JP2004267125A - Method for producing red koji - Google Patents

Method for producing red koji Download PDF

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JP2004267125A
JP2004267125A JP2003063678A JP2003063678A JP2004267125A JP 2004267125 A JP2004267125 A JP 2004267125A JP 2003063678 A JP2003063678 A JP 2003063678A JP 2003063678 A JP2003063678 A JP 2003063678A JP 2004267125 A JP2004267125 A JP 2004267125A
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Prior art keywords
rice
content
koji
monacolin
glutinous
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JP2003063678A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Gen Kikuchi
原 菊地
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Tsumura and Co
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Tsumura and Co
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing red koji having a high monacolin K content. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing red koji comprises preparing red koji by using a rice having ≤15% amylose content in starch as a raw material for preparing koji, e.g. glutinous unpolished rice. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コレステロール低下作用を有するモナコリンKを多く含有する紅麹の製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
紅麹は穀類にモナスカス(Monascus)属の菌株を繁殖させた麹である。紅麹はコレステロール低下作用を有するモナコリンKを生産することが知られ(例えば、特許文献1)、また、紅麹自体にもコレステロール低下作用があることが知られている(例えば、特許文献2)。
【0003】
このような知見から、紅麹の作用は主にモナコリンKによると考えられ、モナコリンK含量が高い紅麹を製造する方法が望まれている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特公昭59−25599号公報
【特許文献2】
特公昭60−44914号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、モナコリンK含量が高い紅麹を製造する方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、前記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、製麹原料として、デンプン中のアミロース含量が15%以下である米を用いて製麹することにより、モナコリンK含量が高い紅麹が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
即ち、本発明は以下の発明を包含する。
(1)製麹原料として、デンプン中のアミロース含量が15%以下である米を用いて製麹することを特徴とする紅麹の製造法。
(2)デンプン中のアミロース含量が15%以下である米がもち米玄米である前記(1)に記載の製造法。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における製麹方法としては、本来の麹製造法である固体培養法を用いることができる。
【0009】
本発明に用いる製麹原料としては、デンプン中のアミロース含量が15%以下である米であれば、特に制限はないが、デンプン中のアミロース含量が0〜12%である米が好ましく、デンプン中のアミロース含量が0%である米が更に好ましい。
【0010】
デンプン中のアミロース含量が15%以下である米としては、例えば、もち米玄米、ミルキークイーン、ソフト158が挙げられ、またそれらを割砕、脱脂、エクストルーダー処理等の加工を施したものを用いることができ、更にこれら原料の混合物や金属塩・ビタミン類を添加したものを用いてもよい。
【0011】
なお、本発明におけるデンプン中のアミロース含量とは、(福森郁哉, 三島隆. 古代米の品種改良とデンプンの分子構造変化に関する研究. 三重大学生物資源学部附属農場研究報告. 2002, 13, 30−36)に示されている、ヨウ素電流滴定法あるいはGPC法により得られた含量をいう。
【0012】
本発明に用いる紅麹の菌株としては、モナスカス(Monascus)属に属し、モナコリンKを生産する能力を有するものであれば如何なるものを用いてもよく、具体的には、モナスカス・ピローサス(Monascus pilosus)IFO4520、IFO4480、モナスカス・プビゲレス(Monascus pubigerus)IFO4521、モナスカス・パープレウス(Monascus purpureus)ATCC16385、モナスカス・エスピー(Monascus sp.)ATCC16370、これらの変異株が例示できる。
【0013】
紅麹を得るための製麹期間(培養日数)は通常5日間以上である。培養温度は、菌が原料に繁殖するまでの期間(製麹初期)は20〜40℃であることが好ましく、それ以降の培養期間(製麹後期)は、好ましくは27℃以下、更に好ましくは20〜26℃とする。
【0014】
前記した条件下における培養総日数は、通常5日間以上、好ましくは20日以上とする。
【0015】
このようにして得られる紅麹は、モナコリンKを大量に含む麹として、本来の用途である味噌等の醸造食品の原料として、また、菌及び酵素の失活物、乾燥物、乾燥粉砕物、抽出エキス、抽出エキス濃縮物、抽出エキス粉末などのような加工物として各種食品、ドリンク等に適量添加し、或いは、そのままサプリメント等として用い、モナコリンKの作用を発現させる健康食品、食材とすることができる。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0017】
以下の実施例及び比較例において、モナコリンK含量は、紅麹粉末に10倍量の60%メタノールを加え攪拌しながら15分間抽出する操作を3回繰り返し、抽出液を合わせたものを、HPLCにより次の条件で測定した。
(モナコリンKのHPLC測定条件)
カラム: TSK−gel ODS 80Ts(4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm, 粒子径5μm)
カラム温度:50℃付近の一定温度
移動相:0.1Mリン酸/メタノール/アセトニトリル混液(4:4:3)
流量:約1.0mL/分
測定波長:237nm
【0018】
(実施例1及び比較例1〜4)
もち米玄米(実施例1)、粳くず米(比較例1)、粳胚芽米(比較例2)、粳米玄米(比較例3)、粳精白米(比較例4)を用いて、モナコリンK産生量を比較した。
I.方法
使用菌株:モナスカス・ピローサス(Monascus pilosus)IFO4520
試料調製:100mLコルベンに含水率を35%に調節した各試料を約20g入れ、110℃で10分間オートクレーブ滅菌した。接種は、予め前記菌株を十分生長させておいたPDA(ポテトデキストロース寒天)プレートからコルクボーラーで10個切り抜き、イノキュラムとした。培養は、初期の7日間は35℃、その後25℃で16、22、37日間培養し、HPLCにてモナコリンK含量を計測した。実験は3反復で実施した。なお、モナコリンKは酸型とラクトン型があるが、ラクトン型のみを定量した。
【0019】
II.結果
25℃で22日間、合計29日間培養したときのモナコリンK含量の産生状況を表1に示した。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 2004267125
【0021】
粳くず米(比較例1)、粳胚芽米(比較例2)、粳米玄米(比較例3)、粳精白米(比較例4)のモナコリンK含量は、それぞれ0.052%、0.015%、0.100%、0.003%であったが、原料にもち米玄米(実施例1)を使用することにより含量は0.263%と顕著に増加した。
また、25℃で16、22、37日間培養後、モナコリンK含量を調査したところ、すべての条件でもち米玄米のモナコリンK含量が最も高かった(図1)。
【0022】
