JP2004275494A - Medical oxygen enricher - Google Patents

Medical oxygen enricher Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004275494A
JP2004275494A JP2003071806A JP2003071806A JP2004275494A JP 2004275494 A JP2004275494 A JP 2004275494A JP 2003071806 A JP2003071806 A JP 2003071806A JP 2003071806 A JP2003071806 A JP 2003071806A JP 2004275494 A JP2004275494 A JP 2004275494A
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Prior art keywords
air
adsorbent
compressed air
cylinder
steam
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JP2003071806A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kenji Nishimura
謙史 西村
Taizo Magari
泰三 間狩
Toshio Motoki
敏雄 元木
Hideki Kobayashi
英樹 小林
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medical oxygen enricher equipped with a steam separator, capable of efficiently separating moisture contained in compressed air and being sanitarily maintained. <P>SOLUTION: The pressure variation type medical oxygen enricher comprises at least one adsorbent cylinder filled with an adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing nitrogen rather than oxygen, an air compressor for feeding compressed air to the adsorbent cylinder, and the steam separator in the middle of a conduit connecting the air compressor and the adsorbent cylinder for separating condensed water and feeding dehumidified air to the adsorbent cylinder. The steam separator is a cyclone separator. With this structure, steam (condensed water) generated from the compressed air is efficiently removed with the cyclone separator by cooling with heat radiation to cooling wind from a cooling fan in a pipe for introducing high temperature air compressed by the air compressor into the adsorbent cylinder. Further, by feeding the compressed air after removing moisture into the adsorbent cylinder, leakage of the adsorbent is prevented, and therefore, the oxygen enricher in which the adsorbent will not be deteriorated after the long-time use can be provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は空気中から酸素を分離濃縮する酸素濃縮器、特に医療用として在宅で行なわれる酸素吸入療法に使用する圧力変動吸着型の酸素濃縮器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、一般に在宅酸素療法に使用されている圧力変動型の医療用酸素濃縮器(医療用酸素PSA)には、圧縮空気中の窒素を選択的に吸着し、高濃度の酸素を取り出すための窒素分子吸着剤として、合成ゼオライトが広く使用されている。しかしながら、この吸着剤は水分に弱く、水に触れるとその窒素分子吸着能力を失うという問題点と、吸着プロセス温度が高くなるに従って吸着性能が低くなるという問題点がある。このため、高温多湿の場所で医療用酸素濃縮器を運転した場合には、空気圧縮機(エアコンプレッサ)で加圧された空気中に含まれる水分が吸着筒内にて結露し、徐々に吸着剤の劣化が起こり、その結果、酸素濃度の低下が生じるといった重大な問題点がある。
【0003】
一方で吸着筒内での結露防止対策として吸着筒を保温した場合、吸着プロセス温度が高くなるため、本来の吸着性能が実現できないという相反する問題点がある。
【0004】
この課題への対策技術としては、特開2001−104738号公報に示される如く、熱交換器と気水分離器(ドレンセパレータとも称する)を設置し、吸着筒に供給される空気の水分を積極的に分離することが考えられる。しかし市販されるドレンセパレータは内部に樹脂製のエレメントを有する構造であり、水蒸気の捕集効率が低いことに加えて、装置停止状態では、該エレメント部に捕集された水分により、カビが発生する為、極めて不衛生な状態となり、医療用酸素濃縮器用途には適していない。
【0005】
