JP2004258812A - Snowslide detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a snowslide detection device capable of remotely monitoring a wide range without being affected by induction of thunder, a high-voltage electric cable or the like, hardly causing malfunction by a factor of wind and rain or the like except a snowslide, and capable of repeatedly detecting the snowslide. <P>SOLUTION: This snowslide detection device 1 has a projecting component 12 and a recessed component 13 disposed such that both the components 12, 13 engage with each other through an optical fiber 4. In the detection device 1, a state that the projecting component 12 and the recessed component 13 are engaged and fixed and a state that the fixing is released are alternately generated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an avalanche detection device that can remotely monitor a wide area, is not affected by the induction of lightning and high-voltage wires, hardly malfunctions due to factors other than avalanches such as wind and rain, and can repeatedly detect an avalanche.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, avalanches have been monitored by, for example, patrol inspections by road security personnel, sensors operated by cutting wires, and remote monitoring cameras, for example.
[0003]
For example, in the optical monitoring device and the optical fiber sensor disclosed in Patent Literature 1, debris flow or avalanche hits the pressure receiving member, and the optical fiber is bent or cut due to relative displacement occurring at the joint of the pressure receiving member.
[0004]
In the measurement device for avalanche analysis of Patent Document 2, an avalanche occurrence is detected using a combination of a visible camera, an infrared camera, a laser range finder, a microphone, a wire cut sensor, and the like, and a database is created.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-99686 A
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-257953
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, patrols by road security personnel lacked responsiveness and had safety issues. Since the wire sensor is exposed, there is a problem that it is affected by a malfunction or lightning damage due to other factors. Also, once cut, it is necessary to repair it, and it is difficult to detect repeated avalanches. Monitoring by a remote monitoring camera has problems in monitoring in bad weather such as a snowstorm or at night, the size of the monitoring target area, and the camera installation density.
[0008]
Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object thereof is to be able to remotely monitor a wide area, to be unaffected by the induction of lightning, high-voltage power lines, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide an avalanche detection device that is less likely to malfunction due to factors such as the above and that can repeatedly detect an avalanche.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present invention according to claim 1 includes a convex part and a concave part which are disposed so as to mesh with the optical fiber cable extended from a point where strain of the optical fiber cable is measured. An avalanche that alternately generates a state in which the convex parts and the concave parts are engaged and fixed by avalanches that occur sequentially, and a state in which the fixing is released. The detecting device is a solution.
[0010]
According to the present invention of claim 1, a convex part and a concave part arranged so as to mesh with the optical fiber cable extended from a point where the strain of the optical fiber cable is measured, and an avalanche sequentially generated, Since it has a fixing release mechanism that alternately generates a state in which the convex part and the concave part are engaged and fixed, and a state in which the fixing is released, it is possible to remotely monitor a wide range, It is possible to provide an avalanche detection device that is not affected by guidance, hardly malfunctions due to factors other than avalanches such as wind and rain, and can repeatedly detect an avalanche.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the fixing release mechanism includes an avalanche pressure plate receiving an avalanche, and the avalanche pressure plate has an opening formed therein. Means.
[0012]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the fixing release mechanism includes an avalanche receiving pressure plate that receives an avalanche, and the avalanche receiving plate has an opening, so that a part of the avalanche passes through the opening, Therefore, the pressure received from the avalanche is reduced, and damage to components can be prevented.
[0013]
The present invention according to claim 3, wherein one of the convex component and the concave component is immovable and the other is movable, and the fixing releasing mechanism is configured to move the fixed component relative to the movable component in the fixed position. An elastic member for applying a force toward the position of the released state from the above, a moving means for moving the movable part in the direction of the position of the fixed state, and moving the movable part to a destination position. The avalanche detection device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a holding means for holding, and a holding force eliminating means for eliminating the holding force of the holding means.
[0014]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, one of the convex part and the concave part is immovable and the other is movable, and the fixing releasing mechanism is released from the position where the movable part is fixed with respect to the movable part. An elastic member for applying a force toward the position of the state, a moving means for moving the movable part in the direction of the fixed state, a holding means for holding the movable part at the destination position, and a holding means. Since the holding force eliminating means for eliminating the holding force is provided, it is possible to alternately generate a state in which the convex component and the concave component are engaged and fixed, and a state in which the fixing is released.
