JP2004274972A - Cable-less power supply apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cable-less power supply apparatus that does not require a power source, a charging device, or a charging cable, that improves flexibility in installation, and that is capable of supplying electric power even in a power failure. <P>SOLUTION: This cable-less power supply apparatus consists of an antenna 1, a tuning circuit 2 that is tuned to a particular frequency with the antenna 1, a rectifier circuit 3 that converts an AC transmitted via the antenna 1 and the tuning circuit 2 into an DC, and an electric double layer capacitor 4 that stores the electric energy converted into the DC by the rectifier circuit 3. The electric power stored in the capacitor 4 from the antenna 1 via the tuning circuit 2 and the rectifier circuit 3 is supplied to a load device 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cableless power supply that collects electromagnetic energy existing in a space, stores the current in an electric double layer capacitor, and supplies the electric energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor to a load device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a substation or the like, a circuit breaker must be opened and closed even when a power outage occurs in the substation. Therefore, it is necessary to supply control power to the circuit breaker even in the event of a power outage, and a backup power supply is required. In addition, since the UPS is responsible for supplying a constant voltage power to the load even at the time of power failure or momentary voltage drop, a backup power supply at the time of power failure or voltage drop is required.
[0003]
FIG. 8 shows an example of a conventional backup power supply installed for such a purpose.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 8, the conventional backup power supply device includes a battery unit 85 including a charging device 82 and a plurality of battery cells 84, and power is supplied from a power supply 81 to the charging device 82. The DC converted power is output to the battery unit 85 and the load device 83.
[0005]
Here, power is supplied from the power supply 81 to the charging device 82 via a charging cable 86. The terminal voltage of the battery cell 84 is as low as DC 1.2 V to DC 2.0 V, but the DC voltage of the battery unit 85 is usually a high voltage such as DC 24 V, DC 48 V, and DC 110 V. The battery unit 85 is configured by being connected.
[0006]
Next, the operation of the conventional backup power supply will be described.
[0007]
As the load device 83, a device such as a UPS or a circuit breaker that needs to be operated even during a power failure is assumed. When the power supply 81 is healthy, the electric power converted into DC by the charging device 82 from the power supply 81 is supplied to the load device 83.
[0008]
On the other hand, when the power supply 81 loses power or a momentary voltage drop occurs, the output of the charging device 82 is cut off accordingly, so that power is supplied from the battery unit 85 to the load device 83. In this way, even when the power supply 81 has lost power or a momentary voltage drop has occurred, it is possible to continue to supply power to the load device 83 without interruption.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-343225
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-217250
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional backup power supply uses the battery unit 85 as a power storage element, and the self-discharge rate of the battery unit 85 is large, so that it is necessary to always supply power sufficient to self-discharge. That is, it is necessary to always charge the battery unit 85 from the power supply 81 via the charging device 82 to store the necessary power during a power failure. Further, since it is necessary to lay a charging cable 86 for supplying power from the power supply 81 to the charging device 82, the backup power supply device is subject to installation restrictions.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and uses an electric double layer capacitor having a lower self-discharge rate than a battery as a power storage element, and collects electromagnetic energy existing in a space with an antenna to collect electric power. By storing power in the multilayer capacitor and supplying power to the load device, it is possible to eliminate the need for a power supply, a charging device and a charging cable, thereby improving the degree of freedom in installation, and to supply power to the load device even during a power failure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cableless power supply device capable of performing the above.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The cableless power supply device according to the present invention has an antenna that collects electromagnetic energy existing in a space, a rectifier that converts the electromagnetic energy collected by the antenna into a DC current, and a DC that is converted into DC by the rectifier. And an electric double-layer capacitor for storing electric energy.