以上の結果から、もち米玄米を使用することによってモナコリンK高含量の紅麹を生産することが示唆された。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、モナコリンK含量が高い紅麹を製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】モナスカス・ピローサス(Monascus pilosus)IFO4520を用いた場合の米の種類とモナコリンK含量との関係を示す図である。16日、22日及び37日のそれぞれのカラムは、左から順にもち米玄米(実施例1)、粳くず米(比較例1)、粳胚芽米(比較例2)、粳米玄米(比較例3)、粳精白米(比較例4)を表す。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing red yeast rice which contains a large amount of monacolin K having a cholesterol lowering effect.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Monascus is a koji obtained by breeding a strain of the genus Monascus on cereals. Red yeast rice is known to produce monacolin K having a cholesterol-lowering effect (for example, Patent Document 1), and red yeast rice itself is also known to have a cholesterol-lowering effect (for example, Patent Document 2). .
[0003]
From such findings, it is considered that the action of red yeast rice is mainly due to monacolin K, and a method for producing red yeast rice having high monacolin K content is desired.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-B-59-25599 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-44914 [0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing red yeast rice having a high monacolin K content.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, as a koji-making raw material, koji-making using rice having an amylose content of 15% or less in starch has a high monacolin K content. They found that red yeast rice was obtained, and completed the present invention.
[0007]
That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
(1) A method for producing red yeast rice, which comprises using rice having an amylose content of 15% or less in starch as a raw material for koji production.
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the rice having an amylose content of 15% or less in starch is glutinous brown rice.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As the koji making method in the present invention, a solid culture method which is an original koji manufacturing method can be used.
[0009]
The koji-making raw material used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the rice has an amylose content of 15% or less in starch, but rice having an amylose content of 0 to 12% in starch is preferable. Rice having an amylose content of 0% is more preferred.
[0010]
Examples of the rice having an amylose content of 15% or less in starch include glutinous rice brown rice, milky queen, and soft 158, and those obtained by subjecting them to processing such as cracking, degreasing, and extruder processing are used. It is also possible to use a mixture of these raw materials or a material to which a metal salt or vitamin is added.
[0011]
The amylose content of the starch in the present invention is defined as (Ikuya Fukumori, Takashi Mishima. Studies on breeding of ancient rice and changes in molecular structure of starch. Research report of the farm attached to the Faculty of Natural Resources and Materials, 2002, 13, 30- 36) refers to the content obtained by iodine amperometric titration or GPC.
[0012]
As the strain of Monascus used in the present invention, any strain may be used as long as it belongs to the genus Monascus and has the ability to produce monacolin K. Specifically, Monascus pilosus can be used. ) IFO4520, IFO4480, Monascus pubiguerus IFO4521, Monascus purpureus ATCC16385, Monascus sp. ATCC16370, and mutants thereof.
[0013]
The koji making period (culturing days) for obtaining red yeast rice is usually 5 days or more. The cultivation temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C. during the period until the bacteria propagate on the raw material (early koji making), and the subsequent culturing period (late koji making) is preferably 27 ° C. or lower, more preferably 20-26 ° C.
[0014]
The total number of culture days under the conditions described above is usually 5 days or more, preferably 20 days or more.
[0015]
The red yeast rice obtained in this way is a koji containing a large amount of monacolin K, as a raw material for brewed foods such as miso, which is the original use, and also for inactivated bacteria and enzymes, dried products, dried and crushed products, Extracts, extract extract concentrates, processed foods such as extract powders, etc. are added to various foods, drinks, etc. in appropriate amounts, or used as supplements, etc., as health foods and foods that express the action of monacolin K. Can be.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0017]
