyuki Kumon
保幸 公文
Haruro Nakahara
東郎 中原
Akira Agata
明 阿形
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Patent Technology Development Inc
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Patent Technology Development Inc
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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treating yeast residue by which the yeast residue can be utilized through transforming the yeast residue into a usable nutrient substance having high value-added by using a specific microorganism. <P>SOLUTION: The method for treating the yeast residue comprises the following process: preparing yeast residue having at least 0.6 mass% of sodium chloride as a nutrient medium; and inoculating the microorganism belonging to Labyrinthula into the yeast residue to culture the microorganism so as to generate the usable organic material wherein polyunsaturated fatty acids are enriched. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、酵素の製造やアルコール発酵等の発酵の過程で得られる酵母菌体残滓をラビリンチュラ属微生物によって高度不飽和脂肪酸を含んだ有用な有機物材料、例えば動物飼料に変換させる酵母菌体残滓処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
酵母かすや酵母菌体残滓は、酵素製造工場やビール製造工場などから大量に排出され、その一部は肥料や飼料の原料として消費されるが、ほとんど未利用のまま廃棄処分され、この廃棄処分には多額の経費を要している。
【0003】
また、酵母かすや酵母菌体残滓の有効利用を図る試みも多少提案されている。例えば、古紙繊維と酵母残渣とを利用した木質生分解性材の製造法(特許文献1)や、生酵母の菌体内成分を菌体外に放出させた後の酵母菌体残さや生酵母のアルカリ水溶液抽出物からなる分散安定剤(特許文献2)等がある。
【0004】
しかしながら、これらの提案は酵母菌体残滓の簡単な処理物としての利用やそれ自体の属性である生分解性の利用を図ったにすぎないものであって、酵母菌体残滓をより付加価値の高い有用栄養物質に変換するための処理方法は、これまで知られていなかった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−285108号公報(特許請求の範囲その他)
【特許文献2】
特開平10−179182号公報(特許請求の範囲その他)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、酵母菌体残滓を特定の微生物を用いて、より付加価値の高い有用な栄養物質に変換し、有効利用しうる方法を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、酵母菌体残滓、特にビール酵母菌体残滓を処理する方法について種々研究を重ねた結果、海洋性微生物の1種であるラビリンチュラ属微生物は、酵母菌体残滓の塩化ナトリウム濃度を所定濃度以上に調節した場合、これを培地として順調に培養しうることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明をなすに至った。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は、塩化ナトリウム濃度を少なくとも0.6質量%とした酵母菌体残滓を栄養培地として用い、これにラビリンチュラ属微生物を植菌し、培養することにより高度不飽和脂肪酸が富化した有用有機物材料を生成させることを特徴とする酵母菌体残滓処理方法、及び酵母菌体残滓のラビリンチュラ属微生物培養物からなる動物飼料を提供するものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明方法においては、酵母菌体残滓を原料として用いるが、この酵母菌体残滓としては、ビール酵母由来のものが好適である。
【0010】
酵母菌体残滓は、酵母菌体から抽出処理やアルカリ加水分解処理等の簡単な処理により、菌体の原形質等を主とする有用物、例えば、酵母エキス等を採取した残りかすであるが、これにはなお主には糖質、蛋白質が、さらには脂肪や繊維も含まれており、これらは栄養培地として用いた場合、炭素源や窒素源として用いることができる。
【0011】
本発明方法においては、海洋性菌の1種であるラビリンチュラ属微生物を用いるため、塩分すなわち塩化ナトリウムが存在しない環境下では、増殖が行われないので、栄養培地中に少なくとも0.6質量%の塩化ナトリウムを含有させる必要がある。この塩化ナトリウムは、酵母菌体残滓中に最初から所要量が混合されている場合は、特に添加する必要はないが、0.6質量%未満の場合には、水溶液の形で添加する必要がある。この水溶液としては、人工海水、天然海水を用いるのが好ましい。
【0012】
次に、本発明方法において用いるラビリンチュラ属微生物は、海洋環境に広く存在が認められる微生物であるが、分類学的な興味は持たれつつも、分離・培養が困難であるため、応用微生物的にはこれまで利用はされなかった。このラビリンチュラ属微生物は、ラビリンチュラ類の中に2科認められている中の1つのラビリンチュラ科のなかに含まれ、ラビリンチュラ科はラビリンチュラ属の一属のみから成る。
【0013】
もう一方は、スラウストキトリウム科でスラウストキトリウム属あるいはシゾキトリウム属などが含まれる。ラビリンチュラ属微生物は、紡錘形の運動性のある細胞に特徴があり、もう一方のスラウストキトリウム科とは培養特性なども大きく異なっていることが知られている。
【0014】
最近、本発明者らによりその増殖がバクテリアなどの存在により活性化されることが見出され、また油脂を添加した固体培養でドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)やn‐6ドコサペンタエン酸(n‐6DPA)などの高度不飽和脂肪酸の生産に利用されるようになった(特開2001−275656号公報)。
【0015】
