JP2004283107A - Method for adding amino acid to cut tobacco - Google Patents

Method for adding amino acid to cut tobacco Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004283107A
JP2004283107A JP2003080373A JP2003080373A JP2004283107A JP 2004283107 A JP2004283107 A JP 2004283107A JP 2003080373 A JP2003080373 A JP 2003080373A JP 2003080373 A JP2003080373 A JP 2003080373A JP 2004283107 A JP2004283107 A JP 2004283107A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
amino acid
cigarette
aqueous solution
carbonyl compound
tobacco
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JP2003080373A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazutaka Taroura
和香 太郎良
Koji Torikai
康二 鳥飼
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Japan Tobacco Inc
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Japan Tobacco Inc
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Priority to JP2003080373A priority Critical patent/JP2004283107A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress production of a carbonyl compound by devising a method for adding an amino acid to cut tobacco. <P>SOLUTION: The method for adding the amino acid to cut tobacco comprises adding an alkaline aqueous solution containing the amino acid-into the cut tobacco. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、たばこ刻へのアミノ酸添加方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、たばこ煙中のカルボニル化合物低減技術として、化学吸着剤を添加したたばこフィルターを用いることが提案されている。カルボニル化合物の化学吸着剤としてはアミノプロピルシリカ(特許文献1)やエンジオール(特許文献2)などが知られている。
【0003】
しかし、化学吸着剤を添加したたばこフィルターでは、副流煙カルボニル化合物を低減することはできないため、カルボニル化合物の生成自体を抑制するのがより効果的な低減手法といえる。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
アメリカ特許明細書第6,209,547号
【0005】
【特許文献2】
特開昭61−268166号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、たばこ刻へのアミノ酸添加方法を工夫し、カルボニル化合物の生成を抑制することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係るたばこ刻へのアミノ酸添加方法は、たばこ刻に対し、アミノ酸を含有するアルカリ性水溶液を添加することを特徴とする。
【0008】
本発明においては、たばこ刻に対するアミノ酸の添加量を0.1重量%以上とすることが好ましい。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、煙中カルボニル化合物がたばこ刻の燃焼反応によって生成するという点に着目し、その生成反応を抑制する添加物の探索を行ってきた。種々の化学物質について、たばこ刻への添加試験を実施したところ、アミン構造を有する物質(アミノ酸、アンモニウム塩)を添加した場合にカルボニル化合物の低減効果が高いことが認められた。しかし、カルボニル化合物の低減効果は、アミン構造を有する物質(代表的にはアミノ酸)の添加量を対刻重量で10wt%という高濃度にした場合にしか得ることができず、このような高濃度の添加量では喫味や物性への影響などが懸念された。
【0010】
そこで本発明者らは、アミノ酸の添加量を抑える目的で、たばこ刻へのアミノ酸の新しい添加方法を見出すことにより本発明を完成させた。すなわち、本発明においては、たばこ刻に対し、アミノ酸を含有するアルカリ性水溶液を添加する。
【0011】
下記化学式に示すように、アミノ酸添加によるカルボニル化合物の低減メカニズムとして、アミノ基上の孤立電子対によるカルボニル化合物への求核付加攻撃があり得る。しかし、葉たばこは中性〜酸性であるため、アミノ酸のアミノ基は一定の割合でプロトン化されており、その求核反応性が抑制されていると考えられる。これに対して、アミノ酸をアルカリ性環境下に置けば、アミノ基のプロトン化が解け、その求核性が高まることが予測される。以上の機構から、たばこ刻に対し、アミノ酸をアルカリ性水溶液の形態で添加することによって、カルボニル化合物の低減効果が増強されると考えられる。
【0012】
【化1】

Figure 2004283107
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。
【0014】
(1)アスパラギンを含有するアルカリ性水溶液を添加したシガレット
(1.1)刻調製法