In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the content of monacolin K was determined by repeating the operation of adding 10 times the volume of 60% methanol to red yeast rice powder and extracting for 15 minutes with stirring three times, and combining the extracts by HPLC. The measurement was performed under the following conditions.
(HPLC conditions for monacolin K)
Column: TSK-gel ODS 80Ts (4.6 mm id × 150 mm, particle diameter 5 μm)
Column temperature: constant temperature around 50 ° C Mobile phase: 0.1 M phosphoric acid / methanol / acetonitrile mixture (4: 4: 3)
Flow rate: about 1.0 mL / min Measurement wavelength: 237 nm
[0018]
(Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4)
Monacolin K production using glutinous brown rice (Example 1), non-glutinous scrap rice (Comparative Example 1), non-glutinous germ rice (Comparative Example 2), non-glutinous brown rice (Comparative Example 3), and non-glutinous polished rice (Comparative Example 4) Were compared.
I. Method used strain: Monascus pirosus IFO4520
Sample preparation: Approximately 20 g of each sample whose water content was adjusted to 35% was placed in a 100 mL kolben, and autoclaved at 110 ° C for 10 minutes. For inoculation, ten inocula were cut out from a PDA (potato dextrose agar) plate on which the strain had been grown sufficiently beforehand with a cork borer. The culture was performed at 35 ° C. for the initial 7 days, and then at 25 ° C. for 16, 22, and 37 days, and the monacolin K content was measured by HPLC. The experiment was performed in triplicate. Monacolin K has an acid type and a lactone type, but only the lactone type was quantified.
[0019]
II. Results The production status of monacolin K content when cultured at 25 ° C. for 22 days for a total of 29 days is shown in Table 1.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004267125
[0021]
Non-glutinous waste rice (Comparative Example 1), non-glutinous germ rice (Comparative Example 2), non-glutinous brown rice (Comparative Example 3), and non-glutinous polished rice (Comparative Example 4) have a monacolin K content of 0.052% and 0.015%, respectively. The content was 0.100% and 0.003%, but the content was significantly increased to 0.263% by using brown rice (Example 1) as the raw material.
After culturing at 25 ° C. for 16, 22, and 37 days, the monacholine K content was investigated. Under all conditions, the glutinous brown rice had the highest monacholine K content (FIG. 1).
[0022]
From the above results, it was suggested that the use of glutinous brown rice produces a red yeast rice with a high monacolin K content.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, red yeast rice with a high monacolin K content can be produced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing the relationship between the type of rice and the content of monacolin K when Monascus pirosus IFO4520 is used. Each of the columns on the 16th, 22nd and 37th days shows, from the left, glutinous brown rice (Example 1), non-glutinous scrap rice (Comparative Example 1), non-germ germ rice (Comparative Example 2), and non-glutinous rice brown rice (Comparative Example 3). , Represents non-glutinous polished rice (Comparative Example 4).

Claims (2)

製麹原料として、デンプン中のアミロース含量が15%以下である米を用いて製麹することを特徴とする紅麹の製造法。A method for producing red koji, comprising koji-making using rice having an amylose content of 15% or less in starch as a koji-making raw material. デンプン中のアミロース含量が15%以下である米がもち米玄米である請求項1記載の製造法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the rice having an amylose content of 15% or less in starch is glutinous brown rice.
JP2003063678A 2003-03-10 2003-03-10 Method for producing red koji Pending JP2004267125A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009155258A (en) * 2007-12-26 2009-07-16 Sunway Biotech Co Ltd Composition for treating and preventing alzheimer's disease and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009155258A (en) * 2007-12-26 2009-07-16 Sunway Biotech Co Ltd Composition for treating and preventing alzheimer's disease and preparation method thereof

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