本発明方法で用いられるラビリンチュラ属微生物としては、ラビリンチュラ・エスピーS3−2(Labyrinthula sp S3−2)が好ましい。この菌株は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所微生物寄託センターに寄託番号FERM BP−7090として寄託されている。本発明方法においては、このラビリンチュラ・エスピーS3−2と実質的に同一の菌学的性質を有する菌株であれば、どのような菌株でも用いることができる。
【0016】
本発明方法を好適に実施するには、酵母菌体残滓に対し、水分量を少なくとも50質量%、塩化ナトリウム濃度を少なくとも0.6質量%に調整したのちに、これを栄養培地として用い、これにラビリンチュラ・エスピーS3−2菌株を植菌し、15〜30℃、好ましくは18〜25℃において2〜500時間培養する。この際の培地のpHとしては5〜9、好ましくは6〜8の範囲が選ばれる。
【0017】
このようにして、培養を行うことにより、その培養物中に高度不飽和脂肪酸を蓄積させて資化することができる。すなわち、本発明方法においては、培地中の炭素源や窒素源の栄養源が消費されてラビリンチュラ属微生物が増殖し、高度不飽和脂肪酸を産生する微生物が蓄積される結果、高度不飽和脂肪酸の量を処理前の酵母菌体残滓中の量より増大させることができる。
【0018】
このようにして増大することができる高度不飽和脂肪酸としては、例えば、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサテトラエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などがある。
【0019】
本発明方法により処理された酵母菌体残滓は、乾燥したのち、場合により粉砕してそのまま動物飼料や肥料として供することができる。
また、このものは、高度不飽和脂肪酸の製造原料としても有用であり、その乾燥体を、例えばクロロホルムのような非水溶性溶媒により抽出したのち、溶媒を留去することにより、高度不飽和脂肪酸を回収することができる。
【0020】
【実施例】
次に、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらによってなんら限定されるものではない。
【0021】
参考例
大豆油5g/リットル、ポリペプトン1g/リットル、酵母エキス0.5g/リットル、寒天15g/リットルとなるように、塩分濃度が海水の50%である人工海水を加えて調製した、直径9cmのシャーレ中の基本平板培地に、サイクロバクタ属微生物(寄託番号:FERM BP−7142)を塗布したものに、ラビリンチュラ・エスピーS3−2(FERM BP−7090)を、その保存培地から切り取った0.5cm四方の切片として載置することにより植菌し、あらかじめ25℃で7日間静置培養して前培養プレートを調製した。前培養プレートでは、塗布されたバクテリアが消費されるとともに、添加された油脂を資化してラビリンチュラ属微生物がプレート全体に広がって増殖する。
【0022】
実施例1
培地1リットル当り、グルコースが20g、ポリペプトンおよび酵母エキスがそれぞれ10g+5g(A)、5g+2.5g(B)、2.5g+1g(C)、1g+0.5g(D)の含量となるように調製された培地にて酵母株の一種であるLipomyces starkeyi(IF010381)を25℃で7日間培養したのち、各酵母菌体を遠心分離法で回収し、人工海水で2回洗浄し、オートクレーブにて121℃で15分間滅菌して各酵母菌体ペーストを得た。各酵母菌体ペーストの総脂肪酸含量(乾燥質量基準に基づく)を表1に示す。
各酵母菌体ペースト1mlを参考例で得た前培養プレートに塗布し、25℃で7日間培養した。培養後の高度不飽和脂肪酸の含量及び総脂肪酸中の割合(乾燥質量基準に基づく)を、表面の酵母菌体ペーストを一部掻き取り、ガスクロマトグラフィーにより測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0023】
【表1】

Figure 2004298123
【0024】
酵母菌体ペースト中で、ラビリンチュラ属菌が増殖していることは、表1より、酵母によっては生産されない高度不飽和脂肪酸が、1gの酵母菌体ペーストあたり4.4〜25.8mg検出されることから確認できる。また、原料の酵母菌体ペースト中の総脂肪酸含量が高いときにラビリンチュラ属菌の増殖が活性化して高度不飽和脂肪酸含量の増大することが分る。
【0025】
実施例2
YM培地(DIFCO Laboratories)を用いて、実施例1と同様に酵母IFO10381株を25℃で7日間培養した後、酵母菌体を回収して、100%人工海水(海水と同濃度のもの)で2回洗浄した後、オートクレーブにて121℃で15分間滅菌した。
【0026】
この酵母滅菌菌体について、プローブ形の超音波破砕機により3分間破砕を行ったもの(E)と、この酵母滅菌菌体5g(水分含量約80%)に大豆油を1gの割合で添加した後、(E)と同様に3分間超音波破砕したもの(F)を酵母菌体ペーストとして用いた。
【0027】
この酵母菌体ペーストを参考例で得た前培養プレートに塗布して、7日および14日間静置培養した。培養後の高度不飽和脂肪酸の含量及び総脂肪酸中の割合(乾燥質量基準に基づく)を、表面の酵母菌体ペーストを一部掻き取り、ガスクロマトグラフィーにより測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0028】
【表2】
Figure 2004298123
【0029】
酵母菌体ペースト中の7日間の培養でも明らかに高度不飽和脂肪酸が検出され、ラビリンチュラ属微生物が酵母菌体ペースト中で良好に増殖したことが分る。また、14日間の培養では、高度不飽和脂肪酸割合が10%を超えるものとなった。また、大豆油を添加することにより、酵母菌体中でのラビリンチュラの増殖は活性化し、14日間培養では無添加の場合に比べて高度不飽和脂肪酸量は約3倍に達することが分る。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、これまでに多額の費用をかけて廃棄処理していた酵母菌体残滓をラビリンチュラ属微生物により処理することで、低コストで高度不飽和脂肪酸を含んだ飼料・肥料として利用できる有用有機材料に変換できるので、環境保全の上でも実用的価値を高めることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a yeast cell residue obtained by converting a yeast cell residue obtained in the course of fermentation such as enzyme production or alcohol fermentation into a useful organic material containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid by a Labyrinthura microorganism, for example, animal feed. It relates to a processing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Yeast residue and yeast cell residue are discharged in large quantities from enzyme production plants and beer production plants, and some of them are consumed as raw materials for fertilizers and feeds. Costs a lot of money.