市販の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)150mg(刻重量比3wt%に相当)およびアスパラギン(以下、Asnと記す)200mg、100mg、50mgまたは5mg(刻重量比4wt%、2wt%、1wt%または0.1wt%に相当)を秤量し、純水2.5mLに溶解させた。その全量を国産黄色種本葉(X−ODL)のたばこ刻5gに均一に噴霧添加した。添加刻を温度22℃、湿度60%の室内で48時間以上乾燥させた。得られた刻を用い、小型紙巻たばこ巻き上げ機(RIZLA UK Ltd.)で刻重量700mg、長さ59mm、巻周25mmのシガレットを試製した。
【0015】
比較のために、3wt%NaOH水溶液2.5mLを噴霧した刻を用い、上記と同様にしてシガレットを試製した。
【0016】
比較のために、2wt%Asn水溶液2.5mLを噴霧した刻を用い、上記と同様にしてシガレットを試製した。
【0017】
また、純水2.5mLのみを噴霧した刻を用い、上記と同様にしてシガレットを試製し、これをコントロールシガレットとした。
【0018】
(1.2)喫煙条件
喫煙条件はISO法に準拠した。ボルグワルド社製の喫煙器を使用し、1分間に1回の間隔で2秒間に35mL吸煙させ、吸殻の長さが23mmになるまで喫煙させた。
【0019】
(1.3)煙中成分分析法
Health Canada法(Official Methods made by Department of Health(Canada),1999年12月31日,Method of No.T−104)に準拠し、7成分のカルボニル化合物(ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、アセトン、アクロレイン、プロピオンアルデヒド、クロトンアルデヒド、n−ブチルアルデヒド)を分析した。
【0020】
[捕集用液の調製]
市販の2,4−ジニトロフェニルヒドラジン(水分50%含有品)9.5107gを秤量し、アセトニトリル1Lに溶解させた。この溶液に60%過塩素酸5.6mLを加えて混合した後、超純水を加えて2Lの水溶液を調製した。
【0021】
[捕集方法]
たばこ主流煙を、上記捕集溶液100mLを入れたガラス捕集瓶1本に導入して捕集した。捕集後の試料溶液を、0.45μmPTFEフィルターでろ過した後、その溶液4mLと1%TRIZMA baseアセトニトリル溶液6mLを混合した。得られた溶液を分析用ガラスバイアル(2mL容)に分注し、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)による分析を行った。
【0022】
[機器分析]
Aglient社製HPLC(1100シリーズ)を用いてカルボニル化合物の定量分析を行った。
【0023】
カラム:逆相分析用カラム(Merck Lichrospher RP−18e)
移動相:アセトニトリル、水、THF、2−プロパノールのグラジエント。
【0024】
(1.4)煙中成分の低減効果評価
上記の方法を用いて、それぞれのシガレットを繰り返し点数3回で測定し、シガレット1本当りの成分量平均値および標準偏差を算出した。それぞれの成分について、コントロールを100とした場合の相対値(%)を算出し、t検定を用いて相対値の統計的有意差を検討した。
【0025】
(1.5)アスパラギン含有アルカリ性水溶液を添加したシガレットによるカルボニル化合物の低減効果の評価
表1に、3wt%NaOHを含有する水溶液を添加したたばこ刻、2wt%Asnを含有する水溶液を添加したたばこ刻、または2wt%Asnを含有するアルカリ(3wt%NaOH含有)水溶液を添加したたばこ刻を用いたシガレットについて、コントロールシガレットに対する煙中カルボニル化合物の増減率を評価した結果を示す。
【0026】
また、図1に、上記のシガレットについて、コントロールシガレットに対する煙中ホルムアルデヒドの増減率を評価した結果を図示する。
【0027】
Asnを含有するアルカリ性水溶液を添加したことにより、Asn水溶液を添加した場合と比較して、ホルムアルデヒド低減効果を約5倍に向上させることができ、その他のカルボニル化合物に対しても同様の低減効果の向上が認められた。
【0028】
【表1】
Figure 2004283107
【0029】
(1.6)Asn添加濃度を変化させたシガレットによるカルボニル化合物の低減効果
表2に、0.1〜4wt%(0.1wt%、1wt%、2wt%または4wt%)Asnを含有するアルカリ(3wt%NaOH含有)水溶液を添加したたばこ刻を用いたシガレットについて、コントロールシガレットに対する煙中カルボニル化合物の増減率を評価した結果を示す。また、図2に、上記と同じシガレットについて、コントロールシガレットに対する煙中ホルムアルデヒドの増減率を評価した結果を図示する。
【0030】
表2および図2から、Asn添加濃度が0.1wt%以上であれば、カルボニル化合物の高い低減効果を維持できることが認められた。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 2004283107
【0032】
(1.7)NaOH水溶液の濃度が及ぼす影響
NaOH水溶液の濃度を0.1wt%〜3wt%の範囲で変化させて(3.1)と同様の検討を行った。その結果、1.5wt%以上の濃度のNaOH水溶液にアミノ酸を含有させてたばこ刻に添加することにより、カルボニル化合物の低減効果が増強されることがわかった。表3に1.5wt%NaOH水溶液を用いた場合の結果を示す。
【0033】
【表3】
Figure 2004283107
【0034】
(2)他のアミノ酸による効果
(2.1)グルタミンを含有するアルカリ性水溶液を添加したシガレット
市販の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)150mg(刻重量比3wt%に相当)およびグルタミン(以下、Glnと記す)100mg(刻重量比2wt%に相当)を秤量し、純水2.5mLに溶解させた。その全量を国産黄色種本葉(X−ODL)のたばこ刻5gに均一に噴霧添加した。得られた添加刻を用いてシガレットを試製し、上記と同様の方法で煙中のカルボニル化合物を分析した。
【0035】
表4に、3wt%NaOHを含有する水溶液を添加したたばこ刻、2wt%Glnを含有する水溶液を添加したたばこ刻、または2wt%Glnを含有するアルカリ(3wt%NaOH含有)水溶液を添加したたばこ刻を用いたシガレットについて、コントロールシガレットに対する煙中カルボニル化合物の増減率を評価した結果を示す。
【0036】
【表4】
Figure 2004283107
【0037】
(2.2)アスパラギン酸を含有するアルカリ性水溶液を添加したシガレット酸性アミノ酸であるアスパラギン酸(以下、Aspと記す)を用いて上記と同様な試験を実施したところ、カルボニル化合物の低減効果が認められた。表5にアスパラギン酸(Asp)を用いた場合の結果を示す。