[0015]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an avalanche detection device according to any one of the first to third aspects, further comprising a pulley for guiding the optical fiber cable between the convex part and the concave part. And
[0016]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the pulley for guiding the optical fiber cable between the convex part and the concave part is provided, the position of the optical fiber cable can be easily adjusted.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an avalanche detection system including an avalanche detection device to which the present invention is applied. As shown in FIG. 1, two avalanche detection devices 1 having the same configuration are provided at different points where occurrence of an avalanche is predicted. For example, it is installed on an avalanche preventing fence, an avalanche disabling fence, an avalanche stop, or on a slope.
[0019]
The bending loss measuring device 2 for measuring the bending loss of the optical fiber cable, and the computer 3 for determining the occurrence of an avalanche based on the bending loss data measured by the bending loss measuring device 2 and issuing an alarm or the like, include an avalanche. Is provided at a measurement point remote from the predicted occurrence point. The bending loss measuring device 2 is, for example, an OTDR (Optical-Fiber-Time Domain Reflectometer), and the computer 3 can be constituted by a personal computer or the like.
[0020]
Each avalanche detecting device 1 is provided with one optical fiber cable 4 extended (extended) from the bending loss measuring device 2. The avalanche detection device 1 includes an avalanche pressure plate 11 that receives an avalanche, a convex component 12 having a trapezoidal concave portion, and a concave component 13 having a trapezoidal concave portion that meshes with the convex component 12. The optical fiber cable 4 It is passed between the convex part 12 and the concave part 13.
[0021]
The bending loss measuring device 2 includes a light emitting unit 21, a light receiving unit 22, and a beam splitter 23. The light emitting unit 21 causes the optical pulse 200 to enter the optical fiber cable 4 via the beam splitter 23. The light receiving unit 22 receives the backscattered light 201 from the optical fiber cable 4 via the beam splitter 23.
[0022]
2A is a plan view of the inside of the avalanche detection device 1, and FIG. 2B is a side view of the inside of the avalanche detection device 1. The avalanche detection device 1 has a housing 10 including side plates 101 and 102 facing each other, side plates 103 and 104 facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the side plate, a top plate 105, and a bottom plate 106. Is fixed at a point where an avalanche is expected to occur. The avalanche detection device 1 also includes an avalanche receiving pressure plate 11 facing the side plate 101 outside the housing 10. A push rod 111 is introduced from the avalanche receiving plate 11 into the housing 10.
[0023]
FIG. 3 is a view of the avalanche receiving pressure plate 11 as viewed from the avalanche side.
[0024]
The avalanche receiving plate 11 directly receives the pressure of the avalanche and transmits the pressure to the protruding part 12. A plurality of slits 113 (one of the representatives is denoted by a reference numeral) for passing a part of the avalanche are provided. Since it is formed, the pressure received from the avalanche is weakened, so that the push rod 111, the housing 10, and the components formed therein can be prevented from being damaged. Therefore, the durability of the avalanche detection device 1 is improved. It is needless to say that a simple opening may be used instead of the slit.
[0025]
Returning to FIG. 2, the inside of the housing 10 will be described.
[0026]
A coil-shaped (shown by a broken line in the figure) spring 112 is bridged between the side plate 101 and the push rod 111. Since the spring 112 is contracted in the state of FIG. 2, the avalanche receiving pressure plate 11 is urged in a direction away from the housing 10.
[0027]
A convex component 12 is provided inside the housing 10 with a trapezoidal convex portion facing the side plate 102. The convex component 12 is movable toward the side plate 101 or the side plate 102, but the mechanism is not shown.
[0028]
The top 121 is fixed to the lower part of the convex part 12. A coil-shaped (shown by a broken line in the figure) spring 122 is bridged between the top 121 and the side plate 102. Since the spring 122 is normally in an extended state, the convex part 12 and the top 121 are urged in the direction of the side plate 101. The top 121 is arranged so that the tip of the push rod 111 can abut.
[0029]
The concave component 13 is fixed to the top plate 105 near the side plate 102. The trapezoidal concave portion of the concave part 13 faces the side plate 101. That is, the concave part 13 can be engaged with the convex part 12.