[0003]
In addition, some attempts have been made to effectively use yeast residues and yeast cell residues. For example, a method for producing a woody biodegradable material using waste paper fiber and yeast residue (Patent Document 1), a method for producing yeast cell residues after releasing the intracellular components of live yeast from the cells, and a method of producing live yeast There is a dispersion stabilizer comprising an aqueous alkaline solution extract (Patent Document 2).
[0004]
However, these proposals merely aim at utilizing the yeast cell residue as a simple treated product or utilizing biodegradability, which is an attribute of itself, and adding yeast cell residue to a value-added product. A processing method for converting to high useful nutrients has not been known until now.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-285108 (Claims and others)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-179182 (Claims and others)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for converting a yeast cell residue into a useful nutrient with higher added value by using a specific microorganism and using the nutrient effectively.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted various studies on a method for treating yeast cell residues, particularly brewer's yeast cell residues, and as a result, it was found that Labyrinthura microorganisms, which are a kind of marine microorganisms, contain sodium chloride in yeast cell residues. It has been found that when the concentration is adjusted to a predetermined concentration or more, the culture can be smoothly performed using the medium as a medium, and the present invention has been accomplished based on this finding.
[0008]
That is, the present invention uses a yeast cell residue having a sodium chloride concentration of at least 0.6% by mass as a nutrient medium, inoculates a Labyrinthura microorganism into the nutrient medium, and cultures the resulting mixture to enrich the highly unsaturated fatty acids. A method for treating yeast cell residue characterized by producing a useful organic material as described above, and an animal feed comprising a culture of a microorganism of the genus Labyrinthula of the yeast cell residue.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the method of the present invention, yeast cell residue is used as a raw material, and the yeast cell residue is preferably derived from brewer's yeast.
[0010]
Yeast cell residue is a residue obtained by collecting useful substances mainly from the protoplasm of the cells, such as yeast extract, by a simple treatment such as extraction treatment or alkaline hydrolysis treatment from the yeast cells. It still contains mainly carbohydrates and proteins, as well as fats and fibers, which can be used as carbon and nitrogen sources when used as nutrient media.