【0038】
【表5】
Figure 2004283107
【0039】
【0040】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、たばこ刻に対してアミノ酸をアルカリ水溶液の形態で添加したことにより、カルボニル化合物の生成を抑制することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】Asnを含有するアルカリ水溶液を添加したたばこ刻を用いたシガレットについて、コントロールシガレットに対する煙中ホルムアルデヒドの増減率を示す図。
【図2】Asnを種々の濃度で含有するアルカリ水溶液を添加したたばこ刻を用いたシガレットについて、コントロールシガレットに対する煙中ホルムアルデヒドの増減率を示す図。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for adding amino acids to tobacco shreds.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, it has been proposed to use a tobacco filter to which a chemical adsorbent has been added as a technique for reducing carbonyl compounds in tobacco smoke. Aminopropyl silica (Patent Document 1) and enediol (Patent Document 2) are known as chemical adsorbents for carbonyl compounds.
[0003]
However, in a tobacco filter to which a chemical adsorbent is added, it is not possible to reduce the sidestream smoke carbonyl compound. Therefore, it can be said that suppressing the generation of the carbonyl compound itself is a more effective reduction method.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
US Patent Specification No. 6,209,547
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-61-268166.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to devise a method for adding an amino acid to tobacco shreds and suppress the generation of a carbonyl compound.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for adding an amino acid to tobacco cut according to the present invention is characterized in that an alkaline aqueous solution containing an amino acid is added to the tobacco cut.
[0008]
In the present invention, the amount of the amino acid added to the tobacco cut is preferably 0.1% by weight or more.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present inventors have paid attention to the fact that the carbonyl compound in smoke is generated by the combustion reaction of tobacco, and have searched for an additive that suppresses the generation reaction. When a test for adding various chemicals to tobacco was performed, it was found that the addition of a substance having an amine structure (amino acid or ammonium salt) had a high effect of reducing the carbonyl compound. However, the effect of reducing the carbonyl compound can be obtained only when the addition amount of the substance having an amine structure (typically, an amino acid) is set to a high concentration of 10% by weight per unit time. It was feared that the addition amount of the compound would affect the taste and physical properties.
[0010]
Therefore, the present inventors have completed the present invention by finding a new method of adding amino acids to tobacco shreds for the purpose of suppressing the amount of added amino acids. That is, in the present invention, an alkaline aqueous solution containing an amino acid is added to the tobacco cut.