[0030]
Pulleys 14L and 14R are provided on both sides of the concave part 13 on the top plate 105. Openings 102L and 102R are formed in portions of the side plate 102 facing the pulley 14L and the pulley 14R, respectively. The optical fiber cable 4 introduced from the opening 102L is hooked on the pulley 14L, and then passes through the vicinity of the concave portion of the concave component 13. As shown in the figure, after being hung on the pulley 14R, it is drawn out from the opening 102R. The leaf spring 16L is connected to the vicinity of the opening 102L in the side plate 102 and to one portion of the optical fiber cable 4. The leaf spring 16R is connected to the vicinity of the opening 102R in the side plate 102 and another portion of the optical fiber cable 4. Since the leaf springs 16L and 16R are normally contracted as shown in FIG. 2, the optical fiber cable 4 is linear at the portion where the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are engaged.
[0031]
Note that the derived optical fiber cable 4 is similarly processed in another avalanche detection device 1. Therefore, the position of the portion of the optical fiber cable 4 sandwiched between the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 can be easily adjusted by the pulley 14L and the pulley 14R.
[0032]
A base 151 having a plate-like basic shape is fixed to the bottom plate 106. The base 151 is formed so as to guide the top 121 to the position shown in FIG.
[0033]
The closing projection 152 is fixed on the base 151. The closing projection 152 is higher toward the side plate 102. The top 121 is placed on the closing projection 152. Further, an open protrusion 153 is fixed adjacent to the side of the side plate 102 of the close protrusion 152. The height of the open protrusion 153 is lower than the height of the highest portion of the closed protrusion 152.
[0034]
The opening protrusion 153 is formed in a fan shape in plan view. The portion corresponding to the arc of the fan contacts the top 121 and smoothly guides the top 121.
[0035]
In the avalanche detection device 1, since the engagement between the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 is fixed or released, the components other than the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are collectively fixed and released. May be referred to.
[0036]
The structure of the avalanche pressure plate 11 is determined based on the following concept.
[0037]
That is, as shown in FIG. 4, when the constant of the spring is k, the pushing distance required for fixing or releasing is d, and the effective area of the avalanche receiving plate 11 excluding the slit 113 is A, the fixing or releasing is performed. The required force F is expressed by equation (1) according to Hooke's law, and as shown in equation (2), the pressure p received by the avalanche pressure receiving plate 11 is obtained by dividing the force F by the effective area A.
[0038]
(Equation 1)
F = k · d (1)
p = F / A = k · d / A (2)
Therefore, the area and shape of the avalanche receiving plate 11 and the slit are determined by the force F based on the expected scale of the avalanche, the indentation distance d, and the spring constant k, and the material and thickness are selected so as to sufficiently withstand the pressure p. Just design.
[0039]
Next, the operation of the avalanche detection device 1 will be described.
[0040]
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
[0041]
In the avalanche detecting device 1, a state in which the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are engaged and fixed by the avalanche and a state in which the fixing is released by the next avalanche alternately occur.
[0042]
For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, after the occurrence of the nth avalanche, the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are in a state in which the engagement is released, and the optical fiber cable 4 is bent. Absent.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 5B, after the occurrence of the (n + 1) th avalanche, the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are engaged and fixed, and the optical fiber cable 4 is bent. At this time, since a bending loss occurs in the optical fiber cable 4, the occurrence of the avalanche can be detected by measuring the bending loss by the bending loss measuring device 2 and converting the data into data by the computer 3.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 5C, after the occurrence of the (n + 2) th avalanche, the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are released again, and the optical fiber cable 4 does not bend. Therefore, the bending loss returns to the initial state. The occurrence of an avalanche can be detected by measuring it with a bending / bending loss measuring device 2 or the like.
[0045]
The operation of FIG. 5 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2 and FIGS. 6 to 10 showing states during the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
[0046]
6A to 10, as in FIG. 2, (a) is a plan view of the inside of the avalanche detection device 1, and (b) is a diagram of the inside of the avalanche detection device 1 in a side view. It is.
[0047]
In the state of FIG. 2, that is, the (n + 1) th avalanche generated from the state in which the engagement of the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 is released as shown in FIG. To move it. At this time, since a part of the avalanche passes through the slit 113, it is possible to prevent an excessive force from being applied to the avalanche pressure receiving plate 11 and the housing 10.