[0011]
In the method of the present invention, since a microorganism of the genus Labyrinthula, which is a kind of marine fungus, is used, the growth does not take place in an environment in the absence of salt, that is, sodium chloride. Of sodium chloride. This sodium chloride does not need to be added when the required amount is initially mixed in the yeast cell residue, but when it is less than 0.6% by mass, it needs to be added in the form of an aqueous solution. is there. As the aqueous solution, artificial seawater or natural seawater is preferably used.
[0012]
Next, Labyrinthula microorganisms used in the method of the present invention are microorganisms widely found in the marine environment, but they are taxonomically interesting, but are difficult to separate and culture, so that they are applied microorganisms. Has never been used before. The Labyrinthura microorganism is included in one of the two families of Labyrinthuras, and the Labyrinthura family consists of only one genus of Labyrinthula.
[0013]
The other is a Thraustochytrium family, including Thraustochytrium or Schizochytrium. Labyrinthula microorganisms are characterized by spindle-shaped, motile cells, and are known to differ greatly in culture characteristics and the like from the other Thraustochytrium family.
[0014]
Recently, the present inventors have found that the growth is activated by the presence of bacteria and the like. In addition, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (n-6DPA) was obtained in solid culture supplemented with fats and oils. ) And the like (JP-A-2001-275656).
[0015]
Labyrinthula sp S3-2 (Labyrinthula sp S3-2) is preferable as the microorganism of the genus Labyrinthula used in the method of the present invention. This strain has been deposited with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) under the deposit number FERM BP-7090. In the method of the present invention, any strain having substantially the same mycological properties as Labyrinthura sp S3-2 can be used.
[0016]
In order to preferably carry out the method of the present invention, the amount of water is adjusted to at least 50% by mass and the concentration of sodium chloride is adjusted to at least 0.6% by mass with respect to the yeast cell residue, and then used as a nutrient medium. And inoculated with Labyrinthura sp. S3-2 strain, and cultured at 15 to 30 ° C, preferably 18 to 25 ° C for 2 to 500 hours. At this time, the pH of the medium is selected in the range of 5 to 9, preferably 6 to 8.
[0017]
By culturing in this way, highly unsaturated fatty acids can be accumulated and assimilated in the culture. That is, in the method of the present invention, nutrients such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources in the medium are consumed, and the microorganisms of the genus Labyrinthula proliferate, and as a result, microorganisms producing polyunsaturated fatty acids are accumulated. The amount can be increased from the amount in the yeast cell residue before the treatment.
[0018]
Polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be increased in this way include, for example, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosatetraenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and the like.
[0019]
The yeast cell residue treated by the method of the present invention can be dried and then optionally crushed and used as it is as animal feed or fertilizer.
It is also useful as a raw material for producing polyunsaturated fatty acids, and after extracting the dried product with a water-insoluble solvent such as chloroform, the solvent is distilled off to obtain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Can be recovered.
[0020]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0021]
REFERENCE EXAMPLE Artificial seawater with a salt concentration of 50% was prepared by adding soybean oil 5 g / l, polypeptone 1 g / l, yeast extract 0.5 g / l, and agar agar 15 g / l. Labyrinthura sp. S3-2 (FERM BP-7090) was cut out from the stock medium on a basic plate medium in a petri dish coated with a microorganism of the genus Cyclobacta (deposit number: FERM BP-7142). The cells were inoculated by placing them as a 5 cm square section, and were allowed to stand still at 25 ° C. for 7 days to prepare a preculture plate. In the preculture plate, the applied bacteria are consumed, and the microorganisms belonging to the genus Labyrinthula spread and proliferate throughout the plate by utilizing the added fats and oils.
[0022]
Example 1
A medium prepared such that the content of glucose is 20 g, polypeptone and yeast extract are 10 g + 5 g (A), 5 g + 2.5 g (B), 2.5 g + 1 g (C), 1 g + 0.5 g (D), respectively, per liter of medium. After culturing Lipomyces starkeyi (IF010381), a kind of yeast strain, at 25 ° C. for 7 days, each yeast cell was collected by centrifugation, washed twice with artificial seawater, and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 15 days. After sterilization for a minute, each yeast cell paste was obtained. Table 1 shows the total fatty acid content (based on dry mass basis) of each yeast cell paste.