[0014]
As described above, according to the cableless power supply device according to the present invention, since the electromagnetic energy existing as electromagnetic waves in the space is collected and stored as electric energy in the electric double layer, the power supply, the charging device, and the charging cable are used. And the degree of freedom of installation can be improved.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a cableless power supply device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
[0016]
FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the cableless power supply device is transmitted via an antenna 1, a tuning circuit 2 that tunes to a specific frequency together with the antenna 1, and the antenna 1 and the tuning circuit 2. A rectifier circuit 3 for converting an alternating current into a direct current, and an electric double layer capacitor 4 for storing the electric energy converted into a direct current by the rectifier circuit 3. The electric double layer capacitor is transmitted from the antenna 1 via the tuning circuit 2 and the rectifier circuit 3. The electric power stored in 4 is supplied to the load device 5.
[0018]
The load device 5 may be a DC load, or may be a device in which an inverter is connected to an AC load to supply DC power. Further, the tuning circuit 2 is provided as needed, and is not always necessary.
[0019]
Here, the antenna 1 collects electromagnetic energy existing as electromagnetic waves in the space, and has a shape such as a rod antenna, a parabolic antenna, or the like that can collect current most efficiently according to the characteristics of the electromagnetic waves existing in the space near the installation location. An antenna 1 is used.
[0020]
The tuning circuit 2 is provided for selectively and efficiently collecting electromagnetic energy of a specific frequency from various electromagnetic waves existing in the space by tuning to a specific frequency in cooperation with the antenna 1. Things.
[0021]
FIG. 2A shows an example of the tuning circuit 2.
[0022]
In this example, the tuning circuit 2 includes a reactor 21 and a capacitor 22, and changes the capacitance of the capacitor 22 to change the resonance frequency of the circuit, and selectively collects electromagnetic waves having the resonance frequency.
[0023]
The present invention collects and accumulates electromagnetic waves flying in the space as electric energy and does not extract signals carried by the electromagnetic waves. Therefore, as shown in FIG. It may be omitted.
[0024]
The rectifier circuit 3 converts AC power transmitted through the antenna 1 and the tuning circuit 2 into DC power so that it can be stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4. You can use
[0025]
The electric double layer capacitor 4 stores the electric energy converted into direct current by the rectifier circuit 3. Here, when the electric energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 increases, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 4 also increases, and when the terminal voltage increases, the loss in the electric double layer capacitor 4 increases due to self-discharge. Therefore, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 4 balances the power collected by the antenna 1 and the tuning circuit 2 and supplied to the electric double layer capacitor 4 via the rectifier circuit 3 and the loss in the electric double layer capacitor 4. To the value you want. That is, the power stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 is balanced with a value at which supply and loss are balanced.
[0026]
When the antenna 1 collects electromagnetic energy existing as electromagnetic waves in the space, the collected electric energy is supplied to the load device 5 as a direct current through the tuning circuit 2 and the rectifier circuit 3, and the antenna 1 When the electromagnetic energy cannot be sufficiently collected, the electric power stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 is supplied to the load device 5.
[0027]
Here, the DC power is supplied from the cableless power supply to the load device 5 irrespective of the presence or absence of the power failure. However, it goes without saying that the cableless power supply may be used as a backup power only at the time of the power failure.
[0028]
Next, FIG. 3 shows an example in which the antenna 1 is used by tuning it to the commercial power frequency in the present embodiment.
[0029]
This is because the antenna 1 tuned at the commercial frequency efficiently collects electromagnetic energy radiated as electromagnetic waves 8 at the commercial frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) from a transformer or a power cable at a substation and wasted in the space. Is what you do.
[0030]
Here, the antenna 1 is installed near the transformer 61, the electromagnetic wave 8 from the transformer 61 is collected, stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 via the tuning circuit 2 and the rectifier circuit 3, and Power as a DC power supply.
[0031]
Subsequently, FIG. 4 shows an example in which the antenna 1 is used in this embodiment in synchronization with the switching frequency of the inverter 62.
[0032]
As is well known, a power converter such as an inverter emits electromagnetic waves 8 having a switching frequency of a switching circuit for driving the inverter or the like around the power converter and wastes its energy. Here, the antenna 1 is installed in the vicinity of the inverter 62, and the electromagnetic wave 8 of the switching frequency that is wastefully radiated from the inverter 62 into the space is efficiently collected by the antenna 1 tuned at the switching frequency. The collected power is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 via the tuning circuit 2 and the rectifier circuit 3 and is supplied to the load device 5 as DC power.