[0048]
As shown in FIG. 6, as the avalanche pressure plate 11 moves in the direction of the housing 10, the push rod 111 contacts the top 121 to move the top 121 and the convex part 12. At this time, the top 121 climbs the closing projection 152. Since the upper portion of the closing projection 152 is formed of a curved surface, the top 121 can be moved smoothly.
[0049]
As shown in FIG. 7, when the top 121 falls on the open projection 153 beyond the top of the closing projection 152, the top 121 is locked to the closing projection 152 against the force of the springs 112 and 122. You. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are engaged and fixed. As shown in FIG. 8, when the force of the avalanche is weakened, the avalanche pressure plate 11 and the push rod 111 are returned to the position shown in FIG. 2 by the contraction force of the spring 112, but the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are engaged. The fixed state is maintained. In addition, the leaf springs 16L and 16R expand to generate a spring force.
[0050]
In the (n + 2) th avalanche generated from the state of FIG. 8, the avalanche receiving pressure plate 11 is pressed and moved in the direction of the housing 10. With the movement of the avalanche pressure plate 11 in the direction of the housing 10, the push rod 111 contacts the top 121 and moves the top 121 and the convex part 12.
[0051]
As shown in FIG. 9, when the top 121 falls on the base 151 beyond the open protrusion 153, the top 121 is returned toward the side plate 101 by the extension force of the spring 122 as shown in FIG. As a result, the state transits to the state shown in FIG. At that time, since the leaf springs 16L and 16R contract again, the optical fiber cable 4 extends linearly at the meshing portion.
[0052]
Since the open projection 153 has a curved surface 1531 for guiding the top 121, that is, a surface facing the side plates 102 and 104, the release of the fixing is smooth. Further, since the base 151 has a high slope on the side plate 101 side, and has a wall 1511 on the side plate 104 side, and since the wall 1511 is curved on the side plate 101 side toward the side plate 103 side, The top 121 can be guided, and therefore, it is possible to smoothly return to the position shown in FIG.
[0053]
As described above, the avalanche detection device 1 at the avalanche occurrence point can cause bending loss in the optical fiber cable 4 due to the avalanches that occur sequentially.
[0054]
On the other hand, the bending loss measuring device 2 at the measurement point causes the light pulse 200 to enter the optical fiber cable 4 from the light emitting unit 21 via the beam splitter 23. The optical pulse 200 is scattered inside the optical fiber cable 4, and the backscattered light 201 travels backward in the optical fiber cable 4. The light receiving unit 22 receives the backward scattered light 201 traveling backward through the beam splitter 23. The bending loss measuring device 2 measures the bending loss of the optical fiber cable 4 based on the received backscattered light 201, and transmits data of the measured bending loss (for example, loss distribution) to the computer 3. The computer 3 determines the occurrence of an avalanche based on the transmitted bending loss data and issues an alarm or the like.
[0055]
As described above, the avalanche detecting device 1 includes the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 arranged to mesh with the optical fiber cable 4 extending from the measurement point, and the convex part A component (fixing release mechanism) other than the convex component 12 and the concave component 13 that alternately generates a state in which the concave part 12 and the concave part 13 are engaged and fixed, and a state in which the fixing is released. Since an optical fiber cable is used as a sensor and a transmission line, a wide area can be monitored from a remote place. In addition, since no electrical parts are used for the sensor unit, there is no influence from the induction of lightning, high-voltage electric wires, and the like. Also, malfunction due to wind and rain can be prevented. Further, since the fixing is released or released alternately by the avalanche by the fixing releasing mechanism, an avalanche that occurs repeatedly can be detected.
[0056]
Moreover, since the fixing release mechanism includes the avalanche receiving pressure plate 11 that receives the avalanche and the slit 113 (opening) is formed in the avalanche receiving pressure plate 11, a part of the avalanche passes through the opening. And the pressure received from the housing becomes weaker, and damage to the push rod 111, the housing 10, and components formed therein can be prevented.
[0057]
More specifically, the avalanche detection device 1 is configured such that the convex component 12 is movable and the concave component 13 is immovable, and the avalanche detection device 1 is released from the position where the engagement with the convex component 12 is fixed. A spring 112 and a spring 122 for applying a force toward the position of the pressed state, an avalanche receiving pressure plate 11, which is a moving means for moving the convex part 12 in the direction of the fixed position, a push rod 111 and a top 121, Since the protruding part 12 is provided with a closing projection 152 as holding means for holding the protruding part 12 at the movement destination position and an opening projection 153 as holding force eliminating means for extinguishing the holding force of the closing projection 152, the protruding part 12 and the concave part 13 are provided. And the state in which they are engaged and fixed, and the state in which the fixing is released can be generated alternately.