また、膜モジュール方式のドレンセパレータの場合には、圧力損失が大きく、装置の消費電力を悪化させるだけでなく、同様に装置停止状態で膜にカビが発生する為、医療用酸素濃縮器用途には、適していない。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−104738号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
医療用酸素濃縮器用としてのドレンセパレータを開発することが実用上の問題として大きな課題である。本発明は、水蒸気を含んだ圧縮空気が吸着筒に移送される前に、圧縮空気中に含まれる水分を効率良く分離し、かつ、衛生的に維持することが可能な気水分離器を搭載した医療用酸素濃縮器を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、空気圧縮機により圧縮された空気中に含まれる水蒸気を分離する為の気水分離器としてサイクロンを使用することにより、圧縮空気中に含まれる水蒸気成分を小さな圧力損失でも良好な捕集効率を発現し、更にそのシンプルな構造によりサイクロン内部を常に清浄な状態に維持でき、カビ発生を防止できることを見出した。
【0009】
すなわち本発明は、酸素よりも窒素を選択的に吸着し得る吸着剤が充填された少なくとも1個の吸着筒、該吸着筒に圧縮空気を供給するための空気圧縮機、該空気圧縮機と吸着筒を接続する導管の途中に凝縮水を分離し除湿された空気を該吸着筒に供給する気水分離器を有する圧力変動型の医療用酸素濃縮器であって、該気水分離器が、サイクロンであることを特徴とする医療用酸素濃縮器を提供するものである。
【0010】
また本発明は、かかる気水分離器の材質が、銅または銅合金であることを特徴とする医療用酸素濃縮器を提供するものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図1に、本発明の医療用酸素濃縮器の好ましい態様例を示す。本発明の医療用酸素濃縮器では、吸気フィルタを通過して清浄化された原料空気が空気圧縮機によって圧縮され、第1熱交換器へ送られる。
【0012】
この第1熱交換器は、空気圧縮機により供給される約50〜90℃といった高温の圧縮空気を強制冷却することが可能なものである。一般にはフィンチューブが使用可能であるが、プロセスの設計条件に応じて、例えば、銅チューブをコイル状に成型したものや、あるいは、運転条件によっては、通常の配管経路でも放熱が行われ同様の機能を発現するので、汎用の樹脂チューブ配管部分に代用することもできる。この第1熱交換器では、高温の圧縮空気を酸素濃縮器の筐体内温度、例えば30〜40℃に近い温度にまで冷却することが好ましい。
【0013】
該第1熱交換器を通過することによって冷却された圧縮空気は気水分離器へ送られ、凝縮水が分離除去されて、除湿された圧縮空気が得られる。除湿された圧縮空気が第2熱交換器へ送られ、この第2熱交換器内で、除湿後の圧縮空気が加熱される。第2熱交換器は、第1熱交換器により冷却され凝縮水を除去された圧縮空気について、それ以降の経路で結露が発生することを防止するためのものである。該第2熱交換器は、配管経路内の一部に絞り等の流路抵抗をつけることにより、空気は膨張する為、露点が上昇するので、結露対策としては、加熱することと同様の効果を発現させることができるので、この場合は、省略することができる。
【0014】
本発明においては、第1熱交換器にて冷却され、空気中で過飽和状態となることにより、ミスト状の水蒸気となる水分を、サイクロンで分離捕集する。
【0015】
図2は、本発明におけるサイクロンの概略図である。冷却されることによりミスト状の水蒸気を含んだ圧縮空気は、導入管から吹き込まれ、サイクロン内部を旋回しながら、下方の円錐部に下り、漸次中央付近の上昇流に転じて最後に円筒上部の排出管から出て行く。サイクロンは圧縮空気が回転しながら下降する円筒部と、向心回転流動をなす円錐部を備え、圧縮空気中に含まれる水蒸気の粒子は、遠心分級器内におけると同様の作用を受け、壁に向って沈降し器壁に到達した後、円錐面を下降して下部の取り出し口に流れていく。
【0016】
圧縮空気は、円筒状の筒内部に接線方向から流入させ、遠心力を作用させて、ミスト状の水分を除去し、水分を除いた空気は、ベクトルを変換し、中心部の排出管から排出させる。サイクロン下部の円錐形状は、内部で空気のベクトルを変換させる為の形状であり、円錐形状の角度があまり急角度であれば、ミストごと空気を巻き上げてしまい、逆にあまりに緩やかであれば、サイクロンのサイズが大きくなりすぎる。
【0017】
従って、サイクロンの設計数値については、上記理由から円筒下部の円錐角度は、75〜85°程度に設計することが望ましい。円筒上部の長さは、ミストの巻上げを防止する為に、直径の2倍以上を確保することが望ましい。更に排出管は、流入管からの直接的なバイパス流れを防止する為に、流入管下部に対し、Dc/8程度以上長めに構成することが望ましい。
【0018】
サイクロンに流入する接線方向空気流入速度(Vt)については、遠心力は下記式1、
遠心力 = m*Vt/r ・・・・・・・・・・・・式1
(m:質量、Vt:流入速度、r:半径)
で表されることから、遠心力を上げ、ミスト除去効率を上げるためにはVtを大きくする必要がある。従って、導入管の断面積は空気流入速度が10〜50m/sec、好ましくは10〜30m/secとなるように設計する。50m/sec以上のあまり速い流入速度では圧力損失が問題となる。
【0019】
サイクロンは、適応される酸素濃縮器の容量、すなわち、圧縮空気の流量に応じて、上記基準で設計されることが望ましい。表1は、サイクロンの設計例である。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 2004275494
【0021】
サイクロンを金属製で構成する場合、サイクロンの周囲にある一定条件以上の冷却風を流すことにより、圧縮された高温の空気は、サイクロン部で放熱するので、サイクロンは熱交換器の機能も同時に果たすことができる。この場合、省スペース化等の目的で、第1熱交換器を省略することも可能である。
【0022】
通常、サイクロンの下部には、ドレンポットを介し、凝縮水抜き取り用の電磁弁が設置される。ドレンポットに雨滴センサを装備し、電磁弁の開閉を制御する方法が好ましい。また、上記の装置構成の代わりに、サイクロン下部に機械式のドレントラップを設置し、装置構成することも可能である。