[0033]
Similarly, from a power converter such as an inverter, an electromagnetic wave 8 of a switching surge frequency of a switching circuit for driving the inverter or the like is radiated around the power converter, and the energy is wasted. Therefore, in FIG. 4, the antenna 1 may be installed near the inverter 62, and the electromagnetic wave 8 of the switching surge frequency wastefully radiated from the inverter 62 may be collected by the antenna 1 tuned at the switching surge frequency. .
[0034]
As described above, according to the first embodiment, when the antenna 1 collects electromagnetic energy existing as electromagnetic waves in space, the collected electric energy is supplied to the DC current through the tuning circuit 2 and the rectifier circuit 3. When the antenna 1 cannot sufficiently collect the electromagnetic energy, the power stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 is supplied to the load device 5. Therefore, power can be supplied to the load device 5 even during a power outage, so that the load device 5 can function as a backup power supply.
[0035]
In addition, since the electromagnetic energy existing in the space as the electromagnetic wave 6 is collected, stored as electric energy in the electric double layer capacitor 4 and supplied to the load device 5, the power supply 81, the charging device 82, the charging cable 86 Is eliminated, and the restriction such as cable routing is eliminated, so that the degree of freedom in installation can be improved.
[0036]
Further, by tuning the antenna 1 to a commercial frequency, a switching frequency, or a switching surge frequency, electromagnetic energy radiated from power devices such as the transformer 61 and the inverter 62 can be efficiently collected. Electromagnetic energy that has been wastedly radiated into space can be effectively used.
[0037]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 shows the overall configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 5, the present embodiment is obtained by adding an electromagnetic wave generator 6 to the configuration of the first embodiment.
[0039]
As described above, in the cableless power supply device according to the first embodiment, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 4 increases in loss as the voltage increases. Therefore, the power that can be stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 balances the power collected by the antenna 1 and the tuning circuit 2 and supplied to the electric double layer capacitor 4 via the rectifier circuit 3 and the loss in the electric double layer capacitor 4. Is limited to
[0040]
In the second embodiment, when the electric power stored in the electric double layer capacitor 4 is not enough, in other words, when the electromagnetic energy existing in the space is not enough and the power to be collected by the antenna 1 is not enough, the antenna 1 The electromagnetic wave generator 6 is installed in the vicinity of the antenna 1 to supply insufficient power to the antenna 1 in the form of an electromagnetic wave 8.
[0041]
In the case where the antenna 1 is tuned to a commercial frequency, a switching frequency, or a switching surge frequency to efficiently collect electromagnetic energy radiated from power devices such as the transformer 61 and the inverter 62, an electromagnetic wave generator is further provided. Needless to say, the antenna 6 may be installed near the antenna 1.
[0042]
As described above, according to the second embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, even when energy sufficient to drive the load device 5 cannot be collected from the space near the antenna 1, By installing the electromagnetic wave generator 6 in the vicinity, it is possible to collect the necessary power with the antenna 1 and to store sufficient power for driving the load device 5 with the electric double layer capacitor 4. The effect that can be obtained is obtained.
[0043]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6A shows the entire configuration of the third embodiment of the present invention.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 6A, this embodiment is obtained by adding a voltage clamp circuit 7 in parallel to the electric double layer capacitor 4 to the configuration of the first embodiment. FIG. 6B shows an example of the voltage clamp circuit 7.
[0045]
In this embodiment, a zener diode 10 and a resistor 11 are connected in series to prevent the zener diode 10 from being turned on when the voltage exceeds a predetermined value, and preventing the voltage from rising to a predetermined voltage or higher.
[0046]
As described above, in the cableless power supply according to the first embodiment, the loss increases as the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 4 increases. Therefore, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 4 balances the power collected by the antenna 1 and the tuning circuit 2 and supplied to the electric double layer capacitor 4 via the rectifier circuit 3 and the loss in the electric double layer capacitor 4. Rise to the point.