1 ml of each yeast cell paste was applied to the preculture plate obtained in Reference Example, and cultured at 25 ° C. for 7 days. The content of the polyunsaturated fatty acid and the percentage of the total fatty acid (based on dry mass basis) after the culturing were measured by gas chromatography after scraping a part of the yeast cell paste on the surface. Table 1 shows the results.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004298123
[0024]
The fact that Labyrinthura sp. Is growing in the yeast cell paste can be seen from Table 1 that 4.4 to 25.8 mg of highly unsaturated fatty acids not produced by yeast are detected per 1 g of yeast cell paste. It can be confirmed from that. In addition, it can be seen that when the total fatty acid content in the yeast yeast paste as the raw material is high, the growth of Labyrinthula is activated and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids increases.
[0025]
Example 2
After culturing the yeast strain IFO10381 at 25 ° C. for 7 days in the same manner as in Example 1 using a YM medium (DIFCO Laboratories), the yeast cells were collected, and 100% artificial seawater (having the same concentration as seawater) was used. After washing twice, it was sterilized in an autoclave at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes.
[0026]
The yeast sterilized cells were crushed by a probe-type ultrasonic crusher for 3 minutes (E), and 1 g of soybean oil was added to 5 g of the yeast sterilized cells (water content: about 80%). Then, the product (F) obtained by sonication for 3 minutes as in (E) was used as a yeast cell paste.
[0027]
This yeast cell paste was applied to the preculture plate obtained in the Reference Example, and was allowed to stand still for 7 days and 14 days. The content of the polyunsaturated fatty acid and the percentage of the total fatty acid (based on dry mass basis) after the culturing were measured by gas chromatography after scraping a part of the yeast cell paste on the surface. Table 2 shows the results.
[0028]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004298123
[0029]
Highly unsaturated fatty acids were clearly detected even after cultivation in the yeast cell paste for 7 days, indicating that Labyrinthura microorganisms grew well in the yeast cell paste. After 14 days of culture, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids exceeded 10%. In addition, the addition of soybean oil activates the growth of Labyrinthura in yeast cells, and shows that the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids reaches about three times greater in the 14-day culture than in the case without the addition. .
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a yeast cell residue, which had been disposed of at a high cost until now, is treated with a Labyrinthura microorganism to be used as a feed / fertilizer containing highly unsaturated fatty acids at low cost. Since it can be converted into a useful organic material that can be used, practical value can be enhanced in terms of environmental protection.

Claims (4)

塩化ナトリウム濃度を少なくとも0.6質量%とした酵母菌体残滓を栄養培地として用い、これにラビリンチュラ属微生物を植菌し、培養することにより高度不飽和脂肪酸が富化した有用有機物材料を生成させることを特徴とする酵母菌体残滓処理方法。A yeast cell residue with a sodium chloride concentration of at least 0.6% by mass is used as a nutrient medium, and a microorganism of the genus Labyrinthura is inoculated into the nutrient medium and cultured to produce a useful organic material enriched in highly unsaturated fatty acids. A method for treating yeast cell residue. 栄養培地の水分量を少なくとも50質量%に調節して行う請求項1記載の酵母菌体残滓処理方法。2. The method for treating yeast cell residue according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed by adjusting the water content of the nutrient medium to at least 50% by mass. 高度不飽和脂肪酸が富化した有用有機物材料が動物飼料である請求項1又は2記載の酵母菌体残滓処理方法。3. The method for treating yeast cell residue according to claim 1, wherein the useful organic material enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids is animal feed. 酵母菌体残滓のラビリンチュラ属微生物培養物からなる動物飼料。Animal feed comprising a culture of a microorganism of the genus Labyrinthula with yeast cell residue.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006230403A (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-09-07 Hokkaido Univ New microorganism of labyrinthula group having high productivity of docosahexaenoic acid (dha), and utilization thereof
JP2007274910A (en) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Kohjin Co Ltd Medium for solid-culturing microorganism
JP2014121288A (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-03 Mukogawa Gakuin Basidiomycete cultivation food product

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006230403A (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-09-07 Hokkaido Univ New microorganism of labyrinthula group having high productivity of docosahexaenoic acid (dha), and utilization thereof
JP2007274910A (en) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Kohjin Co Ltd Medium for solid-culturing microorganism
JP2014121288A (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-03 Mukogawa Gakuin Basidiomycete cultivation food product

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