【0023】
凝縮水の処理方法としては、吸着筒からの排気空気に添加し、濃縮器からの排気空気の加湿水分として処理する方法が一般的であるが、コンプレッサの運転温度を下げることにより効率を上げる目的で、コンプレッサの高温部分である、シリンダ等に吹き付けることにより、周囲雰囲気中に蒸発処理する方法もある。
【0024】
防カビ性を担保する為、かかるサイクロンは、銅または銅合金で製造することが好ましい。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
圧力変動型の医療用酸素濃縮器において、空気圧縮機により圧縮された高温の空気を吸着筒に導入する為の配管経路で、冷却ファンによる冷却風への放熱による冷却により、圧縮空気から発生した水蒸気(結露水)をサイクロンで効率良く除去し、水分を除去した後の圧縮空気を吸着筒に送り込むことにより、吸着剤の水濡れを防止し、これによって長期間使用しても吸着剤の劣化がない酸素濃縮器を実現できる。
【0026】
また、該サイクロンの材質を銅系の合金により構成することにより、結露水にカビや細菌の発生を防止でき、衛生的かつ、長期性能安定性の高い酸素濃縮器を実現できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の2筒式酸素濃縮器の概略構成図。
【図2】本発明のサイクロンの概略図。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oxygen concentrator for separating and concentrating oxygen from air, and more particularly to a pressure fluctuation adsorption type oxygen concentrator used for oxygen inhalation therapy performed at home for medical use.
[0002]
[Prior art]
At present, a pressure-variable medical oxygen concentrator (medical oxygen PSA) generally used for home oxygen therapy is provided with nitrogen for selectively adsorbing nitrogen in compressed air and extracting high-concentration oxygen. Synthetic zeolites are widely used as molecular adsorbents. However, this adsorbent is susceptible to moisture and loses its ability to adsorb nitrogen molecules when it comes into contact with water, and has the problem that its adsorption performance decreases as the adsorption process temperature increases. For this reason, when the medical oxygen concentrator is operated in a hot and humid place, the moisture contained in the air pressurized by the air compressor (air compressor) condenses in the adsorption cylinder and gradually adsorbs. There is a serious problem that the agent deteriorates, and as a result, the oxygen concentration decreases.
[0003]
On the other hand, when the adsorption cylinder is kept warm as a measure to prevent dew condensation in the adsorption cylinder, there is a contradictory problem that the original adsorption performance cannot be realized because the adsorption process temperature becomes high.
[0004]
As a technique for solving this problem, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-104738, a heat exchanger and a steam separator (also referred to as a drain separator) are installed, and the moisture of the air supplied to the adsorption column is actively reduced. It is considered that they are separated from each other. However, commercially available drain separators have a structure with a resin element inside, and in addition to the low water vapor collection efficiency, mold is generated by the water collected in the element when the device is stopped. Therefore, it becomes extremely unsanitary and is not suitable for medical oxygen concentrator applications.