[0011]
As shown in the following chemical formula, a nucleophilic addition attack on a carbonyl compound by a lone electron pair on an amino group may be a mechanism for reducing the carbonyl compound by adding an amino acid. However, since leaf tobacco is neutral to acidic, the amino group of the amino acid is protonated at a certain ratio, and it is considered that its nucleophilic reactivity is suppressed. On the other hand, if an amino acid is placed in an alkaline environment, it is expected that the protonation of the amino group will be released and the nucleophilicity of the amino group will increase. From the above mechanism, it is considered that the effect of reducing the carbonyl compound is enhanced by adding the amino acid to the tobacco cut in the form of an alkaline aqueous solution.
[0012]
Embedded image
Figure 2004283107
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.
[0014]
(1) Cigarette to which an alkaline aqueous solution containing asparagine is added (1.1) Chopping preparation method 150 mg of commercially available sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (corresponding to a chopping weight ratio of 3 wt%) and 200 mg of asparagine (hereinafter referred to as Asn); 100 mg, 50 mg or 5 mg (corresponding to a cut weight ratio of 4 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt% or 0.1 wt%) was weighed and dissolved in 2.5 mL of pure water. The whole amount was uniformly spray-added to 5 g of tobacco cut of domestic yellow seed leaf (X-ODL). The dough was dried for 48 hours or more in a room at a temperature of 22 ° C. and a humidity of 60%. Using the resulting chopping, a small cigarette winding machine (RIZLA UK Ltd.) was used to trial manufacture a cigarette having a chopping weight of 700 mg, a length of 59 mm and a winding circumference of 25 mm.
[0015]
For comparison, a cigarette was trial-produced in the same manner as described above, using a chop sprayed with 2.5 mL of a 3 wt% NaOH aqueous solution.
[0016]
For comparison, cigarettes were trial-produced in the same manner as described above, using a chopped spray of 2.5 mL of a 2 wt% Asn aqueous solution.
[0017]
In addition, a cigarette was trial-produced in the same manner as described above, using a chop sprayed with only 2.5 mL of pure water, and was used as a control cigarette.
[0018]
(1.2) Smoking conditions The smoking conditions conformed to the ISO method. Using a smoker manufactured by Borgwald, 35 mL of smoke was sucked at intervals of 1 minute for 2 seconds, and smoking was performed until the length of the butts became 23 mm.
[0019]
(1.3) Method for analyzing components in smoke The carbonyl compound of 7 components according to the Health Canada method (Official Methods made by Department of Health (Canada), December 31, 1999, Method of No. T-104). (Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde) were analyzed.
[0020]
[Preparation of liquid for collection]
9.5107 g of commercially available 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (containing 50% water) was weighed and dissolved in 1 L of acetonitrile. After adding and mixing 5.6 mL of 60% perchloric acid to this solution, ultrapure water was added to prepare a 2 L aqueous solution.
[0021]
[Collection method]
The mainstream cigarette smoke was introduced and collected in one glass collection bottle containing 100 mL of the above-mentioned collection solution. The collected sample solution was filtered through a 0.45 μm PTFE filter, and 4 mL of the solution and 6 mL of a 1% TRIZMA base acetonitrile solution were mixed. The obtained solution was dispensed into glass vials for analysis (2 mL in volume) and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
[0022]
[Equipment analysis]
Quantitative analysis of the carbonyl compound was performed using HPLC (1100 series) manufactured by Agilent.
[0023]
Column: Column for reverse phase analysis (Merck Lichrospher RP-18e)
Mobile phase: gradient of acetonitrile, water, THF, 2-propanol.
[0024]
(1.4) Evaluation of effect of reducing components in smoke Using the above method, each cigarette was repeatedly measured three times, and the average value and standard deviation of the component amounts per cigarette were calculated. For each component, a relative value (%) was calculated when the control was taken as 100, and the statistical significance of the relative value was examined using a t-test.
[0025]
(1.5) Evaluation of reduction effect of carbonyl compound by cigarette to which alkaline aqueous solution containing asparagine was added In Table 1, tobacco cut with an aqueous solution containing 3 wt% NaOH and tobacco cut with an aqueous solution containing 2 wt% Asn were added. The result of evaluating the rate of change of the carbonyl compound in smoke with respect to control cigarettes for cigarettes using cigarette chopped with an alkali (containing 3 wt% NaOH) solution containing 2 wt% Asn or Asn is shown.
[0026]
FIG. 1 shows the results of evaluating the increase / decrease rate of formaldehyde in the smoke of the above cigarette with respect to the control cigarette.