[0058]
In addition, since the pulleys 14L and 14R for guiding the optical fiber cable between the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 are provided, the position of the optical fiber cable 4 can be easily adjusted.
[0059]
In some cases, the convex part 12 and the concave part 13 may be exchanged. Further, the same effect can be obtained even if the shape of the convex part of the convex part 12 and the concave part of the concave part 13 are circular, rectangular, triangular, corrugated or the like. Further, the convex portion may have a three-dimensional shape such as a cone or a polygonal pyramid, and the concave portion may have a corresponding shape.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the avalanche detection device of the present invention, the convex component and the concave component arranged to mesh with the optical fiber cable extended from the point where the strain of the optical fiber cable is measured, and sequentially Due to the avalanche that occurs, a state in which the convex and concave parts are engaged and fixed, and a state in which the fixing is released, is provided with a fixing release mechanism that alternately generates, so that it is possible to remotely monitor a wide range, It is possible to provide an avalanche detection device that is not affected by lightning, high-voltage electric wires, etc., hardly malfunctions due to factors other than an avalanche such as wind and rain, and can repeatedly detect an avalanche.
[0061]
Further, the fixing release mechanism includes an avalanche receiving pressure plate that receives an avalanche, and since the avalanche receiving pressure plate has an opening, a part of the avalanche passes through the opening, so that the pressure received from the avalanche is weak. And damage to parts can be prevented.
[0062]
Further, one of the convex component and the concave component is immovable and the other is movable, and the fixing release mechanism moves the movable component from the fixed position to the released position with respect to the movable component. Elastic member for applying a force, a moving unit for moving the movable component in the direction of the fixed position, a holding unit for holding the movable component at a destination position, and a holding unit for extinguishing the holding force of the holding unit Since the force-extinguishing means is provided, a state in which the convex part and the concave part are engaged and fixed, and a state in which the fixing is released can be alternately generated.
[0063]
In addition, since the pulley for guiding the optical fiber cable between the convex part and the concave part is provided, the position of the optical fiber cable can be easily adjusted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an avalanche detection system including an avalanche detection device to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2A is a plan view of the avalanche detection device 1, and FIG. 2B is a side view of the avalanche detection device 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a view of the avalanche receiving pressure plate 11 viewed from an avalanche side.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method for determining the structure of the avalanche pressure plate 11;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state in the middle of the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in the middle of the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in the middle of the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a state in the middle of the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in the middle of the operation of the avalanche detection device 1.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 avalanche detecting device 2 bending loss measuring device 3 computer 4 optical fiber cable 11 avalanche pressure receiving plate 12 convex component 13 concave component 10 housing 21 light emitting unit 22 light receiving unit 23 beam splitters 101 to 104 side plate 105 top plate 106 bottom plate 111 push rod 112, 122 Spring 113 Slit 121 Frame 151 Base 152 Closing protrusion 153 Opening protrusion 14L, 14R Pulley 16L, 16R Leaf spring 200 Light pulse 201 Backscattered light 1511 Wall 1531 Curved surface

Claims (4)

A convex part and a concave part arranged to be engaged with the optical fiber cable extended from the point where the strain of the optical fiber cable is measured,
An avalanche detection device comprising: a fixing release mechanism that alternately generates a state in which the convex and concave parts are engaged and fixed by an avalanche that occurs sequentially, and a state in which the fixing is released. apparatus. The avalanche detection device according to claim 1, wherein the fixing release mechanism includes an avalanche receiving pressure plate that receives an avalanche, and the avalanche receiving plate has an opening. One of the convex component and the concave component is immovable and the other is movable,
The fixing release mechanism,
An elastic member for applying a force to the movable component from the fixed position to the released position;
Moving means for moving the movable part in the direction of the position of the fixed state,
Holding means for holding the movable component at a destination position,
The avalanche detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a holding force extinguishing unit that extinguishes the holding force of the holding unit. The avalanche detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a pulley that guides the optical fiber cable between the convex part and the concave part.

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