[0047]
In the third embodiment, when the power collected by the antenna 1 is too large and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 4 is too high, a voltage clamp circuit is provided in parallel with the electric double layer capacitor 4 for overvoltage protection. 7 is added.
[0048]
In the case where the antenna 1 is tuned to a commercial frequency, a switching frequency, or a switching surge frequency to efficiently collect electromagnetic energy radiated from power devices such as the transformer 61 and the inverter 62, overvoltage protection is further provided. Therefore, it goes without saying that the voltage clamp circuit 7 may be added in parallel with the electric double layer capacitor 4.
[0049]
As described above, according to the third embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the voltage clamp circuit 7 suppresses the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 4 to the rated voltage or less, and then loads the load device. The effect is obtained that sufficient power for driving can be stored.
[0050]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 shows the overall configuration of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[0051]
As shown in FIG. 7, in the present embodiment, the cableless power supply device having the circuit configuration shown in the first embodiment is connected in series at the electric double layer capacitor 4.
[0052]
In FIG. 7, the electric double layer capacitor unit 12 is configured by connecting the electric double layer capacitors 4 in series. The electric double layer capacitor unit 12 adjusts the output voltage to be suitable for supplying power to the load device 5 by increasing or decreasing the number of electric double layer capacitors 4 connected in series. Alternatively, a DC / DC converter may be connected between the electric double layer capacitor unit 12 and the load device 5, and the output voltage of the electric double layer capacitor unit 12 may be converted by the DC / DC converter and supplied to the load device 5. Good.
[0053]
As described above, according to the third embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the output voltage of the electric double layer capacitor unit 12 can be adjusted to a voltage level suitable for the load device 5, and Since power is stored in the plurality of electric double-layer capacitors 4, an effect that sufficient stored power and output can be ensured can be obtained.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the cableless power supply device according to the present invention, the electromagnetic energy existing as electromagnetic waves in the space is collected, stored in the electric double layer as electric energy, and power is supplied to the load device. In addition, since there is no restriction such as cable routing, a power source, a charging device and a charging cable are not required, so that the degree of freedom in installation can be improved, and power can be supplied to the load device even during a power failure.
[0055]
In addition, since it is possible to collect electromagnetic energy radiated from power equipment such as transformers and inverters into the surrounding space as electromagnetic waves, it is necessary to effectively utilize electromagnetic energy that was previously wasted in the surrounding space. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A shows an example of a tuning circuit 2, and FIG. 2B shows a case where the tuning circuit is omitted.
FIG. 3 shows an example in which the antenna 1 is used in synchronization with a commercial power frequency in the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows an example in which the antenna 1 is used in synchronization with the switching frequency of the inverter 62 in the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 shows an overall configuration of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6A shows an entire configuration of a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B shows an example of a voltage clamp circuit 7.
FIG. 7 shows an overall configuration of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows an example of a conventional backup power supply.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 antenna 2 tuning circuit 3 rectifier circuit 4 electric double layer capacitor 5 load device 6 electromagnetic wave generator 7 voltage clamp circuit 12 electric double layer capacitor unit

Claims (7)

An antenna that collects electromagnetic energy that exists in space,
Rectifying means for converting the electromagnetic energy collected by the antenna to a direct current,
An electric double-layer capacitor that stores electric energy converted into direct current by the rectifier,
A cable-less power supply device comprising: The cableless power supply according to claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic wave generator that generates electromagnetic waves and supplies electromagnetic energy to the antenna. The cable-less power supply device according to claim 1, wherein a voltage clamp circuit is added to the electric double-layer capacitor. The cableless power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the antenna is tuned to a commercial power supply frequency and installed near a power device. The cableless power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the antenna is tuned to a specific switching frequency and installed near a power converter driven at the specific switching frequency. apparatus. The cableless power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the antenna is tuned to a switching surge frequency, and is installed near a power converter that generates the switching surge. The cable-less power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of the electric double layer capacitors are connected in series.

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