[0027]
By adding the alkaline aqueous solution containing Asn, the formaldehyde reduction effect can be improved about 5 times as compared with the case of adding the Asn aqueous solution, and the same reduction effect can be obtained for other carbonyl compounds. Improvement was observed.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004283107
[0029]
(1.6) Reduction effect of carbonyl compound by cigarette in which Asn addition concentration was changed. Table 2 shows that alkali containing 0.1 to 4 wt% (0.1 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt% or 4 wt%) Asn ( The result of evaluating the rate of change of the carbonyl compound in the smoke with respect to the control cigarette for the cigarette using the tobacco chopped with the aqueous solution (containing 3 wt% NaOH) is shown. FIG. 2 shows the results of evaluating the increase / decrease rate of formaldehyde in smoke with respect to the control cigarette for the same cigarette as described above.
[0030]
From Table 2 and FIG. 2, it was confirmed that when the Asn addition concentration was 0.1 wt% or more, a high carbonyl compound reduction effect could be maintained.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004283107
[0032]
(1.7) Influence of NaOH aqueous solution concentration The same study as in (3.1) was performed by changing the concentration of the NaOH aqueous solution in the range of 0.1 wt% to 3 wt%. As a result, it was found that by adding an amino acid to an aqueous solution of NaOH having a concentration of 1.5% by weight or more and adding it to tobacco, the effect of reducing the carbonyl compound was enhanced. Table 3 shows the results when a 1.5 wt% NaOH aqueous solution was used.
[0033]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004283107
[0034]
(2) Effect of other amino acids (2.1) 150 mg of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) commercially available in cigarette to which an alkaline aqueous solution containing glutamine was added (corresponding to a cutting weight ratio of 3 wt%) and glutamine (hereinafter referred to as Gln) 100 mg (corresponding to a chopping weight ratio of 2 wt%) was weighed and dissolved in 2.5 mL of pure water. The whole amount was uniformly spray-added to 5 g of tobacco cut of domestic yellow seed leaf (X-ODL). A cigarette was trial-produced using the obtained addition time, and the carbonyl compound in the smoke was analyzed in the same manner as described above.
[0035]
Table 4 shows the tobacco cut to which an aqueous solution containing 3 wt% NaOH was added, the tobacco cut to which an aqueous solution containing 2 wt% Gln was added, or the tobacco cut to which an alkaline (containing 3 wt% NaOH) aqueous solution containing 2 wt% Gln was added. The result of having evaluated the rate of change of the carbonyl compound in smoke with respect to the control cigarette about the cigarette using No. 1 is shown.
[0036]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004283107
[0037]
(2.2) When the same test was performed using aspartic acid (hereinafter referred to as Asp), which is a cigarette acidic amino acid to which an alkaline aqueous solution containing aspartic acid was added, the effect of reducing carbonyl compounds was observed. Was. Table 5 shows the results when aspartic acid (Asp) was used.
[0038]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004283107
[0039]
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the formation of a carbonyl compound can be suppressed by adding an amino acid to a tobacco cut in the form of an aqueous alkaline solution.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the increase / decrease rate of formaldehyde in smoke with respect to a control cigarette using a cigarette chopped with an alkaline aqueous solution containing Asn.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the increase / decrease rate of formaldehyde in smoke with respect to a control cigarette using cigarettes to which an aqueous alkali solution containing Asn at various concentrations is added.

Claims (2)

たばこ刻に対し、アミノ酸を含有するアルカリ性水溶液を添加することを特徴とするたばこ刻へのアミノ酸添加方法。A method for adding an amino acid to a tobacco cut, comprising adding an alkaline aqueous solution containing an amino acid to the tobacco cut. たばこ刻に対するアミノ酸の添加量を0.1重量%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のたばこ刻へのアミノ酸添加方法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the amino acid added to the tobacco cut is 0.1% by weight or more.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016203518A1 (en) * 2015-06-15 2016-12-22 日本たばこ産業株式会社 Method for manufacturing sheet tobacco

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016203518A1 (en) * 2015-06-15 2016-12-22 日本たばこ産業株式会社 Method for manufacturing sheet tobacco
JPWO2016203518A1 (en) * 2015-06-15 2017-11-24 日本たばこ産業株式会社 Sheet tobacco manufacturing method

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