[0005]
In the case of a membrane module type drain separator, pressure loss is large, not only deteriorating the power consumption of the device, but also causing mold on the membrane when the device is stopped. Is not suitable.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-104738 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Developing a drain separator for medical oxygen concentrators is a major problem as a practical problem. The present invention is equipped with a steam-water separator that can efficiently separate the moisture contained in the compressed air before the compressed air containing the water vapor is transferred to the adsorption column, and maintain it in a sanitary manner. It is an object of the present invention to provide a medical oxygen concentrator that has been improved.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
By using a cyclone as a steam-water separator for separating steam contained in air compressed by an air compressor, the present inventors have succeeded in reducing the steam component contained in compressed air even with a small pressure loss. It has been found that a high trapping efficiency is exhibited, and that the simple structure of the cyclone keeps the inside of the cyclone clean at all times, thereby preventing the occurrence of mold.
[0009]
That is, the present invention provides at least one adsorption cylinder filled with an adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing nitrogen rather than oxygen, an air compressor for supplying compressed air to the adsorption cylinder, and an air compressor for adsorbing compressed air to the adsorption cylinder. A pressure-variable medical oxygen concentrator having a steam-water separator that supplies condensed water and dehumidified air to the adsorption tube in the middle of a conduit connecting the tubes, wherein the steam-water separator is A medical oxygen concentrator characterized by being a cyclone.
[0010]
The present invention also provides a medical oxygen concentrator, wherein the material of the steam separator is copper or a copper alloy.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the medical oxygen concentrator of the present invention. In the medical oxygen concentrator according to the present invention, the raw air that has been cleaned by passing through the intake filter is compressed by the air compressor and sent to the first heat exchanger.
[0012]
The first heat exchanger is capable of forcibly cooling compressed air having a high temperature of about 50 to 90 ° C. supplied by an air compressor. Generally, a fin tube can be used, but depending on the design conditions of the process, for example, a copper tube molded into a coil shape, or depending on operating conditions, heat is dissipated even in a normal piping path and the same Since it exhibits the function, it can be substituted for a general-purpose resin tube piping portion. In the first heat exchanger, it is preferable to cool the high-temperature compressed air to a temperature inside the housing of the oxygen concentrator, for example, a temperature close to 30 to 40 ° C.
[0013]
The compressed air cooled by passing through the first heat exchanger is sent to a steam separator, where condensed water is separated and removed to obtain dehumidified compressed air. The dehumidified compressed air is sent to the second heat exchanger, and the dehumidified compressed air is heated in the second heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger is for preventing the compressed air, which has been cooled by the first heat exchanger and from which the condensed water has been removed, from causing dew condensation on the subsequent path. The second heat exchanger is provided with a flow path resistance such as a restrictor in a part of the piping path, so that the air expands and the dew point rises. Can be expressed, and in this case, it can be omitted.
[0014]
In the present invention, water that is cooled in the first heat exchanger and becomes supersaturated in the air to become mist-like water vapor is separated and collected by the cyclone.
[0015]
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cyclone in the present invention. Compressed air containing mist-like water vapor is blown from the introduction pipe by cooling, descends to the lower conical part while turning inside the cyclone, gradually turns into ascending flow near the center, and finally at the upper part of the cylinder Get out of the drain. The cyclone has a cylindrical part in which the compressed air rotates and descends, and a conical part that makes a centrifugal rotational flow.The water vapor particles contained in the compressed air are subjected to the same action as in the centrifugal classifier, and are attached to the wall. After sinking down and reaching the vessel wall, it descends the conical surface and flows to the lower outlet.
[0016]
Compressed air flows into the inside of the cylindrical tube from the tangential direction, applies centrifugal force to remove mist-like water, and the air from which the water has been removed converts the vector and is discharged from the central discharge pipe. Let it. The conical shape at the bottom of the cyclone is a shape for converting the air vector inside, and if the angle of the conical shape is too steep, the air will be wound up with the mist, and if it is too gentle, the cyclone will be Size is too large.
[0017]
Therefore, regarding the design value of the cyclone, it is desirable to design the conical angle of the lower part of the cylinder to be about 75 to 85 ° for the above reason. It is desirable that the length of the upper part of the cylinder be at least twice the diameter in order to prevent the mist from being wound up. Further, it is desirable that the discharge pipe is configured to be longer than the lower part of the inflow pipe by about Dc / 8 or more in order to prevent a direct bypass flow from the inflow pipe.
[0018]
For the tangential air inflow velocity (Vt) flowing into the cyclone, the centrifugal force is given by the following equation (1).
Centrifugal force = m * Vt 2 / r Equation 1
(M: mass, Vt: inflow velocity, r: radius)
In order to increase the centrifugal force and the mist removal efficiency, it is necessary to increase Vt. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of the introduction pipe is designed so that the air inflow speed is 10 to 50 m / sec, preferably 10 to 30 m / sec. At a very high inflow speed of 50 m / sec or more, pressure loss becomes a problem.
[0019]
The cyclone is desirably designed based on the above-mentioned criteria according to the capacity of the oxygen concentrator to be adapted, that is, the flow rate of the compressed air. Table 1 is a design example of a cyclone.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004275494
[0021]
When the cyclone is made of metal, the compressed high-temperature air radiates heat in the cyclone part by flowing cooling air over a certain condition around the cyclone, so the cyclone also functions as a heat exchanger at the same time. be able to. In this case, the first heat exchanger may be omitted for the purpose of saving space and the like.
[0022]
Normally, a solenoid valve for removing condensed water is provided below the cyclone via a drain pot. A preferred method is to equip the drain pot with a raindrop sensor and control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve. Further, instead of the above-described apparatus configuration, a mechanical drain trap may be provided below the cyclone to configure the apparatus.
[0023]
A common method of treating condensed water is to add it to the exhaust air from the adsorption column and treat it as humidified moisture in the exhaust air from the concentrator, but to increase efficiency by lowering the operating temperature of the compressor Then, there is also a method of performing an evaporating process in an ambient atmosphere by spraying a high temperature portion of a compressor, such as a cylinder.
[0024]
In order to ensure mold resistance, the cyclone is preferably made of copper or a copper alloy.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
In a pressure-variable medical oxygen concentrator, a piping route for introducing high-temperature air compressed by an air compressor to an adsorption column, generated from compressed air by cooling due to heat radiation to cooling air by a cooling fan Efficiently removes water vapor (condensed water) with a cyclone, and sends compressed air from which moisture has been removed to the adsorption column to prevent the adsorbent from getting wet, thereby deteriorating the adsorbent even after long-term use. An oxygen concentrator without any components can be realized.
[0026]
Further, by forming the material of the cyclone with a copper-based alloy, it is possible to prevent the generation of mold and bacteria in the dew water, and to realize an oxygen concentrator that is hygienic and has high long-term performance stability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a two-cylinder oxygen concentrator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cyclone of the present invention.

Claims (2)

酸素よりも窒素を選択的に吸着し得る吸着剤が充填された少なくとも1個の吸着筒、該吸着筒に圧縮空気を供給するための空気圧縮機、該空気圧縮機と吸着筒を接続する導管の途中に凝縮水を分離し除湿された空気を該吸着筒に供給する気水分離器を有する圧力変動型の医療用酸素濃縮器であって、該気水分離器が、サイクロンであることを特徴とする医療用酸素濃縮器。At least one adsorption cylinder filled with an adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing nitrogen rather than oxygen, an air compressor for supplying compressed air to the adsorption cylinder, and a conduit connecting the air compressor and the adsorption cylinder A pressure-variable medical oxygen concentrator having a steam-water separator for supplying condensed water and dehumidified air to the adsorption column in the middle of the process, wherein the steam-water separator is a cyclone. Characteristic medical oxygen concentrator. 該気水分離器の材質が、銅または銅合金であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の医療用酸素濃縮器。The medical oxygen concentrator according to claim 1, wherein a material of the steam separator is copper or a copper alloy.
JP2003071806A 2003-03-17 2003-03-17 Medical oxygen enricher Pending JP2004275494A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009018083A (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-29 Ihi Corp Oxygen concentrator
JP2009297652A (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-24 Panasonic Corp Dust removal apparatus
JP2010158600A (en) * 2009-01-06 2010-07-22 Panasonic Corp Dust collector
JP2010188283A (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-09-02 Kawata Mfg Co Ltd Cyclone device and fine powder removal method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009018083A (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-29 Ihi Corp Oxygen concentrator
JP2009297652A (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-24 Panasonic Corp Dust removal apparatus
JP2010158600A (en) * 2009-01-06 2010-07-22 Panasonic Corp Dust collector
JP2010188283A (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-09-02 Kawata Mfg Co Ltd Cyclone device and fine powder removal method

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